You are on page 1of 18

~ Ben' uk tulanllg

P em e fliitu .a Fa

-,,WI I:lIn g

p- sendlian

Iml~

m 10

IOI~'

d'y_" mekEIIm,USm,e aeraknYI

G era I< an Iinil gfJ I ill


IG anggluan "IlJI,anIQI IG -ng

.ua n

p@'lr1!U!n- i

Uln Of_at:

1-

b - ,a --~ '"I' u:t~ ilJI't~ J h :~i -~l:aL.'\f S,tHla:ns- 81' pa


'!

'Tang,g2tpian 'ie:rhact,a:p :rang,san:gan ',''a:n,:g' da:bml:g dari dalam . ---:.ilIIU'1f]IUn ! In In ad -',r --,, , ,II, l!.!u.1. 1 aka n-: ,iL, ' .... rrimbwlk ,I;." '-'In- ,r mll--(Jrlll~ 1ii;:~,,!'!..IU, ' --·'§l·1i ,r- """'" ~ & '~" ,Ii - - I, - ,,' (Ii """ &"
iIO;:~ tIllt·!lJt§I"1
I,

,I"

Illn---' ~

,11;,

lUi"

'!iii , '

fr'i'[~I!I"jjII, ,ii;,

~Iln-

ol!l

c;;",

I!lO'L,

1nJiln U'S,ia, Gil' 1\'a'

'a,

',~ " '~\~. ' uhsn Ii"t '_ - i't. I,.d hevr,M. '-:an, menusiate :1~.'Hl,al'·,JelbJtl~
Oi

Plerg',e,:mkart :pada h Wart. dan :manusia,:m}~,:_,'_'_pakan, ple:l~pad.'uan antara sistem :n~ang:1 d,an, Sistern otot, :R8l11s'ka ",'an:g :n1.l!:I UP akan a, s:I@':ra:ng kaian tu I,an r- ttd,ia:llg :ya.ng' s alin,g' be r "ub ung,an :1111! alui
,

Ii

"

tG ,,~- - balf' 14,.1


IG IS: ilkan pia dal man usia

psrsend . all, d.apa, b'@tg,@':ni,ak ... ,k,aJ: nr, clige:rakkan 01;9 - o'tot :~:allg' e rr -JJek'~' ~pad a, b.il.atIlgl' 01.1- h ~ '1- ~f~. It ra ~gL:a.,- ,~,Je:but S,S --I· ala g -'W'-, ptlS:fl'" IS'e,d:ang':kml, IO,·tICI,y _,:lne'-~g'gle'l~atkan ranglta d seb ~, QII"f ge'l'f_' I" tl,~ S'e,I~_,l.;~L~ l@'fl" ~Ii-Jajari!. bah :~'U,'u '_-"1,1 ng€L~~ ~'u:i 51: lruk U:f.-~ ,_- n,g:! i dian ,',e,ialDal') u ada alat ','erak manusia, '~,ari l C ":lnla:ti. uraiann ,8.,
-,~i: lakan,
I •

:-- ~,R'"i'IIp.'::'iIi ""~II·,'LU

marras ie me rupakan ~~etn:-·_~a. nd 0 ~~,iI:\.'i::',il";I!LV' ''.,~u,lll'~_u~', '~.-. ,Won y§; I 0' -111§;p '! I UI.~,~,L·I~W'UJ,1l.. ..,~11... .- '§!ii'"IiI ~ t L. a :,~,}'u.LLO' Ill;:W.-U,U,.'g"!:Ii:t d'],~ ~ "~IL'O~'!!.." berfungsi '- ~'u'k n1,el e1ka'tn,ya 0 0 I"-ang',,~: 'se;b:ag~I~, ,ge,-~-:-I,~ alat plas"f~, me ri1.dungi IO''l"'I~'OI:ga.n, 'tublt'h, y,g',elnm:\, .11~·U!-:\ fjan,g '_ ~I'U i be - ~u'; '~ul" It m----:----: pnlm" nt ~...1~- -----: l-s ~'1 ,...JI'-' -_=- d: - :~S _ b ,a:gai, temp i:!t- P 12' f"linjb unen rnine Jl:,W_i
J'
,0

arn:g'ka, ,:p',a.~":a '~ubuh


,0

'11=.1,L'

'~Ii!!io

Ik, ,- ..... '!::lilti"'llltil)'

'::IiI ''U''i!:II,'ii1''il

,I

i!!io ....

iii ,..

p"'~"

..

~il~

'~"J~I"11'J

U""'IIij"

..~.I ...I_·III·~'

,g;'.

.'II&.! .....

~ti.·~·

~~

.. l~·I~!IEi',IIUI·-

911

l-'il~

'_l--'

t
tuta:n:g-:'-~Jang' dangan sistem te:rb!'_ltU., Berdaaarken bentukt ,ya tul.an,g-tu-: ,a._,!:g 1"U'I" ,me!l,y'UI'_- _-~ :ran,gllt;a, tubuh d,a,p:allt: d ·'bag,i, rna Jadli empat rnaeem, :y'ait'u::: T
"I

_,' 11,g,ka 8! _,8, ab, sus unan 8

9 PI

iTulang pipih berbentuk : i,-,~h~ lelo:n'~o:hn'y·,a.,ad. l ah, tulang a :rtu~,u_ 't'u'~iU'r belika ~- ~ _ , y,:_a_. g' ling::: crak. '-"' la_c g' ,pm,' -'.~, __ 'p .. 1· eb ',_:)L if n Til., ~1';i'Ii m,OI m"l~ ~'k' l~ ~1 u ~ '~~:' Ii ~""t"!iI "U- I an ·.. 1L. ern ,_, 11. ~l,'· ~~ ~~r_, D __ Icb'i£ 1'.' dan, ~'nif,Cl'f,I'tJ,asis"k~fianl[,_:ang' dipis:1 ',' aIel' sa U, m.8t:pis:an tulang spo ngiosa yml'g disebut d~~ploe;'1
__ ~'l 1 _ll

_qllll_, _

I~

~L' .

,l!!' .II. ~

~_U III

I-'~ .

·1

l~

Y.

1 ".

,1a&J~~_~

JI.--sill

'V~IIi!"!iI!Ji" II' ~-U L': ",1.

iI!!'

~,lit

~~

_'.

u-

'~t-I;J ,',II;

'HI ,"

ll; Ill" lit:

TI,U :an,g' ~ errd ek berb e m1{uk k.ub us '


i

ata,

,_ e nd e'k '.i.d ak

b II raturaa, IfC' n bl hn r a, ruas ..'["U,ilS ~.t.t~a:_. '.e lakang, :Pang k 0'1, · g ,I': .. ga'n, dan, p 8J'n,g'-' ill '-. e{'- T'tt~,a"1:g i:n'~,.~. : e.m.'r :", - inti U:I ,,~'Ig r., " " -"k __.I.JJ.~,:llg:1. 11... .,••;1 s '011gu'lat yan,~' CL.I._· 1"11 ~ ", .E;.IO_,·_, _'-"IW(I&
r-

u,-.m,s
:1J" •• ",

iri atas ~ · T u, ang pllpa te- e III I 1~1J. e'pi· ..IS~,S b ,agllan U1Ullg U,"an! yanS .·1 .• '. -111 ~...... '-1,- (b--':' -. : ,i/i:.,-: m- , , be :_,--,; :--, .s'~ , 1-I,erlong~o,JL,Wl d -'( d'· ~m,ISU~lag-lW' -., tar .--._b.. " . 1-' . -:.-; ,&Jl1gw'L,U.81"lg di anta -a dua eli~,]s,i.s),~Di antara diafisis dan Ie pi; :'i~s;:i'star ·d,;~pa't
I
-

1-

'.'

I,"'

-",'

••

I~

'.

1-

~a!!!._ -

.I

••

ti

_. r.

11

.! .

•.

'

..

,'-

l'-

'.

ti

.'

'[

[.

"

',.

I'

'.".,

'I·'

:,--

... '

--;-;.1 ..,

-:-'1

·'1

'~.ulang' ri.1u!\n~)n ~.' .._I:n,·'uk ,_,=m,pe -,S,at'n atau eakrarn ~... '.-'" .,.-.. -.," ,..~", Cakr ,01e,nl,an'J8,ng a"ra,
lOl '.•

... 1 ','kl,'-f, - .. '1."" cax a e ,P 'i,Iif'.":,'i.,' ,mas .,~,h·a.,. i. 1118&. a ~,JJ, ~,S ~,S . , l"
1 .... 11 ',', ..

..".-~".~.',~ Ilo"dark a .', e p :n, ' IS,U; Ii.'.' . " .

,1:.'-111,,'-'" .. II. u.Jla,,~,l,g "

~-:,1.
m

",Yh, lj.·.,: a m,BSll, c,~,a", a t


.', ....•

e:pi,fi,sis,~ , ika
I '.

I.""',~,: l]l

j. [' ,Ii-.-. ,8.,gm s e, . ,1,eu l

ll,

:,-'.'

,I

Ur

-'.

"20·".. 8h,u,nll'
' . I, ," ,·'1

11.1alml ra r .,_:2~ S'ruldl~r tu~a g pilla -

Tu I
. 1·

]1

t
',AA:
_'IL., 'b-

t
~.., .-

k y:. 'Ill I!.I.J;J,~ teJ1"ft'IU.'l~t' ",;;1 _'1>0[TU_,aJlg ini ti d ak memi liki b en t'Lt._v :Sle:p e f.'ti, p:&p. a, :PIe !,dl lei lC ft, _ u at '_.' ipih, Ccntch h.. :dan,:g tak berbentu ", ym. u 'l"'~llja.:h, dan ttl a'f1ig be 1.*j3J.ng
'l-"tLM,g

_':I~."ell'UJK. m~'.n'~,_l~:l VI_:.:n'tuL-.

"t.." 'IJ...

",

lI'

.' " ill;' .. I .r,iJ.I ,';,'"

Pm
"l~ ;jgl

u
·1I!O.1Ii~ ,~,

Tul n
':1~n

Se lam. P er kernb art"S; ru~,emb rio, 'S eb ag,~ b as 8'1" :. e ,-an,:gk:a 2l'1' 'n~"-:,-~..J ;I'--~I atas t Q1n- ",", ''"''',.' ~I~gu . 11~·,gr-1~ '0 . . .. ".!Iii!"". . ,ii.' '~'D v &0lbil ,1,lli, ~'" u. D ~-,'.' !!I."",,,.. b ~.rw'ar~-,ft trans Pia ran, dan leb ih Itn'~tn~~, 'til lah d I' 1,~asa, 'ulan,g' _ S'II ,ra' an d.ig;a:n';'i dengan ,tula'ng!! ITtti,_'R'g ~n d:i,seb' rr t'UJ,B' .1~8' , :'le:nC8',an.'j '~ulang ~~,a\wanll Sielain, tulang 'b21_ sebut, pada man,' s ia d J".' :-g'"~a '~Iil!iI'I"',d" ~'p.' ,U-1,~'ii1"'ft(0', 1~'~"ill"!r""''':="'I'j Y'§'iii"IihiD".·' be ,.-.'1:- emb.. ' d 'I" ,d"'j 'Ll,. "m, .' Im-,D U 1.
.,

pg-

Q1n-:'

J!Oi'L

,J;;. ""'" , .' ,iI;,~'

11.._

~jlilr~

\~

,gtt.-JA

,'.

!1;

iI!Ii,1!'

'~:~Hfb~ IIiY. ~L>Ii,

I ~)~

IIL,,;,~.

".

'_'

"_

,_.

~I' IL-~ , : ~.

L-H

ILC
'_"

I.••

,I!;.

,11i..Ili..ii,

!U.iI,

,~!Il;j

,L

,L-U, LD i!;!Iil'~"!iiO"' .,'


"_

~I'~,~""! ~~,ilL-_go,.Ii, Ii,

_'"_

~' ; ,'!:IIi,U- ',~!t.£


'. !Iii -

'III~. iSi,'

'-K- ~,- u I,ilia ,. ~ 0-:'1' ~ ~ ]'~. ."'~

~ .

':

I .. 1'1
J

l~ 1..1 ~ 'II'~'!I!' ~ 1!.,.1 'L 'U.' ~I,ii' IJ ~I./~If~' if1Jl:'1 &. IL~
J

, I ~,~... ~llil
11~i

..

al . m"l .'.~ I~'


J

l'i~'11'U."~ 1 IW; "IrU :-;L;!!:IrI' w.


aJl I

'. lUI: .
.'

