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Y`j~mg|nugb~yny jal CaiunjynlIucfn Uj|ny
Ja Nf{cucij` Jaj`sycy bh |gn Y{c``bxnu Hubf‐\gn O~am`n‖ Ca|b |gn Y~uub~alcam Ibff~ac|s
Jfs O! Hc|uj`l
^acxnuyc|s bh ]calybu 
@calj Dj`bh \gbfjy Lc|
 Fcigcmja Y|j|n ^acxnuyc|s
Fbu |gja :;; sjuy jh|u ^{|ba Ycai`jcu lab~ail |g fjyycx y`j~g|ugb~y ibf{`w caIgcijb jy j ‐o~a`,‖ z~j`c|j|cx ijy y|~ls uyjuig gjy lbi~fa|l a~fub~y aj|cxhhi|y bh y`j~g|ugb~yy ba }buduy jal ibff~ac|cy! Bh |g ybicj` {ube`fy beyuxl ca|gy ibff~ac|cy, |g caiujyy ca iucf gjx ea {ju|ci~`ju`s lujfj|ci! \gy caiujyygjx ea |gbucl jy eca `cadl |b |g lfbuj{gci igjuji|ucy|ciy bh |g }buduy, ybicj`lcybujacj|cba ca |g ibff~ac|cy, jal caiujyl ~af{`bsfa| uj|y! E~| |gy w{`jaj|cbaygjx ab| ea f{cucij``s |y|l, jal ab uyjuig gjy jlluyyl |g {byycec`c|s bh j `cad e|}a|g caiujyl iucf uj|y jal |g xcb`a| }bud |gj| |jdy {`ji ca |g fj|{jidca cal~y|us! \gcyy|~ls ~yy {ja` jaj`sycy bh :33<&5;;5 lj|j ba abaf|ub{b`c|ja ib~a|cy ca y|j|y }c|g ‐ucg|&|b&}bud‖ `j}y 'j |b|j` bh >7: ib~a|cy# |b jaj`s |g hhi| bh y`j~g|ugb~yy ba |g y~uub~al&ca ibff~ac|cy ~yca eb|g bulcajus `jy| yz~juy jal aj|cx ecabfcj` uuyycba! \ghcalcay calcij| |gj| y`j~g|ugb~y f{`bsfa| caiujyy |b|j` juuy| uj|y, juuy|y hbu xcb`a|iucfy, juuy|y hbu uj{, jal juuy|y hbu b|gu yw bhhayy ca ibf{jucyba }c|g b|gu cal~y|ucy!\gcy y~y|y |g wcy|ai bh j ‐Ycai`jcu hhi|‖ ~acz~ |b |g xcb`a| }bud{`ji bh |g y`j~g&|ugb~y, j hji|bu |gj| gjy ab| {uxcb~y`s ea wjfcal ca |g ybicb`bs bh xcb`ai!
 Dns}buly?
fnj|{jidcam cal~y|us4 y`j~mg|nugb~yny4 iucfn4 nf{`bsfna|4 u~uj` ibff~ac|cny
J
| |g |~ua bh |g 5;|g ia|~us, ^{|ba Ycai`jcu w{byl |g lxjy|j|ca }bud ibalc|cbayjal `cxca axcubafa|y bh |gby }gb |bc`l ca Igcijb–y y|bidsjul y`j~g|ugb~yy!Ca
\gn O~am`n
g fjl j ibaai|cba e|}a |g a~fub~y jh|u&}bud hcg|y cay|cj|l esy`j~g|ugb~y }buduy jal |g dc``ca jal lcyffeuca bh jacfj`y j`` ljs j| }bud?
G T|g {b`ci bhhciuV gjy |b e {ubf{|“hbu |gy |}b&b–i`bid&ca&|g&fbuaca hcg|y, ch |gsbai | b~| bh gjal, ju `cd j hbuy| hcu, jal fjs fja |g }gb` uyuxy j| |g y|j|cba! \g|gca |b lb cy |b iujid xus hcg|ca gjl |gj| sb~ ija y, ehbu |gu ju yb fjas hcg|cagjly |gj| sb~ ijaab| iujid jas bh |gf! \gu cy e~| yija| jiib~a| d{| bh iujidl gjly ca ejid bh |g Ty|bidV sjuly,
 hbu fna }gb gjxn |b iujid |gn gnjly bh jacfj`y j`` ljs ynnf |b mn| ca|b |gn gjec|, jal |b {uji|cin ba |gncu hucnaly, jal nxna ba |gncu hjfc`cny, en|}nna |cfny
 'Ycai`jcu, :3;>":3<8, {{! :7&:3#!
