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,zail: dapm t

,dal~ (4 ~21sehingga dtperohah:

,cU:petoleb dengan ,men\SitU1akan, pe,~sa'ma.a]l, (4..'l)1

.',is."k~,~nm .ln8·S f'i:;~

!'(l.l~~lll' {U
~I

S.~'f/~.r,d:.

&ruaro.. ,~a~~or.daJ~aID, ~te.m

sm.,~d~I~~h. armu. J.. '[lal~];ouWe:

J.-i!Ii'J!~tir~. iJ]' rr-J'ft"""'b~i.i!~.Ir h·.f.il· u-r1J'J.!l1II rJ;ifJi ~~flt t,i~1 iJ,:tl'riijjra.. 1~]" k:"
~i!1 r1,~t1'.~i'Plli"'~El7i1'j liltI "l~~i~$)~Wf illJh~M'L1~~f'tgi

MII,~:hDJlIte:r'tenm ~a:tuan, ,k.al0F. geodl'~g mt~g jQ<lj;ll~ dtain l~dor:ri. . KJo:nveESiil :sa'b.1aiFl:·d:ari jiOWe ~e k~]od. ad:ala'h: 1 kaJo,ri
3
:= ~~

1:8 iG:~','e'nl"jJ',~~' IO,f;t,ltl - i!J~2'4ktI~'mi 1.

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unci lit" ~N\D,ml"un:i ,pa,da :klQ\Ildiisi, ~rt;m;'l'llll1 S~I,~i'lJljlJ in,t dapilt ,mW1iYE'riJpl ka'tol' da~itm .J·wnlfih 'raD,g Z besar' 'Mn:pa, :men,l:itlmmi, per:ttbaban pada ~uihunYil-, "
ma.k~ bilSfi.'nym swbu ,z:al
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ai'
.

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:.ni ~elj\ido~:5el crM a, "erubahn'wr fflSiJ~ adii:nya keitib, kamd.isi, r~Ls: ,~~t ,~1uberubah dari :5ualu bi!!ntuk, lite bentuk lain, Jeniis ,eirlj;dil~banfa.sa, y~lWtro;~ (7:) Pem~b~kU't:nr,ya:rn't.u ·pewuha.han :fils-a, ...:I. .' .,_~. d'a.tan._'C," ilh' '.' ", ~::: nan •• ,utU:aD, 'mm1i1 di pra·.·· olnW.c_:;'ne·mue'k'[Ian, ,aIr .men~a.m,
~ lh

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!'~I ~~. - ._

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.r t'
,I,

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-'if; ,2.JrJ' " ,.•"' "'

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lnL~h ~Utl: aockall. :~e'bihban'}ltlk callilan yii~B' m,~nRtl. dan. :~@setimbangnFi. baru mb:n. It@rlleJlttllk pda te:kaDWl 'Ua!1? ,'ang: }.ebn~ ;~nqt .. 6ehagBJi Ican.toh~]i~it mj.um.lah kalor d.i 't,ta.'mb-lh ~,a.lrn. b! if ILl.S D1IJ,t!li,@r. us 'pii d a ·~bongkah -s, l}l~.ka. snhu es ,abn D~~:~~' ~{J.'~~' b: ;.7Ual -mencapa.1 •.. i, "I.~ ._e1 'L . 'nti-Ii. ~ ~~Mjnya'j!1 'I.=-: ms :ma~~ m,en__ca~rdm :se~ama poo;s_es ird suhu 1e5 ,t:et.~;l'P~ Pad~ -.su.bu. Df!C' ela1n. ~ekana:~ ~
·~wnl.i;_ '1.•~iI;~

:l~ju kO(lld~.mya beT'tam~bil1ih.~mr,~.i. m:rua.i~p.Sarma dlengato. ! :la~u pm.gmapm dM teJj~d~ .k,eserimbml~i!1IJ~,. Te~~nan.~p air ~d~ :keietoob~StEm, ad;ilJ~:b ~kc"11~;m]J.'li&p ,~j~ p~dft ·~uilh:tI.i~u..
"u\'i9]
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(li~.osfefr' d:i$.ebut ,'lhl" beb~ .~iryalhl HUlk.

It:m.pa~ ,ter.l~~di. kes~ti.nili~lng.a:l'l fase (3~:V dan ·,tIidat. Selte.~ah .s~I.u~n.dtes :me:neail"' ntenJ~dJl ~r, DDlaJ"r .suhu. iilr abu. 'riaik'O S~LEI. D:l.en.(:~.p!mi. t-H:i.:k dUd1.h. air' ,~ka:n. f
Camt'balr' ~... l.
,mi.", ,~'M IJ!lIl
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il!i~UlL;F ~ J

me:rnll.ll.:aifl'L'11l,seiama. 'proses W. :stthu. air m~ffi~di u~p~ .f\oFi.disi _padrl, sublll 100' ~C
'i"i'ilii
I

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re '{iiiiJ [p'

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n.ir Yidtu IWlik 11If.unp'n't· ~mji.idike5e'limb~~S;~11i, b5e ,ooi'f~diill U£1:p.. [Jiagrarm ,f,3seunruk aU, diJ1Lun,j:Llkikflf;1, pa,del 'Gam b'ar '~J.~

an lL;.sltlil.~_E';·~~~1 nU[III~/~5iel.'I~_t~~ ";Ulll:tIll;l,A ...iI',i ..Jlil, d- ".N!ii~0'i~"'~, 1 ."Ii,'''_,n - i€~,ii" .JI~;e;.i"lib- - iI ,-u;-J\. ~.I~l~'I·lli'·

Dj: a,I'rEuD ,f ase 1!:1.n.hiit a W .,:a nIB d." IU'n~ uJt.ik.o,n, pad.;iI r IG,ambarr. ,4,,1 'me'ru:r?ai:kfl!D gr,ll.fil. I~e(ka:n'a'lib. SI3ib,llJ!sd ,runl,si suhu J pada. 'vob.lme kQ:tlS~in1,. Baig;htn dti,a',lf,iljm; da:t:I n'l:i'k IQ! dan if: :me:Ii1.'IJ :kJtan ~1~dlHUUi n. lIUl.'1?1 '~eIdiadilF n.j'u su h u, JiJ k,a, ,k j.Jt,ll, mel anjru t\;an, ·ptm~na~. l'ab,Wlg' maika, ke.ra.:pat~n O1b-;a1f\,akan bert,u~g da.n l:~rapa:rn:rnu~p'b:erlll.lIlbah. D:i ~.tik C pad~.CU~.", ,
:grsJ'[fl ~et'Rbu,t m.i dl. kjed,ua ker'~'l?a:t,am ,~nj 5iill;ma~ 'T'in:k C lid h A;r hi . b". '"k, .. ntLs a~u u.15~Ill,r - rlJ!~, Ii:L.,U,,~d;tIS •..'J'k ~~a:ralll k' ~." . ~ •. _lIi... • 'h ,ll~ . lli,;dl5e~wlt·l1._ S t _'.ai.
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tabpmg Id::idih.g i.p·k~Ul ~.a'ka. ·seb~:I;fan. d.a :d. ~.a..p :mu:l~.i :ll'lI.e~~g~mlblUQ, :qe:ltljad:1 (a:j:l"~n.{kur.lre OC) sa·Q1!pa'rn. ItIti'l~ O .. DJ. lip~k":run! ~ai:[~:n njuu~~i wembeku.. 'T:irlfk 10 dhu~bu.'t I;,i~:il ti'ijw..ff y.aUu ~u'~Hu. ltii~k dli BllEIJW:m. rasa. :omp'~. ~;t _dan. ·"dalS"ll~:tU. ~f z bamoo:betS3Ima"'&1IlIUa .idalam k'ea.'dia:wo :keooJlim,ban:ga,rn ..