~,'iiI"IIlg:.· ,~IIL.
..

1-

l-~.i!;llil ~_tJ
J

a'-~ ..

I t~llll

,t',.'ill 11 ~ ~,n "0 '~'n CIt' ~,iIL , l' ~)i"iL ~

(.

,Il10 ~ til

IlL~dl"{a',

'I!"!Ii!D"

'',Q

'L' p-'

~I

IIiii

'n-0- g'-" -,.-: "Q!' .~. I ~ ',-

'·1IlL,·',-,

tul ~,'n-0'" e· iO'

'iiI' g, - ,.. § tf"Iil -

i.~, ~1;

I,

C'l m''iI''!If . ;l'~, L,

".ul_ :18:) s'e'cl"_ j~ lus "olegis ad,alaI" I_--_-_ , ,:1:I"'k,e'~-_,Iba'l'B'~a'1"n,:~&

_I",apli

~,anya, a rb eda b

>eaJ'fiJ

,A,~~~'a~ '. le'm'ble'nt:U,_;~an ,.;etlill~'JI b eru .,:8, tul.an,:g !~a:-I\an,.p:aL~;a manusia ',Ie:l."b,e:n: secara !se~m,pl'u'!~n;a uk pada ak 11ir' b',-'-'all kedua ' iI'I!Il:J,,_'1 11 .... '1 mn li -:-' b -"on. '-, ~ 0- 1l;.,,~ '..., _ g~"'I! IU _"~ g ~ - 11i!lii1'm-<'lI... ~ -; ,- k u l.
!!ii1i
(i.dL § Ii; oj] ~LIUJ i§j; tIf IWI 1, III

'111.. ~' ~I~ .....

"·ll..~

I ~-tt

~: ~ll 'iii'I!~,

l!§i,

J.

",

'III Ill!

~'nl tiii 'F"'Ii-"lir UJlJlll1 11;;;'&.,.& II

1.'

II }!i~!I!

~ldi.IIt,O ~JIti-.I

'ifi"'lii

'!Qi'iin-

~U

:,_,"

,ii, , '

""'8-' .~, 'n. ,, g ~


.

I,

IllIi,

.JI,~ '~"'I
,iii

Ci, 1!lJ!!; n-:-I "


"1

oj, oj,

1Ij;;-",,1i!.. - . I!@..
1 -

'L

Ol"~

A~I tl: ~'II'~'Q,~. IY' ~';Ri, I. ~"K,'!;;~ ,

gl'-_\gj

~~,~,

-.

1-:-"61

'u'.,C;'

!Iii;

,illll,_

~-"lI1

J'" ~

g [ ,~" .

n-: \0' G!""'!:iIi

CiU,

~~

II

. - -: ii!:!!i,!Ii!" tar,
,

.I,!!=.

iO!' !I;..

n~ IA"iI;,II,,Al, 1L.,,~tl f

'V"'.iiiIIi1 ,-,"'Ii,

0" ' J' 'g,]J; I~,O "m-

j-

II;

!I!!Ii '-"iiI. -

"1 ,I'L,o ~"~' ' !:ia,'i'm-: .~ .,J!

gtFtii(J.-lglfll
~J~.~,

~o' ~ ~, ~

havers :n.ll@·ng'an kut zat , esfer dan kalsjum msnuju :n1.:8. 'riks s : hi .-gg~.matriks ' ang"m,e:njrad ixla ras.K -l!r:.eras-l'- " uIml,g d,:~p,e"rcle dati ~ -kom:p ~':W\l 'SI_ ~"'St m:1 ~I:n:~ _'n, tulan_g,~ 'U~S'
l ,

'I

,I'

j' 'n'" -I ,~_la'l,:gspens, c'ont:oh:n:ya "'ular ,:g pl:~:p]r.L51!__l,g~"M-iI jika rna __ a :L._'s ulang menja ,,' ~ adat dan rapat, maka al 'an, tie,Ie:, I,ttl", t'u1a11S 'j, keras atau 'tlulan", ,- ompak, eontohnya tulan"~' pi ,'a..
'-', '0 I al-~
" [' ·lr- ."

11 g, 'I

til Iii !§t,

n,' ..

'i'!jj
iJ

iFi' lliJ!Ii:-wil.·I! I

!OI,'t "1-"'~ ,t
~'!i1I"

A ~L1II

"D

Q"' -"

',-:"AI Fill 0' iil:t


f

W Al'I'D

~ D~

,-I

, _t..~,
~~ilil

'g,ti'iii'

!ii~gi!ltl'

l.

~ - '"iII- -;-1 il§il


~'l

l.-t-<.

,_',

.I

tab ung deng an kJ3', -'a, 'uju,ng -,-, -::at' ' -- ~'I ' S: , .m'lb- g!itt . '~n ~- - ~~-.-.' , ~ rd ~ ata ~ tul!l ~ ,t""~ 'l,. IUd U . ,~u·· '. :..~~L& .. fll"'l~ '~ ~'IU'" a' ,~ b ~f!!i'''l~' , '\0 ~ y. 'ftlO' l' , a ~~ -Ita s w-~"I~ ij'lIl'"if"'i' 'U- ~n- ',od ~D ~tJi __1arnn,y;,~~ ong8'ft,:S\Ul,surn tu:~ang a R d,,_~ I~OI:n,g,g,a _\tLan~ S:I'o'n,g~osa, men:s,and,u11g sumsum 'tu,'a;n,:gk'u'nin,I, (b!:~,diriatas Sle~, lemak] dan sumsum tuJang' merah (te .:"pat pe", bentukan sel darah merah].
IT'ld,:a'llg :pipa be ,b'snluk
... ~~~lnJ!i :.' '1'_ "

§I

~.

"~-igJ iii

0,

lJlLlii ~l

~-~

1~"i§1!

,"

g'

I,'

Al

-,',

-:1'~11L.. ,'g,
i~_lIJl

;. --:!I!r.!
i -, .

~: l.a IoJl !iJ!. ~ ~-~ Jl~.

~.

~Jl.R.IlJ

'11 '~IiI"!iII

,i."i!,

,I

iA,

J'

ItO·'~

AI Ii!!!! I§I
~

~ I~,

~!

_JJl.

'I

~.JL

~ --'_

I.-

J'

Q..-e-

eio
~,

1-

Proses

osifi'aJs':',

= ada, '~rul.m~g pipe "ali. d ari tulang

'te'm~ja.d:i.dalam be 'b @1'-a,_ a,


i

tahap, y'aiu':
~'e!:n,u,la'n,g',a,:n di.a

rawan '_' 'a:n,g '10 a:n,y'al

:ll1e!:n,g'8,nd,u,' 8" os taoblas.

:S:a:gia.n, y"an,g '. a" in,:g b,anY'2J,k :n1J91lS"~ -:,d:u,ngostaob las adalah ep ifi's, is: de -, diafis: ~ s.
"

'Te" adi :perker l,b angan, ,-us at osifi -I, asi ,P:' ,tm,el~:"811,8:

is ertai

collla~~~ Pad a ba.;gia'n, serttral 'l'uman,g' 'J!"fjad..i ',.el'ro:m:~' akan s ~,_,,,,,s_l 'tu1aI18'[reabsorpsi ttl1an,g) se: ,-,:n,:gga,psmbuluh darah mulai n'1"!ii~'!II:':U-' k d ~_"i" t 'b' sntuk '~~n,nl'-'g. sumsum ulan ,,' ~
den '"an :pe'rlulas:an,
bOl1'e
i ,j

1"'LJL~j._

f,_

"_

'''.::!ii'~

._~·l_'

lla'

,_,!~__I.

I.

ill U&i'l.

"

~.

dJI.~

~~

.~.Ii

!iiI

.'

"

"

'--

!!

,P' =m:b,e'_'_tu:k:an pusat os~:fi __ s:i, lel'k'u~Ji,e't muneul p,ad'a ~seti,ap a


e
.1:-,'

isis. Osifikas':~, sekunds ' ini 'm,e'llye:ai ',k,;m:,',enlanjan,gan

'b. :1811,g ~

.
,

"

Q,

~,

.'

iIl;.:'
,

)
"'I

IPinJi'ses Cl'~' r'31si '~ulang p:an1S!ng ·"angl~, -"a ' dla ~ J!a'llg- __ ~n '~Irfelbih dallliiluiu
'I

1(3 I~ -,balf'4,~3

bu
Pada menusia,
ill' 'II"i!l:Ii
~if;J~l~.·

keran
,C!'
,~~~'.wJ!I;

'~e-,""n.n- I· Lj"-'l~

_'IL.. ~ .~....... 1 A '!:IIi'il'ii 1 UI~: Ii ~rfi11.lru

'~L., ii!!i.

ka 'tttbtl'h (s':k.e1.etl:on,)I,,~,ba,gi :m,E'njad,:i 11;0 "".... 'n" g,P- ~ nd ,Ii el S'~'k ii!:!i"lii!!Ii'to- ~!iI!IIW 'm- 'I" ~ 't;:· 11 ,Ii ... "'I" LU'[!& ~_~_, lilLJ1.,_
iili,
ilil Ii." I
!~ ...

'JI.,;I[!&

iIii 'if'"

II! ." "It" . .,;.[ .. ~

"I::

11', .....
l~

,it!>

..".1111

l~

-I iO
I~l"

I_l

I' , I -_

t'e' ,'g' '.' :flaX" tui anS" b Ie1 aJ.lg'~, tulang d ad a" d 'an ,t,~,:[&~g: r us 'U"',,., ,10 ak

Sedwlg',k:w,,'-;

S - ,i!'ilsbJ,n
I'

-la'

'dik,tlle'f' te'rdlri. atas 'tu:nS" 'ai

0:101

da

at',8g10'ta gll'rftk ates se rta '-'u:ngkiM b a ,-_' dan, ;anggo 'ta ge 111k 'b;iI~r_al\., all,

I!

S~~m

JI!IIII!!II!!!I!!IIII!!I~~IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~iiiii!Ii~~

h~ehwm,~ ..

~~~~!!:~

-'

s
1:

SlE

Galml-~;mlf .,,,4 Kleranglkal ,i:ulbuh

'I

anu sial

Tum"_~I;'t'e:ll,lk o.I'lok.

'_',. 'g' b~" ,gko rak ' .-:I~dl.":1( atas 2:8 ". uah ,tt -,81 ':g" 'T'ulWl.g' i, ''kd:· :n-lle'~_ :P'_'Ji~~yiai .fun·s's~yan.'g amat :penti.n,g, ·yai:t.u mle~i:~~.cd,u:n,g~ Cf'ak" 'nlQ.lt - ~Ii- ,~ "IB,11~'n'.'8,.'-' ~.~ b-a-'g:-ian',' ,,.a"nr;~" :' "g'- '0',' rak ~,n,"'g' - ,~,~ 'n" Jl!,_ '. HI~ b e.rfungs imemb e'n:tu k ','.8]M-J se Pie rti _ u~la:n~g i,e '_,(os' z gon ,tJ_ ',' -,, "'s),;, '~' ,tul ailS' hid,'ltns; (as: ,1 "ti', 'Ql IS ), 't'u :an,g :rahm18" atas (as ',~1~ ,I "a]", dan lll'lles 't'ul a'n,g f'ah,i\'n's;' b a: N'a,:hl [os In ,ar.1d ~~blI Q""is ) " T ulang 'ie. n,s; ko [';8 ,:', 'bIB -hub'YI -,gan d e -s'an bagian atas; tulang 'br@:~akan,g (·tu:~,ang ~.':h.- r],
, ,,_, _ _ ,_. '.

I.

~~~j

-,;01

"~

. I.

....

'I Ci.,t""'."ijj Ii!!! ~~··I,

,1, 1 ~'l!

~-~_,

....

."

n-, ,

...•

..•.

~ll!

!'

