676
SUPREMECOURTOFMISSOURI,
:;Cott,,.
IUnof
color,)n.
KaoellOn.
SCOTT.
AMANOJ'C;01.O_,
n.
EMERSON.J.The\'oluntaryremovatof•Ila\'e,
by
billm..ter,to•State,TerritoryorCountyinwbichalaveryIIprobibited,witbayjewto•residencethere,doe.notentiUethe.Ineto
SH
fer
bi.
freedom,in
tb,
court.of
tbi,
Stat••
MARCHTERM,1862.
677
8etotl,(.maaofcolor,)
VII.
Emenoll.
ERRORtoSt.Loui.CircuitCourt.
HOllars,for
plaintiff
inerror.
Therointmadeinthearpellant'4in.trtlction,whichwa.
"I"t
Jtinnhythecourtbelow,willfirsrbf't'onllidelf'd:ThatIfDr,Emenon(whowa.theownerofIhe
lsi
IIYeS
Dred
1&1111
liar·.i.t,andwho
wat'
al.oaSur,:.onintb.Ultit,dHr.t"atmy)own.d.ahl.Iavel,preYious
10
hi",
receptionI)f
the
ortl"r,andlooklI.i,1IIlanswitbhim••dome.ticI.nanh,altdtht.'yr.-mainedattho••rOIl.,Rock
hind
antiForttfLelling,unliltheyvolunt.rilyreturnedtoSt.Leuis,inaa'ueSlnt.,.h.yarenownotfreebut.Iuel.WI'"rap".'togive
1&
IIlightrevieworth.e••••,th.thavebeendltcid..ditlouro..nr.ourt,
UpOD
IbedirectandcollateralqUf'stionsin"oh·edintbi'
ca.e.
I.The
firstca,,,,
,djudie,ledin(\urcourts.istbeeaseofWinny
v••\\
bite,ides,
I
Mo.331.The."
i.
nota.i"ltleauthorityquolediotbeepiuionofMr.Justice'l'ompkin.,wbo,we.b.1Ichst'overintheex.minationotlatere....,watthegreatapolUeoff,.edomDtIhltell,.IndefOcI,it
i.
I".irtopresume,IromIIu('hHntencesal"tbeyfoundtbecilize"lclaimin&!,•rithtofprop.rtyillanlllerablerarfionofthebumanraee,"a"d';IhatIheevilshouldbenllric"11
U
DI1ChalpOillibl.;"IhathewasdeeplylinKf'dwi,b..n:ilDelitlandopinicnsdan-,ereu.
'0
tbeni.lenceofthat""eeuliarinltitution."knownaldo:ne••ie.Ia"ery.
Th.
q11Htionher,.dl!citlpd
it,
Ih.ttheIIlavewa.entitledtohilfreedombyvirlneofIh.ordinanceof1781,rromar••i,l.nt'eintheTerdloryofIllinois.allilthattherigbtsofUtemuterwouldnotre-alltch
011
fillelinghi...Iav.
III
Mi.,ollrl.2.Mary
VI.
'j'iffilt
Ic.ltbllard,1Mo.Uep.62I,Conl.onOrd.of1787.Thechildoca.Ieve,borninIlhnuil.ner.beordinallc,lookeWect,
i.
r•••
a.
La
Grangev•.Chou
t
eau,2Mo.Rei'.II,opillionofMr.JUlticeWith.Ord.of1787.EI~"turninedaysre.ideneeinlIlinoi.IlOtlufBcleottoenliU.a.lavetofreedom,und.:
11..
Otdillllnce.4.Miny
\"'I.
Smith.2Mo.Rei"32,r••id,mceinlIIinol...Mr.JusticeTompkin.decidedthl.ea,euponthe.utborilYoflhe
pr••
iou.judicialc()na'ructionor.h.ordin.nceof
1787.
alllaltbouB'hthefact.intheclleare.ublf'CIut!nt
10
Ih.
'l....
p
ftb.llo.Cump.actof
18iW,
tballaw
Wal
illnowaydi.culSedorcouidered.6"Theot,.le
VI.
ChC)u'eau,2Mo.116,Mr.JUllie.Tompldn..A.InebornInli82inlJIinol.,walnotenrran('bi.edbyIheordinallceof1787;tb.rigbttobold.uc:hIlaveb.ifl~.."e.I.driJ(btuooAertheVirAiniaC'e"'OD,
tb.
o"IIDa..e.w••
nol
retroactiveinillopfOratioD.
