CBGD: Nguyen Th Minh Trinh

Lu ng v tit lu - 1 -

1. LU NG
1.1 Cc gi thit nghin cu:
- Qu trnh lu ng l qu trnh on nhit,
- Tc ca lu cht trn mi im ca cng mt tit din ngang ca ng u
bng nhau v bng tc trung bnh trong tit din ,
- Lu lng khi lng ca lu cht qua mi tit din ca ng u bng nhau
v khng i theo thi gian:
const f f G hay
const
v
f
v
f
G
2 2 2 1 1 1
2
2 2
1
1 1
= e = e =
=
e
=
e
=

1.2 Cc thng s quan trng khi kho st qu trnh lu ng:
- Tc m thanh a:
kRT kpv
p
k a = =

=
- S Mach M:
a
M
e
=
1.3 Mt s quan h c bn ca dng lu ng:
- p sut v tc :
di vdp
2
d
2
= =
e


- Tc v khi lng ring:
e
e
=

d
M
d
2






CBGD: Nguyen Th Minh Trinh
Lu ng v tit lu - 2 -

- Hnh dng ng v cc thng s khc:
M < 1 M > 1

Ong nho
dan
Ong ln
dan
Ong nho
dan
Ong ln
dan
Toc o
e
e
=
d
) M (
f
df
1
2

Tang Giam Giam Tang
Ap suat
f
df
kM
p
dp
) M (
2 2
1 =
Giam Tang Tang Giam
The tch rieng
f
df
M
v
dv
) M (
2 2
1 =
Tang Giam Giam Tang
Nhiet o
f
df
) k ( M
T
dT
) M ( 1 1
2 2
=
Giam Tang Tang Giam

1.4 ng tng tc nh dn:
1 2
e
1
< a e
1
< e
2
= a
p
1
p
2
< p
1





CBGD: Nguyen Th Minh Trinh
Lu ng v tit lu - 3 -

- Xc nh tc ti ca ra
2
e :
oi vi hi nc
2
1 2 1 2
2 e + = e ) i i (
Thong thng
1
e rat be so vi
2
e nen ) i i ( 2
2 1 2
= e
oi vi kh ly tng
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

= = e

k
1 k
1
2
1 1 2 1 p 2
p
p
1 v p
1 k
k 2
) T T ( c 2
- Lu lng qua ng:
G =
2
2 2
v
f e

- Trng thi ti hn:
La trang thai ma toc o ca ra vi ti toc o am thanh:
2
e =
th
e = a
khi o ap suat p
2
cua lu chat ca ra at gia tr nho nhat p
th
.
at:
1
th
th
p
p
= | goi la t so ap suat trang thai ti han.
Kh ly tng 1 nguyen t:
th
| = 0,484
Kh ly tng 2 nguyen t:
th
| = 0,528
Kh ly tng 3 nguyen t tr len va hi qua nhiet:
th
| = 0,546
Hi nc bao hoa:
th
| = 0,577
Khi toc o at en trang thai ti han (ln nhat) th lu lng cua dong moi chat
at gia tr ln nhat G
max
Nh vay khi tnh toan can phai so sanh t so ap suat
1
2
p
p
va
th
| :
1
2
p
p
> |
2
e <
th
e , G < G
max
1
2
p
p
= |
2
e =
th
e , G = G
max
, p
2
= p
th
=
th
| p
1

CBGD: Nguyen Th Minh Trinh
Lu ng v tit lu - 4 -
Toc o ti han:
oi vi kh ly tng
(

= e

k
1 k
th 1 1 th
1 v p
1 k
k 2

oi vi hi nc ) i i ( 2
th 1 th
= e trong o i
th
la entanpi cua hi nc ng
vi ap suat ti han p
th

Lu lng ln nhat G
max
=
th
th 2
v
f e

Trong o i
th
va v
th
xac nh theo s
th
= s
1
va p
th
=
th
| p
1

1 2
e
1
< a e
2
= e
th
= a
p
1
p
2
= p
th
= p
1
G
max


1.5 ng tng t hn hp (ng laval)
1 2
e
1
< a
e
th
= a
p
1
p
th
= p
1
G
max
e
2
> a
p'
2
= p
2
<p
th
< p
1
p'
2




CBGD: Nguyen Th Minh Trinh
Lu ng v tit lu - 5 -

Lu lng G
max
=
th
th min
v
f e
, f
min
: tiet dien tai co ong
Toc o ca ra:
oi vi kh ly tng
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

= e

k
1 k
1
2
1 1 2
p
p
1 v p
1 k
k 2

oi vi hi nc ) i i ( 2
2 1 2
= e

2. TIT LU
ac iem cua qua trnh tie t lu
- Xem la qua trnh oan nhiet khong thuan nghch, 0 > As
- Ap suat giam xuong do xuat hien nhng dong xoay va ma sat rat manh, khong
sinh cong.
- Entanpi ca moi chat trc va sau tiet lu co gia tr bang nhau: i
1
= i
2


p
1
i
1
p
2
i
2
i
1
p
1
i
2
p
2