_,R:.__._,

Q 8Jmlb,ar ·,.5: Tu~ang 'tie-.g ko nil


I

il'iu:~iI I'be'f I1g

--~Iio!.ijI1~

Tu'll _ Id~d~ .=ii~~_:

.....
'13
-'

_ ,4 :r'l~las ve'r!e,&~~Q'I~[t_' ,_,ang b (!I '~.a,k.a:n.g·. ...... __ a '1' . ,el. ,,n.l aILas,,, !!1'7' .1 uas ... ~.1-e!lJ~ '.,RC se1lllCtJ, (t·· '1,ellS'-~dl :.~, ," /. '..... - ,-' '. Ive '. .:t.1 .u ' .,~.. ,,' :],e har], 1'2 r uas VC'~' .Ieb~~"ae torasik (tulang :p'l.l1'ngg'u ,-:I,g')l,,-'.:a,n 15 :1~t~Ia.S'"'erlrC'b~'la'e · umb r'is
'11:. '1'
III I', I ,,'"'''' .; , .. -

(. -U.J~--,t (b) 15 ruas .'f') _ :ruas


, .' 'Lt,:2Jj

P :1'ggal'B' )I~
t~: 81-'S" ke langk,2ID:g')
l

IS'aC'U,~f

CQtlryl:' . _'tLIMS

le:ko,l")

IGa, _~af'

~,J)

:9 usu na n '~:ua In g be,la ka rrug l

s-'ruas '~'aJd a t Un an: sa ",1.,U" d,,~_. tu.:la.;ng' " to'Cl~y''% .'e, ,ah :1 ,-I e:1 y'at:u s le'111I! :njD,-'.. :1-',1 as: a. emb ~~ 0 'Tu,a,og- b elak,atl:g '~e'][~i1dl_ihIS: r'(uJAu [badan) :"'allS merruliki I'iga, 1'0' j,olal1 spinalis (P'~OCles-gl Splft'IQlgl~ y·ait~·. pl~_ ses tS ,'I~a,r'~ve~ P'!"~I_'US Q1f1t_~"'io~~ d,i~~_ _
OJ

t1,lj -AI'"
r·!I!'

V~I_._·l~~l

--

'11 II! ~

-,- E'iI.:;i
_1"!~-~~'

,11'1 'Jiii~ A,,, 11!~'tf

'i":~

I!J

''!]i' rj;;J!'

~'lll,an'l ad,ia,
I'

II

tul

,['B,nIl
1_ ~

' ,--~_,

-,ulang dada (sfe"1.~,'~n~ "1,1"". ii, 'as kspala -18'.1". t !,~ !I\""'Ii_ t b ad !O'ft t 1':It. r d a.n ,~·II!.,I.l- .," ~~: 1/!iI~,.AI;."f" ,!' .;. __: ~".' ~ :1; ,}I J101' dCI.~'S)1~ Pada IhlllJ..atlg' a. a m e.,Ie ka ,tulang r us 'U,, (c'm:,' ae) :J'811,g .'.et~d:~lLi ,1as; I p'as:an'.,~ tulang "U~S'Llk a S:e'Jatijf 3 _las: ,S rusuk pals 'll, an '2p 'as: ,:8: ["U,S uk '01.. l-yru,g'~ -..ulart.g' ":8,18, 'bse:r atule -;8': rusuk . '11 11~,'if"II,o- '~'lt' . -:IP"Q"li . - a" '.-:~ b -'i)'; uk 1'·0 n-tt'Ct~ d-- ~I - ~I V\ ~ '.'0e w, D 0 "-:_\'" '10 d,: dalemnva te:rd",_:P,it lo':r:8> , aru -p-', "~I'i'!'. dI l~~lt'u·~ g' nn
'HI 'I~'

I!#. If

AI'II"'ftiii

~;':Iii!1'

~;'t!i'

1_

~-_

lil!!ii '!iir.

'I

'A

'Ii

(.

'Ii-'".iiI"i;llllJ'

il!!' !!II1.ii,i!!!! ¥ '.!I"'HI _,r;}

I'

I'-~

,~

l~

,JJ1~~

!ilCI~'

1011

.110·!

,~

,a . -:

, .'

..

1~

l~~

! ~~,}'

-il

_'

!L-_U

'~nl ~l~

fIk..U~'_J c.~-

l I

ill

IGa' 'air' ~,J' 'J 1,Iang dald -ildan tu1anQ1 f auk

IG~ I bar' ~i~1 I(a) 'till ICillfil,g ng g eta ata a

t,;:
I I

0)) "'lllanL. ;9lngg:otl lb· -'_-,an

. '·1

?!

lililllil

TUD..I~"1'"';-'. I~IL 0&1. ..


,

,I §", ,",' . I

Tu.ng kai bawahtercliri a,~!as.;_ulimg ~,n:gg~d atau pe~:-: ie (yan" d ib ,e"dak an, ,01, j aid i I!I:O ;~n~I:,. b is J' d an is e 1~ 1 I :) t'u, a'n,g -2:' plf itt. ~ a, (: l,em:U.l,')" tttlao,g 'Iem,:p'tu"'u'ng' lutut (pel.'e'~8,)1, :ulml,g b etis (,fi'b u a)}' ,tuII ,:~, ,n,g I tibia)", tul all,g: P e 1'!g19 langan ka Ij ttar:s all), .,Ul'I'B k I!r

tu

'

't@,la.p;ak;, ka ",.~[m,le tatars al).!' d 8i1!. tul ~il,gjm kaki


'liI!J,,"

u",'I'.

-._"iiI~ - ", 1!i.,0

,~~,1Ig,p~ .• ,,:11... 1l'lii.Ji,~. ': ~


iIi'Wi

kaki ~,'\;;

i(.f:=-_'_~I.':il1g;II!'s )1 .., ~'a ~ a


'b,.I!1iOi·,IIi,-~""" --'Ii:::Ii'' ' ' ' ' Lu

'A

, ,,~,~ II.'UI
I

.',~]IL _.~, '~_'~'~'~:"

,Ott 'II ':1- ~

IIiE~U.,I.~.ll":

1I.1j

tcFif.-!ii'~· ,-,

i '1-'" alk,.o,n,~ e )' 'u ~'...l~W_~m·Y':"'M~

- ~'p-'I~,'1k ,iC!' ~, ,gIL i01!I,~". ,-,

~,t' U
,.iIi

I iii 'ill g'ner ,'!!!o.iJb,,....g,I'O

1-

V:~I''i''''O-

.1' ,~,

'0

_ -, -', _ -,b '"

,r,;'~I'ii~ i§!!I~~iI; fI

I~

Pe s

:D ala ,~-~ ernb 1_ ntuk _a ~I,r·k.a ub t~I,,,:u~ang "',',B!_~,g s atu m 'b I, rr 'w..l1'b'Lttlgan d ,', ,gOf1; tulas I'g: ""ang' I Ln :~ ,'loll ,,-/ jari "Ir-'-" ;t., _e':ll ",alllb' _'_, · Yall! J is ebut p _ ,s:e~"diQifl.,Padal p,el~:e_~d,i:a:ml tel'dap'8't' : eairan :pe:::un(lIDS,(ean-an s:in.o:~:·aJ.)~ Otot Ymllg: melakat pada tuI.ang' 0'1 e ~,l ,-' i' '1',8 a '11 :i :k.lft t d 'i,s b u't '~ ~jld£n ,," Se. \ a'ng<kan.,. j ari 11,gan yar,g ar Ie :me.':n,g11t,l~ ungkal"ll", 1,g dle':ngan'Ltl m'g dit's,~'b"-.'t-igmlltn'1"

:p- :!"S II! ,d:i an dISP at d,~ 'Ja'1,'0, .J" po 'I .a , :_~ :nja ,- s;-i,narl 'ro s :~ n i, s; 'arn.'_,:i:artro'S,l,S:."~:-_,an diartres is ~ :M sri. ,(I e'ml,at: uraian b erik Lit ini,
i• ~I I

I'

n
'p' '
I j

lOS
liI!!Ii r=;

g' ,I:. ~ ~U,~ 1L. ,-~ ern 'U-':- L. ~'0-" k' an 'e' tiliJ' ad in " ;a' l I\. _,- ,rg e l~kar1i di s e;b,Lit ,S 1t1'Q'f,' nlS IS: ~ 1-:i't.'lang- ttl:1 'ru':g d i.~~ rs a: ukan Q leh 'Ie e jal'ingM ,tu~ru\\~go!',c'o,:n" h -.'~~a, ade ",Ubll\~g-=tu-I", IS e :" aI.. a
;01

Ill: Ilu ..

'1"'5:

0' ,,..:I' '[' J~' U 1 an


I I

_I

"'Ii!:iiIO," Ull
J.

~L&I

iJ~!I::

"I

[1"

JIll,

!tL.iL

Jil

[~£i.

..

" ..

"

,"

I."

-I

:Pe'fsendl",a:n ,[tllan:g d e'n:ga.1(l ge:raka.:n y' ,', saJ'11ga:t: terba as g d ise b u '11111· :U11 .] 70S ~ ~" ,Adn:, iartrosis d ib lagi, me ~jad idua macam, yai ttl ;8 ~m"o.1"-.o~nl d ;81i.1J, S 1~ri 'esn'i , G!n.s:., 8u "10:0; .,os is iai-ah, _'e rse :nd, an ",ang' i din" ,.ungkan ,o:lel" 'rullm:1.g 1'ttlwm1, ,hi· in, ICIO ito11 :S) :;' 0 nd ro S, s pada peleka tu af1S" dada dan ,ulang-' "ga Se!d.B11g;,k8l:l, smdssmosis ~ - pers n,di ymlS" CL,Lt..fUl1g.. "lh '-b k 0 ,-c.c-- leu--"-,~g,a_n ,-II',,", rn -b 'un,g',!] ~im', ,1 .' . .
I" I ,'-.

j:-

-I

~JI!

:/~.!

o ar
Diar
,I 0 sis :111U! ''''''u,pkan a

hub Ltn,g'aD,

antara

'

L~lan,g YB:m,g satu

de' :n8' an yang' lam, :_' 8:11g d Ih ub 'U:llg k,:a,n, '0 IIB,:h :p ,ers Iend "'RO,,, Persendien yan,g 11ft :11,y,bilblcan g ,,"akan bebas ctmlt,mo'b:t[' iUL <8. euk ,:P bel'S8't" 'b iasanya ' I!.rja"d,i p1ada . 'ulol'B'''" t,~1,-ng' :P 8 ,~Ij;,-'g!i Ujl'lI,ng tulang- tu,la:ng i,n,i d i-J.;rtu ~~ 0 le h".'ul an.g ~-,a'_-_':a=~ dan 'ter d IiiP at 1'1'01 gas irr 0 ,f·,8.1 ,'llin,g 'b ,e", :is 1 eai la'n, :8'~ ,f~al un tu k n,g no me : ud ahkan :g,e:l~ak.a:nro, Per sendian rru d,il_,ut'U,PI: ole:h n amb .: ~~nO"k. 'U~ i~ no~ 1IOIW.•, .f~ b r"- '(. 10
1

ILJ I .

f::"'"

~II~

J~t._lj

-Wli

~,iiI"III

l:!]

""'i"'l'!I!" § .:.1 IU~H~tlaJ

:p, .1,'" s nd ift'l d

~,-=- '"::1" 0 I: iI:


i

letap' ,R ' c il a,gi m nja

10@I b ' "0;

:8

maeam I,e'nc-:~ y,aitu: 1.' :Seo!,:: i :p1u.iar Parsendian yan:" :n1el:l11,Un,gkirikan, ad,an.ya 'gelra~k.an, rotasi

"

~ -.

nil ·.KIt "~' ,-,III ,iil'r'il~ I!.~' u\.Jl ~I ",.' aul·.~ 21' ,. 'li :1,,1 1 It'' .~.!l-'t~"ii!"'~ .!l;-l, ~ ,iIi.~, lie... Ili.it!lJll""'Jor-!:IJ~'1 Ji, a'p·~·L '- ·1!i..·:/·-u"n'·p· ulane Y'8 0 g'" '- bLw..lI.g .,': satu 'b'-:l~gerak:-11.S':ng tari '~~j'ung I ,u~ang'y'8118 :l,~~n'i' ' ICol:n,'l-OI-nd l~ :_','~, .. """ a..i -'~ ''''U'I- "=ii'n'~b' t-~~ b ' n',~'-' - Q~,ru,~~.I!~. I/;.-~~~. eeIi'lf""ii ,IIi.U lift.' les ~''''''', ~ '. 'p" ..... '~o'~~·~' · 1'Ci1~'ci' '-~'~" I!i;,
!liilL.
~l

1IiA,1 _

'!:Ii1"U

iI!!Ii''I1 ~,Ii,

~'~I

OJ'i"!ii

I"", ..

nl~

_!:_

..

-~.

'IAI ~

"~Y,

't·-

'ple'~~glel=I_ll,gan .. angr-'ft"
E ......
s:..:
~ ~

dan ,p,e'I~Be"-:~- gal1., k:ft-::·~,

'

S el', ~ e_c. s reI Ji I-'~ ~ e"I~- ian, YM,g :-- :R'y1b abl~;iitr gel ~,'-" ~- sal,_: '-,' ,I kar,e.na. 'b-<I~por'Os: 5'if disel Ll .s,idii ,rIgs' l.. ntol ~.'s-! ,d,'- ng'G,--,l ,," Jj: -~ ICO a hub !g., tu~hM,g',i, a __t siku, lu'lutJ' dan jl~tti.jari, a ..
SeBdi . n gs _:1
ij;;JIl

iJi ..