Ii.
Millyva.Smith,
2
y".
Rep.
13Y,
JUltie.McGirk."Tbi."..••anachooontbepartofMlltyforfr••dom,lladertheordinanceof1161
II
7.Villcentv,.DU'ICao,2'10.Rep.174.l"h.cODltitutionoftheStat.ofIllinoill,ratifiedbyCOIJ~e'A3dDecember,1818,prOVide.,tbut,live.mlyb.hiredout,fromyearto
year,
10
lahorattbe.aline.withouttbenbywotkingthe"freedom.Tbeordinan('.of1187cannot
eentrel
the,ro\'ilionloftbi.~tale'.('oo'''Iulion
(It,
~trad.r
VII.
Orabam,10Ho...d8~.)NorcanaI!.ve,bybim..lfacquir.eith.rODpermanent_ltlement,orrelulardomicil,
l"·,
·'Er~,".ay.Mr.JusticeTlJlopkin.,"ifbl,
the
OWDerofIbe,lave,II.yin••nlucky
.b"
..ndhia.ervantovertolIIinoi.toruide,
it
ilequally(wilhle.idingtherehim~elf)afiola.tionoflb.provisiolJoClheordinance,andthe.Ia"ei.free."
W.
conCelSourinabdiaytoperceh'e,eithertbelee.on,
the
laworthecon.i,tency
oC
thedit'tacontained
in
theabov.deci.ion,
u
10Cieald.duetion.fromthepremise.laiddown.8.Ralpb
n.
Duncan,3....138(Toml,kine)Orc!.ofJ787.Web.veDOdouot,thatforthepurpoll••of..IfgovernlDlot,Ihe,"oa.tilutioDofllUnoi.migbtba..beenwellinforct'frolR
tta.
timeof
ill
adoption,
bllt,
ror
theplrrpoleoftherreeentcue,_.,inclinetolimititl,"eet
to
tbeli.e.beDCo....
1......
1dtoIh.
IdmilflOD
oftilettlateInlOthe
lIllioD,
3dDe-eember,
1811S.
678
SUPREMECOURTOF
MISSOURI,
Scott,(amaDorcolor,)VI.EmerlOn.9.Julia
"I.
J\lcKinney.8Mo.193,McGirt,Justice.InterpretationoftbeconltUutionofIlIinoi..Plaintiff".
",Iaim
Corfr..dominthi.ease,fmmthe61hartieI.oftheconstitutionofJllinois,whichdeclares,thatneither,laverynoriovolunlar1.ervitudeshallhereanerbein_troducedintofbi"State,olherwilethllnfortbepuni,bmentofcriruelwhereofthepartyshallhuebeendulyeonvleted,ThearticletbengaelontomakeprovitionCorlb.bningof,IavelfromaDolher~tale,towit:"That
"0
penooboundtolaborinaoyotberStateIballbebhedtolaborinthillState.exuptwitlainthetractTtlenedforth••altworlll,"andfurtberrecite.,tbatIInyviolationoftbisarticle.ballefrecttheemancipationoflucbpersontlroUitheirob-ligationtoservice.Plainlilf'smistr...,emigTatingfromKentucky,tooktbeplaintiff,JuU.,thenaIlue,witbher,aridhirin,;heroutforaboutamontb,lub.equentl,..oldberin
St.
Louiltodelendant.Held,tbattheabo.earticleoftheeonltitutionworkf'dherfreedom.10.Nail
VI.
Rudelle,3Mo.Rep.282,Mr.JUlticeTompkinlberesettlelaninslructioD,utotheconsentofthemutertotheresideDce
oC
t1MIla"ein._frHStatl',beiagDeCella".toworkhilfreedom.
-H':"
Rubael
Y8.
Walbr,4Mo.Rep.
3:;1
ordinancelof1781,il
I
cuetbati.moreclearlyaniiagoultotbeonenowundereenslderatie«,thinanythatbaeyetbeencited.There'poD-dentwalanofficllr,r••idinginthethenMicbiganTerritory~aalaye
WIS
boughtin
tn.
Louisand..nttohim,andnolwiths'lndillgIbt-poilltmadebyUamiltoll
n.
