J. of Nuclear Sci. and Tech.

No. 51, pp. 70-76, 2010

51 1389 70-76

Sci. and Tech. note

- PAGAT ..
3

* 1 2

-1 518 : -
-2 71946-84471 : -
-3 14665-599 : -

: - PAGAT
.. 4/5 : N'-N --

4/5 5 5 0/01 86 .
60Co Theratron-780c
. .. 1/5T .
.. .
PAGAT
. 60Co 0/5cm 100 21cm
48 6 4 18MV 21cm 57/3 52
59/73 .
PAGAT 80 480cGy/min R2
. PAGAT
.

: - PAGAT

Investigation of Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and Dose Rate Dependence of

PAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Photon Beams Using MRI Technique
B. Azadbakht*1, K. Hadad2, M.H. Zahmatkesh3
1- Faculty of Engineering, Borujerd Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box: 518, Borujerd - Iran
2- Faculty of Engineering, Shiraz University, P.O.Box: 71946-84471, Shiraz - Iran
3- Novin Medical Radiation Institute, P.O.Box: 14665-599, Tehran - Iran

Abstract: In this work, the investigation of the normoxic PAGAT polymer-gel dosimeter percentage depth

dose (PDD) and its dose rate dependence has been made. Using MRI, the formulation to give the maximum
change in the transverse relaxation rate R2 was determined to be 4.5% N,N'-methylen-bis-acrylamide(bis),
4.5% acrylamid (AA), 5% gelatine, 5mM tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC), 0.01 mM
hydroquinone (HQ) and 86% HPLC(Water). Irradiation of vials was performed using photon beams of Co-60
therapy unit and an Electa linear accelerator. Gel dosimeters were imaged in a Siemens Symphony 1.5 Tesla
clinical MRI scanner using a head coil. Post-manufacture irradiation and post imaging times were both
selected to be 1 day. For determing the percentage depth dose of the PAGAT gel it was found that at the depth
of 21cm, the percentage depth dose for 1.25 MeV -ray photons of 60Co and for 4,6 and 18 MV x-ray photons
of Electa linear accelerator, are 48%, 52%, 57.3% and 59.73%, respectively. Thus, in the case of the higher
energy photon beams, a higher dose can be delivered to deep-seated tumors. The dose rate dependence of PDD
was studied for 6 MV x-ray photons with the use of dose rates of 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 and 480cGy/min. No
trend in polymer-gel dosimeter 1/T2 dependence was found on the mean dose rate and energy for the photon
beams.

Keywords: Polymer-Gel Dosimeter, PAGAT Normoxic Polymer Gel, PDD, Dose Rate
*email: azad_bakhtiar@yahoo.com

88/2/10 : 88/11/12 :

 1389 51

-1

] .[2

].[1

] 2 .[5

. .

) (1

] .[2

) (2 ) PAG(3

] .[6

PAGAT

. ) (THPC)(5

PAG

] .[3

] 6 5 4 .[7

)( 4

PAGAT

] .[4 PAGAT

) (%90-80

) (. . .

TLD

] 1 .[7

) ( ] 2 .[8

..

 . . .

] .[6 ) (6

2-2

R2

PAGAT .

PAGAT
.
- PAGAT

-2

1-2

0/5cm 15cm 15cm

1-1-2 PAGAT

.
3

PAGAT

1cm 25cm 100cm .

4/5 :

N' N - - 4/5

5 5 0/01

86 ] .[7

49C .
N' N - -

3-2

. N' N - -

1-3-2 Co

60Co

50

5000cGy . 20cm20cm

5cm 100cm .

PAGAT . 1

PAGAT

100ml

20cm25cm20cm

PAGAT .

