Set merupakan bagian yang mendasar pad~ dmu bloJogJ.

HaJ rru sep« , atom tielem ilmu klmla Set merupiikan kumpulan orgBne'~rJfgan@ll 'lang memlM(1 lungsi dan dapal hidup BukJ, bahvNJ set merupakaFJ unt. yang hidup adifJeh
edan"Ei

organisme
?

berse!

t.'unggal_ Bagaimafl8

sebenarnya

se! 1118'fljBlankan

prosesny but"}

Apa yafJ9 meoyebabkan

se! dapat mefJlil/an~n

proses

terse-

Setehdi, mempe aj(l( rnaterw ya ng '~:erdaplt dat.am bab in I dilh arapkan sVs-wa mampu mernahaml balhw,a s'EiI msrupakan un-; kehid~p3n terkecll J'~n,g memiliki s'tfuk-tl~r dan fitnl,gls,i un~uk, m e nj.al~anlk3n I~H()ISes "ehidUip a n.

~ 2

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

Peta K10nslepl

........., . ~ 'L~pUli,.
.... -

~W1
~,.,

,Pi - . ¥

I,

',",n .

w.~~tO~1,'Ii;,

BmaMl, :G~JI,Ii, - len~o~om _, Re ~u]J!Ufi~,

e~pln,",nrlQ,

Miml;n~:ia - li'5io,t;am,
=

- Pio.:;:;;l'ias

- Mltmruib~us
-

'lIi."""~ :ra D.:IiD1li1,'ll;Hft -,L,.'i. &~1II,l ...

_,Psot~,~Qm
,~....iI.;:lI.......;J'

~~~.

'!!Ii".

,_ 'ruL~i
." Dtnl!il

- T:~p~r gktij' pl~ dw.'il/,

~ek'un.d,
=

,bW~i

'~'IL ": .... "'"~,~.~<'",

,G.~·"""~",~,W',,,_

~·:B~~~~
_.'iflaplf~~
_ '1IF.II<i .... """""
.~_,.c~~~.

~,-~~

~~~

... ,

,A.,

Pel.lld.alt'u,,~.'ua.n

Tu~han de'ngan "~u~:l"bJ.k, y~m1'g' Ap~~f' d '~~M!l~.atJap'.=s iJ, denp-l :~'in:~·~t~tl'~ln:ya N'mll,uf\, dap!a&ah. k,~,iat, rTlem,b~an"arl bapnana k~u tubuh k.it~d,iur,~~--, menj~dJ, ba~~-b~gim :y~IG,:~~-,~'t:~·'e~.i '(' Dalam :.h-nu 'bio:IDgl, hal semacam ini :m.'enjad,~ bahan t,ajian :yan.g :lnenoc:a. Dalam bio,~lfJgj. u la d:&,e~.ui bal1~\m b~m, ~,ar' :penYU5u." or~ig\m:E! p ' 'da~'_, slet
:M'M,'US·~, tslah dir:.iP"iWk,M,

Ses e (I'ran g' Yml,g' :mle n.:g;am~H s e'_ :i,et:Ztt" a, 5 e:pr:in:t:""lS, lai ~abD~·,alJtDr'iuni. ak,a.rrll
me li1l~,tble:rilDa '~g'
'ble'~,¥R~:'

U d b el:gi:tu, s ede'1"l'tm1El .. :Selbe:n.~'lya,-, rnas in,g-nlmin,g

.J.

~,e,:~, ldaa-n ,tubuh k,i__b~~,an 'lu~l'iametr~polit dis ibukkan, 0~eh b e~r'bagai 'Ien 1$ k Iegiaitan.
Sleb __gam:w1~EJ!., ~nya,k'ij :
'I'"

yan~g'tidak, henti-hentirrya

~_, .:mJe'ttllJ~pil~li'>n, '5e~tizq:J5el memilik,~. ;.~:tu.$~ r:ibu. ~ bua], lai~ i~nJel~',a', 'tena'U;a. dan, pl~ab.1" t 'ba11.atII lJakar,,, s:is, mn, trat"so er tm; i, J\~r in lel~· :fl1" i ~o ~ 1:'.

<-

'pen gharu:'lu" maupfiLl'n 'pe mbuan,gan sempah. Slid j u ~ mem.ilik i ,p'oo:r- ik mu 'ta~;h,H-'yang :m,en,:gJlas ilk,an, beraneka I~'agaulprnduk. Unfuk men gop,ermikan pabrik in,:i, dibu,tu.bkan sis,I_em impor un'lu.]!:;;, memesukkan 'b£lhafl baku 'tel." len bJ, dax'i, ,l'l:lat.' 5,e ,_ s e,r 'fa s is tern eksp or unruk men gir:mn;k an prodnk jadi :yat~:g' akarl d'rugunatall 51!! L,,mllya l Di dlWanl '5e~1!l~dap-,,'_'t'juga:s,:ish~:m h per'tahanan dan keamanan lil,:&ku~lgm, ~ um! ·...al . ......... d . 'ill .. R-."., :yen-'~g' 1· d t'l1e_m:__un~y:n ..J ....~ 1 Mb&ln, lml,'yan,ig ua,~ulg":_ _,·1it'llaT'. D·lSaI'1l'pU1'g' :h)~, aua i, , ..:I~. j:ug-a '5:15 em :plellne:rin~ahan y 'Rig rnen ga:rur. ,ker'ja, 5,le:-" Sill 'm,erupak.an Ul1it fjlf:ga1'm,mi, b~!'~·,k,e'a:i'. YM,g :menjad.i dm'_~_~ k,@hidu,p,~ d.al~ill N"ti l!JiOllo'gis_ 'Sentll;if\. fu fl~ i k e:trddupM dia~ul" dM biB,'lan,~''l'Ln~B' di ~,~n~l'Un'ruk :melak'U:ka.n,,::un,gsin.y·a,s,e'~, te:lalh ddengk,~i dB~n.gaI-' berbagai
--If
u'-

klGJ lTIuu,:ik,asi y'm1~J1"'um:i, dan s,isl't~:m,

ol"garu!

H'
I

,",

adalah Sit :i. 'Ka:ta. ,$J'; Hu. Slend'if i d:it.en1ukakan IJleh Riol ".ert :H I !il.dklli!l(lb35; ll.103) 'yat1:R' 'bilE!~r,ar kot~'l~-lntQkoso,,, 1'1" s e 'd:ll':~W', i _,211 pna:ti ~a.vatan :g~lbusd.enp:t ti k :m n1ikr [ask o<p. 5 el'lm1,Jlu, tn,ya, dis :(m,:pulkaJ1 b ah:V'let s'el'~ ter d'n~idar i t. eaatuan za t yang dll1al11.ak. an P,f 0 to P Iasrna '15f.'~,1ah P(t D I Dp ,~as:n(la, :PB'I"mnla k,c i d:i:pak ali oleh )'ob.,Ann B PUF.kin" @L ,M:mnuru t §nhann as :Pu r'kin"IE!: 'pl' 0 t(]~plas:ma d'i'lCJa~, :menj adi dlla 'bag].ai1,yadtu, sitDpl~lTl.a. dan, nuk le~p'lm:ma
=
1I

'P'Ei'n'Bd;~anm en unj 1

uk:k.an b ah'tf.\l\iDJ, satuan

uru 't ter:t IE! C.:~ 1

dart :k eh idupam:l

!cilwmlD dan 5!cbI.IM.i(f,11mi (l,g,38).,. :mrmya:takan, bah . 1.3 rumblidlaR ldan h~1at], mem,pun:' ai ,Pl2fS,arnaart" yru bl:~. ru:bu~"1,ya,tetl'SL15,UR eleh ,S 121=iS 1. 5e lan~t:_l e 'tnya ~@:,Il!~t~l'$ (!btl ,t dik @.mbangkan m~nja.dJj, s'ua:ru, te:IDFi s Eilbag-ru 'b!:f":~il "0. t i, S!~lml~:tupakan '51 :wan, S ruk 'rural taFklec~l Otgan iscm!e h~dJu,:p, a Siel mierupakml s afuan Eu:n 8S ionru. '~e~'"t.lec ganmme hidup, il or
l

ift~'] !IJII~:

bil~'I~~.a1' ....;iI~
~~

I~

~l-

'iI il"i_;i!i;11 ...;iI_'l Uil iJ,l~ JJ ~

~""D::?1Iln,;Li!!!!_'m~~~l-'iI"'Uc~ 111.~ ~. ~ ~Ul:1

!1111~1 I •~

-§;I

....lahL ,r_I~' U
!~l I ~l ~

. -', ',-' ,Ii 'iil.., 1-' ~, ,."i~_~ '-'1- if· -, ',- - - - ,:' -... k- 1Ql,"-~' .at11 d ,.,an,g {Jan, ,~e)u,_-__ ~:,m, ,... s,e;~- ,iln_,o,r,mas,~, ~ene
..._j

~~,_, .-,-al ~, ... , -·-'I",,"-'iIk··k'.' ,. .:.l!1iE!!,m.ua,s e,~, ,' ..•,ll~JIL:ru,pne. ~ U . ,aFt. ~...1"'t··,·,,·,t r IVla.5

mil:!

=-·-·t""",·'t.,·---:-1

aLI

1·"",!Il;"m,e _ 'M' -,'::', " n

j,

~'i\.., _U'i-.

·d· . : ., ,. ·,0_.1 m,_l

r.

,a.IL

--;-"~I_I~rl,,,,,,,11

-'-'--'~e.~, !t:_u,SI!n:~. a l
-.J --

'~I'·k-·-'"· IgL ,1F,rm,

4,

B,icec/o i S~, AI , A Kefas

,"e

majl' pr'IDI ~e'n 5, er , 80,'S'I ,-'bstans, i 'lain d,ir ombak k,emu dian d is"m tes is i oleh DI[":gpn,el-'DF'ganel set :5e:ljuga rnelekuken l'e,s:p:u-as,i unhik :menlghmi:lkan
1 j!

,S - :tOP las

~~l'gt

Strq,k,t,~:r ,&1 'u.n'I~'i,BagiAllI~Ba;lian

l ,

Sel

S,~lm!e1\u.:pB&anuni ~~rt BeU k. eh idu..:pan" :K eh idl.l.pan dimu.'1 ai di dalarn s'le:~, SleJ ,a,eL,}ah sua:t.L'l 'pabrik y.ang' dj, dalanm.ya, ,~a,: dis m.'t.IS;S:ls ribuan, :m,gleik,u.l :yan g 'fiI;m gat dibu, !l'll~hk,M.(J leh [D,I" p1mm:!'. Ukltu,.,ar;, '5 e1b e'l"Uatias i tell[" P'·h;U1.g rungs in;ya ,8 en:tLit s el ju.oa, 'ter.gan:tLU;l;g': .'l1l1~I'in.ya Gat:is, 't~np s el b e:r.Y'aJI.' im i an 'tara. 1 ,_, J 001 pn'~ Se:~ :paltng' b lesar aid.allah 50 IE 1 b:llu::_~ an,g5a-l' s,e d __' _,gk,an s e.l ee~",pmjan"g'adWah sen. D bel -_dell s,le I S,:_ J. Plef'h _,~'tikml k mal' -,~,, uk tU'art 50 ,paoo, , 3_ em, [g}-D""1lbm" .:1- Belrth,\Sau~kan jumlah, 'se'i p'en:}/u·5'Wtny~..:mlika, or:pl1is 'me dib,eck:* _.: 1 ", d'" . . U"I!;le:[~ ...:11: ' . atm saw, se 1; rrusaIn ( . I"ya, Q1t1'A~tJJ~'t;!,Ar'IiIA';:a~ L,...II, ' " m e.Rla,, 1 01"'g-.,;:t[l~s\me uruse l'~ 'e.rl~il
~I

,.I,

s erta sei 'U m lah f~l.ng i dan P 1",0 ro.zoG) dan mu :t,~s,Iul er (h!rdir 1 aim ba!1yak e~ s e:~.)":Pad.\a (]:rtpmisme mu ]:tjs, e:'bJle:-' ~e~jiadi p e'ln:b~gian hj,:~, t1er.lhadap :5 e ,=:5 e!!'

p(!'1\1I!yttstJ1'onya.

5e:nyang hidu"p mem:pltfl'yai sltru:k'h.u yatl:g' 5atrut yairu: :ffilem'bran seV mem'brall, pleema, :81,'~.51e( (tlujkl,;'~',:s)",sitOp']a5lll~ ,eLm, tIll"gm-"elsel

,_l

5 enya¥'m pro tern.) - Mle!:mn'tlF',m ~,s,el disl&! bu ,t jt1.~ mem)bran, p~mlna __ 'sreIDapu,t 'rem plasn1a ,Lle~ b!e~rsma, 'hil rvfobJ\l~:t.ar en a. t~,dak laru, t da,larn ait~ SIe dw.l,~ ml, ,pr!1]1e in . bers:if,'_,~'Iliril'Ct_'lik k,M'en_~, :~.u.t. al .• ll ,ml'. 01.e:h. kareno ieu setlpu'_' plasma _ d be r:5:if,a'~' 11".llf'y p~"u]IJ'a',b; (h '_ S 1 ..=,:y:a, 'ttpc~rt ms m-m,uk. km1/d,ilfn""-_ ,ti m'D l e k u.l tel"'hn,lu :s~-·a)adau, sl'n',ip"n1'C~'~Jt l ',_:e'm,bran :5'e:_, meItl'b,~,b~'&:i.stB_Ja kegi~blnl : :yang b!!'·adi di dalem se 1'sehin,~ 'r.~,dakmudeh tel'ga11gg;u, oleh pen:P"' ,:11deei
t

seny~-~ :t im- ~ 1,~p(J'tot'ifl (g~bungm--, cari s,eny~Rl LJ!.flflEtk al'[au, l:P:i.'d dJan:g;;an

· M'1' '" ,l~

.1

ifI;m---'k,~I"'~

U,W,[~,',

1Ei:~ 'D;.J1""""1I,,,",')Ik ~~Jl l~~_~~~,

e

,e

I~~'~_':r"

1EI"'~IEliU' ,., y'£l!ir~ II:t '~"'-'liilet9JP 'p-"""1.;:IIAII~ l. ',. ·~~.IIi,D. l~~~,·_ _~~ 'i:Uu.lIl.ci
'_

1!!II'II19'ii""

~~,~]

.... ~~ "'""·1 ' _'

a-r-s'i't~,
~I]

~'iFlIi .~,"!~Ilbil,~

IL .~,~~ ~-

Jj.