(iamble,Esq.,"'thataD01l1e.rortheU.S.Armywas.lIcbapereonlacouldnotacquireluchadOIDicilinanyothertbantheStateufwhicbbeilanillbabilant,whenappointed,
II
ilneee...ryunderIbeformerdedlionor~i.courttoworkthelreedomoftbeslue.Mr.JUlticeMrGirkheld,thatbyoptulionoftheordinanceIDdIhep"n,ousdeci.ionlofthecourt,Rlcb..
1
wa.frH,aDdthatIhefactofbilbeinganomt'e"couldnotcrr..teanexceptioDinbilfavor.1bisca...andthepresentone,tbatwearenowdifcullin~,areidentical,wilbthisexception,tbatintbelormfr,temirorarilyIItaYlng
ill
aterritorycllimed
t'J
be
rre~,senttoa.IaveSlateandpur-cbuedaservlnt,andshewaller.ttohim.Inthelatter,Dr.Emereobownedthuln.Dred,andwas,.tthetime,Ji'in~wbere,bytbeJawandtheconltitution,Ila"erywasrecogni2edb.forebereeeivedtbeOlderto
1(0
intoanyolherterrilory.SliII,wearefreetoadmit,tbattbi.dilliDctionis
01
noavail,iftbeopinionofMr,JUflticeMcGirki.conslderedgoodlaw.Itc"verelb.entireItround,altoIbeplea
oC
domicilandnecellit".ndweareinclinedtothinlr,thatMr.Ju,liceMc(iirk,inbilaflxit'tytosettletheque.tion,wbich,belays,Ihe"iogppuityofcounselnnerwouldconcede."ha.Journe1edoutoftberecord,inbituallo,upporttheautborityortbedeci,io"loftbilcourt.12.WilFon
VII.
Mel"in,4Mo.Rep.692-le.m.tobuebeentheclollin~effort,bycounlel,toprotecttheright.ofownersofIlav..property,andfromIhec.pinionorMr.JlIstit'eTomp-killl,itIflightwellbeconcluded,thatanyfurtberargumentwa.ulel....Tbedefendantmov-
ed
f,nmTennesleetothewelt,"'betbertoIllinoilorM..lonri
do.,
notclearlyappear,andwbiletraveU01tthreughWinoll,
WII
informed,tbatbecouldnotboldIlanl
1ft
'thatState.Heaccordinglytookenryp",cautiontoprevent'heforfeitur.ofbiBprop.rty;he"aid
SOlo.
1.0
orthreeweeke,"ilitin«hilehildreninlolt.Claircounty,relusedtounluldhit,,'agon.containingbi,family~ood,.rernledtohireurnntlortoallowthemtodoanylabor.Whenhebadftnitbfdbi.vieitbeconcludedbi,journeyandhiredouthie..rYantlinSt.Lnuil.
n.
courtheld,thatthis
WI.
intreduein"IlauryinlIIinoil,andtbattbeconstitutionofIllinoi.wuobJigatoryllponthecourt.inMilsouri,andwbich,by
it,
prOYilionl,hatworkedthef.eedomofWil~on,tbeappellant.Nothingi.laidintbear~umentofeounselortbeopinion
oC
tb.court,oftheordinanceof17t1iortbeMlllOuricompromiseactof]820,Ontbeconlrery,itappeln,tbattheeoun.elr.liedlolelyupontheyiol.tionoftbeeonltitu'ioDoflIIinoil,eon-.toquentupentheintroductionof.I..erywitbin
itt
borden.ThilcaNwa.decided
at
theJuneTerm1837.Tbeque.tionoffr.edom,alaconlequen~e
or
relid"Dceinfreeterritory,wa.notagain1D0otedantiJtbeJanaaryTermorIbi.eenrt1846.WhenIhecourt
,"OJ.
tohD\'l'comebecktoIheconsiderationof:HillVarilaw,wlvlnrtb.'Df~cementofotber
St.,.
('onlti,tuticml
.Ith
tlaeirpeD&IIa.I,totheir
OWD
Irib1lDaI.,wberetbe,.hould
8nr
b.allowldtoremaiD.
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Scott v Emerson, 15 Missouri Reports 576 (1852)
Dred Scott v Irene [Sanford] Emerson, 15 Missouri Reports 576 (1852). After being widowed, Mrs. Emerson became the wife of Massachusetts Congressman Calvin Chaffee.
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