S,e:n,~I,:i :pIe I,

I,

.,' "

Sle'n~_~:i ' _:[mta. ad alah _@ll"se,nd.:ian. . ·all,g mernb le'n ~uk :5e nd lit' Ie C2aJl,a.,f. don b ,e'1't-I e ~ 0 S ,Q a, 'C 0 n.lol,ku""it 'ba're _, ,:p:a,lt a Ie I ang an bm,g,a:n,.
'I~' ~

Sendiputar

,',
'.

IG- _I- b air ~.JJ __ aC31l'11-"maC am IP"B,fgendialn :

karana (.rt·O'l' :D1.. ,milik.:i 9 k emam p 'tHin, U,11 ttllk, b I rk Q 1',treks L :1( 0 :n'~:ra:ksC 0'1'0t :i ni 'me'n,yeb1ab aJ'll ,tulan,g :~ran''''d,H,e:ka,t~:nya., d,a.pa1 be·S1e.rak,., :Se ,ai' itu, 0 tot mem ·ai p eraJ'um Iclallam :m,emb I' ri_,J:tn b el,n't:u: ~ l:u.'an~
1

Q'.'

m1e:rupakan,

aI:8'- g'12'ra'k

a,k.'\,i""

_I·~·

_,:'

.u~-IIlJ u-_Jl~lL 'b. ers ,~[ii'!ii"'ill d Lui -I ~


'~"!ii
I

'!::IiI 1I;.:ltALIlJIl,g

iI!II,-. ~

'8':" ,'!;IiI
~

'lin' '-~

g"
_

'_.
.[

'k.-, al
.J

.:II!

!.___:_.l

I.~

gpn'-k·~'-- I ug~ y~-a I~'~n- y, ssbagai alai: gen: '., _till,;. y'mtcl In'~1~,_nrdm-Iti~, B'b';,eJ~.~"b{z· s: dan a " "leB, ,uifai G'e'rUatl otet 'tt-c . 1. t, m, -nd,el:-.~ d,a_.~'ut:l;lmll semule ( 1)0 itraks i:'1 se hi ~_gla, '-",U],M,g lbe rub ah ,P 01:- S:1." ha] i:l'~ ,dis ebi _'k ,tl'l '1~ -'1 'tlt'!ii, 'I,,~ ,.,.~,~, 'ml -u - ,;ooo;.l~ &. 'r'Oi 1fi;o '_ rw 'n' ,~I ~-~~ ~, ,_:, 'Iil~~'k-·· ,1,1" ~L,~ , 0','- '. 'n D' a = ~ ~~J~ kebal ~t.''I!:IiII'n· d'',~!!.1-1 "" Intraks .lu:..., ~"l . ~i:~',,,, .. >::IiI'~;i..u ~ -~~ ~1 ,_: ~ ~. .o,ma~, . uan' 0 to t 'U"n',1l,U. ,: ,LILc~ lIl.,:n·lL-~ v' -me m,at'ljan:! atau .'E'mbali ks ,,~-Ul ~ - s em ula [re lak s as iJ yaj -g' , k -:11- L,~'i"'ii 'ulan'g' k _.1'1~ iCi;....I U,I: ,'U '. - - d --k' '-'an ~:~:I . ',' ~"~ .o;-n· ul a',t 1>..1!l;' iga 'Ii... m nveb'iCDJ'L~" I ,_, , ._.'"'.,, emb .ru ''I. 8 ale -,- -J' ,SiS is .. 'ta;s~.:y'ait,.' kern ~-~,-:P , uarr 0)) ,t d ari b Ie 1,..-1, ntrak si ',10 me ~ja_i :r: 's,:as:i atau s·sb _~~-:y_1,
I~'n~O~ lv,
-"-'lmln~~1 -.
'","" .." '.:, .. " ',_ 11ii;1!i,

u-'n~·y-·-g'll!·.,iIi,O, "ii_ltt~
i!;i-!,

~1~li'~i~ §!i luI..

~- lilEiuil~,~~ . _ ,W'I!ii.U;,;I;I,

-"--'aJ[U-jlo_' . ,'~
I,,~ ..

'~otil; ..

r-

.._

U_.'§1I'~

.r

' .•

1,-,

,- Al

I_"

-'~"'I ¥I ~j~ I ..

,Il;~~

'!I.~,,~

'S·

!._:_

l;Fl ~"

;Q;

,~-~~

IB-'~' 1 ~ ~, _,iiif.

~~;

~I ~ ,~'. '.,~, ,lI!~I"I,,~-'J~l ~


~L~ ~-

,I"

_Ig;

B,

eliiin

','

.. ~~,

[Il,

,1i.,1!l;

'Ii_II.

'

"U

;"ii;"

'§,Ir

'

,.

i~L:w.I:.',

,~

"

1,1!l;!IlII,Jii,i~.

!.',

;' I,

.....

11l..., .. ,-1

,o;

,,;::.

}I~'

Ii!l!i :,!!i:iii

~,1~IU

"~-.....

-.1 '.'

!il!'

'!!:II,

~I~I'

JII,I.,'

i01'

oYI.:_'

:-

IL,

'''r-: ,~'e,c.lara. 1L.." masres


,jC!!!.,," "
I ..

·c.··,

"t.. :llt8
'I

1_

Ule' rupa

'U

'i.-

- 'iF"fiI j)" 'ill... 'ill .1.1;1;. Lg ,K,~ '.T'Ij,' ~

trans',-_aran '-,l'i!;i,~, u.t""' t 11j,~ l.;!l'.eb: """,Il. d· n • . ~l· .... ."


..'

S 12',a, ~'U.t
_Ui. I

_O,plS. KlUl'P
.', .,... ,"-'--"

-. '.,'

.u"1- an

'.. .1,. ~ i· Idl ~.,11: __ . ti- 0, 'I' eft JIBln_ng,. _,lse,WI/L,U _.'L, f~~" yan,g d~ .'atnl~lan }~~-la., U'· - 1,:, . j'U'l',I"-'
~I~;

.....,.... ··,t 0 tot


"iii
II;;;!!',

'ii

IU.

,iI:oli!!i! ,-~

'iI 011;,

,g.:lJ,~IIIi;,o-'t.

1L. ~.

eh
~,

,iI:oli!!i!

11j,~ Jj,

nd n , (,.~Ijj!'. u!, .JLU.,


iii, .,

:Dr !U'O~'

-"liG!"~'iI"Iii

II.,

1" 'b'a:1i, K. ',ill,

antara ,tulmlS" dan, 0' ot) " ada b.llan,g,", :Pel:rle:a'ta.tl otot pada tumang ini m-~ il!iif"rl-1J~~Ct-·i O~'Iot ~--'en'-:'llo~),-, d Ii 'm-:~'I~IC- -y--~I~lt- n~iIfj~IO\#iii .~ll~,t~ - -,! 'IO'U, -'I
;11,;1;",110 '",!I;.I:,,;LII[lJg,O,IL,
I,

UlI,}

,'~!UJ

,11;,

t'il§1

1!i.,!Ij;j,'

,'~t_'"

'IIV

,'I,

U!f,L"",U'

01'lgO,ad:_-,a},,:-, ~l=ta,-~-,'uju;ng'lo 01'1paclal~_1 -:1\gy'I~:


0'10,1_'

'au s'-'d ikl,l, ge'l rak s-imna (»' '0' , 'berl~,ko,:n'~~*si~ SI= d,;at.lgkJaJ\ insersio adalah -:,e_!lkot'tlan ujtm_goto,'~:pada,
8;

t ,- k d apae d ig,e rakkan a

~~'-1" ~'Iy'
U,ui,;&L"

."_1S-··-ltI~lij~nl ,', ifflOil"iLU,.

ani'! -~,_,

',dan,! se:hin:gga, otrJt clapat d,-,g:e:nd(kao,sas' o'ot berkcntraksi,

I
a
melekat

ca

at
'I-_~-

s
tOI

G
101

Ge rakan Jan'l' tle'rjad. j, p ad til tub :h,m,;2U1'__ ia :m e ~,~'-_ :5 P akan ge taken, :v'an,g d ~'~.:a.k',-kao, ole 0 to t ," rik, QI t :PIQlos dan, to t jantung.

u
', amerupakan '0 to' -'yang " ada tl;ll:~,aJl.l.:g' :rian,g:k:a 5 e',' ~,:n,:gla ji:ka ,,-'10 ' berkcr t, -'ak"s:i.
'CC ,

IO'tot _:u~.~~,

dis

'~lt' u.p 10 t~o j it

~mell,.y'e'1'I_,',ar1. '_-(I __ lg belrgef.~_~~ O'b)'_lwik be'k_l!ja,d,i.:_ e:n_g~iaruhi'0 _,_:1" W sus un_2m s 81"af 1?'us'ia:t s e hi:ng'g~a ~N!", 'ng d :1'$ e b ut 01.0 ,t sad. ar, ill nti 5;: e I, o'tlo,;,ilm, 'b,-cjwnlah,'ban~ ak dan tle.',f:~E;'~!,~ '-~'_-jii! Otot i -'", di disebu ~ o'l-at' Iurik, k ",-r,"e nat, h'ad all S:Ie. rab ut- s e:rab 1L11' P :anj "'~:g Q ,0 t: tle rd ,B,P 8' -, g a:ris 1

,I~

'te'~'
) If ,' "
I~,

fso'-,~Qlp)
"(_'I\.7'
V.K.IiUlIIIL

dan ;',-_I,--S g-,-ap' (-I~.'S:'O' ropi] s eara b'e",~gan.~in,


Gr,liAIr:. 'u~~·.,••JII~ iUf[.
In,'
i_ "(-_' u IO .~~

1~'EjiiiI'Il,

g- 'iiI , ~I··

'-1_

nne... fi~"-~·~" a,:pmio 1,i"Bnll!O ,~o:I'Sfudin -~l, :S,@,lt 1rd,iriatas II= jumlah b,IS ar '" l,'0 -_':<~1', ie filamen mO ngi-_,u,d, i,llal. m ,t rd ~1~1El'tas d. UUi m,a,can'i Y'.,. 'U '_. ~.1,1 :1' ,!e.'bel d, ~,.t '-i:p is, F il ~._'\ t!':n, '"1· _
,~Ial S: yan,:g d",' ebut s
~I

S:e:l~abu"otot lurik b!rd ','f:' atas kumpulan

serabut-serabut

'tj,pis 'tel ,dir,~ atas n

iQ;nJQ,n1e,r·

.'_.-11, !o'b'ub'n"'" yal'S; g

ada ,I'ubun.'allnya,

d II! ng an kemp :~, ,-'("'0 pi011· '" io s :i'-1 d a.'11 .1"6 0 ni ., -,il am en ,'e'bal e',s: ,P 'te'ra,:iri 8' las e cor-eker molekr I, rnios in ,,',en'll memanjang. .... ala e,~, mo. e,ltu'[ miosmmenjulur , e'811 flaIl("U!'it\ 'lip" s $Ie'b,a:sm, jiB: ~~'bat8n, Si- __ 'y,ang'o't~nsi,' l,g d~:pa:t ln, :ng:h'u,ung:K'a'f\, ,-,il,mJ~'. filamen '-I'-s,eb'~ll'~ . :~a,:pt-l,:e:p~ - Ian IS:k,'OI" disatr kan 1011,-1" s"ual:u Ie, ~gse-!! :F ilemen ini, dis us un s ed e~,_; .ikian ru,p ill, s:e _·_:~.l~,g::_~ sa _U j],af"ll,e'n, teb a), '21 d ik.e' :i'l in,g':r·.Q:, elh, Ie'nam ' ilame n 'tip:i s~
I

F a'll.I!!~· 8,'b .~... yemg :~eibih~ :pad:at bile,r:n,t.W'u.ngm, sa u s ma lain dan mernbentuk pi,' a, A y:a.n,:g' Iebth :ge,la:p'," an filaman tipis :Rl mb ~'.-'tLilk :Pita, ~ 'yat'K'--:I .. ·· ih 'raIl;!~,' .-: 'd:ua je' lUI f'i.1;mil.~:1 ~'af·.g' ~ 'be'rtun-l' ~M;g ,tind~.~" se'ba;gj'an :51_J:ngsa 8_' ',~-~ 'ag ian yan,g' lebih padat b dan ,ku:r8n,g' oadat pada ',:'_:_~ Garis i"'_, tempat 'b _'1~'ta'u'tn:' fil __ -~_, ~_elf"1, ".'••':i5, :me nyeb,e':~gi D!;l'i}o,fib'r.il d i ,."usa:t: :pi'ta '_,,, B~gi,2Ul;l,m,i)o,fibril yang' '1!.~'IiI";l-I~·t . dua Z d' isebut rr'J'II.'·:~_"~IJ~I',n~" Iika 0 'Q' 'ur~· !l,!'~L!lJ11 ~l,." A-u,., _ ber 0''''n ,.... si''/-' 'm·· _,'IIL. ~'L.. pita '['m·~, ·'v'a'D!"!i·p'-'" I . ,~o,- 'H';-.,JI apl~ltu,,' ' ,- lane "ni!:i, "'~ "~' I,~, ,J' !ILl,. n-·a g-;,gl''i~'il~ §'!jl i, - g-' -l-·,II!!Ii'n--:·d-- a &1IlOi', '.' 'D' a 'IL..~", 'p' '-:-"''IIn'- ~m-;--- -,~ \~ll'ifi'iii 'p-I~ L Y'·--:' 1-,
I.
I •
'~-~cii
j~ I, j 'J

'i§II1'ifr"'II'':ltilLJll! U '~P-~I !Lr_UJ L.