-fuM. Perhatiken gambal" 1.'. :l?I!ada sel tumhuhen, Inemlb

,:;;'1 ,mikiba'~'tekenan
'~ •
".J_'I,_'f
b-

I("a,n,

'51! 1dalam

k e.adaan
..,:I·'n[, ... l

nmrmed me lel '.'at padla iii l~ld'i I' "

,i"'un,gs:1 Y.ciij",W, :n1!!f.11uran
''il:!i

~...11_ •. '

'I~

5~1. Khusus pada :581 'tut,~,J\:nJbaf\~, :5e:~m. me;m!pun:yai :srelapu,'[':p,im1na"mmih ada, sa.tu,'s,trtdt 'tul~lagjt yan,!' Ie 'rat ny dilum' 5, e:~a.pu,i: lasma ,ym:g' dis e'b u t ,"i n't/inr ssl. U'mu,'mn.ya dind-i11B' sel tersusun P deri
.' a'l, ..dllt rnenuju ' dum :~ap,i3selnYaY-m Sf.lulosa, dian 'fara, :t edu,a, lap is en selu losa tad" be, ~dapa't :nonggayan:g dinemekan lerne a, tengah, yan,g,dapa ~erisi oleh zat=,zatpen:~la.t
c'1iriI' '!;-~~ll~, ~,[I..,,!!JII~ ~1';'iif'II' :~l~Lll' n,ad"la' ,~.'~~. ~'.
I'
I'.

amu .menin,:ggalkan

,~H!!,I!;, a~1 .1f'U,

,hI l'gO,~"dar i dalem 5'! 1. :51&!--,-ageu,p':m ;,_:_ b I!.~' ~m:t:g 'yan,g

~..'

~_f~,~wu1

se,p@l"ti ',~g',lti'n. kihn" p!-ktin ..s,u~:rh~l, dan, lain-lain, .

d'~'iP'Iid~mo rnbuhen 'I!... -..;:a--~''IL,,~...:iII.~'ii'':iID ~t:!ii-'d' ~~'~ [~~~li " I!"'!n1-'iI!..l iJ., ,': ~ I ~I :sel ~e.~'~~', 1t~1·'"· ~~~II 'r'~h Pada: 'L"t-,-:I••• ,p~,_se.~ ",t,yan,g,d.~.' ,'h-'- . 'l,g&~\'L ~ .' a~ n.o~ ~ll. / .... ~[_.~-. 1118;"IL '1'~1-- .... ,:,.,::' U~Ul .-,-an ,5 _ c,p,~nUl .··.15 U en lJel ~pa pen. '-I'~ :,an'g' rus,e'but ,plas,uoa';.'sl-fEtl yang"'berfungs<m, :me:nghu'bl:Ulgkan slid,satu d1en,§,FiIl ',ra!1'D' lam" ,J~ ~
n
'j~ "

!~!.~,I~l .~ "

dL~~'~,

,,~,~IY~Y11~1:~I'

.!' ..

','

'1

'-"~'-.-

.'~'

IP'rDb~,iIn

I
IPlmtBi;n

'Grkopm,le ~n

penenma
M JDltDllilfli,d]
AllalLilul Uj~nl ,II

larbohidra~

Sitoskeh3to n

1iran spor protein

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

" In fi ~t.·l (II

·"e

ifS)

,NukJJe'[t5 be:r'tllg;m;, mengon'tr'[I:~. kegm' an, 'y 001. '8' tel"j a,di. d:i :5,itop':~ :'_,111_ D:~,dabm:n :nuk.:~ sus tel" dapft't, k,r@lnIDsom yang' bleris:l ,DNA, yang mel"up:ak~ e I!' tak b :~ru b agi ,Pemb Ie n. tu:k,an b er bagai p ,'O'f.~~ ~;'1
rerutarna enz.im,
B,:niz~m, diperhsken

dalern

me:n:I·alan,kan berbagai ftit0F·]l di sitID.p:tas,ma, :I:nti sel tel'd:itri dari 'bagjan=bagkcm, yadu: '. S,e,,-~u it inti (t,m ie b!ka)~ 'Ill :N'ukle·op,bsnm. ,~,arioHm:f,a);.
'. :K~'[]lma,,inlk~'O(lnOS'I[Drml

'.

at hV'j,tas

'N uk le:o:us (anak in~:i.)~ Fun gs], dar i m. 'ti :5 m1,adalah men ga. TiLl r s ernua
r-

~,;uk~:u&.

I egia:tan) sal, :taa'"lena. di dalam inti se l te,r'd~!Sd'

:k'"amos Din 'yang

b e'fis i :DN' A, un h.d(. men gatu~r sin tss is :P(f. [D,tein,

. B cam~
,.

".

l'.

~~

Umll~ ~.. ~I

. .... '-~di c::a11[" dE-~- . ".... :Slei., 1fi~. ..

'.' -" ,.'

I'"

ak-

... ,.

..

..

.~ut~D,-m,m~
.. . -' .~
1-"

k- h ".usus
." 1 I

t'U1W " Ca1[,ml.

.'. I' , 1 '

'-k·

:Yafl:g' berads da1lam, inti

r .. ~... .

d.inamakan, ,:~~tkllp,' as:lru~'.:Ful1.gs iu'tmna,:kehidu.p-nn, ..G 1_, "H- " .'.-., e ._- .e "I!,IIo.t..-j'j .. ,,,'ill.. -.1_ b e!l"J/an.gsu, .',g ·d··~I- ,up,~n1a. . ,'. ,an1:Plf s"', must ke gm,NBn, l1,1~u1{;N~!~,:snJ;A' eE,.an,,~un,g,··d·: . ,1.S"~ . ... 1 ....:II_'~,_--, b.Ieftsl Calf'an. k· e 1',,-2)1.....:l' :B11. u,- -11_'1__ sr. -t· esma ~...J_ .. . .. . '1 ~_J;~!!L!.\1!. ~uangan I'. ~Il a,pi, Itcruapa t- c~",gan.e_, Dl'"~, e'], yan,g me laY'Mi!" layan,:g dalarn can',an k en aJ (:mefu:p.akan, k IClltlid,,; :namu:n. bdat :homogt!n) 'yart,g disebut Flfflh"i.;!j. O,rgan1el :n1eln:lalankan, bamlf:yak fun gs ,lJ. k eh:~ditr pm. s e:p'ler 'r~, ,'r: ti'sis lm~,ra ,f~';,Spif1iisi (per ombak Em)!' p'eny.~pm:lan~. : Sii '~ set..ta :n":B,aks: ta'r:ha.d~1 :r,Mgsang'. 5ebagian baSal" 'proslRs di delam si'loplasma
Sf!' .
I "'I ...... -.,JI., .. -, .

I~

'1"'"

..

'Ir"'i;

,P e:n,yu-' ~sun. l1.larna. ,am' i ~.itDP-.1mlT'dtl. ~.daJ.ah ' .ir t90%) ~ 'her'unl~:IJ . $le,'b~Urai 'p~le' Mut - '-' . ' ,z. ,. kirn:i- . zat.-~al ,'.' '\ "-. -,. . . "D!"'" - ~ ,0 ,'." b , .Jil· ~ler['J,a"'.ln,ya re'~'S.l_.:m1:~.a '5e',~. ,.,.,'L • k-·· 1serl~;~3,el- "p;! me1uL, '" • d-· -· " .,- e _ 5 .t ,d-_ ,_~1 I~ . .JI~_b- ,- d~l ym1 -~iI 0_,I[lall '-'1- ..' e'_',a.'.. :._ 'iii.. enua _ e,~r'ft,a........ g l"e'~Id--" __ , 1 ._~a,!. d· i~H ..... 511l:P 1~_,1 _ ·t ., h· d " '~_l a.sm _ ..,1_.. b '.:.:e;,r5~'~~eL. ,__ l.cJlJ"p se:r _Ell,
I' 11

di~~d;ul' secara, ,.::n...;

""ll t"i ..

II!;.

'11'

fI,.

,j..

1~1I,

m1enjedankan Iu:n:gsi=:' 'ungs~, ~ ehidupan, Or ,ganl!,, Se 1 'be r 5,Ie! but an ~at· lain r'ftJ 0 S [J m, r e! u,lu m a 'tik
't .. .dr en d· '. O,p,I.a,s,mst rruro k on.·.r·.La.. ru·· ''s,o,SQ,m; b dj' ··a··BllL ,go 1 ~; sen rOS,OlTI" p 1~' rida, 'V'MU,IC!, ,a.. :mitl:"o'tu,bt:llus,i!' n1:Uo, I(],n~arnen" dan percks iaom.
. '. 1 ", I " " '.' 1 . . .. (-

-',

..

(.

'I'

'.

:"gGstopinSUUI SI1TUK, 'ktr. :ini 'b ,e~~,'btu k b uIat ':lel;o,d]ir i ,dm_"i dua e:n par tit e 1. bes~t dan k e~i~ ada Y~.B:m,elek a!t:5 e:pan;:~:B
RlroSOtJl

l~etik.:u,um sndop lasma dan sda :pu" .. yang is olih~'E" l i9J, atau. 'be·bM. Riblcs,g111 :m1eru.patoo Qr~lel 5,e,_, hn"'kee'i_ di I~".~~'~mn Fun'p,i dati. .l·ib'clstJ:m. adalal1, slat -el"'n,p~'l'ts:m.'~fjSts:pirarteirl. 8, .~_, 'ttlf ,ini hat-,y-< d'~p-=.I't uk di~.iha:t' den gan mik1i"csk,()P e lek I ~:on..

CI,.'j JilIII

&.I.mD1t~;.leR~ C

,~. ~ Ii'ioosom.. -'I 11,,4'

~OO'III, ,,.,t,1',Ur

E!i~.Dmi'~!

b.

R..:tr~u' It til
'RJ! tiku:

,nufoplt1S11711 (RE

bermuera
,.1

um en daplesma d'i inti ael,

'yaitu s bu'k m,l"'b erben m't b enang ... enatlg 'yang b

DLkene&], dua'~ enis :re ~ilItu: fJuJ'mendop lesme, yaitu:

Re ~.~' lum '.u

end,cp~mma :gran:u le:r (I e'i:i.k,u:! 'urn, endoplesma :kas,af'). :RB kMar tamn:pak kasar kau-ena l'~bIDsDln 'Dl1enC!njDID, ,eU permukaan ~si'opla5mik fn embtam:1. Retikulurn end!Crplas,ma agr,anule r (r ebk 'U him mnd oplas rna halus), 'RB halns dib er:i.nama dsmik :~an,kar ena permukaan s :~.tC'J:p:~.as'm_anya h.dlc."1k tn,empunyai :t~ib 0111 .. CiS 'F'unBS'i:retik~~,h_nnandoplesma adalah. sa ba,~i alat 'fu:~an.'s:plf]:r tes :~, za.'~-,za:t di. druan BJ e~, i(u, s eft d,.i;r.i Sb"ukau·' :rl1rtiktt~u:m, fu\,do:plas:ma, hMya dap~,Ir.diUhat de:nlgan ",ik:f ask op :1lak ,tt nn.

I.

FlU fiJ ~i~iIIH!n:a1

2Ol)ImtI

a' o

B,icec/o i S~, AI , A Kefas

c:

~Vlltoko~~rI Nl.! POU;I na

'IOUS:

Slti-:-u·I'·h.urmi nkundria berbentuk 'se.pe'!" i ce ltfFLt in'~i! :mem,p'Utn,yai, dua : 1b1:p!iS e:mbran. :l~, is mil. dalmnnya b ,e.n-lle,tu,k=:]!(!,k,'tlk dan d·nltainal:.an kn« ttl'. m n'il!j,'i"~l' ,~,:~l.~""n '~il"!il"!l'LI~ ~ 1b r' ~!LIIl,!l!J&.~ la::r-ll~J
~.l:1 JI

tL

ILIU'~L.II1

••••

fllail e~. in,i a,dalah. s @ b~gai P eft gbE i] darn p@n.yifn,pan 1 ~nzir.n penrrlel~nam1 selulef'- C'@n'tohnya, e'nzim ID:m.o~im yan:g' 'ble:r'_~~n'85i n'hIlt ... u menGhancurkan s',,-ut.'nlf sel, m,js,ainya, dmdingsle~t
ICl

n1 F'un ~.i d M' i

LI.50StJ

gOJ g'ldfktIOEdJH~ Baden golgi . erd,iri dar i 1<an'rung membeen yan:g' pip ih (5 is ~be~'l1 yan:I' e) mun:pai s,ebagai tumpuken pita Kediua,permukaan tum,pu:km membran .p:~p:ih

Bnrin)1 gol g~ apnrotus

(sis,t~rne') disebut :se'ba,g~~i rnuka cis dan, muka teans. Pe:I"ll.abk,an, g~{tt!:tbal" ll. 7. Muka 'cis 'be [[u'n gs i :slebagai penerima 'ves,iltula " -amrp,or da:t-'j~ Re::; sedangk.,ml, muk.a 'lIm~ans 'b!:r,fu:n gsi~, 11.~n,gir 'Vl~S 1 irn, ·ik'ula, 'trarls:p or'. Ves :i:uJa ,Itt~ nsP'OI," adalan a ben tuk 'rr.',Wl~!)fle:r d_at'i p,r (]h~ 'yart g d'mm, ~\r!:S'~ RE. Apool ila :F0 tie in, ,mi tidak in

dikeluar:tan oleh, 'badlan :gDl:gi., maka akan d.ts,ln1pan, eli da~anl e l 'se:bagai s Iiscsnm ,.,Baden,,' an ,m berhubuneen denaan ,f'un~: 1 meny,'o[r'~tr dan'mJena=,'r-im , ]. , , ,., - , iD'- Ci,"" 1" 0, '~.. .- ,'~ , " ,,~'!liJi, pi" nduk se 1. Ba,lk'1n, golSi b le'l~,peran,:p,~ntins: dalmn, sel-s el yMg ~SIE!uT.a,ai' tif ~~rl:iba:t dalam s ex r El's,i ,Organ E!~, :In.i ban,yak d~JUl'1r;n:pai pada ~\rgptn.hdl ub yan,,! r!1e 1_ak'sanakan fun:gs :~, ~tskr.l(!s ~ m'isah1y;a :r;njaj..
H • , H'

VesJiula
hR~'

da'll'RE:

cPeln1Je"tskan

_- 51""ula' lbam

,"y'lfa DaDS, (sltsJ' ",.~f.lrfim~ apaltaW5"oJII]1

Slb'uk w.r S IlHl.'h·'DS,lflm b,e:r.b@n1tttk b m too,Ryan.g 'b e~!~'['llfl,g?,i daltml, p,emb e lah --:.;:-1 s e :W, baik lnibJ:5,:ils ,mau,:pun me ios,:is,_ 'S en"tr 0511Jim, et'" tin,dmt 'S.lE! bagai. b artda :k;~I.'tu b b

5.Nltl"OSOIIl

sin IT,o

:ym,g me~.'tlp _~:m 'te;m:l~\a't ,111.!,1e.k,a1uya ujUl1(t be'nan,g Ie len dt]ln:g :patia ke dtL_ ku,'n.1.'b terse,btl ~- Sltf'uJ~'tur nli ,han:ya dap~!~, dilm.~t den~ m,enggul"lakarrll rrukr ~51k e lek tr on. op
bagian dm'i Soe'~, yan,g bisa ditemui pada al ga dan tumbuhen (k :m,:gdo m pla'Hlrn'~). P las tida dapad' dUiha dangan m,iktosk IIp cah~a b:iasa 'I[) enal t~:ga, j1en'm P las hela" 'yad'll:

PlfrsNdn

:P:I as hda berperan d~mn,

I

to tostn t~SIs, Ples tida a~Qh,

1;
!

1..;; "ikop'Jlfls
1 _ 1 __ l l 1.1 • ,1 ~. 1

'pj'~m bela ]- nis in'i b e!:l\V1larll a e ~e:r ir lJ, ,alas: d

I:

p' !. ....

u :iih b erfunss i s e b ~~ai

__ l l.l. .• I~~[ ~_~..~.

p.i2l1ynnp·. iattl
.' ~ . _ Jll

l•• '

'!.llEIkanan.
1
J ~ •

,.