60

10cm10cm30cm
-1

100ml .PAGAT
Quantity

Component

2-3-2

)Gelatine (300Bloom

- PAGAT

5gr

5%

4.5gr

4.5%

)N,N'-methylen-bis-acrylamide (bis

4.5gr

4.5%

)Acrylamide (AA

0.088cc

5mM

)Tetrakis-phosphonium chloride (THPC

) (7

0.11cc

0.01mM

)Hydroquinone (HQ

86ml

86%

R2 Co-60
6 4 18MV

60

Co

)HPLC (Water

PAGAT

 1389 51

20cm25cm20cm

-2 .. .

20cm20cm 5cm

PARAMETERS
}Field of view (FOV) {mm
)Marrix size (MS
}Slice Thickness (d) {mm
}Repetition Time (TR) {ms
}Echo Time (TE) {ms
Number of Slices
Number of Echoes
}Total Measurement Time {min
}Resolution {mm
}Band With {Hz/Pixel

256
512512
4
3000
20
1, 2, 3, 4
32
25-30
0.5
130

SSD=100cm .

10cm10cm30cm
20cm20cm 400cGy/min
SSD=100cm .

120

4-2

)Pdd(4MV

80
60

)Pdd(6MV

.. .

PDD

20cm25cm20cm

)Pdd(CO-60

100

40

)Pdd(18MV

..

20

1/5T .

0
25

R2

20

15

10

)Depth(cm

-1

2 .

.PAGAT

5-2

MATLAB

R2

R2

R2

.
.

-3
1-3 PAGAT

D
R
PDD = d 100 = d 100
Ddm
Rdm

4 PAGAT 1/25MeV

dm

6 4 18MV 25 .

%100 R2

1/25MeV 6 4 18MV

. 1

1/5 1/1 0/5 3/4cm.

:
.

 . . .
PDD for Co-60

100

80

60

40

20

PDD

120

25

20

15

10

)Depth (cm

1/25MeV

)PDD for X-ray (4MV

120

0/5cm 100 21cm

100

48 6 4

80

57/3 59/73 .

PDD

18MV 21cm 52

60
40

20

PAGAT

25

20

15

10

)Depth (cm

3/4cm 100
18MV .

)PDD for X-ray (6MV

60Co 96 . 21cm

120

18MV 59/73

100
80
60

PDD

60Co 48

40

. 2

20

PAGAT

1/25MeV 6 4 18MV

25

20

15

10

)Depth (cm

)PDD for X-ray (18MV

6 0/5cm

100

12cm 15cm3 PAGAT

80

6MV 20

60

400 320 240 160 80 480cGy/min

40

. R2

PDD

2-3 PAGAT

120

20

T2)1/T2 (

. 3

25

20

15

10

)Depth (cm

R2 PAGAT

-2 PAGAT

1/25MeV 6 4 .18MV

 1389 51

-4

R2

60

Co 0/5cm 100

PAGAT

21cm 48 .

6 4 18MV

. .

21cm 57/3 52 59/73

)R 2 R 2 (o
D

= Dosimeter Sensitivity

R2

D ) R2(

PAGAT

R2 . 4

BANG-2 ] .[9

410-7s-1Gy-1 (.

].[10
PAGAT

y=9E-06x+4.7273
R2=0.0169

R2 )
8

410-7s-1Gy-1

7.5

( . -

6
5.5

)R2(1/sec

6.5

PAGAT
PAGAT

5
4.5

4
480

400

240

320

80

160

BANG-2

)Dose Rate (cGy/min

-3 R2

BANG

.PAGAT

] 10 9 .[11

y= 4E-07x+0.1476
R2=0.0169

0.2

0.18

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.14
480

400

320

240

160

80

)Dosimeter Sensitivity (1/sec.Gy

0.19

1- Deconvolution
2- Hypoxic
3- PAG: Polyacryl Amid Gelatine
4- PAGAT: Polyacryl Amid Gelatine Agarose and
Tetrakis

5- THPC: Tetrallydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride

)(tetrekis
6- PDD: Percentage Depth Dose

7- Elekta

)Dose Rate (cGy/min

-4 PAGAT .

. . .

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