Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

(1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

(1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

(1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Deskripsi

Mesin Mesin Bensin Stroke Intake Kompresi

Campuran udara-bahan bakar dibawa ke dalam silinder

Mesin Diesel Hanya udara yang dibawa ke silinder

Piston mengkompresi udara untuk meningkatkan kedua tekanan ke kira-kira 3 MPa (30kgf/cm2,430 psi) dan temperatur ke kira-kira 500-800C (930-1,470 F).

Piston mengkompresi campuran udara-bahan bakar .

Pembakaran

Busi menyalakan campuran udara-bahan bakar yang terkompresi

bahan bakar is terinjeksi into heated, highly compressed udara, where it ignites due to heat of pressurized udara. Piston memaksa gas buangan keluar silinder.

Exhaust

Piston memaksagas keluar silinder.

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

Kompresi

Sistem bahan bakar

Sistem preheating

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

(C) 700 600 500 400 300 200 temperatur Kompresi (Initial temperatur 20C) Temperatur Kompresi (Initial temperatur 60C)

100
100 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 (kPa) 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (kgf/cm2) tekanan (tekanan Absolut)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Kondisi untuk Mengoperasikan Mesin Diesel

Tipe glow plug

Tipe intake heater

Glow plug

Intake heater

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Output Control pada Mesin Diesel

Mesin

Diesel

Dikontrol dengan mengatur jumlah bahan bakar terinjeksi. (Jumlah udara yang memasuki silinder tidak diatur.)
Pedal gas

Mesin Bensin

Dikontrol dengan mengatur jumlahcampuran udara-bahan bakar yang disuplai ke silinder menggunakan throttle valve.
Pedal gas
Injektor

Injeksi nozzle

ECU

Busi

Pompa injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi
1. Kemampuan pembakaran bahan bakar diesel

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi
2. Hubungan antara Kompresi ratio dan Kompresi tekanan atau suhu
(kgf/cm2) (MPa) 130 13 120 110 100 90 80 70 (C) 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 temperatur 700 600 500 400 300 tekanan Kompresi
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Siklus Pembakaran

12
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

60
50 40 30 20 10 0

udara

200 100 0

Kompresi ratio

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi
3.Mesin Diesel Pembakaran process
(kgf/cm2) (MPa)

Siklus Pembakaran

60 50 40 tekanan 30 20 10 0

6 D 5 4 Ignition 3 2 1 Injeksi bahan bakar mulai A B E Pembakaran Ignition delay Injeksi bahan bakar 75 50 25 TDC 25 50 75 100 C Injeksi bahan bakar berakhir

0
100

Crank angel

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Siklus Pembakaran

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi

Diesel Knock

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Deskripsi
1. Perbandingan antara diesel knock dan knocking Bensin

Diesel Knock

How to prevent knocking Items Kompresi ratio udara supply temperatur Kompresi tekanan silinder temperatur bahan bakar ignition point Ignition delay Mesin Diesel Raise Raise Raise Raise Lower Shorten Mesin Bensin Lower Lower Lower Lower Raise Lengthen

P Knocking

P Pembakaran Normal Knocking Pembakaran Normal

Injeksi hanya Kompresi Diesel knock t knocking Bensin hanya Ignition Kompresi t

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper

Piston

Turbocharger

Heat dam

No.1 piston ring groove

FRM (Fiber - Reinforced metal) Cooling channel

Supercharger

Oil jet

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
1.Deskripsi/ 2.Peran semikeystone ring

Piston Ring

Semi-keystone ring (No.1 Kompresi ring)

Peran semi-keystone ring silinder Piston Sludge

Tapered ring (No.2 Kompresi ring)

Tapered under-cut ring (No.2 Kompresi ring)

Semi-keystone ring

Solid ring dengan kumparan Three (Oil ring)

piece tipe ring (Oil ring)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
1. Deskripsi 2. Bilik pembakaran tipe injeksi langsung
nozzle Injeksi