'!Ii

;.~IDplasl"'ber.l,un~,~,untu'k mmymp~, anli]uIn. :B:1mop']m (ipidoplm)~, 'be,rfungs,l untuk ,m,enYlmpan h~mak./mlnyat.

:Pr c),e! op,las,~ Ell'fun,BS iun:ttlt mf!flYlDlPart pro min.. 'b

2)

,K.;~tJ,'~gpltlis :KlIDJi[rlopl~

menghaiHk,~-,

~~da1 plmh,d-~ h,erwarfla, :hij.~\L :P'l~Hda :m,:~, bIEn~,_ ~I'_ u'n,'g5i, ,k,lor.o.:fildarrt '5eb., 'Ie~pai~ be:~1m,gst1n.:gn:ya,:f:IUJlkJsn-, h~s"m. ,

1.0
3)
,
.

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

K ~lO~',fOp'tI1S

:KE'c1m,C!p: _~, m!E!ru:pman p,:ffiEm yang .1n,enpmndlung tida

:KaI'ot!l:!:n (ktn1ing). F' ik os:~an,:U1 (bllrU).

pig1:lIU!n,

In.isalnya:

:F' ik osantin (cok e~at). I :F'ik 0 e~r:~.!lr (n1.e:f m)_, in

~1

B da i ...:I,~ - d'~~L, h~ 'le~"'L'enttu ::='H1!!'cerura, __ t~. ,en:__21 1nl.;;.~aJ::__l,_:~!ua't' dengPll rmkrnskop Labay-a., b,jasa. 'S'lelapu~pernbatas ,mltara vekunla de'n:gpn s itopl asma dis eb u "to'Uoplas,. Vak u ola 'beris,~_
~~_t.

Vl1h-uoin r(J1!ggl1 5:1 :BE,bel'apa ,ahH,tid~

:menl~'-'~,-,1, sle'_:c_U~lrungs: an, h _1.

mJB'mmsuk't:!m1, vaku,ola,
b -

sle'ba,gm, Irll"gmtl!,:~
-':,il:'

'511!l

kerena

~!If'8Jf.in,-'~~. ~~ !O""""" - - - -

~.~

Iio I!.!I- I~j'="""'"

11f'I(f1~1f'iI:,::'L..

I!.r!..

'.
'. •

gl.:ik os ida
'tanm (zat ,p'enYamlak) m in:yak e ter' is (m.:wS\,alnY,B, jn IStU iJ1':J.' pada me lati, J"Os.,~;I ~'l p,;ada 'ma~r.ar~ z j",g',I~b.i'rins pada jahe) aak alnid (misalnya kaf~indl' II inin, nik otsn Hk op@'~, :sm~,dan la:in~1;;.1in) mzim

'.

bu ~mr-'bu, pati :till" P,·..l~· __c_1E!_c.: ... - ..'. speSltetS ,~·El~ b.-b iE'r~a '.,,- -' -..
no
1

·d·',·!'I..,

. -,' _ .llfi;"eJ'1~

~I----rc-"'" a~ya

,_t .." :--.' V~UO,_~ . k @..nu~ __ ,.-b.-'L,r't..,j.... ~tm1, '. _'IJ..., . _,_,l V~UID~'

'1-

n. k l~n,tr,N:;,tH"
:Vllkrotl,dl""l'us.

:Mikro lu'bu: ius b 121"b en tuik be:nang sUindr'is dan, kaku, r',-:ik,:rD itu'bulus b e'l'fun.:, 'U'ntu'i' Inempdel'''~Bttk'1l-,kan ben tuk s el dan s e~bap ran pas e t ICCtn 'hlin cr:gane:l ini an'tar,a, limn b enang-benang :ge:,en dnng pemb elaban. SIe! Jain ~:ru rrukr []I ru bu Ius b er OUna, dalarn pernb en rukan s m, h" 10' I.\! ,0a,B/E! la, dan 'S ilia
j

,VI,i.J'onirHn

",'U

s'epl!:l''' ;~:m'I:::l1" ru,bll:lLltl5~, Im'tap.! le b ill IE! bu t 'T'e\t'"'blien bJ.l1;. dmi [!II m k Cl,mp Oft en 'U.l tarnatlya 'yaitll pf" [ll te in at tin d_arl mios in, (5\ e:pIsn:- ti p'ada, 1[11o '~)~ t M :ikrlc! fiLlarn, en b elp e:ran daJarn, :Pe.r. ge'l ,ak.an SJ ii~,
'M: ikl' D filamen
i

k.

hilda, j' Hi I' HJ. ,Pen"(j,:ts,::is iJlm uk L'[t',annya

,II!,

P.. trokstsom

:S,aDla1, :5E! p er

h Iis 05

DU'L

10,1'

gao 12: :~ni s e:o "lIt t.i~~i. 1

enzim, f),bias,SI dmll

bel,'~-_,o5imid1en:p1, organ;!l :lail1, ICk"""Ul, b,m'lyak, :mle:n.~d'Ut\,~" 1', 'f (b~L d-' . d- =,1=_~ 5Ie,-se:,w,-al.~11- '~Ih- to) Iti""O'r.-O',h'I]'$,J I _::_a11y~~-,~'Hl1,P' _it1-~.It
DI-

Maeam ... M,ae .

,~,1

yanu:

S,ed ad! dlUa mac'am

~ $Ielpro'an. Ilk ~ Be I II!J -arhl tk

JI··~~

1l"'!:Ii"Ii'!t..", til

- 521

5 el eukar iCI jk ,me:mnd,i,k,:mJeJlnbr:nl ,nuk ~eU's 1~_'!U1:S is 'refl1lfl,ldllmem,b,I' i ,C-trl5lL eu~n:a;o ,'::'!-, ,_~_~, Se'gagall~ln ~u,_• • '-]" 'iL'" ~~ ~ ,.J _:I_'~" , , ,ilL, " t",,-.,~'I\.. 't,. -'_'

_':::1,. irl',· C

'g'all'-art 81--- di dal-~i -- '-~~ Elill

II

Si,l-nin im,ma dan :n,uk Ie Dplmma h~,rp,=:isah. r

II

"_

I"

..

b_,

'-',11-'. _

__ ~

JL

I~l

''1:,..,."" ,~ .. ,1..1.. ~

'-

M~

'-'!§'-;'

i IlD!m--=-,[]'u"nU-Sj,t

-,r -~, L:;'~

r ib ns um, dan, :t lair [Dr~: '~- - P '~ck',h;t:n1b-uhm-'

-, ,o~~m1 :g!'11 _ :;'N' 'A- )' - ,-, --, --."'~ _- ',II!-",", :~~~" ~'-Cs"ep'lf,:u- _l ph~
.~ , J

nii"'~FI 'i§ ,w, __:.'~,i""- ",,",[I; --t'; 10-"'- -iO"",;il '~'-' - ~ I~",",,; - ,uI ..,~"" '-• ""'if ,_, ~, ,jj..;:i\r."t~1~I , "~ '_' D, ~l iI9!'EII iBli!iO Ufi ,i"lI!-tFlik- Aii9i 1;;..1lJI,- ~ 'f ~ ~ ~ ~!I!,,~,!I..!'~- 10""-'.. --~

s-

1m 'm-~I_,

'm~' -

IEi,A ~ I~!!!, l!i,y..... _I;;;~_,~ ,

AP-

~'m- - ,-,
- _-

~''''''b.,_

,-

(0'

.j~, -

,1.,-

_c,

le-rS,M-S,U_,_ S1JU-rn S~U1:g ,me,L~,h

',-,

,- , ,-,

- _-, " ~_1

--'~~_-- ,,-- - ,-'iii,"111,',1;-

(dDu'b"- e h!elm.x:).

1.2
'-I',a "Ii11~ ._'11,
"'"

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

. P',Iel,. .:Ii.. ill',:a:8. -. uIIB! .' .

!ilI1'., U I

~, . -kt -, ._'del .·'I'li ·-er ·S····~

-

iO-"'1

ar' - .. .' I.. , ." ·1'!'aO,I:5JIlL .. Ie ''0, 10,al'10 Jr

-'t

.JII " - 'iEi!', - 'iiI .. ,.. ," .u Ig,·a'D,.E! U,K"U:UiIi'

Otl. .ateJiB lipan'

5cl

. ..

,pyo k liri.c-[
tim leo·~.d.

E 'ldtl!3iO t
. ...

T'~Q

:mem1br,an/:sel~u_

diR·bt.l't

'5el~u't ~nH m~ dj;s;ebu,t· .it'l'U seI (:n.l;it Ie'lIm)

-.

P'entf,rup sel

gel~p~. kapsul (fi!.!\np be:f"'bed.Q. de ngp,n dindinrg :pM,~ ·~U,fil.'b~-,.)

~~m.

D"'b,'Omm, ~"':~, .. :0,.' A.(b~ pn)

:[8I~:I'b en

,Ma (pada ,~ikPp]~m~,dan,

,1('@:'I]-

Wun:\.
..,...L.~'L
I.I[~

i&ndC!p'~asfilI'Ul~
CII= ....' ~.'"._'111

·.ut ~~n.