:
Bumjacj|cba ( Naxcubafna|
Xb`~f WW A~feu WFba|g WWWW ww&ww£ 5;;3 YJmn [~e`cij|cbay:;!::==":;78;588;3997:8<g||{?""bj!yj{~e!ibfgby|l j|g||{?""ba`ca!yj{~e!ibf
 
5 Bujacj|cba ( naxcubafa|
J`|gb~g |g ‐Ycai`jcu gs{b|gycy‖“|g {ub{ayc|s hbu xcb`a| iucf cy caiujyl es}bud |gj| caxb`xy |g ub~|ca y`j~g|u bh b|gu jacfj`y“gjy ab| ea cxa f~ig j||a&|cba, buj{guy, ybicb`bcy|y, jal ja|gub{b`bcy|y gjx e~a |b wjfca |g ibff~ac|shhi|y bh |g fcuj|cba bh y`j~g|ugb~yy hubf ~ueja jujy |b u~uj` ibff~ac|cy! Jy }}c`` l|jc` e`b}, |g hujfca bh |gj| }bud cy yb`cl`s ub~all ca ibff~ac|s ybicb`bs,}gu }bud ba ‐ebbf|b}ay‖ uy~`|ca hubf j a} cal~y|us ibfca |b |b}a gjy ea j|b{ci bh uyjuig hbu j| `jy| |gu lijly 'y Euus, Dujaacig, ( muclu, :33;4 Ijfjyyb( ]c`dcayba, :33;4 Hu~laeu, :37:, :37<, :3784 Hu~laeu ( Obay, :33:4 G~a|u,Dujaacig, ( Yfc|g, 5;;54 Dujaacig, Euus, ( muclu, :3734 Yfc|g, Dujaacig, ( G~a|u, 5;;:4]c`dcayba, Usab`ly, \gbf{yba, ( By|uyg, :37<4 ]c`dcayba, \gbf{yba, Usab`ly, (By|uyg, :375#! \g j{{`cij|cba bh |g ‐ebbf|b}a‖ gs{b|gycy jal u`j|l |gbucy |bfj|{jidca ibff~ac|cy ~alu|gbucy |g y`j~g|ugb~y ca |gj| c| |uj|y |g }bud bh dc``ca jacfj`y jy fbu bu `yy |g yjf jy b|gu jyyfe`s `ca }bud! ] }c`` lfbay|uj||gj| j ‐ybicb`bs bh |g y`j~g|ugb~y,‖ 'Sbud, 5;;<# }gcig j||aly |b |g ~acz~ igjuji&|ucy|ciy bh |gcy hbuf bh }bud, cy all!J a~feu bh uia| ybicb`bcij` y|~lcy gjx y~y|l |gj| fjas ybicj` {ube`fy jal {gabfaj ijaab| e jlz~j|`s ~aluy|bbl ~a`yy } wjfca |g ybicj` ub` bh abag~&fja jacfj`y! Hbu wjf{`, Ju`~d jal Yjaluy ':338# jal Cuxca '5;;<# y~y| |gj|ibf{jacba jacfj`y ija {`js |g ub` bh |g Flcja ‐b|gu‖ ca ca|uji|cbay! Hc|uj`l'5;;>, 5;;=# jal H`saa '5;;;j, 5;;;e# lfbay|uj| |g cf{bu|jai bh ibf{jacba jac&fj`y ca |g lsajfciy bh ca|cfj| {ju|au xcb`ai! Oub`fjid '5;;=# wjfcay |g cf{bu&|jai bh jacfj`y ca ibay|u~i|ca |gacic|s jal gb} ybf y{icy eibf ibay|u~i|l jyybicj` {ube`fy 'Oub`fjid, 5;;7#! Aceu| '5;;5# jal ]caluy jal Aceu| '5;;<# ju|ci~&`j| |g fsucjl }jsy |g b{{uyycba bh jacfj`y jal g~fjay ju `cadl }c|gca |g ysy|fbh cal~y|ucj`cl jacfj` juci~`|~u! Dj`bh '5;;=# lbi~fa|y |g iuc|cij` ub` jacfj`y gjx {`jsl ca ]y|ua ybic|s hbu |gb~yjaly bh sjuy! \gy jal fjas b|gu uia| y|~lcyfjd |gj| ijy |gj| g~fja ca|uji|cbay }c|g abag~fja jacfj`y f~y| e jlz~j|`s |gb&ucl |b ~aluy|jal j a~feu bh ds ybicj` {gabfaj! H~u|gu, ybicj` bujacj|cbay juhuz~a|`s j| |g ia|u bh b~u fby| ibf{`w 'jal gjufh~`# u`j|cbay }c|g jacfj`y 'mjcay( Oufcu, 5;;;#! Ca {ju|ci~`ju, Uãfs '5;;9# jal Yfc|g '5;;5# gjx lfbay|uj|l |gj| |gy`j~g|ugb~y bii~{cy j iba|ujlci|bus {byc|cba }c|gca ybic|s! Hbufj` u~`y jeb~| uz~cu&ca g~fja y`j~g|u jidab}`l |gj| ya|ca| iuj|~uy ju eca dc``l!
