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SAYRE’S MATERIA MEDICA - Part III
LEGUMINOSÆ.—Pulse Family
Herbs, shrubs, or trees with alternate and usually compound leaves.
Flowers
papilionaceous, or rarely regular.
Stamens
usually ten and mostly monadelphous ordiadelphous.
Pistil
becoming in fruit a legume, from which the order takes its name.Most of the plants are innoxious; the marked exception to the rule, however, is thecalabar bean.
230. GLYCYRRHIZA.—
GLYCYRRHIZALICORICE ROOTThe dried rhizome and root of
Glycyrrhi'za gla'bra
typica Regel et Herder, and
Glycyrrhiza glabra glandulif'era
Regel et Herder. Spanish and Russianrespectively.BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS.—Plants 4 to 5 feet high.
Leaves
impairipinnate;
leaflets
about 13, oval.
Racemes
axillary, flowers distinct, pale blue.
Legume
ovate,compressed.
Sayre’s Materia Medica part III - Page 1
SOURCE.—Russia exports the largest amount, Syria the smallest.Partiality for the Spanish root is now unwarranted; the dose digging,and the limited and practically exhausted fields of Spain are the causesof its deterioration. Russia, with its new and almost unlimited fields,furnishes roots rich in glycyrrhizin and extractive, much better suitedfor commercial purposes because better and cheaper than the Spanishroot. Anatolian root ranks between the Spanish and Russian in thequality of sweetness. In commerce no attention is paid to the botanicalvarieties of licorice root. From the root alone it is quite impossible todetermine its true botanical origin, the usual designation being from the
Sayre’s Materia Medica part III - Page 2
countries of growth, as Spanish, Russian, Anatolian, etc., although allvarieties except the Spanish are often classified as “Greek root.” Peeledroot may now be prepared in Russia, but Syria formerly prepared it forshipment to Europe, some of which found its way into the market as“peeled Russian.”DESCRIPTION OF DRUG.—
Long, cylindrical pieces
from 5 to 25mm. (
1
/
5
to 1 in.) in diameter;
externally dark-brown,longitudinally wrinkled; internally of a light-yellow color;pliable, fibrous
, tough, readily
tearing into long, fibrous strips
.Odor peculiar, earthy, taste sweetish, afterward acrid. A
cross-section
shows a rather thick bark, the inner layer of which is composedprincipally of bast fibers. The
meditullium is made up of threekinds of cells
, ligneous, with oblique ends, parenchymatous, almostcubical, and large pitted ducts giving to the wood a porous appearance.Wood-wedges narrow, separated by distinct medullary rays.
Glycyrrhizal glabra glandulifera
, so-called Russian, is thicker, lesssweet, and more acrid than
G. glabra typica
(Spanish).
Powder
.—Characteristic elements; See Part iv, Chap. I, B.
Sayre’s Materia Medica part III - Page 3
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