Ti;t'wk ·~~tll1"'1l,i;d sua~Ul ~a.'t Ildl~hi;b Siil.llil:tu !ii'tiJ:k d,w, mana fa:sn ua'p. ,c~.ir dan nei!CI:at ~[Ir , r'b erad II ber~ma-sanl'a d alinn: ,k~iu:l.asn t~S'e.[lj ln'balm.:~~n:l. I
,j
.

b~ Petu.baha:n 'WbjUd
Sh~jum ~ ,e:nefl;i, ka ~jO:f tef'len,hl. d l:pe:rh:l'k:-an un,~ ia.h L'I,k :mengrtdJ,a'h w uj ud sf!j'timdiid1, ~a t Ib!r~en'tu ~h:·I9·a,.g,ac~,t'o\h ,. :i.. pel;"lb~ha;n l~~Ud. ,ada ~a1h'p~rnbaban d afl. '~"u.j,ud. p~d,~,t, ,lice 'WuiJlWid calr" da.1d.'wujud cab~ ,k~ \vruJ.j'lld. uap" dan s!!ba@l}l!mf'a~
'V....

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r -, - -

d'l("

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;ot~riiin'..;I·· Ii! -,,:,,,,~, ,t ~an~_II. <~ '~engan.. assa Z-al~ 'I!i:e-~~,~L!L,. ... m
u , ,,' .~

d'ensam.::

IQi

= :kal,Qf. 1ft. di~lukaD 0) =

~fiJt

rU ,:; massa

(kg)

,Lf

k~d()r. ifM'l'M; 'pele·~iur.m,alla'!iJ1 ~lfJr.. ,[letnlf ;znt l~~5ebul.O/lqJl'

"alar l@bur Sblal~l,'1!;i t iJJdal~ ban.y.m.ya :lIGaLor y,an~ dtp~IJ,u'~an. e~tl'ap'kll-o= s flum, ,~CIi~ w'lu. u.nll't!ak m...eJebur 1>'Uida-titi_!k ~ebumv:.·. t J".~
~ l~'~

Se'b~ga~ CQIttottJ :k_a1orl~ten pel~ibur~UJ ·ttnltu.k Dlen.,J§,ubah e& .~~fl)jadi. ,~i["'pad~, 'oobnan 1. alU:n. adlal,~h,333,5 ,k-J/le8 -=- 7'9/}'

kkal/~~
KaloJ.' }ra;ng dihn;w:tul1.k~1l unhlk meJ1.gtl~b~h. cahr beTJl'l,u~. ~alt:
l~~''~!adl

gns, tan-pa Id~er.Ii~1 :p&lll,bnhm :sllh:jJ

,aga;~alt:

.... (-4,c5j d,eng~~

Q
rlZ

=: ,km;1[)1" .ya;DI dipe.f'~u:katri~0,),1'

:=.

ma~~ ,:la~(kg)

L .= kaler lal'en penBl;uJa;:paD a.tala :knlar gap zat 'lE~but,

]~gl)

0'1

F~b,8~~X

- -.... -.' '~".;IIi

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Idj~/~.

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l!94lli;1!! 283;~ 36~1

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3&8

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D;lenj'aai,

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I

a'i =: ~'J'c,_d,T =: 1(,1 k,g)~C~'OS.kllkg .. )\,(2OC) .. ~

Pan'as
,ir~e,'m

'= All

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I k:JJ.1 :serhl:n~n!iil kaloe ya:ng

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s'Uhu

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=
-

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iI!."

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L

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+ D\r4~.,8, -+ 2;2 6, ,M~J: M] QI =, 3,)1)5M] {= 3~05x Ul~ J,.

1

Pm:; ,s perubaltalrl"i!'5 :m~mIDadl uaJP im, di1unjU:kbl1, ,Pada, GFlm~' ,4·,,2 "

11
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Sua~lt1bendl, jH(fi diber.il<all :klllftl7' _am, ,~fj;adJ, pemboonn, (kooa1ik:aunJ ,SMU bend a:" :8:I~1iIa:il_{a,r.: uhu bend a :iri, d w,b)nQal s d!em.~n, pem,biin'fln ~Lk,w,nJjI,,(pemuiljan) b!nda ter,$i!biu,t. ';ada, bal,lan im; ,ak/an Idjooh.u h111:fang 11!'.feic pemrumilln 2at (helldi1)1 :ta;m,pa 'telijadb!Uya peru'baniU1. ,f~seZ!i:l,t'i 'Dalitm, perubahan, suhu,
J,iU~g'~a,tiI

'(:ermal da:pi}!t dJbllom,pokkan, :m'enijadi, 'd~ Y~lH:u:~ 'pemlln9:m;n. p.mij~nl,H (I'~nea![fl;'

'pemuaii'UIJ- bl~S;~~

:kKi11' pen1uaIan

tEunail, beFS;if~t ,limnear" ,Pem~lajan

peDluaiam

v()lunru~.

'0 p'~,mu:a'iarn ,Pa,njang

:Pa7daIQam,b_ 4~, di~ji~D, Sebp~, batang panjlUi,8U:y,a, .1.0' ,d_i,p:~na.6'ku:n :Sl~ih:~:n:gga, '~u]h.'lfiI:1ili1abed.a:Ulba,h ~Jelbe5a:r ,a',j'., ,Piemtl,[ij~i~n b~,tang',hlW1.y,~,t!J:iaI1gg:a:p ,ke' ',@Jlah 'pt1n~j[ln8a~n,g, ~

selt.mg

~ws.l;1!lbu't. ~uaj,~ll ~'m,hi~~t'. p '~taitJj,~le:ll,pnm~:g1,lbaj'kjmpem.umrul lee ,amll, :tad~aill,.'Bii!trutg memgaJl~ 'p.ertlbahan, poojM1,1

L\L ya.fi,R, s~bft[ldln;1 dBnl~ln pa:nj,all;S' B.u;if~,lfll dan 'be~r. kf!nmkainsuhu ,4,T y:J~tu-:
Sehe;5Bl'

b,~tiUlilm,ul~-

dJem;,iD ~et~pl1l1 k!ese'b~mding,itn a:d'isebu't seb~~, ~iel~

rlulcai

U'~~r.,

Koefi!ijeh, ,~]J~i 'tehna), be[beehjl~'b~a. '~;ul'tu'k.,~lt blib~~apa (}Ii. aJQte~F.I:~, dJi5~ji.kan. D~eh.'Titbe)

Tabel4;,.1.
,Z'ilt:

'Be'beTaHal Rihli. a b'e,tb;iIi~'ai Z'at. r'

I~

A.~I;Ufrdn'lJlJ1Jml

:K.un1nplll'
Temlbtllii

I.~~'t~
1.7
-,

',S,.

yT~G: b-elbeda;

blUI ~,.:~

Ge:las
(Ii e:ll1s lP:i'm~ :Karnt:kc:ms

3;2
910
'11.

E' ss
T'[mill. b"1 B!l:j~

51 29

ri~

~i'.."-l:.,•• "

'um~J~Z"''Il ~

'~,UI ..L/Jj'A. '

'IA

Bgrd~~r:l~alil, etSa'mill~Q (:~.6)~mal~3 p panjaug. ba'~ilm8 s~'h~lah.

,emufi:~a'ftadalah.
,1= L.a,+Af"

.f. = ,t. fl iP 2)'

a LlXl .

iii'i

••

:7)

Pe:m'U',aian Luas
"l',., -

Sm;rs'tu 'bend a, Up) 5: b~e([1bi§rn;h,dk ,hla,lnSR 'tln'1~e'ntq d~m,l:am, .. ~ - 'II -r d'" - L ..... -IL,~ . 'Ii". panr,a~1 'd ain ,Leit.!!talmt,ya.. ~ ~ ._JP;nniUi~,~ _, "sell,gD,II'D ,;~,bi,'U1Ii..,'.-II I~e!lu.a b letr.tarm,__'~L:_,.',_~'n· T menla,~:~._.....,d: ',.,J "'k 'p,tmu ~:~:~:n bhd -,;P T' -T La ~ 'I" __:. nneer 'tiUnyae~kan.seb:~~l ":~aka :pem,1I!l~1.~a;mlua5ilu. dapat: dimi[~
i

'c

:se'~gm ti.edKtJ,ti

'...,. (,I AJ)

- ~ -,- ' - d 1 Irl""'" $til-'k-".'-'u- , g_:ku- - - ;""",,,1"""t'" - .-,~'- - ,--',-~' _ f"
i

_'.D'-

,-dililllll

''IIIi'!'" ''-1.'"