:
S| |gby }gbju ajl ca |g }bud bh |g y`j~g|ugb~y j`yb lx`b{ ibay|u~i|cbay |gj| j``b} |gf|b ijuus b~| |gcy }bud! \gcy iba|ujlci|cba lby ab| bii~u }ga |g y~eoi| bh |g cal~y|ucj` {ubiyy cy ab| ja jacfj`!Ca |gcy ju|ci`, } |y| |g ju~fa|“|g Ycai`jcu gs{b|gycy“|gj| y~y|y |gj| |g}bud bh cal~y|ucj` jacfj` y`j~g|u }c|g c|y cagua| iba|ujlci|cba gjy j lchhua| hhi| ba`bij` ibff~ac|cy |gja b|gu hbufy bh cal~y|ucj` }bud! ] wjfca |g u`j|cbaygc{ e|}a y`j~g|ugb~y f{`bsfa| `x`y jal iucf uj|y, iba|ub``ca hbu |g xjucje`yibffba`s {ub{byl ca |g `c|uj|~u jy jyybicj|l }c|g iucf ca ibff~ac|cy, jal }ibf{ju |g hhi|y bh |g y`j~g|ugb~y cal~y|us }c|g b|gu fja~hji|~uca cal~y|ucy |gj|ju ycfc`ju ca `jebu hbui ibf{byc|cba, cao~us jal c``ayy uj|y, e~| lchhua| ca |gj| |gfj|ucj`y bh {ubl~i|cba ju cajacfj| beoi|y, uj|gu |gja jacfj`y! B~u cfflcj| bj` cy|b wjfca |g ij~yy bh iucf ca y`j~g|ugb~y ibff~ac|cy, cai`~lca |g Ycai`jcu gs{b|gycy, jal |gues iba|uce~| |b |g lcyi~yycba bh }g|gu bu ab| |gcy ybicj` {ube`fija e ~aluy|bbl }c|gb~| |jdca jiib~a| bh ‐|g jacfj` B|gu‖ ca g~fja ybic|s!
 
Hc|uj`l | j`! " Y`j~g|ugb~yy jal Caiujyl Iucf Uj|y 9
\gn Ibff~ac|s Nhhni|y bh |gn Iba|nf{bujusY`j~mg|nugb~yn Cal~y|us
\g {ubl~i|cba jal y`j~g|u bh jacfj`y hbu g~fja ibay~f{|cba gjy caiujyl lujfj|c&ij``s ycai |g |cf bh Ycai`jcu–y }uc|ca, hjic`c|j|l es |g ‐hu‖ fjud| jal y|j| {b`cicy']caluy ( Aceu|, 5;;<#! \gcy caiujy gjy ea jiibf{jacl es lujy|ci igjay ca |gy`j~g|ugb~y bu fj|{jidca cal~y|us“fby| ab|je` ca |g {jy| h} lijly“cai`~lcaibu{buj| ibayb`clj|cba, |g u`bij|cba bh y`j~g|ugb~yy |b u~uj` jujy, j l{uyycba ca}jy, jal |g caiujyl uiu~c|fa| bh cffcuja| }buduy 'Y|~`` ( Eubjl}js, 5;;<4]caluy ( Aceu|, 5;;<#! \gy igjay gjx j||uji|l |g j||a|cba bh yigb`juy }gb gjxijuh~``s lbi~fa|l |gu jujy bh cf{ji|? 'j# cah`~ai ba |g {gsycij` axcubafa| jalg~fja gj`|g ca ibff~ac|cy }gu y`j~g|ugb~yy gjx ea yc|l, 'e# {gsycij` cf{ji|y ba|g }buduy, jal 'i# ybicj` cf{ji|y ca |g ibff~ac|cy! B~u hbi~y cy ba |g `j||u ij|bus!n|gabuj{gci y|~lcy bh ibff~ac|cy }gu `ju y`j~g|ugb~yy gjx ea yc|l 'y~igjy Hcaas Ib~a|s, Djayjy4 @wca|ba, Aeujydj4 [uus jal Y|buf @jd, Cb}j4 m~sfba,Bd`jgbfj4 jal Eubbdy, J`eu|j# gjx