Professional Documents
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Otitis media with effusion (OME), also called serous or secretory otitis media(SOM), is simply a collection of fluid that occurs within the middle ear space as a result of the negative pressure produced by altered Eustachian tube function. This can occur purely from a viral URI, with no pain or bacterial infection, or it can precede and/or follow acute bacterial otitis media. Fluid in the middle ear sometimes causes conductive hearing impairment, but only when it interferes with the normal vibration of the eardrum by sound waves. Over weeks and months, middle ear fluid can become very thick and glue-like (thus the name glue ear), which increases the likelihood of its causing conductive hearing impairment. Early-onset OME is associated with feeding while lying down and early entry into group child care, while parental smoking, too short a period of breastfeeding and greater amounts of time spent in group child care increased the duration of OME in the first two years of life
OBJECTIVE
General Objective: This case study aims to identify and determine the health problem and needs of the patient who underwent for Otitis Media. This is all intends to help patient to promote health and medical understanding of such condition through application of the nurse skills Specific Objective: 1. To assess and diagnose the condition of the patient 2. To give an effective nursing care plan to the patient 3. To help the patient improve from the illness 4. To give an optimum nursing care related skills to the patient
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem
According to Orem, individuals take actions to meet others human health needs Nurses should ultimately provide a therapeutic human health service.
They can recover more quickly and holistically if they are allowed to perform their own self cares to the best of their ability. It is a particularly used in rehabilitation and primary care settings where the patient is encouraged to be as independent.
II.
Social History
The patient grew up with his parents and was taught with Pilipino values and belief, the patient normally goes to school and likes to play with his schoolmates, and his mother picks him up from after school hours. He likes to watch cartoons. And goes outside of their house to play with his friends
Environmental History
Patient lives in a subdivision away from the main road and have proper security
Immunization History
2. PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
Body Part Normal Findings Actual Findings
Analysis/Interpretati on
Skin
-Varies from light to deep brown; from ruddy pink to light pink; from yellow to overtones to olive -Generally uniform except in areas exposed to sun -no edema -freckles, some birthmarks some flat and raised nevi; no abrasions or other lesions -moisture in skin folds and the axillae (varies w/ environmental temp.
The skin color is light brown and uniform expect in exposed areas no edemas, some birthmarks were found. No skin lesions
Normal
Hair
-Evenly distributed hair -Thick hair -Silky reslient hair -No infection / infestation
Normal
Nails
-Convex, curvature, angles of nail plate about 160degrees -Smooth texture -Highly vascular & pink in light-skinned clients, may have brown/black pigmentation in longitudinal streaks -Intact epidermis -Prompt return of pink/usual color (generally < 4sec)
Convex smooth texture highly vascular intact epidermis returns to usual color almost immediately
Normal
-Rounded (normocephalic and symmetric) -Symmetric or slightly asymmetric facial features; -Phalpebral fissures equal in size; symmetric nasolabial folds -Color same as facial skin -Symmetrical -Auricle aligned with outer cantus of eye, about 10 degrees from vertical -Mobile, firm, and not tender; pinna recoils after it is folded.
Normal
Color is same with facial skin, symmetrical, mobile firm and not tender pinna recoils
Normal
Ears
Outer Ears
-Dry cerumen, grayish tan color; or sticky, wet cerumen in various shades of brown
Secretion of thick and glue-like cerumen and blood from the ears due to Allergic reactions
Secretion of thick and glue-like cerumen and blood from allergic reaction
External Eyes
-Hair evenly distributed. -Eyebrows symmetrically align; equal movement. -Equally distributed; curled slightly outward. Skin intact; no discharge or discoloration. -Shiny, smooth, & pink/red -no edema/tenderness over lacrimal gland
Normal
Hearing Acuity
Cannot hear whisper Indication of spoken in 2 feet away complication due to the illness it blocks hearing abilities
Ears
-Transparent, shiny, and smooth; details of the iris are visible -Black in color; equal in size; normally 3 to 7 mm in diameter; round, smooth border, iris flat and round -Pupil constricts when looking near objects -When looking straight ahead, client can see objects in the periphery. -Both eyes coordinates, move in union, with parallel
Transparent, Details of iris are visible Black in color Symmetrical to the other
Normal
Nose
-Symmetric & straight -No discharge / flaring. -Uniform color -Mucosa pink -Clear watery discharge.
