2
Materialism theory :
ﺔﯾدﺎﻤﻟا
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
:
This theory states that commercial law will imply on the commercial actswhether they are done by a trader or non-trader.
ﺮﻈﻨﻟا
هﺬھﺮﺟﺎﺗ
ﺮﯿﻏ
وأ
ﺮﺟﺎﺗ
ﺎﮭﺑ
مﺎﻗ
ءاﻮﺳ
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻖﺒﻄﯿﺳ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا
نأ
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺺﻨﺗ
ﺔﯾ
According to this theory the rules of commercial Law will apply to commercialTransaction done by any person even is he not a trader
ﺎﻘﻟا
ﺪﻋاﻮﻗ
نﺈﻓ
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
هﺬﮭﻟ
ﺎﻘﺒﻃﻰﺘﺣ
ﺺﺨﺷ
يأ
ﺎﮭﺑ
مﻮﻘﯾ
ﻲﺘﻟا
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
تﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟا
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻖﺒﻄﺘﺳ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧ
اﺮﺟﺎﺗ
ﻦﻜﯾ
ﻢﻟ
ﻮﻟ
The theory was criticized where it makes clear distance between commercialActs and non-commercial acts, especially with the advance on commercialworld, where there are mixing in the fields of the law such as the case in thelaw dealing with bankruptcy
ﻊﻣ
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ
،
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
ﺮﯿﻏ
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
و
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
ﻦﯿﺑ
ﺔﺤﺿاو
ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ
ﻊ
ﻀ
ﺗ
ﺎﮭﻧأ
ﺚﯿﺣ
ﺎھدﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﻢﺗ
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟاﺎﺣ
ﻞ
ﺜ
ﻣ
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ
ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا
تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا
ﻲﻓ
ﻞﺧاﺪﺗ
كﺎﻨھ
ﺚﯿﺣ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟا
ﻲﻓ
رﻮﻄﺘﻟا
س
ﻼﻓ
ﻹ
ﺎﺑ
ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا
ﺔﻟ
.
Personalzim theory :
ﺔﯿﺼﺨﺸﻟا
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
This theory states that the commercial law apply to traders only, so thecommercial acts will not be subject of the commercial law unless they aredone by traders
ا
نأ
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺺﻨﺗ
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
هﺬھنﻮﻜﺗ
ﻦﻟ
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
نﺎﻓ
اﺬﮭﻟ
،
ﻂ
ﻘﻓ
رﺎﺠﺘﻟا
ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻖﺒﻄﯿﺳ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟ
رﺎﺠﺘﻟا
ﺎﮭﺑ
مﺎﻗ
اذإ
ﻻإ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ
ﺔﻌﺿﺎﺧ
. This theory was criticized where it limits the scope of the law to traders only.
ﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا
ى
ﺪﻣ
دﺪﺤﺗ
ﺎﮭﻧإ
ﺚﯿﺣ
ﺎھدﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﻢﺗ
ﺔﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
هﺬھ
ﻂ
ﻘﻓ
رﺎﺠﺘﻟﺎﺑ
ير
The Bahrain commercial law takes both theories in consideration. Where itapplies the commercial law to the commercial acts and the acts by traders.
ﻷا
ﻰﻠﻋ
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا
ﻖﺒﻄﯾ
ﺚﯿﺣ
،
نﺎﺒﺴﺤﻟا
ﻲﻓ
ﻦﯿﺘﯾﺮﻈﻨﻟا
ﻼﻛ
ﺬﺧ
ﺄ
ﯾ
ﻲﻨﯾﺮﺤﺒﻟا
يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋ
ﺎ
ﻀ
ﯾأ
رﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻌﻓأ
ﻰﻠﻋو
. Commercial acts are different from civil acts where the commercial acts hasthe following criteria
ﺔﯿﻟﺎﺘﻟا
تﺎﻔ
ﺼ
ﻟاو
ﺺﺋﺎ
ﺼ
ﺨﻟا
ﺎﮭﻟ
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
نأ
ﺚﯿﺣ
ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻤﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
ﻦﻋ
ﻒ
ﻠﺘﺨﺗ
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
:-
1 - speculation:
ﻊﻗﻮﺘﻟا
:
The commercial acts aim to make profit so any act that aim to make profitcommercial act
يرﺎﺠﺗ
ﻞﻤﻋ
ﻮھ
ﺢﺑﺮﻟا
ﻰﻠﻋ
فﺪﮭﯾ
ﻞﻤﻋ
ي
ﺄ
ﻓ
اﺬﮭﻟو
،
ﺢﺑﺮﻟا
فﺪﮭﺘﺴﺗ
ﺔﯾرﺎﺠﺘﻟا
لﺎﻤﻋﻷا
. This criteria was criticized where many acts aim to make profit but are notconsidered as commercial act such as the work of the lawyers, doctors , etc
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