lliE~"1"UlOl iW" f

,,~E'I.-lJ1j!£'.&

~';c;-",LID

1t,1

!I;;._~,

1~~.~LL~

df1Jn~m1. si; n'p],~mQ

~~~!9

,mitoiQoot;~~ den, :k lol oplns: (pacla

c

mtd.~p ·pade. :mti,f w'

~.'b~)

(drfulb:e helix)

A,da, duet meeam :5e l'euk,ar:~!o 'yan:G' DiU! m:plUlyai, ma'fel'i 'plenYU;SUR I'e:latif tm berbada, yaUu 51! 1heV'1EUl dan, s el 'rum:buhan. :3 h'"ukhu~dasar '9·e 1tumbuhan dan s el hl2¥m11 adaleh sama, Te ,tap i se: , 'h,;,lm:b.uhan dan sal h,e _.an, ·mem]i~'D;:.i dikit I se p,el b ed"'1.l(l yan,g' dikatf!'l1ak.,a.1. :pel"'b adaan k sbu tuhan, d:~an,'tat"a k 0'duanya Bleb e:rap a. :p,eli:bed_~an an ~ar.,a. '~ain pada tLtm.'buhan tel"'Mpa.'t. du~d.ing sell 'vatU.fi:~' alan. :p!llas .I.da~ seaal1!k:oo :pada. ·sle~ ..he'V\1OO hdak d.'ljumpm_ Pada sel he~Jel1 ..~!l' dapat·t· s enb' i(}I:~,cL,~. lis ns om, n_
1)1

S~~l iP.flnbuiuUl

r:U12ding' ,s;1
:Dind~ng !lle:~hp'is dan ber lap is- lapIS,. Lap man, dasar yan,g terben 'ltdt pada :s,&"'itpe,mbellahc."(O, sal h~ru,'~,ada1ah, pa ':t~ za:fyangm!l!mbua ap·"'agat· .m.e:n'Ben tal. La~:t!JS in dah, 'yan g :mel. ~:I:.. att an 5el- sel 'YaEl,,!' b e.r'd.'ek.a:~an. an . S,e'~e~ah, .pl2:lnbelahan, 's,:et s@tiap sel baru :mml;"n~ben'tuk dmd'bl,g dalarn 'dmi. serat S eIll, sa Dirt din.s iru tIE! tOile ra:n B 'S te lama se1 'tu mbuh S Ei'f ta m ell' adi n
.I~

te bat

~"1R

k.ak.ll :5 e 't,elah ihlurlbt~h,m1Ide~T.a&a

2;

1!:al~tI,,,ll

Vak'urcla atmI 1" ongga. S Iel ,au:t~mh:suaru rlcl1:gga a:_au kan tun g b e[.is.icairan yallig dik.e U.l~l1:gi ICI:~.elh mernbran, Pada .S,IE! '~t1mb :~. uhan, khusl'lsinya pada 'S'le 1 parenk.,m, dan :kI(]I. snkim dewasa me.mi :ik i vakun la 'tefl,gFih be ro'l Ul\,OOl, 'blesar' yan,g d,ik e In ~B1 a leh l'l1,emb~,an t(Ut!',oplft s,
·~'·un· ~ ,- v'.-·'~"Iii 'iiI ,lr -"I!!:!I~"
~'lI.!!i,IU
<j

..

'
1

JiI.·dl~~y~ 'tf'\'I~m-iIi"iIlll!"ii'n ~ili"ill +D~·~~n 'm' I!"ii'm'bii"!ll-~"IL 1l.. l~ ,U , 'ni~' I!"iim" ,r- Jllti I~l r :yan:R rnenarik :pada 'b1i;Ul,~ pu[:,uk aemtnjl' den bueh
l~·.· _ ~

:Mem,a5;u:ktan, air m ela]1uj .:on~pl:lm u:n:hik :rne,mbangun ttugor

I. ': ~4 .. _I.JI.!
tII'~1 I. I

:51121..
I ~

~y

11.1,

~ ,._~

J~l

II

I.

~!IaI

~i"'ii

lIEiII:'ii..Ll.!lJ

,i'n ~!ii"'il .--: 'i~Wn~ lI.c;~, Vr~~

~l

1I"'1i!'!L- ...... _1i"i t!i-.~Jl ~U.!

RdkfJlum
I!rJilfopllamlk'

halUS

3)

Pln.s,t~dli

'pj'~m,tida. me~~u:pa1tan Qirganrel yan,g' :hanya, dim,no;u.dt,an pada sal fumbuhan 'bel~"ju,:pa, utie-butir yan,g :m,(!n~:dung' h 'pi8Il1i1i!'ll _"~auza;; '·.···/afn.. Psm,hda d(ap ::;t dib e dak an 1"tlen.'.'rl;dj.~, 'yaitu: 3~
,I)

,L;,~:1. upltls k

L euk o:p,.las, a~]ah

.'e l-.;L, '!!j;'l ~. iIl!!;. ~ .. '" ~~. ..~ e 11~; ~::y; ~
H'

P las Nda:'1' n g'l~U!l~l_na :pu. ,tih ~ I .ll tidc* b e:~,~-na

~I t'\ll ~i('
~ ..JI-H; ~.U I~

U'mulnnya :~Je;uk:C:p'l~'tel"d~at pacta

m' 'g,~.u '~~y:li, iii._
,I!!,'

b e'ill't]'...:..l u;~ m.'~ _:_,'

-"Ii
'!']Ii,

Ql'gml U ,j:;"".,"i.. 'I .1 ~~Iy~

""1;

:J",.I

m i"rIiy';'m' n:=ili"t "'!:'Iid'I~,~n II>~ i_,~:~ ~,

JI!;';!!,

b.t:mbuhan
19

yamg tidak,
!!!..~ ~,~, ~~,.......; '"

makanan. Boler'dlasarkan f'm~,m'u~ '~eutl)n'as dmedakan men. J. t:J 'itT 'J'" . ,r' _. .., - ... "ad, 't'.,,~ ,il, - .. ., .:a:,~_", macam. :ya~'n:l: A.I~IIil.o",ia S Val, ru, Ie Ulk o plas yart g' be rfu n I!S i m emb en tuk dam menyimp8l1. amtlum EJniO;p'I{:J;sJ' ym tu leuk ClI,pW, van g b ,E!;l'fun~ i ttn:w't rnernben am dan, 'm!£! nyinlp,e.;n lem.aik;,.
. . _. . Iti I,
j

I~

Pi"{Jlf.:apllas" b~ ,KloJ1(Jp/,~ls

:yw'w lEul:oplm yang be:rfWl:gsi menympan,

pr.11)·~n1

'K,lcl"():p las a,dahOO, 'b end'a, b~ll"'1bes at"

da~mrns iI,OP ,~.as,fl,as Ie 1tum,buhml.

1.4,
K,hn':'Dp:1sl banyak terdapat pada daun dan, a
• • • I. J •• _I

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

IDf gml,

turnbuhan

laIC,

:y~,g ber,vrarna hijau, Klnrnplas yan:g' bel'k"e,mbang dalam sel d\au'n dw"'t ba'tml B' J;- ~.\t:I!. ~~na t~1f1I'~' 'b 'h i'i aLi '01 en'~n QU'D '0 p., ~ en van JD b e:nA1e!n,a Clr m'"n Or' 'J~ -. h'~jmJL ~dtau :tJIIJ[f.'O fit 1(" or 0 fill 'blietfLln~. 'mmY'et,ap rene~':B:i Maya:mat2lha"'i. ~ c untuk ·mei~.a:nBSu,ngkan. p~OSd(!:S,fiIltos, int\2~ m, dan n1.ren'8Ub~ya :m'm';'adi en er:Ri k.:iolw.a,da.'~rul1, b en.'w:k :gJ~uk,;osa,K [or cplas ITuempe rbmymk diri 'm""' ....1F"~·:~lifi Id.·~ a dat' ~ 'D,IDm' ,U ,W~U:I'€:u '1"'la'~.t::i!"F~n It1· c. 01 d'C.w, C,liirillli, ~ .", om· - ';Iia .~U:~.IK ILl! IU ~ 'KJ,'(lflo:fil d:~b dakan menj,ad i'I:] lel"n-,a:afl~'l-~'"1:anlJ! 2lI'la-....Q, llmn.: e i!.., -1 • 'Mill h·' bi .., '~"_oro £'1- a.nle~natnp'~.~M '~=L ~l1a,._ ,_:llml ~.tfu .klo1"'ofil b mlefl.~pl.~1k.an ~iarna h ijau k u:ning" '11..,'I "'1. 'l'iL" -h·:~lm..t k m'~.r .~,!loren,=L e, Ine:nampll,~.at1 '¥.mrna,.~_ . Cl@_ e 'I_I!..
t;:~
I I I J I I I J. -

I~

1M!

1:1-

'.

19i"""'1~!5Ii1lA

I~,

,G,

,,1...::1

1::.6, L

'~"!"~I

U;,,mi,

~"'=iI£>IU

IE!iJr'~'fi',~' ]b···I'D,'lb.I~~ &!II. G

c.

.~,

,i[""~'"

IS

'Ii.

~,n~

.::P. 11;..

'V'I10, 'D.pta!! 'n r,... .

d, , ' ILemmJE!.m br.'·" ,'yang' . ,emlUe:rrrl~~ ..'b 'IL. :c.... .. L .·'liS'lts:u,'n Clle h s:m iii. . ~m', ',I,g= kan tu:ng :pl:~,pmyang disebut ti]altlJid 'T-'lak aid tersebu 'tle,rs'U~furn belt''tumpuk 'yallg m!e:mbenb.d, s truk 'rul" ')7:an, g' dise bu f9 ana (tu;n,B'gat
I

lii.,!l."

'iL.'1Dr"""f~1 '~ ~~li&~~'!1..· . ~.g;.,i;,y.if'~~,~!il~. d 1 1.11,_.,mo::li-"'!i'~p~'Ul..'_

'-I!!.;!!.

~J.~_~

l-,i;;~'ii mersh :iI!~~ _. '~'!!'-,e.:j!I.r

,a.. ." l).'" '.. gtat1,um. c·'·:·" m.~d ':i l'-- : t·~1_1\.. ':1 d ,d~ ,····;b, U t S,nro· ome, , ..,en,gan 'd':" ;L ,:" I ·.·an . ') uar . EJ~O,~,. . lse.· ". .emm,ran d i, clalam :k.lorD~pIDas, 'ter dapa:t dua n"u,an,gan yai iu, :ruang' UIal(; ,D id dan, s 'trema, ]?~~, atikan D9'm:nl1.at~,1.lC:~ h 1107'"'-'-'·
.,' -". - '1-' " )
j'

c'

lGa;w'I'· '&' J

'. 1,1, if tJmi'1Q& ..1'0

,1C:.'rOT:110plfJ':s

Krumep " las ·~d-la·'~l-'L y,=,"iif"Ii'D" "'U~ ~.],-:l!;"I!;,l!;i ~ ~iJ ._~~,~ n'~~· '~da U~"',g ::I!;;_ .r'iI1~ '~:_'" J',r;;~ ,=;' mernberiken nner U\",",.Y'Iii-'~~-" 'Ii'''j:~ij!!n~ e~,I~,It:::i!1khas .~ .~ 'b·· mas1n:g-.n1aSUl,g iIioo,~'-'b 'h . . 'i!.,.. .a;gt !,~,i, ··U.,.M. "P b !!'·····aan ~1afna.pa~~..:al._ ,~rDmop· 1 ,\··e~r.·· d as

dise 10 abkan D leh P erb m cL.~1, P :igtJl,en yan IS ,cHkandru:.tD ~'1ya.~ :J ign1IEU1~' l' p,i8',w ten te['sl~·hu.'tan,~'l1t'a,:I' .'~·l: ktutt.f~,H", menimhulken ~m1"na,merah k e'itl.1l1ln,gan,. :mmalnya pada
l

'Vlmrte],

'

l"t'urtojU,men'unibuJlkan '~la!l~na , kurungpada deun 'yang sudah tua .'In,si~'I~in! smheriken lat"na'tutu pada ~Bgang m .',iD,~(J'nlf:lllf m:emb erikm ~l'l~, ~ co:t e1a1 :pada, gatl mans . JD';Jr"ib'in :mlem.be:rikat1 ·YJat·:namlel"2il, 'pacta :~~~U1,g
Ji

,~.s

-P'

ITaj'u ID~,oowk menlPn~

mel·,~_-_.
8abnn

:5\ ,tl'uk'tUI· s,le 1. pide.rmis, e

pada b ~_~_~~ __ ,g'

-'f,a't dlf 1,. 2.

'f,

M ikl"'olk. 01'
K,elii:: pre:p',H al: a

3. I(,;u;: p ell u,tu,p a , _ lamm bedJah

5. Kertas pe ,.,gis:a.,p
PU!) G"B't

,6
...

l'_ PI p'et t ete s'

,8.
9.

B~,wan\1merah Yo dium I'D e't~diR-'

,lup,abt Kluj it
1. 2.
''_
_

Bua,t1ah te,lomp'D 'yan:g terdiri dar] lima, DI"'an~ Kupm :llapdiSOO epld~fm'is yai'ru. ,S ifLUl,g ,datI b~~,g :mi:!:t~M, InJ(!!nrmun,m:,an p lS3U dan 'pin_se'~! :H'ab~ha i. 'mI!8RRUnakan,
l

3'pO

4.
., 5

'0.
...

pisau~ Letakk.an di ailttm kaea p.r,e:ptmr,a.t '~ej'tas:~,de·n~pl ,1eti!b~'S! ,air,,. § ttl tu;p d!E!l:n'F' .kaba p,enu M.p ~ Cu' Wt}m1. j, -_ ~Uln be:dan -gar tidak .irn.bu.l gelel11,bung ue __ _ 'P Jd~_pre:pmrat~ -:__. Pel'h ~dikan se IDle'pliderme! dem~, 'bmfllf wan mit r'l~ sk Dpl 'bd'lii n :CF'--4'!' ,~:~, _ m- pAk- -.m--_]g~ •I L,. ~Ir. !t:J'","''''''' -,~~, .:..__~J: ~if1II Tie !!'skan s,e~ebes :im u tan, yod;ouln 'U'ntuk mey~na:d .. sel de ,I,F" mennunakan, ~eknik :pl~n'pan. Oanlb &mt be1"i '¥i~-na bap:m:==ib agman 51! ls ep f!rt- d'indm,g s,~t membren sel, 's,dDplm~ no' "let~SI" an vakuola sell d Di s:ku srkaa p.e:t :a,l'lfJ a an, -:p ef~'an,y'aaD b eriku I' d 'D,8'a:o kel Gmp ok '~aliall. I
iC' alF"'~_"!!iIi
... l~~ ~ _

e -. ~_

~_iii"Ii,

D' FIi _ly(_,...:.~, ,'1!!;iI!

~--,.

'elt-lUllY am--.. 1._ 2.

Bagai1ll3nU.M ben tu.k,

aM

~latna. siel

'e.,p':idel"m:ls 'b_-~ ,1811g

In.e'~,'-:.'. yan.g S'I~dm1.:g' kmim om' _~ti?' Otr:g~el. .~._".3SJ-- yW1,lg ,cmpa.t di _,~. .. ada sem e:p.-.dIL-mis, ,ti p .. a'~ perceb .. ..' m:i', b -'~ ...:._.~"I-~.L '_
~ !r~.I~al l~'

in"rIi Cfl1" _-, ~"~ l~~~,

~ ~

"ir_ b~

~~~

__ •

3.

Te D1aS,1J.l.k s (!~ h1.dj P ant

:5 Ii! I matitah

s e l-se' 'Eerslebu t?

1.6

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

Ael:lftulum IsrutOlfs.lmlfit

I~&.r

.Memlran
pJaams,
lRerflfull·fn',eJUto.plSsmnr

~'I·.
I ,--' J Sa.InIJ

.,," 1.
. . ; -!

n. S.~.I~
'.. '..
." ,".. .

~W;!'l, ..

--

. t

dengan s,e.,'-[ru b 1. d-- __ . II,m,1L11an.""s,le 1-' h- e~,mnl idek m1em,punyru - '01,- di mg __ __ 5 el. Pro to_plasma, ban,ya, dil ind!jL~llgi 'D,~)ldl,S,II! :m.pu t y.et1t! :pm sehm gsa be'flt'w'k, s'e'ln~af'e]a:~]f: bdak '~e tap, Ada beb erapa sel h,I!'Vlml,yangs e'1nya dd,indMng~,In le'h C:aIl !kang y,ang '1" UIaJU: dan k er,aiS lrnfusa~ln:ya .. pads ,E~(8Jl fn cEm\lJ, Rn'd to,iQ"~~:f~t U ola ~ Vak pacta h~tm1 '~lmu'nurnya 'b19.t'fl.:U: uran :kec:f~
',_ell!_ da8' b-'
. " • ._ '. J '

I'

..

'.

.!

'.,

.-'

t-

(-

'"f

",

",

'

'1 (

',,'j

. ·,,~e9.;~tarf 't.2~.·. -",

..

..

Ta.j'1l.Il,mll ~ un tu k. ,men genaJ. :;'k u,k.'ru:r

e 1. n1uk

D5J8,

Piip i. P ada

~u:sia
""U,Q't dJaJ] Ba'hQll,

1.
"9i'

....

M~~krosk,o~PI,. p~,e,para!t'~ '-I?"8Jca kacl, :p1es'Ll'rnp ,!L Jam m ,P !!D'tJI l ,~t Pi:p e ~ 'I ete s LMU,' '~, m e'til,e bsru 5
"
1

.,1 _.,~

Ci'JltW'I'

""Id/p emil e.r5:m te~:lu-,!p

,~'l

,tm,lklh K,uj,a,
.1.

2'

k,elDmplo't; :YMg' 'ttrdu·:i_ dari 5 Q:r,m,~ K,OFIe-k: .~~~ 'b~ian. dIahvn pipi sRled, Sa-'U te'man ,keiOlTtp,ok
Bu:=Jlm,

kaE~_~_, menggunBml

!GotftllJ'f

&Ut21 :kemu,·diM
;o

Dlesk,

...
3.

...

Te'teskan dua 'h~' SI laru ten.., me tU.en 'b,iru, ,di a:tam a lres,an e ~9ttfj'l &nd, in.:l'rup deniPl k~ap'enutup[ ,f~ .h-nati Idenpll 'baniuan mikrDskD,p~

k ,'-a pirepai1"iSd~ Ha'tt.~ha' U:Sailak:M '·lan,~p1,St" p_ aaccrJon bud ~er'Hn!. pada k~__:a pl'e,pl__ -,eJl,t~

di,~ta;, 'mp i kap' ,

oc_

5.

DI is llf.u!tll kaa :p e'~~ally' ,8 an-p er kelompo~rml u !

BagaimanJa
arna:h?'

'3J Drya a til,

b eri k u 't d , '.11"g: ,aJ:o

'Pert' -~y Ian

_

~H!n·w_k. dan

:rnJ.5U,11Wl.

's,eI

p:Ipi yan,:g kmHan

S!~ pJ,:pl

2~

Dapa k,ah_ :tamman mengamati

:n:u: leus c
:1~t1'

pada

percobaan t~_fs,e;buf' 3~ Bapirnana 'oln'tuk U'mtnn sal

f~ Gambal' dan 'hJ'imkanb~~~,:sml

y;an,g :sedanm'kaJ'man
r

arna ~ m1salmLya mem'br'al set sitop~asma;; :pr'omp'~'ma;.

5.

dan ,n:u't; ,~}e·us! Jel:~mkan,pliU'S~

b~1B11,g den,~.

dan 'perbe.ldaar.\ yang' ~e'~d.pat'pilaasE!,l ,

sal m'W:.ooQpipi
iil:!i.,",";~ r'I!"I! -, - ~ 'iil.. ,,,,,,".'~I-,,-, ,;j."J'ieJ, ,.I 'l'UUlumfl"iIiIIll,
I.,

16. T ,mD19 , .... .... ,11

'c£"

W,'

,ei'

:.'b.lie'Ir.lllaan,. .0.t-·,,iI!f!1iI-, -··- A ,- ..-., - ,A' -. - .. '.

d .an 'S·.",,','1 'U' -- ,-,- :- ·'m, ..Ii:-.Il'ew,aD,

5eru, h"mr,t D-1!:.lhD!n :We tim 'b e g.eu;

'~'el hewan le~'b teen ib

"'"'~ d- t'!i ~~I,'1I"Ii. ~'~.r~~

~~-. :~'l!IiiW.il'!i!i""i< ~,IL~ - eI;B;~!h,

cbbiJ:(Jma:se~, ';~b'uhan.
"f"

.I:,lu'~

"~II_"'" ~a .... -1.,

t· '~SQm

,Ad t}, ('untuk pen.ce I~,

~Iur!l,&~

H:Ct\lrQ

pinosimsi,slfogo~i'm~S'}I

'Tid!~ me:ntpuclli;ym,

'vc.t:u.olu,wdauputl
rerlad,w'lf;; 'be'ber&pa ~e].he w:~ ·~5elt.t1e:r ml~:ln:ilu:i 'v~'uo.~~ Y~G
be ntk
l;tr.'~;

:k,el~i'~, 'bw:k

'f M,a.