',I

1t;.lIll OIL'-U

C'''i!:!Iil'i'"~S!i. ,W,i!l., ", "

.'.r§Il

.'

1",'M,f

~~,f

l~

,'~Il,

",

...

~',

, ',!!;"

"c '

,I '"

,~I:ilIi,

'!:III

__

,,'Ij;'

1!1;, , i,'II,:,' II:

'i!:Ii"ft !EdI.lI.lI.

~,c"',

'Ii::

"I

,.1,.

'

L~

~~,!!;,I!i,

1!..~'i1"'~

'13,

• ,'~.JIi;~
~

,£ill

I,.".'

t 'e' --:g,81" u,ng

~",W,;Ii""

1,,;8

d. a 'k -~:,'_:a: an, _:0 n,_~~ fL,,, rak . It ~


1

"'"'

.,'1/;'

,'.!!1;'

oW. ~

1ij,!§I]:I~'!L'
_

!!;i1i,11L

:,

"J&

',.

~.

""

,iI,

!!IOiU,11,

i!!

,11:,

U.

g, '11' ,JI,

'I'

Pada 'Ia'~tu istiraha ~ tidak ia.d, 8, in eraksi antera fit.l1e·nf lan~'u!u\,k are na tsmpat aktif _~18d,a, filID1,@'r~,ak 'in ;@,- -:pa; 'kJ!'~-:I!=-'a .,-.-"jtn~i ,d,.a,~att ,,~.ka·-'d.·'i~lo:kir " ~,-:O:.1i)11'~OS:1r"L'"i JU!' ak1.rs;_PI.~' I_'t. 0,",

lo.cr dirmlgsml;g' (inl:plds; saf~_.· samll-ai. pada 'ujung :s.'ua:tu t\e'~':('OI:n,t ase'tilk.a lt11._' :~el'pas;_~ oleh ttjun;g ne'W1)=~ ,81'1' m.eny,ebab'l(aI\ ion 'i£Ul Cat·· d,~],e,p,askan dan be:rseny,awa den,B8Il 'I' ,Qlpo:nin, datil, :~llElngt~)b. :ko:rui:gw;asi11.YL Hal, ini, meny'e'b;ab:kan, serat otot kepala rniosis '. rnengikat diri di teilmpat aktif f'iJ:a:n~u3:nak,tifl 111e-18'ga_nt- '.,:21. '
l

. -:"'P-Ig-'Im-vi.
,,[·,[·1

;,n~';'nv-a,n'g-:-- '0-1- .~:I·,~,W,IIU~5i'~1! ·'l..,'~n,t·,~,d -, :il~!~~.~, J'


i~ ...
'j

~J~

•. ,

I',

Iiii-m,-,'--:-,g' ~~ jill! !Jit~

.-~ ~I

-.~ I, 'm"iI~~;b111It 'l~tJi!§ll~ . 1~.iIL·


1

,8

IG:- --bar'

'!"

1Metillnrl'sme geral!< ollOt: I _Irik


,£i,
iFii!'

1(:'lrp"f!I'

.:-~,
~i

,enlel'lli un.'
,J '" -,

. k'OI",'-~ 'ak,:-c,i a'tot


~CiUJIIlJ

'p' e-' 'n-: e-Io k, I"

'IOI"",R

It ~.I
.. ,..

-;-

n- p'~"EJ.

li!!:iI'

~I

~I_I

'p- ,~ii':!<
1

~'n

,Iio.,;, ,~,I~·
lJhlB_

"1'};~:1_

t- ~

.......1 ~

U!LItiiLJ

--'"ill ~

Illill~I!iJiI!&,1

n If!; ,Ii n---: m---:"I~''n- '0- O"U' 'n ~


I'J'J ~

"Q'OI"

__ 'ilJ'L~

kan sa -, :1110 e ~,,:' .,'.,-'T"~ 1: .,'1 pie"-'s'9 d,i.aan 1\.-. ':P ylllJlg di dalern sal a :~.~abis le~l'!:-akai, meka ~i-P drs _:n.·~ la,g:i ,dal:.i sis .._ _.I:':n.8:- n '~efl~i:nd.;aha.n :satu. :,-~ t~gt1;S ,f,os:fa( _'.Im~,:f'os:,fa.': lain i lU-'.g· ,__ a.ya ene:~,gi.1' ya:u krsatir __ os:-,a:l pad,a etet ·VEL~'~,ebra.'t~ F'Q·s:f'a'-: l~aya, ,e'n,e:rgi :~~,i
I

dib ua de :n'gan InI€!, tabolis':m,e, makanan dalem daur .•::~, : ikohtik d, an


as:ant rotrat, ATP
-7'

DIP' F'o,sfat: + Ens'lrgi


.

Kenai in f'OSif·lii:.

ksra jill +r'o'~ 'ali'" il11Eu'gll

,JJ,i!lK~,a.IIJ.~
_'. , ",.' • I.

11_,t""I'"

d ,."d ,a_"1-',am, '01,1,0" 'I't.. , '.m,em],.ye. ... b·,~Eb,],. .. . ,t aLiUl, . ,,' rb a L.,., ".1 .' - - t' - - -' - d - . '1-- ak - · - - - t - -- ..- ,a.g,l" - - 'b - - - - - - - o t,10, mle',nJa~, ,. pleg>- aI" J' 1.'8 0, S l:gEullerSle - d. i." '('- -' ,SI!!-, - Sl.an. '0-e!,SW\a'~ ~; al'l ,a1~ d- '~U' "1 '. ,-·J.".ad· ~, Ig' ~;kAg, l-."'n" A 't· -,' ~
,114

T·" . 'b'-,.-,, 1',ln1,. unan


[

'1·-'1

,Mafirl,
,i',

~1~1L.,· ., I lI!a&, a",


• .' ".1 ,

,1m

'.

1'-"1'

'.

","

i'

.'.

.'1

,"'j

'_

r.·

..

"

..

. ..•..

'J'

",l

I'

'j'"

~;iI!'IJ,"

~'I-~~,~.~,

~.l-...:__,

' - ,'1

~,~

~!~

l~~

.~y.,.

I.:,~.~.:

·I_'_'!!j

'_

.~,~~.~_"

~~l

I.·',

""L~""'Y'

I-'n

'.'

-'V.!i

maniadi D o"u-,:-"'8 otot lamb Te:....,j~,L un n Y'8 r :","",1i.. ;~"t l .. ILU J dalam olot 'y'2l'n, ber ,eoi'hlan' .an .. dak dapa dite leranst ;a",'i, i me ny@b abkan ts tanus a:ia.tl It e!J- 'I,g b) 'I~
11._'1"", §I,t ,JJ.4L . Lilli.
I I I il tL. Jil

:mS'nle ~us-irw-,g,san.g' ~I-L,:an,:m,ni.-lg,-. atkan kadc\u· asem laktet I~~.I~'_al'ml etet se 1,·_ill8':ga, ,',.e"',!seIDlbailian, ;as;arn,
1,-:tl.i1'S·..
J

10 ',iD,·t'-~'ng
L U.

I.

~,.I,

'II,

'!!:Iii ~~

I'

I ill

~'I

ULJl.

!L!.I'11i

1 _'

1 "!;iI'i~~'ft"'iJ U:!iiJ! ~].I]

III

ICIA"

Ut,

~r

101

01
S-.",·'_·l_
IA.',·. '....

U l'u ~

1"\.'_:"10 ~ JiY ~ ,~,tIAP I

~'-'-'~-'~

m.-' _.~.I__ , - b-,.~,: ·;I;.u-.,,·t .., '~lm'I~I'~'~


'1"
_-!§; -~,.---.~

·m. ' .'


-

'_ !~IIIlI''I§i~g l~J~U

ii"'ii~~iA"'!i:i."'~&,

ked ,;;:;i,. ~ai d".~ln'Q!'~I'n·.- u.'Y': _~~~ -.-,~ -,Ot[~~- . '_'. -

'uJu~n..l\1,ya, y2li11g runeing d. an, nu kleus 'te l'",I,e d,·~bE! 'n,gaJ:" s e!. Q 'to t., tak 1 S e1(i;a:t'rnio 'i,:~bli pada 0 to ,~o,'0 s '11 rs i ·',athO,n1,Q :g:le'!l d an, ebi ,I, kJ~1 iI e ~ d a:ri s e rab 'u.t 0,to ., lurik,
'I

.- ',-,- -y ..: d',.,- ,...I ,., .- ,,, .-=-' .. nu,l,. ,M!!r 0 saluran ple"~' '~rtla.a:ntp,arl.i~"·IHJl·'U" an or·~~.ri,'wniiOte t :L: ~. fb_ :l'"si';a(e d 11. , - b .• .oJ1 " --:.' ..--:' ---:, I' I " Jl801_, a~ __ .1. a,_..sm Ig B_Clatlil '.' .'-, .. ~.-,-,1r'''"I' ~.m.-a. _, 1_8 Ilfl,~.-,.grm 8 .. --, - " " .a,I' _JilL ,- _an. 'telf':ha a:p k ~ __ lelahan, dan bekerja di ba ~alh - ellgaruh serar tak
10--:'" .
I'

.,10

..

,::'
I

1-.0

-','

,o,s
..1'-'

I'

r, ·,-1 Il,tl,- .
-,'

-=-·t' 'P""'" .P---: --'11- .Cl.InJA,l CI,a, ] . , ,..a"


-'1

,.I~

.,

Oil -

-, .p smb uJl, -.. n1, '.


-

I..

''"I

"'"

.~

I -.

••

sadar,

'M' II'e,"..arasme 'dl, " .. ~.,-, , .. .'.- re , .. ,.o,n,l~~S" .... " rasar 'lk'··I'~----I1L.~"'", O.OI~~ '-,. '·11os Sa!II13, d,en,gan' Ie' .'...,~.-.--,~"",~ ,'.emrassi .po . ,.... " o to' , ]u'~'f." ,S'le'1:~._,t""'ut-!U!'f'lab u tnya '01 eng' ·and 'u'ng aktin dan m ~ill S'~'1"~ 'te''m, Ii, m iQ'.fi. artl!e:11 ini te rs Ie', ,aI',. :8 e raib til toto, t ,.~lo s kre cit rnaka ion .0
,'·1 '1·'1
c _ ' ] I] I ,~ ,_ l:au ]. 1. __ " ]]: , ] 1_ _]]. t _ I "_] ~ __ .' ' ,. '" _' _' __ ]] I] I. I....J ly

IC'~ 'I~ ~ A" -. ~ -'-, . -. - ~ ...... -'--,-.~ '1. . ---: t'~ 'L'I-:" - ~'I- ]-, . ",,'111'~,~ . "'1': .a 1ld,1J',Pat1l, U,Wi~, easran L!.i.J€lSe IUJ@,l,!<, '

.Il<"-- --,.

aJ·.~.urr .l'!1!t . ,01

'. ' . ~.,' ."