·0

"'"

1Ei·-

'I'~-".£.~."!,--,

tlij,oeil'lfSl.11Ul mum
ro' "~

ii<

:~j;ms,a

:p~~m_~an (4.. ) ,m~nj~dj': 8

d~rll'Iilii,

--

]'

-"~om' 'j[;J!E:ii--, . I') iI:Onll"m~ d-,~., b-La'~',- -- 'Ii'> ka =..,.,...,.'" -, - - --":-- - ]'.,. ,. 't ," --, "'" ... -,--, ","" - '.... (-4 .-;J!"IE;i'iII:, • "itl .o J,,'~ - - ,t, 11...-"·'1j_cb-,',-r-,JIl-D-·.'l~C-) 1' ~ r::t}1 Sitfi,~a. ,5"I!!Cl ~ :'. r.o'.ri!Ue ,. _:' 1- .. e
Ii-· -

I.;

~1I11l

.'Ii.

"- •

',Ii.I~

.D:!.L7~!ID~

IcJl@ngan

J\,,= L
....

I\, ad,alah
,1(,
" ~,

l,thl~ :mn~I,-,mula :lu2Jmtru, ,~,g -dlthij,au

if,'

yaitlJ.

II!

L := J ~- 'sener;tl. d'ilhl,n,'ukkailil, l'):aIJda, Calmilball" tA·,., i!! r

G.mHlf· 4.4, ,Pmuild!i,n ~rtn'U ~l'Jdil1 .rJp.is, ~rhtRn}ik &,fJl." Rn:gkil" ,~~n~' L,. ~d Q,l,Itd'liiot'l d'Flurib~1ItlfO"1j)} 5.11.'.i1iJ'I~ ·dl~!l.I,1

tkn;snn ~£d.

3:)'
,1:]~[lIjll~'

P'~m',ua!i~'n 'VOlUffl'e
,J~.b,:s~u_alhJ,banda lbar.be:n:hlk Klt.bllls'd.elapn
'at
'U,kt'tf,f[f;t,

,51'51'~l

,:Ir.C'i'",,~S!i

1i:1lllL.lii ~l:~rM_llliJ_~~l~

,..:I!~ii"»'iifil'i~",l_

...." li:!ot:IJb:.....(f,ti\~ :e.,;;It,;,W"~:

~~.JllII,~..Jp·

iI',.,~~,~l!..,~;"" Q~LU-!Il 1~!J'u. l~J~WlU:ljUm;i'l _

,~=·1!..:.=~.~,,,, .;iI,~ ~~lJr '~Ii~

,~ika p~m,'uili,nn.]j'llf,ll" dUl'y,a,tabn :sebDlal 'rolu'm,e d_~paJlt, d'i!wUS~bOlill:

,maka, pemuawan

de,r1!gan:,

Vo :=! ~IJ ~ adalan 'y,wume banda m;U!1ii" mula, gebeiw;'fl, ,d.i:pana~kan,.

.' :I

.r=":__,..'_'-:./ '_,_,_, .
I

~ ~ .. ~
j"

a
Garmb'~' 4.,5, ,Pel\tHj!'1~J ~M6k d~\f~$'b~iI',.
E!u~bl mido'

~~,il'J.Q.k l~lJ~;;!

.',~~~I ,~jJF"I; ~mi~~4

1L.cl!?j

~iJ?I'i:tm Id~J~j

d'~~~' ~jl

Kerjakatl\

5Ba~ii!i9a'l.di

'ba,w~, Ird

daD
llt"'

d1s1"i'tlslim,' die.,pD, lu:nun.u~

I ~I

1.,~ P:ada '~ma'Sbn,~ln :reI ,bmt~,:n'i~"ii,,d,il snm'lbiWn,~ln, iJ'td. kemla iap" i ,.dn,~ a l,r . . r-.~.~;-t ef~-~ c)jl]eri 'fongs:a uCla 'fa., A,pal kai1tfln, bm I. in], deng'tul, P'~, pf!'m,naiM f:1el,,wem
IIij

'I"ii'p'i?'
_l

~ill.1

2:'. 'Sum'ber eneI'gl dad

memual?'

miU!ial

y,anlg :M'illl.y,liba:bk:cUllj re~ ke,~.e'm,

a!p'~b!fs:ebu't

~",,"-l:.. 1U~r-v·,~ ....''' ~ ....'elU''''.I 'IA ri~

Se:~rra,lll!n~t'ln~, ene,f.gi d~p~,t.dtbed_a):' :m,enjadi 'kn~b!mp~l jools ~lilUU,tmmgL radt~l!'ilj~, ,1'illVUa,!li~; me~ Iti!rmal,j' e~ekt11kj
'1~'I:i!'"",e;;~:IIi~ m'Ii"ii\'i, '!I"UI~ ,~'I...t'!Im';,L m' !u~iIll-~lt~-J. ~I I U~~ ~J~I'I JO,L.~ I JIJI'\cJi
i\"ii'l III'I!I.',

dapal.

l,e'rnb"aJb dfi;rl ~m jeDis m~~~,k,e'jenffis!e~f,g)i Fl~tmg~~dD" p, da l':auel 4.4 d w1luniju:kkan bf!ll,~ruJ.kpoilco\k enr!;l!g1.

'lL~l~""- "ILII II d ~a :Ii' .' '"Ii,i;'I;

~.I~L~-.L,~.,

-'li'IIlm

IiJII.._U!p.3U

~~~~

ill

"~""'i!IIlI!!~ £:.lIill1l;~!O~.1

Tabe1. 4AIo'Bentu., ,:P~k'mk :EDe~gi (U':sll!el", '][9\8,"

ge!~o~!Qb~ng w~dJ:in,j' (;~~a:y,~ ~~m:iP!lk-.i!' ruQ!fir~, me!rah", d~Q ~b~,gaJ~mr'!l

GiFaVUMl!i, Mekiilnilk Tem;a,(,Il
='

td.b"~ ~,iJ!Jill~lf.S~ni~l!.·' X

eru!rgiJ:i;n:~j~k5i ptty;i:ta~i,

~~~ak,an,

Fh~.T~~~Mli~,

P"i:1,11d,3Jn:~bag,tJ'ln}"a,

f'ner'gl ~inemk ,1),lo,m d,ilill ,m'~,'b;dbld

:E:lekbik
:~iilgm:ti!ltt;l
=,

Flled,an el~lil:ri~

,itYU:~'ele~hii'~1- ati. '~b~la,iin:y'ai d

nlcdiib, ~.,pe:lik,
eIDe'k~fi'lf1l

:!\401~:k:i1 'l

~ rl'i!,~.i; dlt1~iil(jtH'u:;hd,ul ~~It

,Atermik.

~ Sa-yo, ,lI'Il'ta]';,a ,~l1ltid',iillil

(mil:!!

....:nergii ikt'iJ~~MiI'tal;a In'!:!

;.if IE ~ m,c~

. . II '~l';:~,",~..l ., ~o ,~ta.U:mO\le!L"i;.!U@, ~I.~..... sual(-;u 'biJ!j];u(.'!j~~, • _:~al1il.~a1.J1 _J~!u.'

-1";,1" 'I.. _O , ya:~ l~"U~mpaJ!i;i ' ~D enersJ] 'ttuma'l" EntT:gi, t~rmam il1~, mhL!nwk e-Der,g:i ,ldnetiJk atmn b
'U-,-~I".

'd a,kJldJ:l. ~.a.Jliora..' .·~I~'I.