Sf!:1:muda, mt11..1pr\ill(l,

~l

de WM DJ,

1.8

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

!")

,R.~'M'1Utm,mt1. e_ndclll~~9, k~

SimlLl~t=i:si;!Jt1!Jef.n h:a:an :JUDi'ein f

dOI1. Si~kl"fe siJ, :p,mTein,.

:pem'b~nbitGfi,v~'~l:,d tv.:~,p'n:r

4.

SHlJ~e:S!;sliJ?tid .., lne''hib Q,- ",snlJe 1,a1"bo,hicb'0,1 dan dertok~jfl1~~, :p~~itf't 5e'rn;~sel ]:l Vle:F t lne'nytm,p~, ion
C~ :pQ[in, :5lel
~;~i1]it

5.

M:'CddTlt~", 'pi! nytm:p rul s€!menh:wQ, h-'~c(1' :Inlu 1'CIl1lo1e'k ui, 'pe::~l\ e nl,\Liit,€U1, we sit'El 'b:"anspJQrf b
:M~l"'I.Cie:~,

b~

:~'~~'l

,d,W1.

'bal~

,~! H~~O~
hmlV~'
dQt\l

~€:fJtQ l"J]@':tli~ak

!D:F.f!,w:m:~

'1.
S,'

M'itoo'bo eli,
':Ik·, , -,-' ,V'... UIlJI, ,fl, ,rt_u:,,",

Bel':be.;ai

:OiiHru:;QUt 'p1'DSE'S:
'~lm

IJe mec,~,

f;n~Ol,"J8spil'~~,~, ldtmtt

ses bin 1:inrti8, lm.nn:yn

Se,]? e:t"lti liWlim;Dlj :mJ!Ul:l:~:f'f'D, ,mat~,

poo,~ 'vDkuolCl", me nyim:p'ru:l, ' ; ok.~

I

mem pe!rhieSlm" sel

K]f)mp~as (barnbiL~,dan
b f'b !2l:ropa. Pt'otis.'ta)

Ie CfiV't!!:m,
(~,~)

fl'l1.e'lfgl.

Icmmya ,WE'l'",:' w:it

re1:nE

rtF k:i.n'!d4

I< of.lV'e:t:"Si e:ne,fgi,:k im~Ad&f1 m.ol m"tml :me nfmll

~::mnr~i, k,:i~1"rL'i9. AlP

,5i'tD~\keleton, ('m:rnlmUk

:M: engatur /me ni~:gQ,b e rnlt:Uk set 'r

I~

'm'l~\

pat
~I~'~'

mik

l"Oi~ubw,tt5:;;

,$il; l"o.lfdLUl"lE!tn ...cl,m:1 .!~la:mJ~'n :~nrel'n:l.e,fli~,)

:m!eJ,el,~tnY'6J.of!ru1el-O~G~1e:-~ :G~:~ak,~, r o do1lonl., sel, p.:rnim"it :~l

12

'Tai1.ukah kalian Hn'~'t~n 0--- di mana se:~,~"siw, hidup.? :Lil1',~'~u,~" s.'tlaiL:l rei ~5.~ ~If', . o~' ~e':~ selaE:!f:taDya, l~H:!,~,'u:pa ~'an, N aInW1" hat, ift]. ',i,~ 'tJe gill! 'te:L":~iha je 1m p _ da or gat, m:mJE! Of san,isme :mu ],tis,e mil.d,'!;!:r s epl(!,r pHilO, 0 ll, lam" manusja, S'! 1-s e 1 'pada ti.
I, ~

Dtp1'is,:mJe .11:lUtis e:b.d,e't 1

d.ik e: i :in gi, eaiean 'ym 1'g d:~dE!hu t, c~ir ~1. i.df~' ',a S e 1. (CB S).

il'iI
,-,.~

CBS nle~mil:ik1,'Iomp'onlen utanla a.v. CB'S DlenV1ediak.ml rno 112' a'tau. ion yan'l I,'U:~, d_i:p , luk an suaht :5 e 1.,CB 5 ju 8Fl :m:enrunptLmg' has :~m,atau ]itn,ball, :yang dihas dkan If,
~ ~'~I ~~'IWII

Lallll,i' bagainrtanakah, iCaI,"a,se :~, memperoleh molekul a' au ~Dn' 5 I!! ,ak-an mlelBku'k,,an, t:ranSfHJll~ m,obe'_'ut 'T';aJ!l s:P0 -' molekul dilak~.;d\an sel melalui membran se1'yan,~g' ~,~dat s @~let ,tu P e~:miab I~ 1 ,As. hnya,. membran s,le:~,dapat bs d']lelr'mti :mJa,l~k.'IU:n 't-er'h~n,tt_l S,19s'!';_l,ai y;an g chik ehen d~ my a Tl" ansp cu mO:!r! 'u, 1 pad"a S~:~, erjad~, arena ,a.dal1y.a, P erbadaan :t ons IHlU,as,i can an, an fm'"aruang t k di dalarn s!el dan oat' eair an eks ua 5 e:~.ini~_a11yang dis'E!:'bu t d:e'n~, :G,.a'a\t~tJ
I

.l"OI'~ nh Nsi. 5,;' mo ekul me'1a1t:drnembran 'ciapat tel"j a.d~, ecar,a, :pas:if ('Ir'ansp 01" s ,pas :d) dan dap'a:t ,pu]£1 terj adi se caea ak til ('b' aJ:lS:p ak tii). Tr aIru.'S,:P'IDf pas ~f Dr merupakettn transP01" yang tidek mernerlukan enml'g~,m@Uputi, dtfUS1,., difust :Q, fasHitasi~, dan usmcsis, Tl'ans,:pDll~ ak"if adaik"ih, tr.,ansPOI, :mQ:~a1ui.membran dmnrgan, melav!larl 'k'@ce;ndElrun'gpri a1am:il 'yaHu m~~,an :gr,adien kons e:n..' "asi dJe'n~ :Ime:n.:gsu:nakoo e:n,'9:f.':gi ,ATP_ Trm1Sp 01"' :rt'u!la],ui mambr -:l ~en'is lam. ada].ah, en,dositn:asis, dan, I!k.s,f]s,iws. ia. Tr
2U1;'SP 01"

nflern:punym. k !ec:e'l1e 1"un liPfl untut s,elalu be~~:~rak.kaf'!!n s n-'t8,n,gandung lenergi d It in,e tik _:DI~n,~-' demik,: m s lebar,~ ,d:Mn i 'ter tk'1p~t k"e~lm.d,el'un~~, lnglek:u']. :pada
k on'S en'tras 1. 'tinlg::i, h el.',ge [t' ~ :ke :k.I~(nslen b.:,as i 1"i911dah,.

'Pr'u-,'s :iP=':P1'"'U1;S dasat' 'trans:p Cit'" :m e :LaJ:u i memb r at1, adaL1il1 's@hap rno leku 1 ip n1e,miHk i kec ~nd,'r!:t."u'n ~ tmtuk :m,II!'lil.en1palti I' Um1:g' S\ ecar,a marata ,M0, !Eik'u 1, P _ 'k ens e.n ' "asi. Un:gBi :mRmi.Hk,i [\8ikananyatll,g :~.e'b. besae dan s e tiap mo 11~k 1 da ih, u

DiflrSI

,Difus, i a.at. dim' 'ik an. per,pindafioo ,~a. (p: ,ld~Lt llarU.tm1 :kmnsle:n.'tr,as,i It~ngg.n (hi:pe~,' bJrn,m) :ke larutan., d!en,p1
• il,:i:p'RJI b!n:is),

cair darn, gras) dari k nnsen b:'ilS i l"l~n,dah

t-'
'_c _,

D I!n @Jan ka,t, lmnr S,IE!: ,tiap za:t. «k an 'b lel'" ifu11, i .111,!'nU.f'LUli, gr:, dil!n d It.ons en'tras,inya :Hm i~d·__ d ifus i,adalah k ens len'ir, iyang' 5·_-~~,_a tm a Iaru '_ J .-:i _
-'-'C:

.ElI'S ebu ,t, dinarnak~anisotonis.

,Kecepa

-c-.

zat bsr d ifus i mlElJ,wu,i

:me,mibraft

:5le:~bdak

h,anya 'm:t~'~ tLU1,g

...:aJ . b yang tJ,I~ _'L, b _;_IBl"mU_c'(ml- 'D",-'~-~ ,-=-':,~tt'll keaclaaIll yan"g sama moleku 1keeil le b:m c::e,pa'f'berdifu5~, me lahJ :~, mernbren sel dar:~pada moleku l b es an" . ,M,D'~,e,k\d,-:mJo, ,ekul ym:8' 'bers,uat: :hiw:'trfchik dapat bel' gerak Iden:gml :m,u,dlah me l'alu :~, elnhrall d_a[':~pada :nnolrek u,,- mo ~ tu 1 hidro :1R]llik m e 0 leku:~ -mo :~,e:ltu 1 :yan:g bes,M dar, ~'O~,~-pa;~ b er:gerak :me,lwu i me mb r ttl,.
'~... '1,~leCl_
i ,_,. ' r

pad_-_ 8f,~d:iJUl :konsen'k,E,i ...bd~pi juga :p,ada bes,m, :m,tlatan~,d'-::_-l_ day'a, L-:-u,t dmIam, ,le~mak (h,pid)- .M: e:mb,r,an,. sel :k'ur,ang :~~Mer.m,e_b,e':~e~r'hal~p ion.- ien (l\fa~~ t
'~l.., C 1- ,~.:_, d ~l!.. d- • '11.., ~~!engan,mlll,1- e~'U 1_,-~ v~) _::_:~J~a1.i~Jlng~,a1.1. ,..11 :

ll, FI151 D ifu.s,i b!'f_,as ilJ,l'[as,ime Hba:(kan dif'us i dar ime

Difus; t ;If,,..-

lekul :p 0 l!.b~'dail illn me lreYmti

me'm'bran dtngan, 'baL wan, pr C!J te In transpor. P:ro'tein transpor :merupal{an

,20

B,icec/o i S~, AI , A Kefas

pro1te:in kh,'-s,us, ;I:act'S' me:nyediakan, s'uah:1 ,,-' ·a:tan bsik 'ba.g~ rneleku) yan:g · s eda.n g be i" g:erak:. 1~lI" te in. 'transp'Dl" ju 8Ft me r en tm1g~,an rnembr an s e Is e'h:in gsa 0 d.• ,~_'m.. ~I'!.."·' m ~£~, ..·, ~ilL., :~, ;I~,m' ~ 'P '1' LUI\;;. 'p'. L ~~I",..... ~n. m· L, . l'~iE'ii..'_'II ' D'~~u' :~ojj,pf,'~'~I'",t~,~ ~!L"PI ~ ,u;;.'!t<u, . llIi, u, .~ jl1,ozt'mI2l"'Upakan 'h"ansp,ot :pm if ,',ar'~na :hanya, melmp'ler.·c,~patpr'Ds es, dit:r.ILsi dan
~~r~""'~'! .11..1:, L~,:I., IL
",'

. . . _ .~~,

~i"i, ~ ~ 'ii ;; ~ I!.!I/WIi,ll!l.!ll."

Ii~,

II;.

't"i .IL i "'"' ~

,I,

~,I,

~iI' B' . ~~,

.:

Ii,

".

"i"'jj

'!;.!I

-If!., ,~, !i:O! ~

,I~~"

~,~

,11;,

:1

I',;:~~L ~,~,~

m'

~'~i ~,:I.

~1'I'iI....:...,,!-- '~i"',··;:n;..1 . '!i..il.IUI W:l, ~ W,1i,

Or:iIi·.... I.".1I~~i""'i1 tirldU:L~'im.li'

'1.., 1iii'!ii"iI'~:~I"", L1I'~,~ Au~, 1~II::JIi,IIo,U1j;_~:Ii~

OsrIlO!H5

atkan, b er DiP~mk dae i dae.~d, J ._ -,10 0"'.- - -- - 'tlrall 0" me~punyai :t:D,ns en asi mrutan rendah ke daer ah u:an liD m emp u ny'~a~- k O'[\'S !!'ntr\aS'1 lei!"~rtan 'hn D er-l D' ..1' " 1I.J D [:E! k anen osmos.e depat diu:k til" ,de:n:gan s. '-laJ,ru alar 'yan'G' dislebu.'f' I"S,'UOr.f::t~I·. ,An" akan 'beJ~":~'l'ak
51 l1.i i r'"" ''''"UI,-.I.. "". ,Ail"' .. - - J.'_ - - ~nb,"l' _ _ ..
I
I I I I I. I I ", ....: II' .. ~ .1 I.' • I • I. '

.r """~'~ O s:ml[1SISnerupasan

d' ,. .U'S:~ ,all]" me .~ c

iI .....1' '

~,QJ,U.l, '5 II! 1_ l(;pLt t

In
10sn'ul,is: f'I1trug~k,a 11 (rUS~ mi'r melalui 'se!l,a,pU't
5em:ipern1e8tb~~. Hal ini Iberarti ,a~la Zit ,'sng d a ~HlitIrll3JiruJ k k,e' st!1 Olan a dlaplIlJ a zat yair) Q 11d ak da ; ,at nn:asu k lke~ !U!J'I. C:arUalh "l1fOlim3Si daM mOlt-em et, 10 UkUlj :eta UI !S~rtalt kia blair 11einta ng :z'a~~·z,at

!.

~l

d.ru":idaerah d:~'nlgan t~km1m1 (j]ISimos:m rsndeh 'ke

daeur.an dJ!U16F1l tekartan osmcsjs
n' Id·,..". ,rr' ....
,C.ilI;.

m n•
l
dlUli,II. ,1Ij;

iIA UiEl,""il ill ili:: J;, L,C''b J........,

t-· J'. ~1[..'fi J.~,_,

b~
il'ii

LElil'i':""" ~
'G,iL,

.::ti!L,QCdI,

",""

lin IB'IC:'!;" ,n
Ii, ill

'f:mgBi
~iII,'iII'III"iI' 'I:..IL.~,

3e:. ak;,an
L

~:~"ii 1I:.1tl'~'

-Y501lRl1
•. ~,

Ii,

p;D

menlpunyai 'k 011.'5lEU, tr a5 i lat""u.tat,l Ie b il.ll tm:!sl. H:aI ';,!iFi ';1 rt·iEll[-1 ~'d· 'il., ',~; e,iI''I< aD: .... 'Slin, 'ilL. ~ ~III ~Ir ..m~':-.~. ~'n iOiga-.:~ ~ .. 'L. an:lrL, J B.a.. J.'-'_l~J El'__ :,c;. rG_iII:' .~, ,~.~

51"'

J. IL-~,

.-

~~ib'_ild.11j

ID,

.&.1.. I.

i5!1;i9;

Sleblllikny:a jika s:el b!!u',~da pada ,lingk.'UfllM, Ylaf},g ,hi-po to n.is (,t ens en ~f' ':~. 1"IEUl,dadl) :u:!,l ;ak,an biW1yak nle:nye'l'ap ,~j:l", kg~I&:!':rk' air' 'bet",1l51110S,jsl d&~" . :~:nLg~ungan k e d.alarn, 5,el. l*a 1 s~ 11 ebu '.. adL"'II1-'L sel tum'·I.U,ih ~'I _,_'.L ~ ,~;w:u.."'!iii'n .'b- . '~Ji, L, ':' aJi!U,~, s 1!1~""Q,
5oe] s13!eara
OSll1.1(Jsis,.
~.iI:!J'~

'~erse~ ~t.. k,emuld~lan ,ur sic a n pSll!la 'lIukD

_W g B5J!1 I<w nlQJuikIn I· a sUny a p ;a,d; gLJI~U

~I!;;.~;~

ilj.,rI'II;;;,!~ I'I,,""'.!I,-;OII'~'"

1,1,

!!;;; , ,I',

'.