Bilik Pembakaran

kepala silinder

bilik

Pembakaran
Piston

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
3. Bilik Pembakaran tipe Lingkar

Bilik Pembakaran

Glow plug

nozzle injeksi kepala silinder Swirl bilik Transfer passage Main Pembakaran bilik Piston

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
4.Shape of piston head

Bilik Pembakaran

tipe Troidal

Tipe Reentrant

Tipe Square

Tipe Spring leaf

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
1.Deskripsi
tipe Liner silinder liner

Silinder Liner

silinder block silinder liner silinder block (A) = 0.01 - 0.1mm ( ~ AUG.1998 B series Mesin) tipe Linerless

silinder block

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
1.Deskripsi
Mark B,D or F B

Kepala Silinder Gasket

kepala silinder gasket (3L Mesin)

D Cutout mark

A
F

A-A cross section Piston Protrusion

Piston

silinder block

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
1.Four-valve mechanism

Mekanisme Katup

Valve bridge

Guide pin
Intake valve Exhaust valve

Valve rocker shaft Valve rocker arm Roller Adjusting screw (1) Adjusting screw (2) Valve bridge

Camshaft

Guide pin

Valve rocker arm Adjusting screw (1)

Valve bridge Adjusting screw (2) Guide pin (1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Mesin Proper
2.Interval penggantian timing belt

Mekanisme Katup

Interval penggantian timing belt

Contoh 1

Contoh 2

Cancel switch screw

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan
1.Oil Cooler
Water-cooled oil cooler Oil cooler

Deskripsi

: dari pompa oli : ke pompa oli : ke Galeri oli utama : ke Oil pan

Oil filter

Relief valve for oil pompa Relief valve for oil cooler

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan
2.Oil Nozzle
Piston silinder block

Deskripsi

Galeri oli utama Oil nozzle

Check ball

Check valve

REFERENSI:

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Dua tipe Check Valve

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pendinginan
1HD-FTE Mesin viscous tipe power heater:/ Contoh:

Deskripsi

Viscous tipe power heater (1HD-FTE Mesin) Power heater

Heater hose

Coolant

Mesin Magnet clutch

Front heater

Rear heater

Magnet clutch udara conditioning magnet clutch signal Ignition switch

Power heater

Power heater amp.

Idle up switch

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Deskripsi

filter bahan bakar

Pompa injeksi

Injeksi nozzle

tangki bahan bakar

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

1.Deskripsi

Priming Pump

Priming pump

dari bahan bakar tank

ke Pompa injeksi

filter bahan bakar

Water sedimenter

Aliran bahan bakar (1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

2. Cara kerja
bilik pompa Inlet check valve Outlet check valve

Priming Pump

handle pompa
Diafragma

pompa Injeksi

tangki bahan bakar bahan bakar nozzle Injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Priming Pump

bilik pompa Inlet check valve

handle
pompa Diafragma

Outlet check valve

pompa Injeksi

tangki bahan bakar bahan bakar nozzle Injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Sedimenter Bahan Bakar

bahan bakar

air

Drain plug

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

1.Deskripsi

Nozzle injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

2. Pentingnya menyesuaikan tekanan pembukaan nozzle

Nozzle injeksi

Nozzle holder

Overflow pipe
Adjusting shim tekanan spring tekanan pin Distance piece Nozzle needle Nozzle body Retaining nut

Pompa injeksi discharge tekanan Correct nozzle Injeksi opening tekanan volume

Time Correct Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Nozzle injeksi

Nozzle holder Overflow pipe Adjusting shim tekanan spring tekanan pin Distance piece Nozzle needle Nozzle body Retaining nut

Low

Time Advanced Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Nozzle injeksi

Nozzle holder Overflow pipe Adjusting shim tekanan spring tekanan pin Distance piece Nozzle needle Nozzle body Retaining nut

