eye~

;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnfS r nSoa

rnq lqIrL; rFkSofS rA
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&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-1)

lq"kkjfFkj'okfuo ;Ueuq";k&
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rUes eu% f'kolY ieLrqq AA2AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-6)

:ikUrje~
tks jgrk gS tkxzr vkSj nwj nwj rd tkrk gS]
lks;k jg dj Hkh ,sls gh tk dj okil vkrk gSA
nwj nwj og tkus okyk lc rstksa dk T;ksfrfu/ku
lnk lefUor 'kqHklYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA1AA
tks tu tu dks ckxMksj ls b/j m/j ys tkrk gS]
prqj lkjFkh T;ksa ?kksM+ksa dks bfPNr pky pykrk gSA
lnk izfrf"Br n;ns'k esa vtj vkSj vfr'k; xfreku~
lnk lefUor 'kqHklYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA2AA

ikBkuqef.kdk
i`"Bkk%

izFke% ikB%
f}rh;% ikB%
r`rh;% ikB%
prqFkZ% ikB%
ipe% ikB%
"k"B% ikB%
lIre% ikB%
v"Ve% ikB%
uoe% ikB%
n'ke% ikB%
,dkn'k% ikB%
}kn'k% ikB%
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
prqn'Z k% ikB%
ipn'k% ikB%
ifjf'k"Ve~

iqjksoko~Q
Hkwfedk
eXye~
lqHkkf"krkfu
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk
HkxonTtqde~
lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~
izes yL; izes Y;k'p dFkk
tyokfguh
lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%
lIrHkfxU;%
v'kksdofudk
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys
d% j{kfr d% jf{kr%
fgeky;%
vk;ZHkV%
izgfs ydk%
lfU/%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p
xi

iii
vii
xii

1
6
13
23
29
37
43
50
59
68
74
80
88
94
102
107

izFke% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu
^lqHkkf"kr* 'kCn ^lq $ Hkkf"kr* bu nks 'kCnksa osQ esy ls lEi gksrk gSA lq dk vFkZ
lqUnj] e/qj rFkk Hkkf"kr dk vFkZ opu gSA bl rjg lqHkkf"kr dk vFkZ lqUnj@ekqj
opu gSA izLrqr ikB esa lwfDretjh] uhfr'krde~] euqLe`fr%] f'k'kqikyoke~] iprU=ke~
ls jkspd vkSj fopkjkskstd 'yksdksa dks laxg` hr fd;k x;k gSA

xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr

rs fuxq.Z ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
lqLoknqrks;k% izHkofUr u|%
leqnzeklk| HkoUR;is;k% AA1AA
lkfgR;lh rdykfoghu%
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r`.ka u [kknfi thoeku%
rn~Hkkx/s;a ijea i'kwuke~ AA2AA
yqC/L; u';fr ;'k% fi'kquL; eS=kh
u"Vf;L; oqQyeFkZijL; /eZ%A
fo|kiQya O;lfuu% i.kL; lkS[;a
jkT;a izeklfpoL; ujkf/iL; AA3AA
lqHkkf"krkfu

ihRok jla rq dVqoQa e/qja lekua

ek/q;Zeso tu;sUe/qef{kdklkSA
lUrLrFkSo lelTtunqtZukuka
JqRok op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUr AA4AA
egrka izfr% lSo of/Zrkuka ijSjfiA
u tgkfr futa Hkkoa la[;klq ykfr;ZFkk AA5AA
f;ka jkspekuk;ka lo rn~ jksprs oqQye~A
rL;ka Rojkspekuk;ka loZeso u jksprs AA6AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
xq.kKs"kq
lqLoknqrks;k%
izHkofUr
leqnzeklk| (leqnze~$vklk|)
HkoUR;is;k% (HkofUr$vis;k%)
fo"kk.kghu%
[kknUufi ([kknu~$vfi)
thoeku%
fi'kquL;
O;lfuu%
ujkf/iL; (uj$vf/iL;)

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

xqf.k;ksa esa
Lokfn"V ty
fudyrh gSa@mRiUu gksrh gSa
leqnz esa feydj@igqpdj
ihus ;ksX; ugha gksrh
lhax osQ fcuk
[kkrs gq, Hkh
ftUnk jgrk gqvk
pqxy[kksj@pqxyh djus okys dh
cqjh yr okyksa dh
jktk dk@osQ@dh