~;il'li

_'L,

k;a~ian~

'er'adi t'tJ'kn~It:l'u f,fl~"go,~· p,ab ila dalam l!'ngkungan a hip'Dttlne. 5'mbaHk:nya ji ··,a, el tumbuhan berada s ..... ~'liF' .. .. ,lib, ..... ~'1 ... -'f . -, .u- ... 'I .. p~, -1 ..... 11'm:Ef'-:unPl - h ~,pe;r JDn:m ~ ~'l'a.I~'me:n:H~atTh:t' p~t1I'S,l'lU) 1~" . 'y:atltu t e;f,lle',pasny;a, ,I . ~. ·,t ....1_ ,S,~S ~ ~,'~I~I""""',; d .;oa~:""'g";j2;.~,'m ~ ~ ,WI :,~ ~ _U,IIUJ..l,t ~l'~.
~,1I("i
I-

:1

riIiI!

l..al1 - n hipe;LiCiJ1lk'

ltarut~ii'!\l'

lI'lpoermJI""

2,1

RID. eE1: MOlohe RoD lid Ho ,'ke (11636 - 1103'), ]1lin UWil1 ~ng'l ri 5 ,aln g 'te rke,na ~ (lien,gan te~li 1I131mjsf 'as. Lahif ,eli IPul,3U Wiglilt~ b'efaJaf eli OXfOI~'llt .'_'i;Jna,a,~piriilrH Robe.11 Bly'he :ahi~1'flslk'a !s,ebagai aIS'b~h!'nny'a"
m{!HllRiilarntl!Jrrya, 1i!l:alllm k(jn~n.wk'mnpomp;a air. TailullI11 6,112' .:!IlIa difJllJn~tI .se'bag2i kepa'la perner'tan Roy,al S~'ciely ,san p'a~dla 'wa~8fl [[)ll::i '~rpim~ s€!Jbag31 [P 31Mef Royal Sotfe,iy en 'tstmn 1663 dian dHUJ~ju se'nd,ri ole'~ Gre:shanl 911,11gle1omel" ri di OX'f'ord. Kontribusi' 'erbesar Hooke ad.a'!:ah nJm~san' 'te,or~c/:s'Sdcfii.Dia juga sa'ba,gal [pe opar

d.ala m i)len'Q;e:littwn mikwo'sk'DP ik'r dam me ngen::uJlI!c'okarl o bse erm a 9u.k p eH'~U!Mli 59 I tllfl'i.buh an. :aIm

IV asiny';a.

,.

T,..nu~:por

k'if

'P.ada, 'tr~'SpDI' ,a,k,'tif dipl£tt 1l1itan en~I'gi datl'I, dalarn Sl!:~, :n'll.:t'k me·~a~~1af.1, u BV ad:h!,n, k ens en ,tt m,i. Trarts po:r ~'~:-" san,:~t dip I!l"'l'll'tan un 'w:k mame liliar a" ke':Slaimban~. rnelakul-melekul di lda:~anl, el, 'Slumber 'Elne:f:gi 'un'iuk. "'OO;SFHJI' s ak fif.' adaleh ,AWl (ade'[f!LDS,in tr,jf os;~at).,

'Tr,an'S:p~II' ak'~:~f' p:rim,@1" Ci'i£:OR Dhkm, p,ada :k,ehltl",pdpan inn K+ ,dlan..N'a+ ,,.jI_,lI,~~. rn_)~I £ ~hr. G~· ,~- Veb-'~ '''O!UF'I;u,...'m..·,~ ~ '" :__' ~ rn m l~ ru~. ~ _ ty.,. ~ '1__ ,~, "_ ,_~ 11, ',~, 'a-.~'~ ,.~~ k b~ ,;,_.'* -'Bb-_: ~ ~"I"'II o~ At~,,~,~, ~_ .__ _)lUll, ,l~ 'K' lU~, I,· ,d~ ~1-e.'ifi~1 8,; ,-iE!lb-,:;~, -=. e d:'S'W'~'~m::l!,~,4:91i' di l-!II e J!!i"~[ tt!' iEi,m B_, "'-~., 11..., ,b, e. ~.,IJ.IJ, ~{r-'~U~ ~J~,W,_ c.tIJ,IIJ,I1L~JiIl, ., ,LllW!,W,l~ Ll !LIL, i ".;::J,lIilll.l~, ,
I

Bif!'f"'"

'J-'~l~_Y
~. -~'

e, H, ~ I iEIi II· ~!I; '_' '~'_' ~.~ _I

I.:JI~I",

~~''5'i

iJ!"Ij'lI"II,iIl'

8'["'11

,1;.~iAJ

'_

)~

~._j

...ll_,~

liEIi"~ ~l!l::,~, ..

J~

,-til.

'II' ,ILoJl

iRI iii"II,e, IEIIif"'ll E:.ll

sr;e, '~I ~I,W.,,·~,

,:,;,~.'

1,.,.l

~_tr_I~UllJ.JJ,

',SIj

Ij,

~I!I::

kecil dm"ipada di 111m

''T"".r '~Jbll;lm.~~.~.. iF't11" ~ _'L, J i 1 'fiH"1O Ie''f~

S8 t

,I.! f '~ID t." UiIiFIi L,U: ~,~&:':Ii I.,

d- ·~.w. d-l·
'. iBJ'iI!!'

iF! 1,:_'" .!bYJ]

iFIJ_It.Y

!"An' k-" _iii"II,

.. r.

dien:gmu rn ~ u.e:it,u 1 Pien.gan.:gk'u ~annya [li hi! in "I~,-',ans'p 1" .k-h:us U$ . plen~gk.utan te'Ese'bUit.'bersQ1~ dengan. i'lie~"~gi<u'~. :Na+ 'U:I,.adt. 'b[e.l"d:":~u~i k E!' dalam 'S eJ Pen gao [gJc'uan N ,a't ada:~ah b"m[u5,p'I(J'l~ ak fc pr imer t yan,g memu ng~ ink Wl te ~jadinya,,panFil'~'sin'ims UI b~'Q tt S len in,g'caasanl, amino dan II Dl- Ufi".y,..i·~~ ;;.i~n'·ilT'ri'~l~,'~U.f;.- -'I'... .f.ii.,11!;; ,..",:a_,'I __ sel - -'L.nc: ~ ~~ 1\.., I~" ~i'
I~ n
'.;!!!!i; .•

'EJ _ Ir·1 ,...lUGl b l~rru:p,D pr

~i..IUII,

iG~i~l;~IH;~iB.J1Il !bU,,~,IIi ..(III.IIl.U

''SIi~''

'5'i;iIFiiAi ~'iiAi, A

dan

-~-lbi..Illt

'~'1-'~"11[_ Alilil! ~ .0;'

J~,._il~ 1bJI~~;I.

22

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

RlsfDriI- si

_npba1Jbc
pemballOI

konformm

p.1e '--

bOrn
I

;-J

Ill)

..Penl-· - --~ Il'mnfDrmali ...DIQSlI. Na"keTualf

I~I-i:·~~!

~.

laJlkal

•
••
~
..

..
'
-

d)

•• I.
I

1.1 4 '.1

•
' I •

.. .
I-

• •
!

•1

• •.1
'p

IIii8:mill'.' 1,;"ll(~J ~~S

;fm~.or

~I~U': Cm.-e e;ti'\ 1m· -. 111' 2001~~1.11,5'!,~~ ~ D~~(~,f"{JtlifJsiros~ I(ej Plood'O'Sis;. {oj E,.d<rJsiMsi&

lJS.,

EJ..-SOSItOSIS 'EkSDS..i DSm dapai' d'~ar·~·ik,an.i' ke~lueurnya zat dm'i dalem set Ves,mel dari dlalam, s e bier ISi 's:e:nya¥.IB ,a'l'alu s iss me tablDI lis'm e. :B~'l'S1mna.a:H-r iJ.1l plas,ma, S vesikel ~ersebu [ akh n,n;ya sarnpm pada mernbr an dan b~ljladiIDru" P I!,rle'ka'mttl. :Dae~· :p,er'~Je;k,a}tan,akan :men:gak.1m, - Hs]s, dart :irs :i, 'yes, Jk e:~, e It.lalab, k a

Endasilosi»

e'ndnsitos,:!is ·mel..upiElk,an, 'pr'os,es, ,pIE!l'11m;ukan, ,Zc1.t cmm'i luat", s.e:~Ibe dahm t.;,le'ru. PartikeI·~pat·"Uk al Idlm'"l luar. se 1menem,p'E!:l pada.:m,elmb.~~1, It emudlian :m.lm,desak .
mern'b:rat"l s len,:u1.gga ~Iet:j!ald ilab. 18k. koo. yan.s: s lamal:ill llm".~:5 @l'l1!akin, dalmn u hen 'h,;tk:nya slep e:rti k.ml.'run.g ~~. akhirnyet :m.e.njadi 'bulat· :~ruu'ter"epm dati me:mbrMl_ IBiu]a'tan 'te.rsleDu·l· he1~isi ,p(-. ,.tik,e]I' :hl1u akttrru di~e:~~.~a 1[J:~e:h. ~lSt1m/ lis

e11.z,Un.:pe'nClerna, yan g :~ain- Eh1.d'@5:i.'r05is mem it ik. i dua :mm::ana ben 'R1J k :ym.iru ni"", i,ib,,;>I!!,.ie. ..J!_ . ~C!'fil!!' ~,ib e";~ 'p;inIIPu~,~,j,f"IiS;e!_ i"'i'-'iIlB>fUI m·'!r ... ... 'iL. """'RII 1\.. D r'~ Yeo;!! :~.I~y,J ~ I~ ,4~,~ ... ll~y,.:;!i,,~, , ':~.I!,y""l i~!b!' ' ,~ ,l,~ ,,'1;;''- _: I':r~~, 'r'~-11b!!~ :r
I!;
F'I;!!!,

L.

,i;)ii

'iL-,~'ifli'

I!i,

n!l"'iFII>I!",ert

"",'.::!I

t")i9!iif'!1'"'11~~

,..JI_'II_"m i:Ii'l 'U"""~;~b,' iiI"U'iIiii 10' ~'" ~.,--:I ,Ii, J" lUI!!;;.!!!, '.r·
I" '.;!1, ... iCIi

I~l!!.,y,

iI"'"~,~

...

'm!!1

'~.',

H'

'_,1 !Ci!!.I,

~ijj'!io'~

!!Y,'!'!!!'

<II:l 1Ciir',

,,;!!!!;;i4l:'_ .... -'Y<

uai

d'

'l,,",~

'-I

Ci;<i'"Ii

~,~,~

~iji"!
I~'

,1;.1· p;'~h~' 1I:i~,"" L. _'

I~~ ~ ~

.. '5l!,~,:i:; UI'i;; ili<-~ -" ~~,,'!). A II!;;

send ~...~ 'u~,j ,ill,. ~ ,~ , "",UJ,.:I;~'I, .,1·,~I~U

m:U:1.'Um SE!'darrt:gkan f~gos: ,tcsis, (fa;go ..... -akan) :meflt:patan pemasukan za:t pada: amu sel :iainnya,: e dalam l1ubu11:5 el, S:es'uai dengan art~nya.; p,e.~' twa is :l"1iSf,P e~' ~, e'I :m~mak,an m,t .aU1,.lPll~r'ha'tika1l gam'baa" 1.1. :3. t5 1) Pln,fJs,;tos is B allan pada membran

plesma

1-' e.sdep:OE' lak,ml, ,

:m.ene mpe 1 s eh'm,:~, b;!:f'jadi

]ekukan. L,ekutan, lama-ke :1m11&"'ttl se.mak ,in dalern den memben ttl' ' k,anwng" Kanb.lng 'yan,g '~~l!."lepa&, akan berada dalam 's,itll,prnsma Kantung :m,l dlsabut g:lJ,t'H,&u'~l'g pinl(Js.it(J~ls. GI@:hnubu<rt8 pinos:~.t(Jsis, -'an nle:nigt!,rut 'Oan, P'l!In:aJh. m@nj.adi :81 lem'bul1.:g: :kee~l-:k Qi:,~l emu,d'ian. 1~uf!rpt~n8' k :me'ffa.di ~~le.:mb~ln;R
'~g~' ~,ebih be~.ar. J ._.,_,
'"'I" •

.2J

'me;-·t ~~_~';I... _~:I 5 e:~.Ise1 m,ing# :m~ah1\y8 .P~ .

'1!:ji

p_'an)~,_~,~§.M~ par .l-!L. 'p~,i"' ,b.:'Il.., 1 ~& .o;o.'L ;qo-..,jl'-~' ~:!.;~ 1.eHfIi, ,_~~I~=~l. .t.\tU'o.:,bn d_._.·. 5'el-{s ell. ·elm"m pu.'.ih. J~,ak,artal1 ,~mu. _;L., ],i!'i;,. e ~,~, ~ I!l;;"il ,I: ~ua, " J: ,~l" IU P·~·Ii"'t:·~l. 1,_,~,,,,,,, e..uo;.,;i;_i.!. ,,~.'m~ii1nin"p'ft"~'p~,~l-memb·,1e.@ 1-'n~i'ilmem Lf"'~i'lIi -t..~ii"Ii ffi' ernhen " :~:ek,u-' :~~:Emb ak,;an, menu tup dan mamh en ih.,dt 'kaa-, tun,s lalu kan rung .an. ran
I....

fn2(Jsito'Sis
I
•

e'~ Ae'! .r -!S'll'ga.'l_:_(~~,_LfU!~~~<~J ,ie I~'

.:~

!5~1 ~"~"
,I

Ri _:j,I~.

P':._:'~ IW~!I;;j~ ' 'IPII,>!II'

[

iE!i II!!