High

Time Retarded Injeksi timing

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

3.Two-stage nozzle injeksi
No.2 tekanan spring seat No.3 tekanan spring washer Nozzle body Nozzle holder retaining nut Needle tip No.2 tekanan spring Straight pin Tip packing

Nozzle injeksi

No.1 tekanan spring No.1 tekanan spring seat Nozzle holder body

No.2 tekanan spring washer (adjusting shim) tekanan pin No.1 tekanan spring washer (adjusting shim)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

(2)Cara kerja

Nozzle injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Nozzle injeksi

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

1.Construction

Delivery Valve

Injeksi pompa side

Injeksi nozzle side

Valve seat Gasket Delivery valve

Valve spring Delivery valve holder

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

2.Cara kerja
sisi Pompa injeksi sisi nozzle injeksi

Delivery Valve

Relief valve

Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Delivery Valve

Pompa injeksi side

nozzle injeksi side

Relief valve

Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Delivery Valve

Pompa injeksi side

nozzle injeksi side

Relief valve

Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Delivery Valve

sisi Pompa injeksi

sisi nozzle injeksi

Relief valve

Valve face

Operating stroke

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

Delivery Valve

nozzle injeksi

Faulty

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Bahan Bakar

1. Melakukan bleeding terhadap udara antara tangki bahan bakar dan Pompa injeksi [sisi tekanan rendah) 2. Bleeding udara antara Pompa injeksi dan nozzle injeksi (sisi tekanan tinggi)

Pengurasan Udara Sistem Bahan Bakar

pompa handle Priming pompa

Union nut

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating
1. Pentingnya Sistem preheating

Deskripsi

Panas Kompresit suilt naik

Kebocoran tekanan
Kompresi

Cranking speed rendah

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating

Glow Plug

Thermal coil

Control coil 1100 1000 temperatur Glow plug (C) 900 800

700
600 500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Durasi arus mengalir (sec.)

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating
1.Deskripsi lampu indikator glow

Sistem Glow

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating
2.Cara kerja sistem glow (Tipe super glow )
Glow plug relay Sensor temperatur air S-REL Timer 2 THW Timer 1 STA Ignition switch E2 Timer 3 Crankshaft position sensor G-IND

Sistem Glow

Glow indicator ST

ON

NE+ NE-

Glow plugs

Preheating timer atau emission control ECU

Time (sec.)

Ignition switch NE signal Glow indicator Glow plug relay

Time (sec.)

ON OFF ST OFF ON OFF

t2 Coolant temp.

t1 Coolant temp.

Time (sec.)

ON OFF
ON OFF

t1

t3

t2

t3

Coolant temp. (2/2)

REFERENCE: Variable-delay tipe Circuit REFERENCE: Fixed-delay tipe Circuit

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain
1.Deskripsi

Intake Shutter

Diafragma Valve

VSV

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain

Intake Shutter

Diafragma Katup

VSV

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain

Intake Shutter

Diafragma Katup

VSV

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Perlengkapan Lain

Intake Shutter

Diafragma Katup

VSV

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem Pelumasan

Dua Tipe Check Valve

1 Check valve

Oil nozzle Check valve Spring ke Oil nozzles Dari Main oil gallery

Check ball

Check ball

Pegas

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating
Waktu penyalaan lampu indikator: / Waktu preheating:
Ignition switch AM1 AM2 IG1 IG2 ST2 Preheating timer

Sirkuit tipe Fixed-delay

Glow indicator light

Glow plug relay Glow plugs

ke Voltege regulator terminal L

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Diagnosis Technician >> Mesin Diesel >> Mesin Diesel

Sistem preheating
Waktu penyalaan lampu:/ Waktu preheating:
Ignition switch AM1 AM2 IG1 IG2 ST2 Preheating timer

Sirkuit tipe Variable-delay

Glow indicator light ke Voltege regulator terminal L

Glow plug relay Glow plugs

Sensor temperatur air

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