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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xCHEVRON CORPORATION,Plaintiff,-against-11 Civ. 0691 (LAK)STEVEN DONZIGER, et al.,Defendants.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x
OPINION ON PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTION
Appearances:Randy M. MastroAndrea E. NeumanKristen L. HendricksScott A. EdelmanWilliam E. ThompsonG
IBSON
,
 
D
UNN
&
 
C
RUTCHER
,
 
LLP
 Attorneys for Plaintiff 
John W. KekerElliot R. PetersChristopher J. YoungJan Nielsen LittleMatthew M. WerdegerNikki H. VoPaula L. BlizzardWilliam S. HicksK
EKER
&
 
V
AN
N
EST
,
 
LLP
 Attorneys for Donziger 
 
 Defendants
Julio C. GomezJ
ULIO
C.
 
G
OMEZ
,
 
A
TTORNEY AT
L
AW
LLCTyler G. DoyleCraig SmyserLarry R. VeselkaChristina A. BryanGarlard D. Murphy, IVS
MYSER
K
APLAN
&
 
V
ESELKA
,
 
L.L.P.
 Attorneys for Defendants Hugo Gerardo,Camacho Naranjo and Javier PiaguajePayaguaje
Case 1:11-cv-00691-LAK Document 550 Filed 07/31/12 Page 1 of 105
 
T
ABLE OF
C
ONTENTS
Facts........................................................................4I.Background......................................................4A.Texaco’s Activities in Ecuador (1964-1992).......................4B.The Aguinda Litigation.......................................5C.Important Developments During the Aguinda Litigation.............61.The Settlement and Final Release.........................62.The Environmental Management Act of 1999................73.Chevron Acquires Shares of Texaco ......................7II.The Lago Agrio Litigation...........................................8A.Filing the Lawsuit...........................................8B.Summary of the Lago Agrio Proceedings.........................9C.Summary of the Lago Agrio Judgment..........................12D.The Ecuadorian Appellate Court’s Treatment of Chevron’s Fraud Claim.........................................................14E.Developments Since the Appellate Decision......................17III.Prior Proceedings in this Litigation...................................19A.The Pleadings..............................................191.The Amended Complaint...............................192.The Answers........................................21B.Prior Proceedings in this Court................................22C.Proceedings in the Court of Appeals............................23D.The Present Motion.........................................24IV.The Alleged Fraud in Ecuador.......................................25A.The Alleged Ghost-Writing of Portions of the Court’s Judgment......27B.Allegedly Fraudulent Evidence, the Termination of Judicial Inspections,and the Appointment of Cabrera...............................301.Calmbacher Reports...................................302.Ending of Judicial Inspections and Cabrera’s Appointment....323.The Cabrera Report...................................35a.Defendants Secretly Were Involved in Defining the Scopeof Cabrera’s Report.............................36b.The LAP Team Wrote Much of the Cabrera Report....374.The “Cleansing” Reports...............................40Discussion..................................................................43I.Summary Judgment Standard.......................................43A.General...................................................43B.S.D.N.Y. Civil Rule 56.1.....................................44II. The Res Judicata-Collateral Estoppel Defense Is Properly Before the Court and IsNot Moot.......................................................47A.The Answers Are Sufficient to Assert the Judgment As Claim or IssuePreclusive and Were Intended to Do So .........................481.The Answers Sufficiently Assert These Defenses Based on theJudgment...........................................492.The Defendants’ Intentions.............................51a.The SJ Defendants’ Prior Communication With This Court
Case 1:11-cv-00691-LAK Document 550 Filed 07/31/12 Page 2 of 105
 
.............................................51b.The Argument to the Second Circuit................53c.The Lack of Any Other Arguable Basis for the Defenses.............................................54d.The Finality Argument...........................57B.The Disclaimer of Intention to Seek Enforcement of the Judgment in NewYork Neither Moots the Defenses Nor Sufficed to Withdraw ThemWithout Prejudice..........................................591.The Representation Would Be Ineffective Even on Its Own Terms...................................................59a.The Donziger Defendants Are Not Foreclosed fromAsserting the Judgment as Res Judicata or CollateralEstoppel on the Theory that They Are Not JudgmentCreditors and Hold No Rule 24 “Interest” in the Judgment.............................................60b.The Representation Does Not Even Bind the LAPRepresentatives................................632.The Representation Did Not Moot the Defenses.............643.The Representation Was an Ineffective Unilateral Amendment tothe SJ Defendants’ Answers............................66C. Nothing in Naranjo Forecloses Consideration of the Defenses........70III.The Enforceability and Recognizability of the Judgment..................71A.Burdens of Proof With Respect to Recognizability and Enforceability of the Judgment..............................................72B.Lack of Personal Jurisdiction..................................74C.Penal Character of the Judgment...............................76D.Fraud....................................................771.The Extrinsic-Intrinsic Fraud Distinction..................77a.United States v. Throckmorton....................77b.The Questionable Vitality of Throckmorton..........79c.Does the Recognition Act Incorporate the Extrinsic-Intrinsic Distinction?............................832.Other Requirements...................................843.Does Chevron’s Evidence of Fraud Warrant Summary Judgmentof Non-Recognition? ..................................86a.The Alleged Ghost-Writing of the Judgment..........86b.The Calmbacher Reports .........................88c.The Termination of Judicial Inspections and Cabrera’sAppointment..................................89d.The Cabrera and “Cleansing” Reports...............90IV.Chevron’s Former Adjudication Arguments............................93Conclusion..................................................................96
Case 1:11-cv-00691-LAK Document 550 Filed 07/31/12 Page 3 of 105
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