,~. II 'h', ' :Sil.~iI_,

"" ... ~ If..·c":' lie IIIl.. energll, sam ue.n L'U!r!i., ~:', ,,-'~"

~"

,"

'"_ ~ .... .....:a' ,1I.' . Y~rp3Jt L ~-e:ir,Ph,J,Y.;illLn oan

5'1labn retll'[Pil:t ke tempil'~ laln

dengan, (af,~ ,k{u,r,d~j'hi~ :km;,~~bi~

!i~ntnili~si(pIi'~i',OtIrll~U")t,

Pl~rla,perpfJilndaha.n k'a~,QT,s~c~,m:!a k:onduksl", lerIDergi 're:r,m~, d.ipind®Jbn ,mw,!Uui ill;t~rab.ii,aI'lJta:ra akJ.m"'"iaiiom, ~:bl;u:n";tol1ekP], wal:mupun, atom,·,ii:tom a~aJju'moJeku~ Ieme~'lIi:t ,tidmlc ber.pm,d,ah., 'Slbii,lai 'COOltiOhi ~ebatJin,glOI:ilflFl, sa:rumh ~.h.l ujiungifiya dip~asj :i. =,~ '", II" ..j"' 'l., '~~'" '-I L;" 'iSl.."'U1i'ltng U,liUlin,1 y,m:i,1 JaIn u;l,pelaiil,g, mauj;;i1Il malK]'n ,3cW.a ma:rr;:Ul pan~s ,ptI,a ... 'ha;~. uj~' iIni D!dak 'berl.'ruultrun,gm mnnl~tU'iI deng~Fi" m;pi:j1 se~~lj dhUbJ]:'ukkm1, pada Gllmba,r' 4j_~6.

Ca_mhr.,4.fi &in~I,'~~ ll!lJI&; . a;iplllfnstn'~it ;ill'd6 $11n/~' SIllfi ,.Jfli.n.,~i

Perpmd;ihnll patlaS se,ma.ca_m mUd ya:m,s: d'_bu.t kDnd~l;k!d., II'. d 1,.,_" d ,~...:I " "~l" 1"iii.." ~~, J:'IF;;JOIil'(;luI, a:p11t UIlli~e'u~USLllkan, . ~~JU!~I~~!L!'r.w~u;t
,f:, ...
I.

'IIO~===============

PerplMQLhln b~o(f' seea:Ni ,kal~u:biksj, m~~alm suatu 'b"aha.n

tertWl'tU d,a'p~.t d,i,ltella:rfgk:a:n dengan ,G~taran ait\Qm.·atIQ,m. at·au.
n\!:'IIt".:I~. 1~_.Ir]IU,;U

·If.'!AII"III'ii;Jj:k·•. liIIll T!i'!II.".~•••;!.. .•. L!90L,eII....... ~-~~!J1 ..._ ·~_. .. ~!If!IfIidl_t:IIi.:.W, :~ 11 UM_~}~C~~~'I.~

'G::"'~'IIIIJII'b- ~ ...
,I!!!!~_~-!!I!il.,~'

.it I"; -:Ill#'

,..:Ii·; 1i<11' 11i'111·'I'III'I'.. :I~'9i'If.'Ii' U~l!l~-~~ !!!,111 ~~,~~-!Il ~

~_ISM!p-

;Ill'''~

suatn ba.bJD;,gpen.g.hi~nlar k,a,.~.,orcy:tJl:I!J;g .hon~ogen. da'fl luas t penampal'l.gnyil .it. d.ml~ns;;l~a& :i;a.bl ·ul~.ul.g ba/~! te'l.sebu,~~
u·~pef'UJ: an~~ 'PQ~l~:s~a;tu ~!;;lU.u:.tmggJ. \m1~:.:.,:!ya~.: .l.\ll~m1g=, __ ~!~ --,~! :- ,.--"~"-' .... '_'I-'-~:"'J'ill::'l_j1 'c, ~a n. 1Ji,~n.ga.n ,~] r y ~.n.g .m.~ngIB1.1-\1 g an ...• ,un,! .. .".,. ".',' tiI]1 . '. Ia Ul. :,. J u,ga.
.;,'I~ ..,l' . ..

i-h

1 ~,~ ...

.~ .. "L

- i·

... ·1·....

am

'!L!,.

clipe1dahanb:n padJa 5I~'ruJ rendab (mi~;~lnya" d':ih'U!b~mi~an ~~ 'baifrJk ~ ~q~danl' .men~ah)~, .Pei1bed_n 5Uf1.u. km.UtI. .:"-. '-. 'h-"" a, .. :' -..,,]..c '4~''.. ..... ' .:,. _, -],b." , ,_ ... iIllllUfllEli~nl .mel,ly~~itU!N.imI, en~:I!I' I!~nll~, ~in:lS .meiAe:rUl5.at... 1. ItIi.iliU! cUkon.d.tiksimn ll~"fal 'b\Q\]~,g'te:r~e!but,d'ari u,irUlflgJIMg 'pmas ~e 'Ujoo,I' rama: dinli,fl'I., O1ruam. ~€Imld~lan mal1.lt~1P',. suhu oomA'lb, ~.~ ~~forfm d_~ft 'ujUillI '}'a'l15 'p~ ke :ujurf.lg yatll mt~gm~ Laf'u _:peru.bahiiln ,suthiu~~fM]lfWng baJt:a;nl ,a,1/td d,iina.m-akIllR ,I'mdl'fti s m'efM,~,kall bm.ljan k.edl dan batmlg' pe_nlltlinfa1' 'yifnS :pan,jmlg:nya &" dar~,AT odii!m 'bed.a, su:l:~!U ptldar u~u;ngUjUD,g bahlns !I1-epef,tl dUun.ju_kka:n :pada G'ilm:biu~' ,i,lO" maka ju:m,~,e,hka.l"u' y;~ng dTh.p;h1.daJ~.;iul secara kond'Ll.ksi lewat pot,o.;ngan Ibersebu t ~j,a.:p ~a,lu SB.t.'lliUl \V~'khlof.seen.n.g d:i:s~,but sebapt arus mrmai ,Iada~all (Ii'p'],w;~, 19911l,
.iIi-...( -. , , .-: >6", - - ", I' -, --. ,-

I'~'~~"i

.,l iCIi"'iiJ'.~ ri~

s;l. ~=.U·bUi~.~~~

.=: ar~s

tetillfLttlJl

d~g~

~Nam, 'wfdl .a,bJipW <lS"'I)

:bIDor ya11l,di1Pm~Hn. 5ecarnJ konduksi: .o} .,,,~.~ lama en,e'r'gi t:etmtal dJ ikion.dLuik~:fk<iul .~ e;Wa I: 'hi a't'lI:fig: ,penlh~n:t'a~' (5)1

il'Q'~

luas 'p~ni:'i.l:lta~l batitl1,g ':peDlhfjJ~;lJi:~':m.'2) (

,tilm
.~

iii'

.iPanjail:\g 'b~/tillll:'pml,pillnl~t~ I(m) bed_B ~rllhu pilida. u~un.l-uj~' ba,mng p@1"ilban,tiif:' 'kelv:im (1(.)
1

- 'kof.iWstain.ta k~bandill~n a tt1,U ym1;~ d,is:eaut .koe:fisiel1, kand:IJ.l(Hv.~'l'as,ter..maJ.at~u kond·lJ.liclti,vi'tas wrmil,l (WD.tt ' per lmeter .b!h:r.m a,t:l~lWln~K) ..

. _11 ..l,Hl. ' .... L '" ~,•.'L . !i'j'" d _- .- _,J,:::. ~ JI!.. , ,m~ aftl$i teDmw U,u;,~til;l~i,lU _'I'~- 'ti,., d-,8 Swdt ,.4:,: ,: ap'ahnp.eroJeL~I_ mW!I.La ,ue J"L...;.

,C"m't'hll' 1,;-1~ ,'~\1~'!lilft~JI'mm'Jmcif" iettl'l~g ~~gJwJUl!Iiil' tTip1~l' 1~9,U. ..

d;~[i persmnam 4,,12, yaitu:

,-

A'r:;~l=m '11'"".\'1,. ,ft;a,

M: -

denig~ ..R adalatr., Fte5i'iish~IPiS~, 'l-erma~~ yam! :sanl,a,de~'I;-~' U -ii ,- _ d...'''IhW ,,,,,,,,,,,," rt. ~t.",".I,.. ,,,,,.,..1"'iFOI,,,,,,, 1ilIJ!I-'" ,~...... I,.I.... I!:'" JO'!~Jl). ] '"'""" ~-~_l.IJUh:;J,J,· ,\.A..a-IJ'l __
__1__ __

---

AT
i
'~j,

f'!