IIBI'

w. '.'
,

II'!i ~

'~-"~!§j:_:

iE!iJ

'~~'"i

~~~."Ii-~I~

B'i"Ii

I!;.g,

~i"'II

~!I, I~'!W,

',_,:.

'W.

"~!i""

!L.~ ~IY,

ILI!;I, ~~

~~

11;, I,.,

~i1I~

I' '"

me le,p1askan. d:ilr i.

Tal-". ~Q'U!rn,prrrc.ti pen,P"111, PQ'rLilx:L-lM

,AIat dau. Ball an
1_
'l 'n - ~
-, ,

(Stt'hl.l) dan..k iatu a fjEnis, pte~_"u t) terhadq> :p'e1'n1eabL.i'a membran se I

_ .i&ik

1"',!.~U,11lJaug
.",

f- - -- ~'J.i ,- bI!I!'Qilatl'U!-_ ...J!i5~Us

1 .. _,' " 'I'

~ ...,.
l~l'

10" r:: - -,,'. ~~

ern

.... -

B Un!3·ED .. pe:wanm I

"h_'ik ~ --'' "

"'.' ,

24

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

;ill'

'"Ii,

3.

TabURg'I-"eat'si

'l:i@<r"turu:pu,lil" (10 bum; dlSmeter. 2i5 I:ln)

,4
~

Ce,llm ,k,nno :~'lau~'mdah ~":ihan, .pm1~_'

,.

Umbi kunyiVbit gula

M,etano
&le'IDl1

I""

7. 8,
II'
L;

A&:ua.des
',L ....iIi i

...

iblI! 1;r;:·m.1l ,~"A!-IJ a,

!O'

'v'

1.
?,~

3.

Buatlah kelomp'Dt dElngan i~rnatl alianl k Buat 10 ~t~llnder 'Lunbi kU'ny1t d~i1;Fl'diarnJe'tH 0#5 an ldan, par'ljan,B :2,,0 em :m@ft~n_at pe:h,,'~:ban,giP1J.S~ Jike. tidak;, terri,! die, p e.lu ba1.'8 em'uSJ ~a.'t ,diblia:t. 'PiC! to ftpn. p errs,~gi, Bl'- 'II :ku,'tl1.~m", dm pn patljlM,g 's':~ jj 1. eM Ct1!f~ d,aniP' ,airr Inen~gaH]~ i. un.'Nk menBhi -__-~-_ pign1,m .. ~_:
~~=,
ji

.. ' '_- riD '_-~

':-y..

6-4-

,-

p-' ~A
gi~

..... a;pm- -;il'l''iI(''.aml n ~W, ,_l_" r'

)~I~ _' --

_'

I~ .w.Lg.11i ~~~

e.iiI1~~.JiIBii'!

F:13,r al7fl Al!r~.Fisik

....

.'. n~ "J
I-

f~

Ceiupi;;,aJ;"lmas' g-,ma5in,g dua pctong silindl!l" tI'mbi kuny~,I'/bi.:gl1mke: dalam aKl1ades, bersuhu iC1'jl'sc:r'~ dan 40" delamL lI!..'n,~,..JJ~~ ~;I
l~

C sleJama mIEtRl't! SdindH umhs aciptUfi:g diprinldahkan' e daIam.5 ml atuadms, hersuhu tamar dam,biart,an, 'ml!enciml1,
~~,I~~·I 1W!l.GI~~

iI!!.'Io_,II!o~~ iIl!'.n,1_--, .~ ~It~

1J~& :~J

'II

;p,e,,:1 t.d~~,r. tiN

5.

Rern dam dua 'plltonrg silh1.d@f' u:m"bi kunyit/bit gulla, ,d.a1am

~JJ'P;d,U1J' 19i

Psi nr"tt

O',r~'tUt t i leI

.5 mJ :m,etar.ull~ dan QU'-Iplotnng lainnya d:U-e.n.dam

ldWJ_mJlt. ,,5

k- ".-.!

lTd,

milton, :m-:~.n1.U-'m.mUsel,~ ~~mlluti~ t:Ii 01

fl;

r=

"Qa !i,'unu

X'o.trdll 6- Mas,u'k kart

~

dllL'b!l

daiJlarn alt'uade
vmt'tu

5,

po '~gng :51 hl1d;er u'm'b i k unyi c./bit. aula Clem d:im'nk an, da'~arn 'S,' ,,- 'UJ - ..mner ,da]am

'ymll'g 3,ama]

A,u aHii is,

7. DI:lak h Ii!\" P eren danlm1.. S Im,'Ua p'e'n" 12Aik. 'U.m1, dan k €lrn t:ro 1, tabUftg d'ik_(u!:Dl dk"'l.m], amah pM"'berdaan Vllat'na ,pacta, mmg~ m rnasin-c,g;,IIilJllilr-ofi·t .... LU· ,~~ ~.~ ~I~~ ;W;-!L_~1~~WI 'li..ltlf- ~ _"'~I",.K L,ij; 1Ijniii'¥'iiop-::'Ink 1k.",",11'~lariiFNl ~.~~I'p-:,ID-~~~I"i";i.~ .... ~ 'lDllr' ~ IUJ'W~ ,I A !:;U~ l~J ~,@pe~·ti. pada tab Ii!,l ,p@ftpna.tanl BagaDn~ana in,·m~.pr,@·ta&,i Kahan 'ten,tart! pe:fble~ .. ~·Mfta pads ~inig;..m~ling
i~
~I ~I

[Il [

[~j

[I

"~~

lI:

Y'&" i

,~

pefL~.u~- -.,

T,abd P'etl:Q"mtl,at,aA, :~ g,:P - li,ak.'u,m &silk d_" umlbi kMo'yi, ' ~(i1"tIpm,S.
....
Ple'~,idm'·
Ft~slk (S,ufnu]1
.'

,. ii'

~J

'~·.l_iuiUa IL'

U~D

DDt,
"

!i'DDe
If"

;'iPC
,p ela[u~,0 rganDk,

etano~ Herall:1 Alkuades

....
Kont1iol

Ke'k:u rnpll'BkSaJll ~Sel is el m; rup dlk:illrli sisl,~m d,en~g Id !,sai n 1):3n ng ~u mJlt p a'ili n!Q 'k:OI -=-npil s ks d,a n p:a lillg an ~ndalh ''1a'ng pernah dl:smksikan Oll'ehl mmnuSiJal, PnlfesoJr 'b;iologilMlcllleJ Den~jon, d'~ li!l,a'lalllirn IJj klJin~::;1b e:rta~lik Ev'ollfl:ioln: A Ttu~!0 Il in C,r~S8, Ime'n~e la's'k;aIII k'@ko'mplelksan b s nil I IdIS:ngall 'salty e o rtIt'Q,h:: nUntuk me rnahan11' rea~itas, kel1hrJIJpan 'se'pe.rU rang ":elalh dilJn'!IJk,al~k,an biologii In1o~eku ,91[ :ita ~erlu tn1e'Ilripertlesar 'sebualill sel ss'rat[USi,jm:alllcslli slhingg:3 fJiame:'tlimy,3, menc;apai '20 knQ,m~~elr ,(I:31nn1enYI!!_lllpal 'f:a,~sasa, "I'lnQI CLiI:up b:es·l~ un1)uk mel'llLlltup 'sa bUlilIlti k,Q,t:a1 se:ped:i LJltn den :ataru N,t!w Yo,rIL A pa y an g' ak:an kilt,; ~ihat k,e mId iiaJfil ~al:~h SlelbllD:j3!lh ob!jek 'Y3lng rrrempun:raJ kerun; '~n yangl Uada tancHng,afl dan dlesainl n 91adap~·[f'..Dip e rmuk:a,an sel i1ni ki1:a ata n n1@nd:ap ali It.erju~ ar-ju~a ~Ub:3 n gil :seP,91r1i ~ ullan'g=I'u b'aHn 91 ill;alng kc:aJl.a sebu a til (]lie'sC1,wa1: irndulk anlkasa 1;1 te~lblU ka da n '~:,e lIJtup 111 R untUk "1emjag,a alir.an m;rh!nl m31!stlk da,n-eluar. BUiI, kiltj1 daD3~:ImiSmasukii lubang inrll [KHaakan irfu3rncl,apa~1 dliF~i '211berad:3 eU Ia:!a];alml selnnah drunia '~angl be' 'e'km1o~o!!1U 'Ungg. k~ d:a n kClIIl1'1j}III3~lir5, an!II In"le m~ Ie nl;.an g k:an _ IIImila h se·bu3 hi k'i!),Mp l@ksH,8IS; di lu a r janilkauan y Ik:rlEl';iltivihl's Ikitl'l su:atu real~;tas,yarng befla,walnan de'ngaln keb8ltul,an~, ,'ang dallalm ss Qiali a, Iillill Wl1ei'a mp;jJlU i $1E!(rIflU3 'iiJ ilnlg dii1;a'sUlkaln ~u!.,[ I~nld;a ssn m;ailt1!JJ sla.,_
I iii

"i!)

S SOlran gl ahli matern a·ka dl3n a siron 0 mi' IUii glgri's, S~r 1611~. IHIo,y~e lall1 lme lakuk a . '~'Ie P Fa rban jill an Id'i da lam sam:u waw,a nc' ill ra deln ganny 31 'VI a rD,gl 'te,fa lib df sta rk a n d:a131m Irnaj~11 an N,atrur@" fUII,fIla tang 9 31 1 ,2 f\I@v@!lmbet l' 981 _W'a~ auplliIm,., b@'1iau :ad a II3Jh SeOfMl,g lev c'llIJShDrnls 'te ap'~ be IiI IJl me ne gals'k,anll blah,w3 p e lilI 3 ng 11m" k, rnun CLdny a ma kt1[uk u hliidup '~ll nlgk:at 'tin,ggli 't'@F,b I1lu~: If! @!riIQan t:3'f;81 kelb stul a n adall!ah s@p e~rUIto rnado ''I an,!) e ImeWunCUl eepat selnfnglga lJe~h,asHmerakr~ Ib,a~1aln=b!ahan Jell Slek'eHlIngn} a IllJn,uk ItTu3'mben,ttl k, se bUB t1 B @e!ing '74,7. I~ Ibe rs nt ,3 ill a I a iii n1Ul:sta liilil run1uk 'selb u a h si8:I~ nj t,e~lbentuk sec Ir'al ke'bl8i ;Ju!an ~O~h3!h'Uu~P ISU la te all11die i,ptaka n
S~:m'illi!'f~~ H{Jm~ YQ'hy~'~ Ken:m''Uh~n
~fjin

~oiU;s:.;;. 2lJOf.

Se!'t:elaI1IMembaca '1 ~

u~aian ",ersebut

la

.,ab~~11 pertanya'arn bertkut inil

:~t

. - e'nl,Hl!lJt peHiI'dapat I,'alian benairkahl 'rnl90ri e:Jv'lo'luSli ,'an; m@'mrartakan malklhluk h.i'cI'up IPerta rna y:a no mun,(!: ul ;adal~alhm a'k'll IllI k, h~du p be rset s8i~:uke'R'l!lUiliialn d]su.sUlI Icrtilkhl !Aik Ita idw;p' y'an g' rebn~ kicnnpi:e k:s? Belikan Ipe'neJ.a,palt a'as ]a,wall'SI!l :kal1il8lnte sebu~~

,26

B,iaJo i S~, AI , A Kefas

II

I
I
I

2.
,3. 4.

S e:_ merru p.~~ un ..:'t 'hl!rk ec:~:~ k e'hidltt:pM. an : dati e ,6..u·J~, ,Ii-.., .. ,~ ,""'I;;,~, 'mn '~Il"p~ ~ ,:10__ 0 rnb "r~'" 'iIJ.." ';:iiFlil ~ ~U ~,u!E 0 '~I L, f '~I- 'm'" 'I'
>E:.
,I!!;; ,~, '
I!;;'!j, '.~

~------------------.
.._'.
_"" ~~ ~ !If': Ii:.'!!,:~ 'i;;,

. ~mlJ" ·:'· '. - IIIIWIW '11riIJ~1:~llml WW-......

11;;;]'

,i!!l!!.~,.,t

'i:.liD'~ .o!! II!; ,~'''''

~ ~

,i tAp ,~, l,y,

. ,~~,

~~

m···iIi:"iid ~ ',~_!Ai ,~ -~~.r'~~'

I I I I
I

of'plfl,el s e 1.
Mlembr,ElI1 5,e':~, t.er;su'sun erfas, HpDprotein

~'_,,_... ... ,_1...

~I

dan 'b e'n'sua't' se'-Ilek. ;.i b "'"1 'II.'-I.ri ,. 'u, .liIU~

"

A&I&~~.l.

d,'~

I
,5.

b ,!i:o<~, .. ~"""I 10'1"' 1D'; " ad

,'!;,-II:II, Ii, ~:!U!',

Or-gea,te l:sJe,l melipu ti.ribDS'Cm fie tit..l~un, endDp:mrna, l1li~D!kcmdr~ u

D'.!l\il'

~. "'" ~

d'n
,

,"1" IijIo ~,!!U!

~ ~U

"n'",!I,,,,,

"~"~!U

'II~

0~

t"ilm"

p 1" ~ +~ I ~ ~ ,~n,d' ~I
~

c ~~""

'm,",'L, 'i'" '0' ,iIi..,~ ,", lI!i.,Ii'.'. IIl,IU,

n,m.'rIDfilam,en" dan ,pe;r.IDik,s,fs m. o S el 'pr'd);:an'loUt bdak me~pul1y.m '~nti dM, sis, ;~m,endcmembraa SlleplEtl· re t~,U Ium lend!ll~p ' ~"asn'lal!'mi' 'Okendr ia... an badan go 19j, d S E!!:I. leu.karlo'tit. 'me:milik,i inti dan, sis tarn ,(!'naome:mh,ran,.
I~~,

1i:!'"1fi.'1, 11::,

L'·I,... ,,;lF~~·:~~ " m.1WIUJ.-~"~aL I;JUIIUIl. !

'~e:ni'ii'W:L,~,w, ,nr"~rnla]- , 'V~P'L D ,IIUIl.Il~U, L.:II.W.~ lid! , cr='''' .,,.;;:;. J'~'

11l.J:~

if=~I,.,.1b

14~:~~1',:1!..,~
U.u
JI.

II.JL1.~ ~

~~I'I'h'ID'iA~' ,d ~"w" ~"'Cj!l.ll,~,

r;;;;; If

yaj,tu dinWnlg"S,I(!,l, V3U,fJj' ~.r CL1.rl plas,ti.d.a S el he\~mn m!'m~lik :i, Drgan.il\?i 1yau,g ,ti.d.. dimi'] iki

SIe!

ym,tu f!age. ,dan. 5 erdritJll

P""I;.:lQ~ Til' 1~;.;I!:lF:J'y~:, 'fS!i..J _ ~_.""~ iIL'!i
=ifi9I!E Rili' '"31;, ~. a; :.::11 'II;; '_ ,':. ",,: I~

1 It.1mlbu,'han,
!e' ;

epA P"·"2ii1e'~'· (d-ur y'-,!! ~:. d ,,U" 1:,:,iI .':,iC,- ;~ y,!!! :::. ~_:, ~ \.:. .. '[el'fas,il·,tmL lJ~mos'~) ,dan :"',!l]1..s,pnr ett'tmf (h'"atlUi;PilCL ak(~ PfimJ!l~ , .. transpor _'to, UJ. ~" under iI"'!iiI:l'~'''D~~~) .I!:l!1, ~ _.'!J!'~' ~ IU:~W:l,l;U:.~ D""'d-II"\'I~~lt-, Ib........): ... i; rU....' ¥,;!!., end_!!Jr.~,~, ~ ..
1 '" e·iii'!' _jl'~'-~ ~ ~l :~,
;1 ," ~ ~

·t'OSIie ~~ ~iiAI _~ I~",~,

~'.

,:,..

iii'"

I ~' .. '. Ie! ~

,i!!-

I
I

IY.'~,