'I' ---: - ,1j:.~,1k·-.," l.1,~5:"~,

meliputi

~ 11 •• p" b anraea ~._'1', C1' '_:_~. rruesan, '_'D_ ,I "_-_';'-=_I~'U, je'nl"il;r" "tlarne:n, aik:',·.n.:I· ._Iemuu 111Ibe:nd,,~.~ '-·a.da yang berada di :posis.i b2'm, . d aL __ siteplasma d,afi! '~U! U,_':flu me' J! .1'1d 12' _ '_ 1~latJ
III. •
I

:pemmrulkan ion

CiFf~+ dan, ple-Ib@!' ~I'-l;(.an,

je -i.ba,'an silang t L. I·t ',II ~,\'t, -t ~l,U.A;,r


I

:>0'

t
1

tu 9

0 ·tOI t· jian'tu,_,I:g __ j umpei hanya p a- a d.i:nd .i.n,g' ja ~." :~ t:L1:1'B''!' S tru.Jrt'ul, 0' 0 t jan ,-u ,',g ",-~ue ny rupai otet l:tl ik, t-, ",~:p i nukle us' 'ttl ~ r ],etalc d.,~.te ngah s el d.an :ml_:H(1. :,~,:i:t '_ er ea _ an,g an, S: lei 't'~:a . i,
I

pe:rc;abaI1,g'lm, pada ,otlo't jantung 'b!lrda. 'at jaringan ._e,ng'·:k cit yang' dis eb 'U~· dis: CiS liJ~llfe'f"kaltJJ·is"' a to ,t jan ttl: :-~ be ke rja d i 'b 8l'wa'h, ~Ieng. ruh sarar tid,aJ( s adar, t(~leP18,t 'b@1'i 8 aksi Iberhad a,~
I

'~:"'a:ng a:m.1.'g dan S an,

tahan

!ts lis.a ·~:P'kel e l.~han,


l _":

ja,n'-'u:ng manimbul ·~,efn -y~. t j-~'t\bll~g,", d,e . ifnl_~_l'g aI(.an. 'belrklon._·[la.ks.:. '_l_r ~_s'· ..m._I'~I:r- _I S,e'_Dttll1. ,o<rganis~_ Ji!
hid, u.-·
-

:1<0:11':r'a,:k:s:i O··IO't·
OJ

P a.d, a, 'O(l,a\'11'U,:$'i,a dJ! '~'a.s a 'b ·an.'·,~ 11"'1:'2" 11. -'~ "' s:let- :uar. . -Iel'ru _'I", .. . . SII' •.. 7, JK:c:uJ
_]: __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ,, -;_] _ :_ ,'_,I ._

:00 lln:8\",

,i'a,:ntu,: S b, e :I'"de :nyu't'


l

....:~!IlJ

e
Gerakan
L .. .!IJ] .'
I' I!J •

on t

811'tago'n--stik. adalah :gerak, b e:l":a;~!Y'aruan antm-:D dua


,ilJ1U····J I . ...
r~

aa,u, lebih ate .. YlallS mengelldalilcan gerak, pad.a sua u, ba,:g'im ' 'S:,- L 00 §i'n' -. "bLI ,s-:: , cto , t--·,a, f-'~"U' raJ .._ d':-'-:-.-,---:--.. ~ '-::-',~-n- g-' '~'n v- - el'illb- 'U' h U gO"',~ 0 -t ~ -t .. - ," 8:n'Ji.g 0 .' .Ui;,,~~ ,0 ,",,0 '1 ge .~. '. _.'a._ Wl,_.8,go \1 S ._1'. Be,'11- _t '0 _0 _ _·.lS ,~, ace'
t"
~'iii-· UuIl· ~}U - iii:
'J ~I ", -

II

'~U'ifi'"ll'

'Ill I~

.'

'I I

JI

'J

J.

~,

II Ii

.;.'

"-I~-'

.... "

,.' ....

..,~ ,~I -" IE!!'

..:

P pad -'[ ng,w",", -'~L -'


' Jj,
!Oil'i"'lli

1..

-_.

-._ .. !_c,~.

,-.

-1'-""::-

..

".-".

,-

- .. _""'-

Cj

1= .

,-

Otot dilekatkan pad,a. t_11ang a,l,relltendcn, Tendon y';J}-S r rnelekat pads t.u:tan:g dan tidak rnenirn ·"U lcm"l,g'e:rak.:an d,:~se'b'u,', 0,,;'1'8'0;, ,S e d~:81' -,g:k,a,:~"-- nd 0: ~..yang' me' e ,-, t pad a ,L'ula." ~8 dan e a .-,-enimb U ,tan ge rakan dissbut LrlS c. unlo~ b)1 tb is8' Pim 9;111ilik:i 0 ri :go 0 pada skapuls da u.m.e,l'"1.1.S"y:aJ ,s- :I~ta~. S: -S 1.0 'pa,I>~1 "u:-", .. 8' radius, Se,.~-_,ang·,ka'!l{1 ,0 to t, 'h~~s:e:p 'm,f!'tniHk:i aua erigo ,-adahumerus d, ' i:__11-': :s·~o .ad a. ulna, J il(8.., 01tot bts i!',P'be rkontra ~~s~.t maka langan, bav ah akan bergerak meneku] pada siku, Sed,an,:g,'ft!\ ~-si m" .... 1l..,~ '1 Ii!!ii'-ntt'!i:IJ'iii"'Iil L alfl!i,:r'~'h" ..... L'Ii!!II'--:(!t'Ii:lIo'il"'!:lil-l~ "Oi IJ ,u,,= ig J~'I"",'!:ii' w,.;;!"\ -~~ II!!J'P' 'llJl· -= n. n' melurus ~
~I :~
j
-I

~ ~[~lil

,n.
~

l!Lv

."J

Llilldiil ~. I~

'II~ 'ii",'~..
&1

[~IU

"J

Ji

'ff"l'

.I

Il~'

.IJaA

I"~;

[I

1!tiIU.IL ~

l . '11(~r ~,:

~[!trW&JJ

't·"!l:!Ii,fll

t&.

I.:;;iIll ~Ii_

f1!r.

';-,.: -d 81'S a; rkan arah g-' ;~- -ny:-:- gil!,-".' ~ e a:n antagc nis d 2"1:1- a,'t d ibedak .. m = :!,~ad be be ,ra',1 . a :~:_ an" .'.ai 'u: _J1 ,j "U~tt
l

Es n~

Fleksi mel~u,pak,an, g",e:.,ak.oto _''1'!II!,k,s,o='" :sehil1g:g,a'b~B'i.am,',ub'-_'~ rnenel uk, misa n,:ya : nsneku 'n,y,ft lutut dan siku, Sed"2l11gk2U\' IekSI te :n_s, m Ie,tu ~akan 10 t~-:-I-'-,W~,0 to r ,e' ks: 'te' ~'$OJt' u~.\,·'tI .-, -:-ures K;-:-i o-e m .. l kembah 'bag-ian, tubuh :y,:::'ng ·tela11 drtekuk, .,-: -;j,~sa-:--yB:m,el'u'-~'!;l(an ,- ki a" t ., .. 1 ,_ '!iii"',.,. _' ... ~,. _ s:._ ,. __ :_ _
I

- Q. .

->Qr .' -

(rie~ , S~I:5ill'

li$~

IGa --blair 4. :2 (; era . a n,~ag • Siti k Or 'Or' p ad'lj 0 etet b~'se'. d'aln' -IdS-I)

Abd uksi :~clal-'. ge'JI',akan. ll:ggo '-a -u·.b'l' '1-1, .e,n:l~ulli S"1JLO'I.btl. m ~.'11'1.-1'\, :n1' S -:n,YI. ,n1.-:rleiil.' alfl:g:~,~,_,tan,gan, ' '-,~1"g8',a 11 jal~ d 1':1'8:'·_-~ IJbahu, Se'ld'atl.g_'an, 'ad uks i ialah ge'l:a,:I',a~,'I, 'an, gcrl 2Jj, t!b u __ mendeka _:i s;urnbu tub U"--J' :nljuj;al~'Y',a 'm,_ ne :g' a' _~,atl t'8:n,-.8_-_
!-

jl

I.

I . !t;'1 [,

, . '~'m" b ~11I,~
. aJl~'

I~!I:'

'~,ii!!Ii,', ~ jJ.lru,·1 .. I 1:& "= [:II l~ 1I!!i,11._1'I.. ,i'1-"'10 ~n!'\§~


J

G". ... ~"I"'II La ~15.l~ L'II.

Pn

Pronasi adalah ge':l~akan, me' lU!-IW.~ '~e'::ap ..' tangan (l,w') jari 'u'n",uk.m l:n-,_.'u.n.:gl~.'Llp~Sled"ang'kan., s, <p:i"nJasi adelah msmuts r 'te"a - ".,~ 'tang'.' an, j,~"~i,U,,_~lt-~, m,ens, -gad, ah, '
.~I, ,c-

EI v s De ,P "Ie!'s i ad alah :ge'rak,a,I],iI!I:((l,U'fu:n,'al1 ~t, 8:go ,'0 tu 1- I. 'II ,,"' Sed,ang'k,~ :gS,'rat:aJ1 rei vasi adalah nn,e:ng,811g:k:a 'an;gg'o' a, tubuh, e

,~" _I

.~ d ~'p,~I., :t 'J. II;;II:U, ,iii",' ,iK,~, ~ '0' ~ mi" at ~,..:II ~i '~", ~,i~~
,~11;",

G an,~'~'t.~,anP :ad,lEI, s is \e:_~_ll" e'rak s Ie ri,l','~ ~'ja],a:u1j,0 le 111, t:lllM,:~'" l a lal -, ,~,,,,~ '. "n.JI·Iii!:Ii: t d'j 'le fl_'L'IP ,Iio', "8 G;',rCiilnIO"~ ~o.'n'·' " ~ ,1.~ '_'U;iL ~~,., ., ·d' ~in __,~, I~i~ lU a t~,~j' '.' o ""'~,
l~1 1!Cii!"J

I,

A ,-·ft

'\;II!

~i[~,

!IiO.u",& II; ,_ '_

§'1Ii"ili0i''''''O(-,

iQll!l;~;,~~d

Ifi"OiCli"-"ij,

iO, ',11=.',

",", .. ",' ,m,e,nanggtll1,g

,",' L,

u'I!'b an t - ','.'re

~iI.

,iIi-:- - )1~iD,1;'0 IIIU. ~'ii""i 0'

'1

d' I'

LU, ,1I!o,

!!:Iio'ii"'iln
,',

I, 'U,

""~.~I-,

t, 1,12i,WoU ~Ieral~;,

1L to 't d" .~ 'dl,lm~U.......uu \.],, " ! l nCF ,t_Oi h -' o' t. ],,8.1t1,_-:ln k a -~ ,ena, p i2',ng,a,r, un
!UI . ,_~, .

,I,lL

i ~-",_:_,

~,

~'Ol
ill! ~

'-1 §i;'i"'!i"'il

..,'iI(... - -I
,"

iI!" la,:

lIl:~

I'·

I'

,.

_" ,',

',.-,

ho rme n, vitaun'~,n,? n eksi kuman pqEi,'nyaki.

I.,

d all lain-lair

flSI

G .. . B U '.~ ~:is':olo•. b,·sa d,is. ~." ·-is ],. '~ k"at,· -_:8'~, .,-'all:Ran, fu._~'·'I·s;:~ " 'vitamin, atau he rrno n, Contoh gan,'_rg-· an fis ie 10: _ is '·,ala:h rakhitis, rnik ..o S lE!I ,., alus, hidros en 1.11'[8; akremagali, dan, 0:15 bE!l o'pO:l'"'OIS is;" r
(~.) Rakhitis ial,ah p'le_:yaki'~' ~'.~-,a~~g _na k,lk,u~"an,gan'v'~tarn'C,~\ ~:,iU~

:D- ~Ji'_m,in D 'be':a"fu'llls:i membantu ,Pl'"OSI!'S '-\ len~mbU1\lan Bat kapur p,eIl,da wa,kt:u, pembe n, "u,a:l1, tulang, jadi, jfka kskurangan v:i,tarnin D n'lel:ll'y,@,'babk,a.n, tulang anggota g'e:raI:

'bls'rbe:lltuk X atau IO,~

(2) :-, l:Uk., os sfalus ,.alah pertumb uhan bL~";al1\1' 'bE' njg::·.or,a'I'c 'y'an,s ter:hanl,b 8't : ':a;I'~!e ab .110rma ' itas t\~:1~OS: n s e :h~'n,:g,ga 'u'lt:. 11:a i uran :kep:211:8. me nj a.d I ke. erl, Hidrcse alus ialah :s'u:atu ,1,"le ainan :yan 0, dttandai de!:ng'ann, :pe-:ng"Uftl:pul at-,. aJb normal eairan 'Spil,all, d an, Ite' r_- d m-,'e lebaren a :ro n,:g'ga 01 talk sehi ,g,g. .·!s ala msmb e S,81",., p

Akrcmegali ialah :l?eln,y'aki:t pada 'bllang' ' .I[: . kel ~b :~ _!!::lin', ' I:po~'p ~!ljl Y"''l:i'n 1tP.~ .·m'··)~'.~'-na b~II & ~,II,""'oa - a 1- I~_''I 'it., ~ ~'lll~ _~ h. Ii _' ~S omatc tropin :.'Ian,g''bel S -,fa.'!' lokal, IOs'I'leo,pOr:,'O:s:i,s ialah pe:nu:run,:a,'n, berat ,tu: a'n'l ka:'!! na 0:5; ifikas i d an b~\I'j CI,d:~
:J' .
'!:iI,
!~-~ -

Q'

'I

11;' _:

'1;' ~

'nl!!!:iii

_I~_t,

_ .~

IW.4; ~

..