,-

il•• ,

.;, )-lI.~ ..

~.~

I,

iI'1I,", lPIiI~,¥.~ill~_KV..liI.-

I[."'-·~II, f~~"lUU:

i'

,NiU:ai-nilai. '~dukliVi'lli5 ~ltU:[~ 'labe.~,IJ)i'

termR~,bel~kuillpm bahaa ' ..

'.

ditoojuibn.
-

IUdi~n~,I1, ~~, (21 15,

Air' (i7'~,) Al~iniu:nJl. '1'mtb0_P,

Q~0:261

0,;59'2 ,
iO ..(;09

2~3' 4:01,
3~1:8:

::Em,!l'~ 'Ies.i
'fim,lah

80,~·

::Pem'
"_ -.r~

3':J:
~i!9'

'iBilla
l~,a'1U,ik·~Q~k~ ICe.mla[;lli "p'l;I:uih
'~lf.l,

4.6

O~tS
011.-,,"ti'Ii 1-':~~',. ~~ Q_ 'II (II ~Ii

Gel:i15 --,

Oi1..;~lOl~
• lP ...... -.

SUA_t-u p~t~lt asi, mempmyai b

'l:eb\l_~:~ e~ dan, .~uu· pt!~m'ubm ,MOll Ian,;!Salah. ~

.a ,,

$laootv.'p~~~ubamlyab~~'i:~l~, ,~~~~~doo"llp~~~nUk~~~ F8 ',~:mhi''~er!i~~,~, -~~/I .': ~.s1 m.e:m,:pu:rn:ya~ .~OJ;WWti\d'lJlll1lS ',~I);,mw C~ :5~esar :cuit~ .'' ...' :mii~ ,dJn,I,,~jiU W jwmlah l\;:m'of' jfil11ig 'mellahll. ,pela,~beii !ersebu:t. 'liap ,~~nlm'Y'I~ _ P:eIt~'le',le's'~ :.,' ~ 1,11'1::' 'L. ,. '. D "m:eta,I~L\U~ :..... - SO,,! W ltn.1K. Ax ~ ~ ~, ._. "") 'W l{'lj~ m u .,
C:'~I~" 1.1;, ~. ~~~I.~.
'-=' ~ .~;

.A.
,OJ:
.Ii""

!UX)O

C~il,~ ~

~
'=

'(12~ ,~

-Kwvm '= 's~Jil~ :C~Jd.~.).

'aOOre ;;; a,c (F-el"~~.~n u:nru'k skn~a suhJ1i1

'OiS

m2

~~Iil"liO-: euatuhi'; ..1l." A:e'U:J, peDJIDl8-S a:ru~r m'~D:punya:~ "~ua5''w em. :!!! IIO..,.L~] ii'iIi I~ em, m...-b~..::I- , ~,i~_ Up" lifer. aeaaan antara 'peJ"'mull~~aan yang kena aJ;pl J:an,g,s;w'lg ,d,an :pe'lrl1J\uk~~n, d~,rnam:y~U'l;g' be:IWQlhihan, del1ptt ,au' adaiaiht U)~c'"A:~'bna- blpr' ~di~'ba'tkan" sebesar 1,0,J 'tiap ~korrun,ti.. 'm'aka hiwnglaih :ml~ :bnpuKti\1i:tHJ: bahan, 'rer.seb~It.
b",,] " '_ ;, , ~~_ , ,_.

-P~mNe'I'£~d:fIQ',"!
'Ou:.o - .....,l.-- ~'_"'""..' ,.,~el!i;(llu'u;1.:: a.t.
.ill
A,

~: ,1i!'\.JI:_~," UF~
_,

nfL,
"'T'i'!i,1
bIIi..I.Jll

~. y 1,i'iIi"iI_, ~lj; ,'i;n,,_,,', 1\"' ,iJ!,'IiJ ,1,1.1.

~, ., ~ ~

:"'00

_, ii!'!Il {'lUI. m'

--.

!U,~

,L

aT =:10~C
J =: '10

Is
k := ."".?

Dilimiya1KMi: K;gndu:kti'vitsi 'b~n,

l{uf)nb,~ :K~pnd.'l;.:ddivi,~as bilban d~rp\l~' ihittUl,1 d1i,U1s;an ,m;elll,G,tlb1ih :tIlLmus pti;d~ d pef.5am~i.i:n1(4.l2) YM!tiJ'tUH

!k':=.l 'AAT

, ·-T

= ~O)(''4.w ~1Jt"":2 x 5 x: 10-3

10

k ,= {MJO§,Wlm"fJ,C = O~,OD5 W/.nt..lC

2~ ,P'errplnd:ah'lR,:K:IlI'U'F'

!:l!1Cara

:KulnV'l!k:si:
'~-~~l
,lO,

'koRvebi., Apa'bUal ,air yfing: berllrlhal

P',~ a G'a.m,t. at 41~'8i d'Hu:"] :yJ,K"k;arn. d ;C!'~I~'~;ib.,~ ,~.A'rl!'iiIlio,.n;'iIl.., 1¥m~i'l'll,d-!':'!lI,L,~,"" '-k~'lliI"Ii'r' 1If!~!~lfr.~ ~~I:JI/l,-U, !bo~w,lI;ilLivllnl sO -'-"F OillrL~-".-IIl' - ·'!allljl·
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-d'itbHf:JI,

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pt'~J~J,!d~MiJ~ mi~1!~m' konVG'bF.

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dan
t~,rse~tNJ,I"

'pa:rtik~l ,air 'fod~ ,~,as~f' .g,~l~~, rmentnima_ ~or leb~h ~i-!.1~1Ii, ~~;a :meBjadi :p~~

.o.sep
Kon:\~e'ksi: ~da~~all, 'proses, pefiPindu~n, k~lo;r meWaW:w, SIUM,tu Zit ,yarn.' dis:e:r.tiij,

de:ng;m p~r.pmda'bm, pm[-ti\oi!~-ipa~t1'lmmclJilr,t Mr-5eb~lt :

_Pe,:~:p:i:nd.ahan k~ lor fH1!)ca'raik:ollve~ksi terd.i:r.i d ~:rl n -,nn"'·- anan 'I'~ ... -to"",; -1""'-~ rL,pakss :r~-r,m: dahan :ij:]"~~ru~9 ,~lI;iwi''!jf'e',f;,'.o:!!:Il .,ii1II ,aon'!II'[El.'U]. _ iJlqBI ..
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'pal(5a'~n, ~emada;p, "arl~i~el.:bersul~,'U.

tersebut, C~t:l~ob. dla,ri 'p,e<rpiwndahan kal'O\l"

iGa,uiI/ba:r ~.L9.

urngw

SieC~'f:,a,

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dm\l~oon, :rfle5m :m,o'biffi dit_un~;Jlklkm;;;~~3,

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,pm!tl.1!':~il qi}lrlnfu;,n Jinj!m~ p ~~')!m' a~3rn~~. k

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de"s;an!
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Pen,e~e8~dfl", 1

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= ~'~:hA4T ~i " = (Ii Wrnf~ °C"'1) x (0 Al,s,m,~)X <20°(:)

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D~[(bl'e~[,~~h pedesaan.

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te emerlw. y,~fil'lain dBl~m. ,keb~d!upan ,sm~ttl~hilrH

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p.!eU]r~h~an $'Ui)}~~loolild:a u

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secara umnen. gil]a..n 10,< e <·1.