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

tu;sUe/qef{kdklkS
(tu;sr~$e/qef{kdk$vlkS)
lUrLrFkSo (lUr%$rFkk$,o)
l`tfUr

&
&
&

;g e/qeD[kh iSnk djrh@

fuekZ.k djrh gS
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izfr%
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tgkfr
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jkspekuk;ke~

&
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LoHkko@vknr
c<+k;s x,@iz'kaflr
nwljksa ls Hkh@ijk;ksa ls Hkh
NksM+rk gS
tSls ukS dk vkdkj@LoHkko
vPNh yxus ij

vH;kl%
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nkkuka i|kuka lLojokpua oqQ#rA
2- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) leqnez klk| ------------------------------ A
([k) -------------------- op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(x) rn~Hkkx/s;a -------------------------------- i'kwuke~A
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() fL=k;ka ----------------- lo rn~ ----------------- oqQye~A
3- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) O;lfuu% d u';fr\
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lqHkkf"krkfu

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(?k) dfLeu~ y
ksoQs lRlr%s izHkkoks of.kZr%\
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() u|% leqnez klk| vis;k% HkofUrA

p fpRok fy[kr&
dkkZ
f;k
lUr%
l`tfUr
-------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------

6- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
([k) u|% lqLoknqrks;k% HkofUrA
(x) yqC/L; ;'k% u';frA
(?k) e/qef{kdk ek/q;eZ os tu;frA
() egrka izfr% lqfLFkjk HkofrA
4

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu
;Fkk&leqnez klk|
ek/q;Zeso
vYieso
loZeso
lekuefi
egkReukeqfDr%

i`Fko~Q

oqQq #r&
leqnez ~
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

$
$
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vklk|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa egkiq#"kksa dh izfr] xqf.k;ksa dh iz'kalk] lTtuksa dh ok.kh]
lkfgR;&laxhr&dyk dh egkk] pqxy[kksjksa dh nksLrh ls gksus okyh gkfu] fL=k;ksa osQ
izlUu jgus esa lcdh [kq'kgkyh dks vkykfjd Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
ikB osQ 'yksdksa osQ leku vU; lqHkkf"krksa dks Hkh Lej.k j[ksa rFkk thou esa
mudh mikns;rk@laxfr ij fopkj djsAa
(d) ;s"kka u fo|k u riks u nkue~
Kkua u 'khya u xq.kks u /eZ%A
rs eR;ZyksoQs Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk%
euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
([k) xq.kk% iwtkLFkkua xqf.k"kq u p fya u p o;%A
(x) izkjH; pksketuk% u ifjR;tfUrA
(?k) nqtuZ % ifjgrZO;ks fo|;ky` r ksfi lu~A
() u izk.kkUrs izfrfofrtkZ;rs pkskekuke~A
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lEikkS p foikkS p egrkesd:irkAA
mi;ZDq r lqHkkf"krksa osQ va'kksa dks i<+dj Lo;a le>us dk iz;Ru djsa rFkk laLr
,oa vU; Hkkjrh;&Hkk"kkvksa osQ lqHkkf"krksa dk laxgz djsAa
^xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr*bl iafDr esa folxZ lfU/ osQ fu;e esa ^xq.kk%* osQ folxZ
dk nksuksa ckj yksi gqvk gSA lfU/ osQ fcuk iafDr ^xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUr* gksxhA
lqHkkf"krkfu

f}rh;% ikB%

fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk

izLrqr ikB laLr osQ izfl dFkkxzUFk ^iprU=ke~* osQ r`rh; rU=k ^dkdksyd
w h;e~*
ls ladfyr gSA iprU=k osQ ewy ys[kd fo".kq'kekZ gSAa blesa ikp [k.M gSa ftUgsa
^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA buesa x|&i| :i esa dFkk, nh x;h gSa ftuosQ ik=k eq[;r%
i'kq&i{kh gSAa

vO;;iz;ksx%
dLef'pr~ ous [kju[kj% uke lg% izfrolfr LeA l% dnkfpr~ brLrr% ifjHkzeu~
{kq/krZ% u fdfpnfi vkgkja izkIroku~A rr%
lw;kZLrle;s ,dka egrha xqgka n`"V~ok l%
vfpUr;r~&uwue~ ,rL;ka xqgk;ka jk=kkS dksfi
tho% vkxPNfrA vr% v=kSo fuxw<ks HkwRok
fr"Bkfe bfrA
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uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A l p ;kor~ i';fr
rkor~ lginifr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rs] u
p cfgjkxrkA 'k` x ky% vfpUr;r~ & vgks
fou"VksfLeA uwue~ vfLeu~ fcys lg% vLrhfr
roZQ;kfeA rr~ d djokf.k\ ,oa fofpUR;
#fpjk
6