"pli!!ii'najh~,~IL'~il~~!~It ''0' l~,,I:, L!'U '"" L,gJI,


,. Ii;;'

,,'!l;

rsabsorpsi au
!I;!i' ..

oiL...··

JI.

~ ..... Ii ,1h~;n, IU iC:U,


lL!u.Ii.

''tl !
l

. '''''

~,I!n-'CF g,iI, 00
'II

Hal .11,m'- apat d sebabkan ,ole< ke 'ain/:-I'iJl f . n,:g':s.1. - 0 :1111 Q :11. :praraho :[1](1,01 n,
,-I,

G GaJlg:g'Ua.n seem"a, isal{ seril:lg' :111en:_:'l!lbabki, n

ks rus akan 'bi; Ia ,'g',. Kar s akan tl'~'.,an,s in.ilj!l' ~Q:1,..,lo'hn,:ya, adala.:ff'aJ' '.ura a:bi'u r=t.=-~,'. tulang, R_ '_. _' t~-'~.anl"da' :>al.,t _E_e _-:,~an, :m,I!'nja.J.i bebera a"
L
I

rnaeam
.:

'l~~ll.li_"

'U''l:IiI'~t-u~ j'u_!m..·· ~
I, "_'

(1' [ ."ra'i'

~"d:i B. ~':abl il:a

,t I, ,811,g' :y·al.:~18 '-,s·,ta.:k


10_ -san

'to -d, ale.

:5 arnpai

__ ~_ :ylebab kan '1

d apa ' pula


, i~

m,e"~:I,ebabkar

lai.'~ I~'ell-';lukra, 8,'_;ftU, _ oto t dan k,'L~,llii't


"I

.~ 1
113 ari-- - air' , I,. 4

iJ!ldu.a .. ;

__:_ Ct1S,~f_. _:, ,

.--

"~ " a .'~_'_ ' lib :1 _ 1\._.0"


''t,

t'· 11, .' ,'-, '_ .1'l'.g81, 1,~_:__.~.:,!-@ t- .ftJ( c 1 .U,iM_g:. ,,' ',-, ~_ ~
I'·

:se:b,agim-,dan tidak sampai rnemisah,


('3
1) :

- - a c:;alnl-'ms,c allm n3~·ak~lIIl!an,DI

,'o"ln\n~nud

apalli],a, ,\U,-.aI18' mengal


1ft.. -,agl,itU1, '-::;Ia.p'~

i re uk:
s;~~.. pai n

-",:_lfE-jad~ 'blebe'ra-,
:I; lelu;a;r dari 0' ot,

tida-,

aa
I-~-

Kec uduka ang -~ elaka:ng' dapat beruhah :Bm,ll, ~e' ~gle.'se:r d -_~~iked. 'tu:t. 'u'~'.an 110 ·l~ma:~.-ya... K II':~a:i:n,a'n k'@II_~ u.d ukan ·tul;litlg bel =- '-, rut:!; ini ad a. b ebe rapa mac am, "',- ,." I,U (1) L,ord,o'sis:j]l" ka 't·u an,g :pingga cg m,@mren:gku,: -;g>'.II!' dapan s=hin.g·g·a. kep .a. tertarik ,ke'_=:, .aka ~.,g,., (2) Kifos:is, j~'ka tU"ap,g :p'u;"lgu,111' Illfi~.eln:glt.u:~l ke 'be l:a.kau_8' S E!' hil',g'ga Q :I"lUl,g: 111e nj ad i b 'lLmgk uk
'.1

(3) S' ,o'~'i,os'is'I' jika t'u',a:ng belakang m,eleml:gkt~,n, ' e' k:~'l~i atal'u ke
.1
_,i~·J··_{~·~lli

~In'~,.,.

~--ta--I tu --n, ~--dl,a,~ ... , am ~rlbih ca·' It


-I~.

['ngap PI:ngoba'Jl.fI

n
II!

er

a
I-,
cO'

djba,ndin.gl' n Onlll1g dl'~va. S1?' D~sk-_:- n si~.

dan.Cla _ ~Ieman s-:-ban -:-kum'U.

'G'a:n'gg 'tum, P,e,':-",sen, .• ian dapat dtakibatkan olah berbagai - - ,alcmn S b,ab s@hi:R Gr I~ 2,e' rj.1"- d,:~, - a 1 o-'g~.,'uft:f ~ rak IG·a'- 10'" O-"U, e ~,ola; lQI D'.~ 0 100 :P Ie:1'"5 e ndi w--, i11i d a p.. ,to d,ib ed,'ak,an, Dr;'1,e :nj adi ;ti,g a. -lite8n'\, :ym, tu,:' d,~ lo kaai, s
U;g;mll[e:[t
'.II!II:gle:s

eran :I ed 'ud,ukan s e. nd i :kare:na, perubahan


J 1

2:)

'3)

ankiles is'" rl-]:l~S e:n __m" :8;n,g ti-I,ft_ .. d..a" at Idig-"rak' al1; _'~:~_ i m:ritis rad.,angm, P ad. a, 'perl@nd,ian :ra:lg diser ai dsnga :rasa sak,i-_' untuk ·~_ige'-,kan .. Ar-.~~~'rft:isda at dib'e~'_ _.an l11J ~lj.Bl(li '~~.ga. :.. naes _n, :1- it_:,
c

'-1-

-c

(a)

Rg-~'IU R'f·atilt

:1' II! . ;gll ub \et.n.·_'s e __I_~_i, (b) Gou - a~~,lu'-:" is, 'y'aittt, g,angg'u,a
jalti:ngml
II '1115

:,81'8" ---" --'Ul'p,aka'l1. pie :n'Y'a',-.-,,' l( ro nis


:~!f!i'~r'LQ

'p ad D,

,-:,p'ler~'s,e dian ke ;~-~::na, n


-'II!

'I-~ICiI'li<g'~~!o: 1- '-,5-

'J~~U

--.I~

~'

!5i

- -.
.

-'~;t, _ ~lli. i._.: Gl~ _.. -~till!!ti~tl ·:-,~I·n.-:·g::-O'~g'-",.


iii,
I

(e)1 Os tlcon'Ji . IIl,liB'Ii' ,i,', at , :~.B'n;'ntici' ' , 'U" Ii ~,~:- cr' r- ~Iii'l!i~ - ----:a ..
.' . l~' ~

sendi karena

.. ,e:ru,p:u;'n,ya,

~-li I 'I!.

!!I

I
10
,g't

n
. kti ants
Iii

bel:I.~,. ran da.1am ,g,e"l'"akW1. Ifa"b'agai, at at g,e'l~ e

J:ik.a

otot rnsngalemi
'te,r:~ambat.

:gan,:gguan",rnaka s~,:s.lem ge:ra.'k. j'US:,a, meniadi


~\'1' 0 to~' d,]'

ad :_-~.;ah: ~ a~

.~eb e']:''"'sp,81 maca ~-~:Sa,:ngg'

~:ar·~ ,~·~a

te l."jad,:i a,p:ab -18 0 ..0 t, 'terus-m e!nie rus rne laku kan ak ~:vi'tas s eI.. ... akhis ,_:: ~a tidak 'mmlpu l.a1gi. 'b,e'f'_ '.o.n:tr,aks:i n. ai karena ke hab :15:8;'11 le'ne:l·g'i.,

:1( ej:an;g: 0" .0 t,

otc' te.' > ,;5 :m,il!:nl!'r.'us '::,-e:llg-=: -:arrf, ~·e'· l!'g-=:I!'t'8l\, :kaJ"\@ml;a in;I,@,ks·· }Jute C'!Qs"'rl;diM'JI,l f ,h'l.ui y _ g"m,m:l"g:,_-lka:n
~lel·tan,tIS, ywt
bOI--'s:i:_,"
C~,
,-I,

'Il-I iil:iil 'iiI'"

,A~:ro,fi, atau miastema 'g,nU:S'f .yai:tLt kead aan otot n1! e:n,gect ,~ i: ~0" ~ eh & .I, '~ (p'1 __ t~. '!f"'iil"i' ,.' f"iI"i' ''fill ;~"_J 0-' W. to' '~In ' D R, _DI.~l~!I!,.IJ~-"~'I"D! .,a··'0 '~L, ,n. II-,~ k ~: a iJ ' ' , ~ ,- ~, m- n·· 'V" a 1....~ 1~: ;§"n·· [n, ,II!. n' O':~ 11 IU J' IlJ! ~1IlJ u D :ke' uo·.PU,--,m,111
l
I~~! '_'_)_ 'lal

~-"II1'"'iiIIB, "
oI!~I!I!~!_:

'~i"R1

ii':iii ,,"'iIi

·1

',_,_l

liil)ii,

,~~~j~~

__

:JIJ!IIJ,r,r

u-

IQ __

IA,

~'_'_'

'ill '!Ii -1~~,_"

!I; [:I ~

I II!.ll~1

l•J

!WI!

JIll

!III

~L

'~~I'~

1~
l~:

iYll~l

t~l til

11;"

~ll

I~W

AI

'

:.

"Iii 1Il:i, Ii ~

W.lll

~,'il"lf;"!jj
UJ.,.l.1

,-

..

do; S _psrtrofi, yaiu,~lo,lwl'_' etet membesar karena 'L.~,ti"~ d ~,11'~"""l·' ~ -:b-er eb ~'- '~"'i" ,]:.h,cu, '
,ill; .. "

'o~cr_':s~~a:p
Apa peny,sbib keja,ng oto '7- pI. p 9rbedaa.n nya d_ n an " !!II:S,?
l 'I_~'

,~,~I""I!!!.,.,

0 1Ii'Ii~.'lIri~, , .OJ' [!;OJ: .... , ~JIj, I!!O-~,

"'"' .. '

.I!J. .

..'!iO-U, L-"'

~I~

:H rnia a:bdon'~:nalis,,' aitu Q to' d::ndinft eerut ., '<~'~ lemah D r0 te-~o be se,ll:i,:ng':gae bat, us us rnemirurt. l
1

"

f..;;

S tif

atau kaku Ie .12'1, aj, \11 :perad'ifulg;an akibat g'E!'Ea·kan :5: ,e' i n,s's D, Ie he :1'"11 ras a k aku, h
j. :_

010 :8"

lahs -" :y·an"g rna :.:ga, arm 'au ,en, .ak ..,n y'aD,:g salah
II

[)I~sku 511. n drFIII ga,n "tlDl'iD


S -,

g'k mu,

s is 'e'm gell",I····pada :m,:an,usia,. Hal-hal :~ile',n',~,n,g-pa s,-'ja-~ yang' harus elike tahui dalam --,em: -Ie =:je.r.i ly'e? 'ei a atlah ,da ~,- -,~,be ,nt'u k r'a,:n"g'k ume n, :K' 13' m d i,- n, '.'U kat al- has ,-:[
I

i-,a111'U '. alah

mempelajari

,~m'g' . ·ltO"

-,I.

,f

..

e·ngan., ';-:. I: ."gkt ,,',:o'n, tie


-',lIl

;ij, .. -, -

.·ri:kan,

ll8S ,,-l-<..,an" ··_ s;~t-=; d -..

_.

,.':ad,a :ran.gk,'Ufll'an masin ~;,-:masdn,

"Ain f ~,al, S i.s tro

,_

, liil!II'III 'iI!" I~ nd ·i a11ii"!iJ ~f ~ ~


~. IE:'
&1 ... "

J.Ii"_

ill

III

',''!:Ii"nl ~IlJ ~!IllJ

g' '

1_ I

,~,rro· ~'iiI!