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,'eW't.-.~·~UJlI;!\II"~'" ~-;l_.1bif g_~_~l

Vi

'bol:~,b~ de~G,fJn lti~nY'ii Soo Iysm diiP_illSIam 'Mm.'Pit1, s,uhu 1,~~ ' :8ola besj, b!~b[~I~'dhnrasukkan,'1m da~a'm ki}]~lril lEd{~nl[l1.iitIm :rans; ml~i_~nya, :2lXl gmm, dan. 'befcisi mr y~g miissall.ya 600 g:rll!m 'ya~1,murua.'..mula suhunya, li~C ..,Kalot Jenis, a;[r adaiIDih 4l~.la kJl~g.. seaang.taln"f i~miiS alu 'mini Ulm, adalm~, ~ '0),,00 klllk,~,.~., Suhw. k:eieUnlItmmgan ':aJklMl: l~aJJnptl1!\~u~ ad~ab ,l()lC., Beffla,p~ikah, bJor j~nJ9,'bes~l~but:?:i
'bbl,

P:enYi8l,;l\S!',I1i::U1U
P,elllr~m.~~hm"t suhu a~r ~da.~ah20~ ~ l.~C :;;;;;; ,; maka. k~lo:~!" ~C ,'~g: di~~p'

~ir a~~bda}t:
n :~ III-it l.tJ' eAT ~!J •.
ill

= 'n,~"~p'\l4tl(ii' kJ/k:""., ~C'.." \,.12, I},I"""'\' ~ol \ ",.

'\_,,.,.,..

. '0'

J-\-

'!;".;.}

C"

~.:~.2-. ;;,;!'il""/- .. kJ'

at

Oem'lan,

lC1a:ra s~nl",1!JIj1!' jru:mllHlh, ,k,al,ol' y,i£Ul,1 ,d!j'~erla;p.kale:mg ,n~o.minlnm,~dalah:

:=. R,fA~T.~ ~,

(a~2

(O~,OOO k:Jl~g~ ac).,(l ~)

:=

OJ6, :~JI

Pe:t.-:Ilb~mn,suhu ',:;H:li1: bola, b~s,i,ad\ala~h 1100, ~ ,~ 20 ~C '~ 80 yMG dhilepMikm ole!], 'bola m.i. ,~dI11_~ Qi1 :~ ~1-,rlrc~,4T~ '(O~-S :~S).,(c~).~,(8CYC.) = 40. :kg'..UC
':ii'

ac'

dan 'k,id.•lf ;

:Be'~dft5adm:n,~s.as Iln~ckjijumlaih 'kalor YiUl,:g' d ~b_r·jk:a:E:i, Q~f]:l,nd.~ '~besi, sema l den,p:n jl~,m~ah, kalor yang dltet.ma, ,ellen air du ,~mleng ~dumimum S(!Ili1!G~' wadiillhn,ym ,sebi;m'Gp::
Q~ I;IQ~~
40.

at

kl"~C = ,5.~OZ~'

0.36;

kJ' ,=' ,5,;aa :kJ

N:Uaik~o;r j~tllS' bo~a, ",.yai'tu::

lC'~'Q
it' =,

!l.rfj ~

40 k:g~IJ!C

J,.Jfj ;..~,

]('m'

:=' =

it:'ii 'i ~.Ii:~ !{J'\i!' J,.!OJ!t~

'~'J.. !r!i.O"

·1tA/'··~~'P' ,· PC"'
"

air d'i,PfiIlii_[ik~n5~·nl'pii.~~ir ,me.ndldih., Je ]~,S,kii.l1 p'it\O'!Ni!5r :FH~lr'.p:h"dan an k.al'lo.;[· :y',m n,g, 'l.'e![ia.d·~, sehl:n,lU;'ii, menyehAb:k.iUl oil" d,alam cil!'~et men.didlll B~I&ima,Da, :k~LOep\ll:aD did ~h ait In~ar",l 'e\m~ yan,g, dUu;tt:I,p. dan CG':Nt.:)"IID,g' djbul:al m;tu,p(l:llym"? Dj$klJsffibrdah, ..:i ~~_1!" U!eng~rn,sum ,~wlan.f
i,

Ce.ret ter.se\bu~' di.'l'.amb

$ua,tiU, :l\ze't:ikm kamu

:meliltJa.~ ibu,

m. ,~tas 'k«mrpM. las", lalu

m.eiJlla:n.Stis'kan mIt

'Yang cU:tartfu dalam c-e~eit ..

'&epaIO(I;1I ~1!m,btf~ml, di)tbtl1,ke dar.'l ket1nll~~nl m 490 ittlS ~antt'd. KAllor yang ih!rjad,j- karrf~na pr'(}se,s mmbtfllk:u:':i, d~n.,GlJiD ~arn,t~isell 'i!:Uliif 00 % djse!i~p aIm; te:mbaliM. JH<ii, ka]m,' jews, temb.,11 =: 410 J I~I ~Cj1ptu~'~paltitn. lralvjltas~, g
1

en

booli, llD :ml r" m~n

St·

:I;d tu.laJ1, kenilikan,

SM'U

~~mbl(gn. (UMm~N 1'99,2 rayon

,CUI

, ~ine

"'_."I ,~ W~J1IlUDlj~·~;,a' 'o.'I-*r_U.'I_".1111!'!iijl nJ K" ,1111I,1:~,I\,:;!i"lU!i_,

RaUlll!'~ __ g,g~iI!! _
,_1_

Oi lbe,berapa ruas jalan di XQm V:ogy'11knta, IIE!jan dJbMl\glDru s~,'tem lilmpu :~'afu ~il"lt~ y,~n,g mem,Ggu~k~n, iene'rgru, itrliat:~ha,r~" ,apak~h.l~.da pa'FI~ 'yains; ,hi1BDg "~Mija,ptoS~5; :m;H;:l~~g.,ulaa!l en.'~i~&i, h.h~.ir,ip,ada htmpu P~,&~,f.ur.~!ijnnp'u, :ma -- -- -r- ," 'I ]- - :i~ -, ~ ·'-·'·'1 -pen~ttiLT' J_il ,li,]: ~:m:r:a~:1IIlll,;,

'e>isJ,"f..: ,e;ul""}.',.t,,,;II r~ ~••.: IU~~~l

v A

1,.

:t:;i1I ~or' ad;,a~ah "bei1,h.l k, aner,gi, y~n~1 '9 dj,betikmn oleh bendol "ymg bu.subu

:Kn'hn: ~e'btu:adaJa:h 'ba1n'PMiknya '~,iil}ar.

Ulii\gg,ii ke b.:n

eta

:ljenda~h.,
Te~r:[!ru.;)ml!tel'
,ild.a

va ng

b m:r,su~h[l
b~l.~,'LUl t U,k

YMlI di;perhakmllitarp 1 kUogram ,m~ unh1ik. mete'bur pads, 'tl,lik lj2bu[n)"a~

Ti'lii k ~rrupel:suatu ~ii.t ada.1a'h, sua,tu tUitk d i'(DiUlaJ ,f:~U;,iI llip... ,C.i:h,,' da n
'i,

t-tl h

'(1

men,g,~l r W~[I~:s~~aJtUJ. benda ..

1

,4.

s,

1,.