l~

_'IIY!(l

,j;'~

;;!! ~

;r<,ft' I

"

n' ~i!"i;£'l! :-~ '!i;; .. :""'-

~,JII,.,."C!'t~ i!l.l!J,y,~

iii;;; .' ....

;;!I ~

.•

ata& ,flClgo5 jl'tos"i,s dan P inos :i:bJ~1s~ i

l.i
,a

I ilUlt. g"'fl nil

Sllm~

1. ,Mocam~ma:atn

ol:"gamik yat-'g me'n:yusun, pl'ompBslna,adJal,1h ....

kar'boh ich"a't~pr'o'tein .. :1 mak ..matn, amino e 'b. tar'bDll idrat .. prnteln, lernek mar-n,:5itra:~' c. ka(bDhrdrat, p'l-"obl!':~ 1ernak, esam :n,uklea,t" d~ prnte in, asam alnm,IC~ lernek .. gula

:p! otein, esarn ai"nm,o" man sib"at ."lia., 2. :PI!!:rnya'taall, yang pal:im"g m,pa:tun 'hlk r E!"tik u lum endoplasma adalah .... ,a Dl"@3I' el i!r.hesan'" di ,dlalarrn s i' I'DP lesma b. Mlga1el· e,eH di da1am se ,'yaD,g b!l su's'UJ'n am :pr1o[f!in dan RJ\lA IC. S E!:pman,gbaden 5 iIinder C&1J], merupeken aatu kesatuan d sistem 'mJe·:m'ro\!~anyan,g :k'cm;p:te:ks mernbm'bik jarin:g:=.'i,m'lnR kerja ,di e.
I

sf

oplesma

e.

b erp aran dal-:: ']1, sm t,e~,'is, ill 't.e,m~s inm&:~sllsm .;11 dan !tt ~liP alf mate:r'i PI' di. dalam '5,le 1.

17
3, Pada,se,: hle'~l:m..vakuola nonk,llntl"ak,U:I, be'" unGSl u'ntu'k, ....

a
'\\.:-,1 Ll!

menja,ga,
m~!i['iiI;;""'I~"'!i"riJ,
~~iIi, I~"'-~lJ:.
...

,ekanan
l'~~~,

OSll1JDtik siitoplem:ma,

_','IL.,

'~oii'!Il ''-'-1 ":'J~~oji'!jl ~Iit"i, l~, ,:I;!, ~~ ~~ILiIi, I

c,

d
!.

Dlenjadi, [empa:t 'fimb u nan, s 'flsa.sis a me tab 1],1,is;mlr! :r11€nj,adi [1e~pa:t n1eny:~lpanza 'm.at,anarl

memban,gun 'tllf'gor :5 Ie 1
~I~wialn
Permanen

4.. P;J]"1lrl:tikllI1 tn~:l~Jliikurj No_

TIIII. bilu'hra Iliil

Ii
2.,
1

lJidak permanen
I. P@Hmi1lllnen
131

Iid,a:k p,ermalnlen

3. ... Ts rdi'r~'atas v,a kua

k 0 n1J31'kfiil

J'e,rdi'ri dairi v ,(il'kLI 0 la ma ';anan

BiUklilUffi

S,3J3

dan
',l.

fagosi1 maka
' ,3 rn

"

akanan 'I:e:rita f ut
I) :5'111'0

'~:e' at ml:p

p,enyimpan.a

, 2'31'
'

'~,e, i:a f ut r

15. ,

Meno'a'tur't.ekan:an

srs sle~
n

1 Me'nga'tuF' te kanan hJP~por 'se'l

at

'bI2,
I~_

d- ,4 e. ,5
5. ,F'unlP,i :m:i.'tokondtia ,~.da1Elh, ... ~ ,a ~t=npa:t pem)bl~n'm.kal'\, ,r,iblll)som ,di.an, u:n.tuk 5,in,b~;5 :pr.@'teit" is, 'b- fem,p,a,[ pe.m'Uenmkan, 'anl'i'lUll1, d., 1'1' 0' e in It5 e'b,~~, alat 5 intles,is, 5 ~dtte't' dan, penc f!lTLaan in,tr. as,el d, ;empIElit. te,r~adinyares,pir,as,:i sel dan sumber enlel'gi bagi se~,

e- un'tu_k_ pence

r'f:'t~1

·f~f\.'[e'u:'rua~ elm,

6~ Ol'garlJel 'Y'W18j,dak dijumpai. it1,~~ ,ada_k~h---,at

su~m',be~ner gt 'bagi :5el e :poOa sel :her--'-:-:, ldafi 'ba~=_n-:bagj'-~' 'lhel"ik'u,'~'

'I£n'(l

I.'

b
:C,

,prob)p~m:ma

d,

nukleclp',' sma plastida

.,;;,JlI!l;,

i'""1. I

mi: nkondria 01'~nil:iil 's= ncr b erfunasi '~) Y' :'D' aer ,,",,' iiI'iII'n'rut. ,., protein r iO~ .....~11/;; ti".;: l'i. mensmtesis "".::II/-i! ,a, mi tlkan,dria
~,n" ·1!l;;:&,W.I!.!!i,!II,IIJ,'Ii:"',~

e.

ILI!l:,!-,u

~...:a,_'II_L ~~~,~,

~.,.

b,

, is 0:5, om,

c. krcmns am d f'.'bcrsom e. plastida

,28

B,icec/o i S~, AI , A Kefas

a-·
.

,"!'II

gall1'ba!~ sel h'12wan dli samp m.g,;., 'Dl~'ganel or gm:1.e'1'yang '[erlibat dalem P,l'''DS,e3, sekresi enzim ~ .... ,....::2'1','2 -;0' '_ :/ l' a ,, .J b. l -3: 5 c. ,~' ,4 6! 7' d 2,- ,4,- ta,- 7 :ii, re~ 1 - 4: - 5' - 7 B,erdas,arkan.
=, = = = ',";': = ,. = '= = =

9" Le.:maik rnerupaken s.,en:ya~la. o,rgpn ik pe,nyu'sun 'blet~ful18S,i se'ba;~. ~. ,3 bahan. pamb en. ru'K s m,ya¥m, ol~'B'F'l.lik.lain b, behen pernh en'ruk anzin1.-enzim. 'penC:@!ltElEan
if:
~,t.un,t)lf£it Ine:r.gi

pirlDI'

o,plas,mla

yang'

Ic.~_dan,:pl

d 5~rry~ym'g bertanggun8j~mb te:r:ha~ sint.e'si,s, let'l2,Dl1 e_ SI e:n]IaV"m yat1,g b:l!,~P!l'" d~' mn, P em'l\] IB:1'1 tuk s,e:~ -0.. :L is,Qs,om"
u'n:ttdlt ... ,
ID~gan.el ..

yan:g' hanya Jel""dlapat

'I

padJa s·el h

~1'an

'yan,g b e, ,-fun:gs i

a
b,

c.

malekuken aintesss protel,jin. nlem'b~1a sifat t 'e tul"'unaJl n1en.y.~pan. has U [[] '~D:S in'tesm
"J

d me·nsm tas is. Irt2'ml, hidrolik. It nlenm.u~'~an .. zat hm.'~l'p:-:)leru:lernMn'iC,-- ~, , _ - _.... ,. I", .

1,. 01' gartlE! 1b e.-~'~lJ,pa en halus dalem ~5, cplesma yan g' b el'batMml. dJen,gtan :sruu: ru, :5:m tern 'In ernbran den erai ,kai'tannya, dengan 3':~ ~e:m. ll:g~'U'tan padasm a es 15 :p.'. lOll'e in a,ldedah ....
a, :I m,I[)S, om.

b
IC,

nukleus
m:i,bok. o:nmr ia

d, r',~b[]rSom e_ ]tl~ftik,u lurn sn dop lasma

2. :P en)'.Y'Lt5'Unan -z ::,t, 'p e:m,ben h.d(, p1~0 >op Ja5 m _,~ o:~e!:h,mak:hbdc. hidup merupaken mmlif eg,tmi.' ungs.l ._ .. ,a nu'trlS,~,
~!_

'b.
IC,

Fle gu las 1

d~
e.

sinmS15, t~pr.·0 duks 1.

adap,tEiS,l

.3 Bagim-'bl~gim1 beriku,t, 5,e],

ini te]rd.~a, 'di luar :n,ukle:t~:si'l:;1,unli _.__

,a h
1[:.

klt1(flcp':_~_' baden go ~~

l~'~bs om o

d kromosom e. plestida

29
iii '~

[~.

~-I~J

D,l.n 10"' 'U~ D" "1 II Lliii; /~'!l.O

I

'~,.,~,
1~1~~!&I!

~!':1 0" J~-' D

~'~i'
~~iIt

,..;:a ~T.'

~a, ,t

,..;al,_,'~ ~~I
~~JI~l~

,i;r'fi rY,l~,.

ti ~ 't d' ~~, eb 'i, '-l ~

~~I • ~~~-'

II

•••

s iEO,pn" te :~n 0
r-

b c,

)J,'tOPi CI 'tein

d
!.
f::;;: ~'"

nuk Ie, ~p(fol'~e in biopro 'b~,n, i nus e lnpr D t-e,in

e_ I'l 11 mB_oiIl ~I~'~! " ·~~'Ii~ "'nit ~ \.. ..:.~'~I<~~~

'T-'n 0'1'1' .. I~ ....~hidu,p'.

'I." ~n ~

h _b'll1",i,~, _:_~."rr-;iIl'~

[S. e ,.",~

-"'ii'!iJ

I,~I~~~~-I~~_~,[

Oi-~!i !'p_'i .. ~iIfli

,:'~~,~,

\~I~h~~~

iI <il1'111"Ii, ~ II'

~ ,fi',.·"1 ,",'''' ,ib, ~ -, <!i!!Io'~1 '!!".'t"" ~IU'~ It'ul-~~l :_'I_,_~,~'fI!

m'....

1"1"''L.
l~_.

-.'

'Tle'Q,F':ru,
,at

~H,,5,e but

p fl •tat1la :k,rui d~U'su,llik,ml, n eh .".

I

Sdl,h~idlen dan 5dl',~rann 'b. 'RDb ert BiL"C v.m, I

d Rudol:' Vtrch~ 'Max: 3chuUzm

c.

e.

'FeUx: DUl'jad~m

_D- ,F'lln.~.i '~~,mrnarib~s'IDm ~ '5 lei ; dalah, ;-_. aem,pai.'f. pe.nggabungan 'b eber ape j enis asam aJniru] b membll!ntuk bu.'[iran ym,g me Je'kat pada I" e t&u lum I!nd!~p tit '_as c. me:mp,ercJ!pat b:'li,aairnY21loksidas i d, mengJ1as,ilkan knde pnetik

e.

memblentu.k

R.N'A

duta

·7. Bagian, s al yan,g :men ga~tllli'k elu!Ut :maslikn,ya, zat dar:~ dan, ke dalam lei.

,adNm' __ n_.
,a

'b
IC.,

siio:pim'ma rni ukondlda inti s e 1

d- se,,~apl;~ plasma e. dindmg sel

,B,. BagiaJl1, s al 'yan:g terdepat

padas m1 t;u;mbuhan, dsul tidak '~[!l"dapat'peda :5€ 1

he
,a_
''Il,'''-I
L]

1aIl ack1l1a[1,

~n~

dindingsel
'~I S @',W_a;pU,'1

P ~iflf1:'a
1....,...

16_

nuk l~,~I:~,us
'vak'lH:l1a

d. 'b e:nan,g kriIJrmllltin

e_
9.

:BIEU\".E u. t

,a

b,
IC',

d
@.

in 1yan,g bult,ar.l [ciT. i~c'~" b"'al1SPi[JIl" pas:if ad~ah ,.~, i bel'langs'U'O"gSE!£at'a, spontan ;, '11dsik m~mer':~!l.ll~z.an, .gm, ~:~, sllel lenQ:~ 'b e:r1an:~'l1m'B ldati :k. tans en bo,as i. tin,ggi :kIe k ans 2n.'fr as i :!~lru1doo, il) e.~-'lan:BS'lln,BIdmi k ons len tr,a§]J, t endal1 kelt I[](US !en,'tt aiS i 00,881

dapat 'tu1l:t:~an,gsung :p1ad.a, s el mati

'20. :SIE!'r u t in iadalah cri khes se lle~~_~'km tik,.. k ;J,t; Illtl'll "" E io ,a memJPtl'n:yai :ouk,le nlus b memJpu'nyru :me.n1.'bt.'aD :Ul,'[:l c, ~~r,jacH p:e:m Bai"lall, ,an1a!'"iaJ, inh Sf!:l dan s:itop.lClSma d DN',A berben tu't sil"'ku' e:t !. Mater i :gR,:n e'tik 'b el' a.da ldalmn :ilrrri s ,e 1

.I, Apa,:yan:g d~5Ud

;i!"!Jj

dJengau1,'s.lels,:ebap unit 'te~kec:~l kebidu,pan?

0'1 '[,-.. p-:'
~!" Ii9i'L, ~ ,~,lUlKj~,

't",)'i5li iI~Mr"'1i-..I'EIi ~ ~r-'~~p-:-'

,II;. IC:~"I!J~~

I~I

__

=- -"

,- .-,=-I'~ ~ ,e _ ,t~l~I.a~_

~ Ai I~
I,~'.

Q£_.

dan

I~ ·IDf--=-.L

..,

'~;BJ]'
[~iG,;

auk - .,'; lAIr!!:.? J.~ll_

_
it,. _

3. ~pa perbe.db'1a1l atl:rnuia,'5 el ,hre~1ande:nPl

~Yll~

se~,kunbuhan.? 4" Apa perb edaan an,~ar,a,",Bn'SPO:r. ak, til detngpn-, l[r artS,PIC f' pm if? Manak,a1:\ -n'·'~,"n·"gt·· ~~l' flJrLl, y,1"lIi"1 g·'·. rn
l
I I J

:.

't!;'I"iIgtt,,It
~l~

"'~I, (iWUJ!il

I~~

II

'

5. Apak.alt :p1i!tbe da2l11 s iI'uk tu'i" an'tar,a, d'lifldim:g S12,"ldan mernbren

:i,e'?
iUHll

III .. J nlvn bInI, IJc rtfU1.

A:~1'1itin!

rJ rill-pC

_·t

1111.

Aan be rikuf in i be rd~&,arl·.n

i.~i«

1. 'D i daJarJ1. tubull k i~~, e 1 k_~l'lih :.1, illba·a dinarnis ,ak.an ~EliI" us b rel"'BEad;~" s e l-s b s e l-s E!':~ :·-:;m_SJ, an, d:~goo;i, o lah s e I-s al baru, Apa yang ,ak mil 'ter.'fadi ~ab i]a .~. [ '"wnlah 5,1E!~, :Y.Sfl'g ',erben,'luk. :~e,b:;:nbmtyak. Idib~dm,g"5'le1. ymtg m Ji?
I.

2" 'M:,~n,uru t ', alian., :men,~" tarrtm11m1 yang ,~~yu an, s e g~l!l"k e:mba1i s e t~,[ah ,8k dis:iram, dlen:~ air? :t 5lrekar,an g ini barrrynk d.likem 'bamgkan, tanan1.an, h idr op on ik, b:~:f'1L1.terna di dalu"ah, :pe1"Kotaan, Tanml1a!111idroponit dapat w'mbtm subur. ',,.;.eS;k~pu'n media tanEmlnya hanya mre:nBSUnakan, ,air. MI~ngapa, al b~~r's:Gibutbisa h ' ' ],; ,t 121'J2t d-'