lbi~fa|l gb~yca ygbu|jy 'l~ |b |g cah`~w bh }buduy ca|b |g ibff~ac|s#, caiujyl lfjal hbu ybicj` jyycy|jai 'l~ |b j a~feu bh hji|buy, cai`~lca |g `b} }jy {jcl es |g cal~y|us, gcg cao~us jal c``ayy uj|y, jal |ggcg f{`bs |~uabxu uj|#, jal ja caiujy ca iucf 'Eubjl}js, 5;;;4 Y|~`` ( Eubjl}js,5;;<#! Bh |gy ybicj` {ube`fy, caiujyl iucf uj|y gjx ea |g `jy| ujlc`s w{`jcaje`!\g y`j~g|ugb~y ibff~ac|s y|~lcy gjx lbi~fa|l lujfj|ci caiujyy ca iucf|gj| gjx b~|{jil caiujyy ca |g {b{~`j|cba! Caiujyy gjx ea lbi~fa|l hbu xcb`a|iucfy 'Eubjl}js, 5;;;4 mus, :337e4 Y|~`` ( Eubjl}js, 5;;<#, {ub{u|s iucfy 'mus,:33>#, jal lu~ bhhayy 'Gbub}c| ( Fc``u, :333#! Fby| bh |g caiujyy ca xcb`a| iucfuj|y gjx ea j||uce~|l |b caiujyy ca lbfy|ci xcb`ai jal igc`l je~y 'Eubjl}js,:33;, 5;;;, {! <;4 Y|~`` ( Eubjl}js, 5;;<, {! :;9#!
Iucfn Caiunjyny ca Y`j~mg|nugb~yn Ibff~ac|cny? \gnbus
\g w{`jaj|cbay {ub{byl hbu |g caiujy ca iucf uj|y ca y`j~g|ugb~y ibff~ac|cygjx ibj`yil ca|b |gu ij|bucy ub~all ca |g ybicb`bs bh ibff~ac|s iucf? w{`j&aj|cbay ejyl ba |g lfbuj{gci igjuji|ucy|ciy bh |g }budhbui, w{`jaj|cbay ejyl ba {b{~`j|cba ebbfy jal ybicj` lcybujacj|cba, jal w{`jaj|cbay |gj| {bca| |b ~af{`bs&fa|! \gy ij|bucy ju iu|jca`s ab| f~|~j``s wi`~ycx4 uj|gu, |gs u{uya| |guy|ujcay bh |gb~g| |gj| gjx lx`b{l uj|gu lcy|cai|`s ca |g `c|uj|~u ba y`j~g|ugb~yibff~ac|cy jal ca y`j~g|ugb~y ibff~ac|cy |gfy`xy!
Iucfn jy j uny~`| bh |gn lnfbmuj{gci igjuji|nucy|ciy bh |gn }budhbuin
! F~ig j||a|cba gjy ea lcui|l |b |g lfbuj{gci {ubhc` bh y`j~g|ugb~y f{`bsy! ]gujy |g auj` {~e`ci, flcj, jal xa bxuafa| bhhcicj`y gjx hbi~yl ba |g cffcuj|cba y|j|~y bh y`j~g|ugb~y f{`bsy ca u`j|cba |b iucf 'lcyi~yyl e`b}#, |g jijlfci `c|uj|~u gjyhbi~yl ba |g j, alu, jal fjuc|j` y|j|~y bh |g }buduy jy {byca ja caiujyl iucfcab&aci ucyd, }c|g sb~a yca` fj`y fby| `cd`s |b yd f{`bsfa| ca |g fj|{jidca cal~y&|us 'Eubjl}js, :33;, :33<, 5;;;, 5;;:4 Eubjl}js ( Y|~``, 5;;84 Y|~`` ( Eubjl}js, 5;;<#!C| cy, gb}xu, ab| i`ju |gj| |g e~`d bh |gby }gb fbx |b y`j~g|ugb~y ibff~ac|cyju yca` fj`y! Cffcuj|cba hbu }bud {~u{byy auj``s caxb`xy |g hb``b}ca {ubiyy?
Notes
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