Fika, bends ,/t, dan 'bend a B :m~,sln8" :m,,~1Shru.g berada d ~h~n',lk e!ad.a an ll.~ It!~)iQ:!r ua;p sua hI ~il.it: "a.d~.la'b se~1 'termaW ldengp, 'bend~ C'~ ba.my~~:ya. kalar yan,g' ,dIped.'ul<;:I1.m; ,~eUap ,kiU.Qgram :z~~,,~ :ihJ. umtuk m~ be~,d!~,1\ dan bemda B bel'~a !f:bda:w k.r~jda3J:n, :seli:urujban,g; ~~l,~l ~gUJf p~da 't:i,~k:midiltn:1'~~ arnt2U:'a 'a!J:ru, deBl'litnJ rlltft~gI~:irt. :mata:n~ Dfilileht,g,ala 1.. :pe:lr.·ull,~th;niJ. m :Bt.a.;~cu: j en iss U,I1: tU :zar~ ad,a; lah pam~~I; sebes,ar ,Al yAnl' ~e'bafidm,g deni~n pa'njnnJ ·ba;l·am,g "ntl~ii;-:m,u~n, ~m.n"i1,kil.y'D 'ka'tor :,;ul,l: dliper1ukan. ~ d 11I,Il, bes~.f ·k.en',iiik.eJJn s;u'hu 11.T atau dUepa~,k~'n s@tW!iI:P kwl.'o,S·f, a:m ,;njt~,~f l. = d: I.{ld.,T, deli.gaD 0::, d";~ & m,8_5$il: '0 n.h,]k m.en.itiikk ~:n ,1:,tSJU menurunkan SUhllJlfli . a satu ke.lv.lirn ~UUJ~ 'seba,garu mefiSrl!N ,~lUl0i lin.ea,r • d 'L, . a:tau, S:8'hJ, def,ajad Ce']shJs., ia, ~. 'I..J uapilfl~ 'II!.. ,ri>;.(Jwor 1~lerp',m' an dl' su ~tlli.l .' ar~ Il~mpa,tb f,e:mpa;t laLm deugarn: ,olira, .rlStft;: B:l'~'!,k: kalor )1'a n~ d i,be'fikan koo,d"u k&<i, kon'veksj d a~nfa.diasi oleh bend'il yall g' b I!J"S"Ubu, 'Un:Sgi (pa-oear.,a'[~).., sama :de,n'8,a:n, kidQm: Jf.a!Ml'g d:i lerlmJll ol,eh hend;l, yilTIg 'b~tihu. rendah, '4'01 hrpi.ndlahan, .Kalar: ~GaIa, ,~pmd'Ubi, K~se'I.;~;rra~,", orl .zJj..e.11 ga,11l, j'ou lie l,~,] ~daJj~ I~iU~~JFri~d.ah~, E!!Tl,ergi, termaJ, adaIah: 1. bIiOn == ,4:;,18 :iQu~e:atau. ,_ melalul hlteta:k$t ~mt~t :a~om,"aJlb;lfI. ., .".,~ II"iI 1"!jj"1 'I~~,~I a t~:u :mO~'Il:'h,~1l Ita:n:pa ~diset '~.per.-· ~: JQiUl!l-e :=' !l;ioi"~'!Ii ,~~0it'I. pbl.d~_: ;aitcn:ri~ll,o\DiJt ,atalf :~,oJe~ul. k~[p~sitas, ,ka1'D,r~S'~'u~~l:~, ardalah IbeJ,da,
l
i
oj

..l d ptl~l,at, b~ra·,a. b€'riani1.a, ..s~ma. ~, 1 urua:rn. 'I~...,!I ilL, Jh ilIl_g;~f!!j.. ~ea'Ual~n,~.ese;tirn~·

,~uD:ll.1a;h. kaJm,(Jt' ,yang d:iperl~:il_

at~j~

lt~but.

d:b~l~likka;'l~a 1~J1l di tu r·tl:Q:~la.n~~lu, Kel\rin, ,a,tau sa~tl dt@itt'a,i~itlld. 1(:'elsi[B.,

8..

dilepa~bn jila suhu bend-a- ~~bUl~

,A:r~si~,enna~ kQnd'l,i~ (l~ju. h~tm.'taran. .k"aTer) I, ,a.qabtb;

I:.al~o;r.' Y'iU1ij: 1d,ibu,ltu h.ka:h un ~uk

m~fnbtd;lZ_8,t: pilda!' yan,g 'B1~ssanLya m nThml'~:adl,Cillirm, 'fan.'nil n@;rublhm
,

Sll!lll'U~nl,y.m, ,ada:lah
U,i,

:Jditlmah

= 7';,. E.." d.rig;M m,assa, zat dan 1i adalah

"QI

,~

l~

ka'[.o,f' latlio p,eleh u,;ran, a'mu k~lor

:IJebu:r.,z-a~m:r:H!bu~.

15,," :f~rp~iiFi.d~han kaler se~r~. ko,nvek&i

De:RJ;an ':h~:~"aJ!' t@rgJlllltu.Dg pad D,

wa:r:Ill:~: pe'l]'i:tl~a,ii~, benda,

adalab 1Fu!'rph'jui}ah~ul ~er.,I,~· 1~,T:mal me~f1,tuw,:[~ref.i, iOl_~ a~'om-a;tO'm ~ ~,~a,u mGII,ek~1 .d@'ns',~'ll, d iser ta 1 :F'-'f"l"1pbl dimh,a n a 'ttnll,-,m tom it ta u :IFti,o:~Je'ik111 tersebut, A YUiS fe[:r'm,a] :kJarrvleksL (~.a,jD :pelpmdahiln ki'tIDor.) I adalah!

'Q ~ l' ~ __;,;;., ',,1\ 'T

M
iiiiiiiiiiiiii

n,g be'l'w 8::t::I:iW,fi, bU~lm,semplULfraa ,mliJi~, ~[.= 1"·~d.3n,s; unklk bmlda y,i)'l11g btUvJ',I'mii pill ti.h s!,!rnp[uf'Jul .nihil e (l'.. Jiadi, nilei emisffi,v,t1IiiS e 5eCiJr:a um,U,m, ad~]a'h~ ,i) 0(' 'lie I u_~~ __

mu k8,~n benda

"ii

PelF.-

a.

&

1[6,..:bdl~si 8Jd1aL~'h, :perpmdal .. n l~lof ~ dad pe~,u:ka"4n,su~hl,benda dah .. l n

bem:tlik g,eloQ~ibang e.l[e·kb:'anlagJletil'~ En.'ergi: Y',a,Q;g d~,pa:ru:,~.duu!l, ~ta'U d~i:s;e!I)~;f per :s;~.h!iUUll wa:!k:hJl IN;~'r
sa!tuan luas 'banda iiildtalah::' ,P =, ~' ,a ~4,T"

Kerjakilio, di

'b'llku IlI)gI&

btia,a!:

A,;; r,iUhld, ,~;d.iaitu j3l,w[aba:n y.aag p,SlUng ~e.pal: liIe,nlm s

'm;!~~mJbedta_Rda,:s~1ang00'

:pa4a.·.h;mul a, ~b~,d;, a:la:o Ie! c;

![ill!l

...j

.IIfU I~D '!!.:!I'

,GC'" ~ .....

, e,.

n ,f)'c.' '.

2".

Stla~tl bahlItl 'b~i. :parfRIja:n;gnya., 1.m, k:etika s~uJi'u 'b~[titfi,g ba [a d iln~ H(,k:nl! dari. suhu 10 °C ,merri,~adi1000,( ma ka p-i~nsba mn,B b'e:rl~mb~,h 1 nitWit., '~rapSJ 'pe~~'2im n. ~~ha ba tan,1 baj,il, yang hll i0 'r,mn,g pa:nNalii\Gnya 110 em Q,Ui}, dipnnaskan. da:ri, ope' s~ltm.pnw "tZcPC ".,'
1 i

a" rn,;2

:m.m

cL. I(]I", 7,2,

:m.ml.

b, 1)~5 nun

e, 1,2 mm

e, O'~6mm

'i

tIHk diJdiJh: ab: ad a1ah ,24U.)"X~BU~ su_atll 'benda, dink}ar d~n,p;t;1i, t,efiUo.me.~ef! (::~eile:i,m :sUhun"11 5rPC'~ m_aknl bHa, ,d~'I'il1,,,,,'Ii'iI" 'dl~-~lInl '\! ~lil_I.;·1 Uill~:l ...I... ] _:~II~:laJ ah '~]..
. ~ "'JL~tljd_llj . Cd l-a'1Ii.'II.:.11II

,P,ada~ua,tu tm:,Ul.Qme_r x, tink 'beta, ,air.adabh

ltJYX tiM.

