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 July | August 2012EXPERT TOPIC - Tilapia 
The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry
International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom. All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published.©Copyright 2012 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any formor by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
 
14 | InernAIonA
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| July-August 2012
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TILAPIA
EXPERT TOPIC
Welcome to Expert Topic, a new feature for International Aquafeed. Each issue willtake an in-depth look at a particular species and how it's feed is managed.
 
1
Effects of dietarypotassium diformateon juvenile tilapia
 
 – a performance analysis
by Christian Lückstädt, AnimalNutritionist, ADDCON, Germany
G
lobalproductionoffarmedtilapiainatleast85countriesexceeded3milliontin2009andrequireshigh-qualityfishfeeds.Insuchintensiveaquacultureproduc-tion,bacterialdiseaseshavebeenidentifiedasamajorcauseofeconomiclosstopro-ducers.Feedingantibiotic-medicatedfeedsisacommonpracticetotreatbacterialinfections.Prophylacticuseofantibioticsasgrowthpromotersinaquacultureproduc-tionhasalsooccurredwidely.
However,growingawarenessfromcon-sumersandproducersofaquaculturespecieshasresultedinademandforresponsibleandsustainableaquaculture.Regulatoryauthoritiesinmostexportingcountriesnowfocuson themisuseofantibioticgrowthpromoters(AGP)inaquaculture,whilepublicattentionhasshiftedtowardssustainableproductionmethods.Thus,alternativeadditivestoreplaceAGPs,whichhavebeenbannedinEUanimalfeedssince2006,havehadtobetested.Dietaryorganicacids,andespeciallypotassiumdiformate–themostwidelytestedorganicacidsaltinaquaculture,areamongthevari-ousalternativesspearheadingenvironmentalfriendlyandnutritive-sustainableaquacultureapproaches.Dietarypotassiumdiformate(KDF)hasbeentestedintilapiaaquaculturesince2005andsincethennumerouspublicationsandconferencecontributionsontheuseofKDFinjuveniletilapiahavebeenpublishedfromEurope,AmericaandAsia.Thisstudyanalysed theaverageimpactoftheadditivefromallpublishedstudiesonitseffectonperformanceparameterssuchasweightgain,feedefficiencyandmortality.Thefinaldata-setcontainedtheresultsofeightpublishedstudies,comprising18 trialswithKDF-inclusion,whichrangedfrom0.2%to0.75%andcovered3,040fish.Dataweresubjectedtostatisticalanalysisandasignificancelevelof0.05wasusedinalltests.Resultsareexpressedaspercentagediffer-encefromthenegativelycontrolledfish.Theaveragelevelofdietarypotassiumdiformatefromthedata-setinalltreatedfishwas0.41percent.Onlyanumericalincreaseoffeedintake(2.1%)couldbemonitored(P=0.16)comparedtofishwithouttheadditive.However,theper-formanceoftilapia,basedonfinalweightwassignificantlyincreasedby5.6per-cent(P=0.009).Furthermore,thefeedconversionratiooffishfedKDFwasalsosignificantlyimproved(P=0.012):this timetheimprovementwas4.5percent.Dataonmortalitywereinconclusive,sincesomeofthetrialswerecarriedoutundercleanlaboratoryconditions,whileothersemployedachallengewithpotentiallypath-ogenicbacteria,suchas
Vibrio anguillarum
,
Streptococcus agalactiae
,
Streptococcus iniae
and
 Aeromonas hydrophila
.Inthesecases,dietaryKDF,rangingfrom0.2percenttill0.5percentreducedmortality(P<0.05)whenemployedagainst
V. anguillarum
;it tendedtoreduce(dosagesbetween0.2-0.6%)mortalitycausedby
S. agalactiae
and
 A. hydrophila
,whileithadnoeffect(KDFrangingfrom0.25-0.75%)onmortalitycausedby
S. iniae
.Ingeneral,resultsshowsignificantlyimprovedgrowthandFCRintilapiafedwithdietarypotassiumdiformate,whileitsbeneficialimpactagainstpathogenicbacteriaseemtobebacterial-challengedependent.Ifcalculatedasfishproductivityindex,whichisafunctionofweightgain,survivalandFCR(Lückstädt&Kühlmann,2011),theimprovementextendedtoalmost17percent(P=0.020).TheuseofKDFintilapiafeedingisthereforesup-portedasapromisingalternativeinthecontemporaryaqua-feedindustryinorder tocontributetoanecologicallysustainable tilapiaproduction.
This paper was presented at the XV International Symposium on Fish Nutritionand Feeding Molde, Norway June 4-7, 2012.Originally published on www.engormix.com
M
ore
I
nforMatIon
:
Website: http://www.addcon.com
table 1:
ffects of potassium diformatein tilapia diets against negative controlperformance (responses as per cent of negative control) – data-set consists of eight published studies covering 3,040 fishDosage (%)Feed intakeWeight gain FC0.41+2.05+5.59-4.46P.level0.1620.0090.012
July-August 2012 | InernAIonA
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| 15
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