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

nwjLFk% joa drqeZ kjC/%&Hkks fcy! Hkks fcy! d u

Lejfl] ;Ue;k Ro;k lg le;% rksfLr ;r~ ;nkga
ckr% izR;kxfe";kfe rnk Roa eke~ vkdkjf;";fl\
;fn Roa eka u vk;fl rfgZ vga f}rh;a fcya ;kL;kfe
bfrA
vFk ,rPNqRz ok lg% vfpUr;r~&uwues"kk xqgk
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fdfpr~ onfrA
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rnge~ vL; vkkua djksfeA ,oa
l% fcys izfo'; es HkksT;a Hkfo";frA
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vkkuedjks r ~ A lgL; mPpxtZ u &
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vk;r~A vusu vU;sfi i'ko% Hk;Hkhrk%
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beeiBr~&
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l 'kksP;rs ;ks u djksR;ukxre~A
ous=k laLFkL; lekxrk tjk
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es JqrkAA

fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es
Jqrk

'kCnkFkkZ%

dfLe'pr~ (dfLeu~$fpr~)
{kq/krZ% ({kq/k$vkrZ%)
vUrjs
fuxw<ks HkwRok
lginifr%
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osiFkq%
HkksT;e~
lglk
vukxre~
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fcyL;

&
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fdlh (ou esa)

Hkw[k ls O;koqQy
chp esa
fNidj
'ksj osQ iSjksa osQ fp
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tcrd] rcrd
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ckgj ls
vxj] rks
og lqudj
Mjs gq, eu okyksa dk
gkFk&iSj vkfn ls lEcfU/r

&
&
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&
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dEiu
Hkkstu ;ksX; (inkFkZ)
,dk,d
vkus okys (nq%[k) dks
fpUruh; gksrk gS
jgrs gq, dk@osQ@dh
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(fujkdj.k) djrk gS
fcy dk (xqiQk dk)
#fpjk

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
dfLeaf'pr~

fofpUR;

lkfone~

{kq/krZ%

,rPNzqRok

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lginifr%

lekkue~

izfrofu%

2- ,dinsu mkja fy[kr&

(d) lgL; uke fde~\
([k) xqgk;k% Lokeh d% vklhr~\
(x) lg% dfLeu~ le;s xqgk;k% lehis vkxr%\
(?k) gLriknkfndk% f;k% osQ"kka u izorZUrs\
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lnk

cfg%

nwja

rkor~

rfgZ

rnk

(d) ;nk n'koknua Hkofr ------------------ Nk=kk% fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ka ------------------ mnsfrA
(x) 'k`xky% xqgk;k% ------------------ vklhr~A
(?k) l p ;kor~ i';fr] ------------------ lginifr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rsA
() 'k`xkyksfi rr% ------------------ iyk;eku% viBr~A
(p) ;fn liQyrke~ bPNfl ------------------ vkyL;a R;tA
fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es
Jqrk

4- iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) [kju[kj% oqQ=k izfrolfr Le\
([k) egrha xqgka n`"V~ok lg% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(x) 'k`xky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
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5- etw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
lglk

nwjs

e'k%

;nk

rnk

ijUrq

;fn

rfgZ

,dfLeu~ ous d'Pku O;k/% tkya foLrh;Z ------------------ fLFkr%A -----------------vkdk'ks lifjokj% diksr jkt% fp=kxzho% fuxZr %A
------------------ r.Mqyd.kkukeqifj diksrkuka yksHkks tkr%A
-------------------------- jktk r=k lger% uklhr~A rL; ;qfDr%
vklhr~ ------------------ futZus ous dksfi euq";ks ukfLr
----------------------- oqQrks ok r.Mqyd.kkuka lEHko%\
------------------ jkK% mins'keLohR; rs uhpS% vkxrk]
------------------ tkys fuifrrk%A vr% mDre~ ^-------------fonkhr u f;ke~*A

#fpjk
10

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

6- ?kVukekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr&

(d) xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN% uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A
([k) lg% ,dka egrha xqgke~ vi';r~A
(x) ifjHkzeu~ lg% {kq/krksZ tkr%A
(?k) nwjLFk% 'k`xky% joa dkqeZ kjC/%A
() lg% 'k`xkyL; vkkuedjksrA~
(p) nwja iyk;eku% 'k`xky% 'yksdeiBr~A
(N) xqgk;ka dksfi vfLr bfr 'k`xkyL; fopkj%A