'~'''''iiI'[i''IItf.iil-~,'''' LICIL 11~~.~Itl:lI"G\~_lI;:tiJ

tAl

,e-'IiliL''IU'liiiU':rti

,!'II•

U;UI~J_-

lii!iilil

a,

80 b, 100
,;se ~_Q

I~.

d. 140 1"'0
~D'
~:.,~'I'!Ii'll'III,
~UJ-I~J~'

e, 12:5

4.

camJpur de-up" air yarn,g, .mas-samt1il, lU.kg, siUth!D!fllya e,~c, . .J:~b!(ti.ketahut '~aJom;'j"ems es O~ kaII g 'nc ;d;an ka:~qr '~.w:r es. sO ,kat/.g;!' nla_:_k.-a: c,am,u:ra'll' di. ,~,'ta:s mm(,a1pa:~,,ke(l:d~ait'l. a kh:ir' beflupa m.' a, es se'lu~'~y~ d,e:I1,pnt ,s,ufI'~:,. :-=:: UC b, ,~ dan air deng~'Wt :suhu = IJC
~!

~-'bUl~IL, b'~I""f'I~ ~ '.__!Q{i,I. , "~JU5..,

1I!....a;["m"
U~",

'~~!.e'iJ
I~

.fii i:, I!...er: ..lnll!"ll'II"';;'IIn,

V.'i-~
~tll::ai"D~-~dll'

".I,f'it;ii""" 'd;.. ~u-r~, -: .1, .

1C.

air'sel'mubnya. deng;an. suhu f _ I~C d. air. den,gm, ,sllhu. I' '_ 4iP~ iE!'., es dm~n sUhu t: :=: ,-4:uC Z'a't ;cair' :b.e:r..m;a$.~a.10 :~B~ d~,'p·M\aJsl\;:an.da;r~; ~u~hu: ,2S)i3\~ SaJm·,~j: 7SrnC memer:m·u.k:an. ,p,an,m;Si s~b~saf' l)t , ~-~oru18., ~]Olr. J~n~s,,zn,t,ca~' t:e:~bu!~' adalah. .',i;, a ,. laO J kg'l 1<01

5.

b. 400 J :kg.3 Kcoi C,' ,600 J kg"1 ,r:c..1 d ,!C!nn J 'Ik.~ IV.I Ie:. lmx1l' k;g.~' K~~
I .,!i;l'!;;!!U_,~ ,iJ"!;;,

6."

Agar ~er.j~diJ<~e.timJb,angiUl. pa~~~. 5.[)!tC,. .,' ~imtallr :;;'ubu ...ll~ ~~oJ"'!! b ,....Ji'.. ..JI 'I,:' '..~. l~ ~C IY~, ,.;iU-~ narus uK'am'pur' uen,pn ,,;J' ,l.lrer aJl!f'ul. _w-' i; ·
"]I

a .. 4 IL. b".l9J·L
i~.,

'7;5 t,

d, 10 L
7.

U:ntuk: .r:n(!naik~km':s;u'hu a.luJm:udum ya'f:l.g ,m1e!MIFHxfiya:i:

massa 2,00 PaJUl, (l~ri :~C lnen.i:adi 75;oCdli~rlu:btn ,MOOjotde. ..Olleh 1mWl'ita 'i l:u, b~(n~ a)'uMinium jenj<Si •,," J ,levI ~IC.·I.' IQl
1
I.

:~~CJ.r

mll:lah.

S.

~!42J

d. 1610
,e'.

'b.

" '•. I~ Oil, U',!~,

14'00

c",14D

0,

,lPada sa~ft. ,~ir. ~m:l:tm:b~k,\t 1!r;mom.'etJeif )C, menut1j;ukk~:fi b a~n,gkii,,-,1, C~X!f Pla,d,1 stlla't' .air mend idih ,gte;l:ii:ul?Ij,dltka:n.
l~ll1"g'ka, :1 ~:UJ~IXi [Ika t~r.,m:o~meltlel" eleius 'm;e11iJ'un,~11]d(i'i'n C
I

l~'u1...;kl~' 3'IJ~C mala

~e.r,mome'bn· X lilcal1, me:nunJu,k.'lkJfI'n. d... 4Q~X e, 4&X

,8'Dglc:J, ,i,''',', a, 3fjDX

b, 35 'C'~ 37'~5,oX
Q1 )(:

9~

[) ua ba;t.an.:g: A dall, B den,gan. 'llIkruLliHl, )"81iirg.s'lma tetapi, j~ Ja.s,~m, arng berbeda d:iI5a.mbtm.slk;~u~,5~p~li, p:mbClr y : dj, 'biil:Wa h_., UjUln,g, kir..i ba tung A bersuhu S(}'1C d~ uju:mg l!~a:ma:o,b~t~pg S' bersuhu 5'~C. lila ~kJQefL.SJ:ie:n :k:o:ndl[tbi la~orbatai'l,gB adalah d:u~, ali ko~mien, Kond.uksl ~o:r k ba;lRn~ ,A~"m,~'ka s,u'nlUl pada, bidaJ~g ba'l'as, biaang: ,1\, da:n: ba:lamg' II iH::[alah, ..,.~ l[tIJaJI arm, OC}

Uil

i't,

'?,ilflii ~")u

dci S,S
@,.

'b~4S e, 510
m -. '.

16101

liIl. Ka~c\r j!!llis, es (1,,$1 k811,1~t!C, blol' 'Iebnr: es SO knll8 dalrt 11.,_,1 nr ~e:~engaL'~' ogram es IL_IL.. 'L '11":::1 ~i:uo:[e.n~5! ir . ,M ,"g.,'~~I::! a I 'Il.,-,Ill N. ~[!S:1l1W,Ltl.
... ,20"C d wJa;a.m:~:nll;r d,@'nlg,arn, :sej umlah ilir bersuh u ,1DJI!C,~ "",... [,.,' • 'I'.., · l·,,·,....:·,·'L,_, ,~I;m!gp - n~en,Capm ~<eauam a:_;:_wr.etl'llp2J. ;8lI' ,5:e-WW:!4I,I~Jra. : 'b
',.;aJ '~., -

be-r~iuh!u (lI!(C., ,Massa aJir :ni!i,u]a,=mul~ adal.Ml (Uli,ilD lWlas~k UG,M ZlJtl6) a. l~~D :k d,~ 4,~5'O' g k b~ .,t2Si kg: e, id"MI l~g' c~.~'/i5,kg
1f

on.

B,~ Ja;wa'b:~alI, pt:[~yati1, ~.

d~ !bawa1l 101, gren,pn !!)j'-,Ilc;a:t,dan

.

je!hIS~!

1."

Pada snhu ber.a:pa antara 'h~fm{)me'OO1" ,F,'aili:u:'en,he1't. dan ter,01.. me.l:e1t:' :R:~U.f men"nju.l(lkDn. $a]a, 'yan,s;snm,? 0
.Hu.b~iul~lanskeM~a ~e:r,mome'tle'~ ICe~tC~u5'd.an :P.a'hr:enhtU

2..

d~m'I_5kal1J ,sebap~ooriku:t;:. b~C Hffi:WDglaih unai :bill

= (2b)iJP.,

!JIii

.,

Sebutir pe'num, d!~ri Ilrnah. Ckllor '~ruU~'f~~' tl~~ 3 'X law, u K~)I :m·l1ii~nji!',~10 g;r.:aim ber,;O.ak de~g~n. 'k~PitiblD, 45, 'm. rs,·ia
,me'J1\~--en~i, '~-u:m1"al1.d~, peru.'Ll~IU el'-S~I:itng di' d.~~ml;l,ya,. til

r:

IB~1a '[[ia;tlM~ptidak aCiiM, pana;§, yang: h~lang,kEe' s,e·,lmUllinl\'n~f.I,be~iilpa.kmli),im'A.5Uhu p_lmu7' (1 iCHlls = 1(1,,24· l,) b
'Oi I~l. ~~c~: es paal] suhu DC clilf!~m '6 ~g llimah. dad lOa C1' jik~, 'k_ab.l1,' leN's llimaih, ':130 J :kr~1,(C'~Ikalor ~@nis· :alr 4\~2x 'IO~] :tg~' dliJ1,: kalo[ le!bl!l:r es 334 'x 1(f l' ,~I" ,BeQ;P~. [(.~
'om:"EI''ft'lli a-;="§;!!'!!'!"~
Ii!§!' i!lilnl.~", '!On."!'. ~!r\'I;!;II,'!

!,II!,.:I!~Ii.i.!'""", iii

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