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Gelomlbang

GelomDan,g
ele"tromagne- it
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IGelombanlQ liiriIelkani k

IGe:tDmlbang

tahaya

Ku a't m,e,dla n

lli'strik_

I(J~atimredlan magneti

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IRap,;t ,enelrg jl
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kraHan tnc_ saltan ,'~ __gan;th.;,: _t.:_h3ri y~ng mJ,cnyi~ __i r .......Burai, Sli ~~ h ri t m:pa [C':rn~ ·'d!,1 CPM~ m,ruaJM han,., ,Il '. ian . b ah m,cni ~di KC'ri ,daB rerasa pan M m C'f:I!y:c~M Kictikil_ 1O't3 b,~qa ,3, n dli, ~i'"I ,h:~ui, Hal, lim" d,i'k ,ren, - aD 'm,c-w sli caL~"a, ml1(M, ri, d ~. _ c _'\~u pCfmuka -n b'UD~. Cahl3Y , Mcrupakanalah saru -.c'nruk c'nc~ vs.,~ d. E ki,lf3 ~i~h da - kif[ F. S k frl _' 'e . ,~ruuhnry Cilb,:~' ,i)J, [c',1mJ35U, g,Cllo,mbang t k- kO~, mem iii iki lif~u: s~f Rl' yang sam 3] !diE'lmg~n gE~om n~:. TCFlmlJaUi k ba l,doIMl;;,,- ~,-=-: 3pda;h, cmaya iru.? ~lellgap,3J ,de,mi,lii _n?

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g,elomb allll'l) retekUanu)"gJlE! ~I k~, 1911~lindw ksi~, lWat m!da n HstrU:;t Ileda n ma ginetLk

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Hli'll>i CJ»4sn N' Oflmm (~'177' .. ,~:·,:5~,), enun·u,kkan m 'b'ilh.,"~',iIJ aw's :li,U"llk dap31f. membuae J~rum kampas b~rub~ a mhm H:a1, i,n~m~mbtllui~, kan Ibah'wa d ~I Scki [~~ j1IJ m s ,m" '1[,1ll It c,rr' ap'ir Ui1il cd an m '.-;Iiii d". K..mu di~ e an]; m:u.W3 n P rn If],ci s ,A,nJ,~~ ,M'dJ":~ ll.UI! (117 SI A I,8 36~i'ro, t;;'IiIt;;,R'u-'a:rll b~\~3 Id,u'3 ~a~ml' yang' 'belF.ln,~1 aran aeus ~,ist ,['ilk d a,p301: i ~113 t If. 3"n:k- rn ~,IIl;a 1r.iJ~,atau, 'U),~ ,mc,l]Iol31' ilk:,pcnrn!i t~ctti, nu~m:tt. P~d,a ItaLru.ru n, :rn 81,5, ~~ UW:3ft :S,kol~I3JH,dil-aj m .Jal.na 'Clq_~,Mnxwf!'ll' { 1,II ,31 ,_ ~,8:7 9) - Dl,I;:uY3frrakan b,ah,t,v~ m Ic"d flIi, rnlL ~,i!il I'.l k d 3 ,n. m cld,a n. rn :l1lgnl~t 'b c rJniIIlJ. 6u ng,a n. e,[3J,f ~ ~ ~well Ill, c,nyMil ~ri hM:w,~ j w,k~ $ ~ anr ~.m~, ]~f[ rlk, dO' iH man m __ ,j:'U-,mundu,r" __ "rus ,iru d __ ~:t me,nil Mblll,k~u~ ,P g~lo,Dlbang ,~_,dttrom~ttL~, y~ng; ~~mb~-l!lJb~hya~ n1c.nlaOJ~~:r kdllll~w ,dc~n k~aJml1 ,yang sa~[' 0V, 'P"cmiru,ng1l~pedt·,[~~", Percohaan
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,,~ng Idi~.ltk ch n

Halms CliLliiStil:l n oersted


ImelllllliruukkiUill bah J~a arus I~istnkdapat lfilem~at ,lafIJJJM Ikom,as benJ filn !a rah"

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Contoh :5oal:
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