[."III
J

m' '
II

,a,,"~, ~ Ii_tl. ~

,-'I. ~n'

""~ K ~
.

tWl

11...·U:lJJ uK §I'"

II

,Iio'i!!il l II=:

'if"'J- ~.AI 1;_IILll


~
:

[I·

n'
I

Y"'.

~i 1~_1t

91' ,-i,·,

ge'l~akatL

""ntage nis
ni,
,I!I;
;r_

t,~ 'u 111..,


_~.~I.:_~

__

'~Iil!"'~

'~YI
II!!'

_l'u'b'U'f\,rall

:an.tar't

_'_I

an_' atau an,tars:E!':gtnen",

D ~I''!:ii, ..110'-'·0-:' ,~,,~ ILl " ,~


,.lil~

,iIiIi'

~ _-: !!r.s,e,nd,at' :' lang c ;al,:pa:t d.ige,mkatl1"


-I

End,Qs: ,'"eie'to:n,

Ic~II' I ~

~lnD" ",~ dl a'Jlt.ru..!&:ltJ!IJ '~I§'ii"'!i!'TiI


·~·JiErJl.l .'
J ••

._. ,'ub ',''ig seraf.


' _' r-::Ii,_,_IL.-_'_,_"_'Il-'

ld i

'te' 'g',I- ,10 rak b 1@,lakang y,a:n,g 'it


~a
a '11;1 1~1~!I!;_r_~j

Ie' '-:

a:t.:i se I

ul-il)Jl-'11 '_

,t'_'U,_,_'.~I,§_, ",_""'-"IO"",_,.:·,§~I'!jj 1II1-I'tL.. W,tEdJ.L ~'!lIL,lr"' ~

'Ik

,-,r~ _~ _" ~

'8

n,'~A y. ~~

._,11

'

-,ak ~ ,.o,n .I ' ; 51 II


"[ '.ii!!Il '.-

,..... emendek d,an, ,m,e:n,e'g;iIj,n,g,n,y'a, s'e.r,a.btl.'" O','ot'8:m"le'na, m adan:y'a., l'"an:g':S,al1g"


=

L ',a:-anl-:n, !ClI

an ~ gall fta,t ,a;t,-,tll'u'l.ang ra '1'\7'80, b Ie, s-fait elas bs m,le'c__·;b'aJ,tt.,t per-s_ n! i-, '_"
,'_

'yang

......."et~,..~',b,e' 'u:kafl t:u- q


=

,rBJ"-'!l

rn ,I-adi u ~It:gIH!jal'·'1

se':~, :,' el:111~lent.'Lt,:k 'l'U_cWlS' ya'n,,':~ ' e:n'se'_~:l"e'si"ka:n :_:-",a_'~~~'ks:


'\U- "l:II'iino
': '~"'QI"
,

,\ul-'

~,g -r-;j,'R'i' -=-,'n halus Y'- ~g: , yang je,l,as:,.


10 ~ .!I~ ~
I,

l·~'ii"-~ ,"'~'n,~~~
~

,'-':[-01 ,ol'l"'n' _. .I I~
J

nada p,e'mb'ul ~~
~
" 'tit ,I'tll
-

wu dar _ l.i,gilrru~nl..
I
J •• --~ -.~ •

'I,

~'n-:-~'u~;U';"I'll;tJ' ,t"'i:1al,Q sa:~'bll.'11I,1i; '~ ~~'lil - ~ ~~ -~~

i§J II§;- -

las is
~ -

'aU, S'IlU','illb'u,b"e',r '_ arna putih yang' :[11en,gJ~,I-ung.kan, 0 ',o't ' b de1ngan I;' ~"k" y,-ng d~. a:t bergerak,
_-f"'

'. "l~'" .~

,_.

'I '." *,,", ' .. 'C'" ILJ D '01

Y":' ".l~aj't".', I "1,0i' '


','
'I i

'S'.,." - ~'

-!"iIi i' ~

Ifl'!i"n'" ~ .. " .'

"'U' S 'n ~U ~" I,...:. r Q.A a

A" V··

10'

,t--

!I

,"~'[ '.iU\,mios:in' erda at .. n d,ala ~;-' S Iel 001', , ~~ I U - ad a., 'b a.g ian, ...."' I -,a, :5arke '1-' _;e;t'Snl;B d!l' S '1J:t_~O',l~"el r b :n,'ukJ.e'us: Ie' pI as mo i,e m.il
I~ ~I

e ~ mio t- ~f~],

" e I atn -'n, uta 'g b 1 ,8/ a S ]fftnc me: eng,-'~tm,g ':'e a_fahs:~ ~~:p"'~'SI{' aa'u, kanan dinamekan "!!!l~' a, 5, coliosis d. ankol ie sis e. d is kolas i. b. kifesis
;01
l

i-~

:2

-,

u la ~I,g""'u,:-,a~'g" b- ,r"-k u, It'le,~,; .as ,tl:k ~'J s ,',em ',bJln, aks -alj~ .. el"utH:i a, O~5S '~~im.1Jln a.. esilium ,
!ilii;i!i

c!~ lordosi s B~T

b", IQ s ko 5: 'ta,e

Ie ..,

O:5C

,a,":m@Llla.,

i,l) @ ; s d 21'11 trisep DvU! "'"'-I,' plH'ka,n, y'ang' _ akerja ~5eaF'a antag onis l b is e P s bl@'! ,S; i~,abe rikut, ke'CI IQl i t
8"

10

,tot

d.il~.

nlln

e.

0 ISIC 8 fV i.'cwis
1

flekser
l

3 " '~.,ei ":S Ie -,Id, ian, ,1a "I g :Rl Ien'B" h,u,'b U.: -I,gka ,, t lang' ernur d,en,ga,n, ,fibia tib u a
:1

,Jf' d-·

d-' '-,

b. nl,e01ben:g,. ckkan 'le ,ng-a11 b:a, ' C~ merruliki insertio d, :olle,n'ti'liki d 'U", 0 r:i,:go
I~

','-I

,",~~,,~

::'I@

:lue'l ~ :11,'

,',

's :~ltl,,' .

"..;-:1',' .0

a,

~,iiurtl~ol is s

'b~ :sdnaJ'1tro sis:


'~:" ;ulartgl'''1iOi.lll.I~'_,

lei P utar Ie~ p=,~,':,.~a


Hi'

9~ l:@I:r'~kli."· ln1 merupakan ,t, I'an,g akibat ke ainan


1

:k'Eltai ian fis iolo I':~s,


\~ ~
~~

'II,..

K~,'(1

'ZII ~

I!!

!13

l!l! !I!

~. ~ 1!lf"1'-Y-1I, _

b ,':'i k. u, 1,11', ~ ~!l,a,s uk I C!'lun- crani ~t~j'II'1 I 'a -'10" ,. v, .ak tC)n'1 n iri!! .~,;;".,

ul ang'
,,,,",,I, "'''

1-'"

"

iii 't~1 I!i;;U,iii.1,

!lo'L, '!lo,'I;!!Io;_",

,I",",

~-_C24a,r
a,

'~I•
o!!'O;~;O;

R.. a:ktrQ'-l e.g --'-i b 01:9'ILe0:1 ,~101"'0:5: is C.. O'S '_,@I(L._l.a'1.asia.


l
i

d
I

- "at- - - .
_ ,1i
I',

~,-'iII
.

!!

f·o

I.·:~

e-- ....
!II!
I'

~1t..;

~~I~.

-'Ui-~ '. . Ii--i

IO~Stempe 'raJj,(S

d ~ osoksin italis

b~
e~

'O,S

P ar~,lental 'I'S:
al is

e.

10 :51
1

fro,ntal ~s

01snas

5" Oto t '_"'-I,'ns' a k ,t,~ i-Lie; e.' rj , b ias at: -,1'a :m,e'n,gal~ ~~I.i rasa pleg~l ~·Mg d,~se,'babl ... klan, cleh
,~n~

lO~ S:e:rik'u'_' ,i._-j eru'p:_ _:_,an s,~.fat..·si~-al tot e nm.CiJ":k~1 lerulri'l 8.. b Ie f" , ,0 ntraksi e El" ~'at b cle' -8' . Ele:l,ah
'OlU" l~ ~ j

a, '_,~,T,_. '
b, A,:DP e~ as mn p ~,:""'U vat
6;i c--

d , as :al'tl lak tat e. :glu'ko'sa.

.sp,- l'gOl"LI. -1 sa, p, 'Sat d.. letak ~,:n,'~i, ,elll,gah di _,~,~~l:ioib :~-,] : tidak homo g 1i]I"
11 .. I -

ii''!ii

'!I", '0'

-I' "',

ar

11 Enl~ -l"g'~ Jj
II< -I

Ij; '_'

,iI.

vlg

IL..U,

n lCt
1

p' ",0 d- i-I'e'.


'I

''!;

ti!!l1,f!l1 iii -, ,~ g 1~1 § CF ,iI. , ,~, A.1L;'U..lt l!i;!I;g'

a-'

['-!j

_I

',a fl,i~ d [~ !!I.~' ,. ~t. _ ,

I@' -"
1

d a;o i-k -a

'-, '~~l a

b -r ik 'U, I'

gle'rak pada
a,

cot berasa dari


d,
"e,

'~"'IIOI

D-

01_. 1, Q ,~o'tan.'~ung~_~_,ruab· _~",~ j a, '~.Jr::.:-_j D,W1y,ak, b~l_ 'tat. in,'j di '_eJ'ngaih,


e " me 'g-a.lamn,i,',' e: c aba'l'gan,

b, '''llu~.O'Sft. c, sarar

1-

._ 'Ii'1 ~O"I,,'tl _,I._n ~ r~ ..-

d. d iple:ngaru.hi, saraf sadar


rei ,ce pat 'n(l,e;:ngalmll,:i tie'
i

19:,'

,_i:

~'11,

olt1o-' d, tulang b, Itu,m - 'I~~'B' s, I ,a c.~ tul ~-18" ',_,an 0 crt


a,

cL-1 - SaJ

I,

13'~ Kala I ahe n oto '.' me:n,'-,'@,b,ab:kan o to 'I :kejml:g~ :Kea.d'a;W], :i -r:=, .-- -;slebu,'., a, :~, .ram d, ~ :_/10~'tr'-I,I,i
,~"",OJ

,-an

HI I~ ~

'~a, g .II, ~ .. ~Ii

.-.

"'~~~'1 . ~ ~II~

!I

"

,e'.. atre -',~ to '~. 0


it, h ',,",,I,,I!:[ 1'- P t umrsu.nan
.' "-' ,.,.;' , ... "1 ,- ,-

~,~t faJ.'~1.'S ~OJ;= b. mikresefalus


'8.,
,~I
t'!i' _, "",._ ;":'":~"'" ~,iI.

d.
[I"

' ' '0.

T"i['Ii' . .Ii,.Ii,III..

e' g- ,_11= ,.liW

'r,____~_i'tj,s :
_c,

'0,s!'~e ' ~ere s :~,S 0,


,

I' .. '

I .. t' 'k ,u,_,a.ng t,eng, k ..ol.a,,"~' .. I . ',' ., -' "",,'

b!:l'"hannb:a, " ,karl! lift,

'abl:nOl111al~

tas

I '., ... i11, . O':s

dissbu t a, :~'d,~'QIS e ' ~al Lt,;


",,;i'i
c-.c_

i~LI~OS [I,fa__ 'us

I~'"

akl'~'o,megali

B ,J a' ah la . so al-soal berikut de'Il1QI,an sinqkat ,~ .. .J elas. '~ n


m

1, 'Ie,las'kan,bagaimana ..

pemb',e.:ntul-'an,

'I

,-

,ang' pipa dan, 'pelnanjan8~ann:ya.!

2~ T'ulis--an1~~, ( . a mac'~,~~ - lerr.a;ngk;aubtdl (s;k:ele'to,n)dan .ulru-,g'i.t, '-81'8" :p'-'n~·~t,lJuru,y,a., 3", Tuliskanlah lima maeml sendi pada :pe''fs_ndian, diartosis.
,4: Ielaskan mekarusme gerak'ada, .. , otot Iurik clan ke'b'u,ul:lan, le:ne:r,ginyaJO 5 .. 'Tuliisl"ani:al, sangg 'all-,:tI'imgg'ltafl ":.,ang da ,at 't.i!F.jadi, pada ,

'tu:1ang, :pe,cslend,·an,

dan

etot,

You might also like