Normal
-Uniform pink color -Soft moist, smooth Uniform pink color, texture Soft moist Smooth -Symmetry of texture contour -Ability to purse lips -Smooth, moist soft glistering and elastic texture
Normal
-Soft moist, smooth texture -Symmetry of contour -Ability to purse lips -Smooth, moist soft glistering and elastic texture
Normal
Tongue
Normal
-Position in the midline of the soft palate -Light pink -Smooth, soft palate.
Normal
Neck
Proportional to the size of the body and head, symmetrical and position.
Proportional to the size of the body and head, symmetrical and position.
Normal
Breast
Normal
Abdomen
-Unblemished skin, uniform color -Sliver white striae (stretch marks) / surgical scars -Flat rounded (convex), scaphoid (concave) -No evidence of enlargement of liver or spleen
-Respirations should be unlabored and regular in all ages -Respirations should be 2 yrs to 10 yrs: 20-28 breaths per min. 10 yrs to 18 yrs: 12-20 breaths per min. -Hyperresonance is the normal ton elicited in young children because of thinness of the chest wall.
Normal
unlabored and regular respirations within range of normal breaths per min
Normal
Heart
-Normal Heart Two heart sound is Normal rates audible - The two heart sound re audible in all areas but loudest and apical area.
Normal
Genitalia
-Scrotal skin is darker on color than that of the rest of the body and is loose. Size varies with temperature changers. Scrotum appears asymmetric Size varies with temperature changers Scrotum appears asymmetric Normal
Scrotum
Inguinal
-No swelling or bulges -Skin color varies, skin is smooth, fine hair evenly distributed - Muscles appear equal, warm and with good muscle tone.
No swelling or bulges Muscles appear equal warm and with good muscle tone.
Normal
Normal
Upper Extremities
Lower Extremities
Skin color varies, skin is smooth, fine hair evenly distributed, and absence of varicose veins, muscles is symmetrical, length symmetrical. Muscles appear equal, warm and with good muscle
Muscles is symmetrical, length symmetrical. Muscles appear equal, warm and with good muscle tone.
Normal
Neurologi c
-Cerebral function: The client should be alert and active, respond appropriately, and relate well to the parent and the nurse. -Sensory function: Sensitivity to touch and discrimination should be present.
-Cerebral function Patient Is alert but requires several repetition and increased tones to be heard Sensory Function: Patient is sensitive when touch
Cerebral functions have been altered due to that hearing is weakened because of the illness but sensory functions are normal
Eats 3 meals a day, needs protein rich food and breakfast to sustain the prolonged physical and mental effort. Reduced sodium consumption. Drink at least 8 or more servings of liquids.
Eats 3 meals a day, eats junk foods and sweets, likes to drink water, drinks carbonated beverages
Eats 3 times a day, still eats junk foods and sweets and drinks water
Even though patient was eating junk foods. His nutrition was not altered because of his illness
4.Elimination
General range of urination is from 1-2 times a day. Average daily urine output is 1200-1500 ml. An average defecation is from 1-2 times a day. No discomforts on urinating and defecating.
Patient has normal bowel elimination. Usually eliminates during the morning
Most healthy adult needs 7 to 9 hours of undisturbed sleep because they tend to have sleeping disorders.
Alert, oriented in time, place, person, understand verbal and written words.
Patient was alert when name is called, answers questions properly and can understand verbal and written words
Patients alertness was altered and usually needs to be called more than once to respond can understand written words but verbal words must be repeated
Patients perception was altered due to that hearing was affected and greatly reduced its perception
Patients priority and needs are focused to his nutrition, studies entertainment, and usually likes to play. Patient can recognize his parents relatives and friends
Patients priority was focused on his hearing abilities, his hearing senses were weakened therefore turning his priority to his hearing. Patient still recognize his parents relatives and friends Patient maintains his roles as a child and as a student
Patients control was altered due to that there is pain in his ear and usually focuses his attention to it when pain occurs
Maintaining social status and standard of living. Can express thoughts and anger without any hesitation.
Patient usually maintain stress by playing hand held gadgets or plays with his friends N/A
10. Sexuality & Sexual activity Reproductive is common. Establishes own lifestyle and values
N/A
N/A
New found appreciation for the past; increased respect for inner voice.
N/A
N/A
N/A
Tympanometry- uses sound tones and air pressure, is a diagnostic test a doctor might use if the diagnosis still isnt clear. A tympanometer is a small, soft plug that contains a tiny microphone and speaker as well as a device that varies air pressure in the ear. It measures how flexible the eardrum is at different pressures.
The ear is the organ of hearing. The parts of the ear include:
Tympanic membrane - also called the eardrum. The tympanic membrane divides the external ear from the middle ear.
and transmit the sound waves to the inner ear. The bones are called:
malleus
incus stapes
ear with the throat area. The eustachian tube helps to equalize the pressure between the outer ear and the middle ear. Having the same pressure allows for the proper transfer of sound waves. The eustachian tube is lined with mucous, just like the inside of the nose and throat.
balance
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Drug study
Generic Name Brand Name Dosage Mechanism Indications Contraindicati ons Adverse Reactions Nsg responsibiliti es Culture infection before therapy. Do not cut or crush, and ensure that patient does not chew ER tablets. Monitor patient for anticipated response. Administer without regard to meals; administer with food if GI effects occur Clarithromycin Clariget 125 mg/ 5ml BID macrolide antibiotic used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia (especially atypical pneumonias associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae or TWAR), skin and skin structure infections, and, in HIV and AIDS patients to prevent, and to treat, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex or MAC Treatment of upper & lower resp tract infections, acute Otits Media & skin & soft tissue infections. Concomitant therapy w/ terfenadine in patients w/ preexisting cardiac abnormalities or electrolyte disturbances. Pregnancy & lactation Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, vomiting & diarrhea. Headache , taste perversion , transient elevation of liver enzymes.
Generic Name
Brand Name
Dosage
Mechanism
Indications
Contraindicati ons
Adverse Reactions
Levocetirizine dihydrocloride
Xyzal
10ml HS
The active component of Xyzal, Levocetirizine dihydrochloride, is the R enantiomer of cetirizine hydrochloride, a racemic compound with antihistaminic properties. It is an orally active and selective H1receptor antagonist. Histamines act on H1 receptors, causing the symptoms commonly seen in allergic reactions.
Symptomatic treatment of seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis includin g persistentAller gic Rhinitis & Chronic idiopathic uticaria
Assessment Subjective: Nahihirapan po ako makarinig. Mahina po ang pang rinig ko as verbalized by the patient
Diagnosis Altered Olfactory reception related to bacterial infection as manifested by Change in Usual response, irritability, restlessness, and disorientation
Planning Short Term Goal: After 2 hours of nursing intervention the the px will be able to recognize and compensate for sensory impairment Long Term Goal: After 4 hours of nursing intervention the patient will be able to use resources effectively and appropriately
Intervention Identify patient with condition that can affect sensing, interpreting and communicating stimuli Encourage use of listening devices Interpret stimuli feedback Discuss Drug regimen, noting possible toxic side effects of both prescription and OTC drugs
Rationale
Evaluation
To assess After 2 hours of nursing contributing factors intervention the the px will affecting sensory be able to recognize and perception compensate for sensory impairment To assist managing auditory impairment After 4 hours of nursing intervention the patient To assist patient to was able to use resources sperate reality from effectively and fantasy or altered appropriately perception Prompt recognition of side effects allows for timely intervention
-restlessness
-disorientation
Assessment Subjective: ano po ba tong sakit ko? Gusto ko po malaman as verbalized by the patient
Diagnosis Knowledge deficit related to lack of education on illness as manisfested by interest to learn
Planning Short Term Goal: After 30 mins of nursing intervention the the px will be able to verify accuracy of information Long Term Goal: After 1 hour of nursing intervention the patient will be able to verbalize understanding of information gained
Intervention Verify patients level of knowledge about specific topic Assist patient to identify learning goals
Rationale Provides opportunity to assure accuracy and completeness of knowledge base for future learning
Evaluation After 2 hours of nursing intervention the the px will be able to recognize and compensate for sensory impairment
After 4 hours of nursing Helps focus content intervention the patient to be learned was able to use resources Ascertain preffered effectively and methods of Identifies best appropriately learning approaches to facilitate learning process To assist patient to sperate reality from fantasy or altered perception Prompt recognition of side effects allows for timely intervention