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk&ifjp; & fo".kq'kekZ us jktk vej'kfDr osQ ew[kZ iq=kksa dks oqQ'ky jktuhfrK
cukus osQ ms'; ls dFkkvksa osQ ladyu osQ :i esa iprU=k dh jpuk dh FkhA blesa
fe=kHksn] fe=klEizkfIr] dkdksyd
w h;] yC/iz.kk'k rFkk vijhf{kr&dkjd_ bu ikp [k.Mksa
esa oqQy 70 dFkk, rFkk 900 'yksd gSAa 'yksdksa esa izk;% roZQiw.kZ uhfr'yksd iz;Dq r
gSAa iprU=k dk vuqokn prqFkZ 'krkCnh osQ vklikl bZjku dh igyoh Hkk"kk esa gqvk
FkkA blh osQ vk/kj ij fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa blosQ vusd vuqokn gq,A
^dkdksyd
w h;e~* iprU=k dk r`rh; rU=k gSA bldk uke dkd vkSj mywd dh
eq[; dFkk osQ dkj.k iM+k gSA
O;kdj.ke~
vO;; & vO;; laLr esa nks izdkj osQ 'kCn gS&a fodkjh rFkk vfodkjhA fodkjh
'kCn ifjorZu'khy gSAa laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;k 'kCn fodkjh gSAa tSl&s ckyd%]
l%] 'kqDy%] xPNfrA vfodkjh 'kCn vO;; dgykrs gSAa buosQ :i dHkh ugha cnyrsA
tSl&s v=k] v/quk] vfiA

fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es
Jqrk

11

vO;;ksa osQ Hkh :< vkSj ;kSfxd nks :i feyrs gSAa :< vO;;ksa osQ [k.M ugha
gksrs tSl&s p] vfi] ok] rq] [kyq] u bR;kfnA ;kSfxd vO;;ksa osQ [k.M gksrs gSa ;s r~]
rfr ;k lekl osQ :i esa gksrs gSAa r~ ls cus vO;; gS&a xRok] xUrqe~ bR;kfnA rfr
ls cus vO;; gS&a loZFkk] ,dnk] r=k] bRFke~] dFke~ bR;kfnA lekl osQ :i esa vO;;
gS&a izfrfnue~] ;Fkk'kfDr bR;kfnA
izLrqr ikB esa dnkfpr~] brLrr% (br% $ rr%)] u] n`"V~ok] uwue~] vfi] rfgZ]
v=k] ,o (v=kSo)] HkwRok] bfr] p] cfg%] vgks] ,oe~] fofpUR;] lg] rnk] ;fn] vFk]
JqRok] lnk] ijUrq (ije~ $ rq)] izfo';] lglk] dnkfi (dnk $ vfi) ;s vO;; gSAa
budh mi;ZDq r dksfV;ksa esa igpku dh tk ldrh gSA

#fpjk
12

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

r`rh;% ikB%

HkxonTtqde~
HkxonTtqde~ laLr dk ,d izfl izglu gSA blosQ jpf;rk cks/k;u dgs x;s gSAa
blesa olUrlsuk uked xf.kdk viuh lsfodk ijHk`frdk osQ lkFk m|ku esa fogkj osQ
fy, vkrh gSA mldk izes h jkfeyd mlls feyus ogk vkrk gSA blh chp ;e osQ }kjk
Hkstk x;k nwr ftls olUrlsuk uke dh fdlh vU; L=kh osQ izk.k ys tkuk gS] liZ
cudj xyrh ls bl olUrlsuk dks Ml ysrk gS vkSj mldk tho ysdj ;eyksd pyk
tkrk gSA
blh m|ku esa ,d ifjozktd (laU;klh) vius f'k"; osQ lkFk vk;s gq, gSAa
olUrlsuk dks e`r ns[kdj f'k"; 'kkf.MY; nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA rc ifjozktd ;ksx ls
viuk tho xf.kdk dh dk;k esa izo's k djk nsrs gSAa xf.kdk thfor gks tkrh gSA mkj
xyr tho ykus ij ;ejkt ;eiq#"k dks MkV&MiVdj okil Hkstrs gSAa m|ku esa
okil vkdj ;eiq#"k ns[krk gS fd ftl xf.kdk osQ izk.k og ys x;k Fkk og laU;klh
dh rjg lcdks mins'k ns jgh gSA rc ;eiq#"k laU;klh osQ [ksy dks vkxs c<+kus osQ
fy, xf.kdk dk tho laU;klh osQ nsg esa Mky nsrk gSA xf.kdk laU;klh dh rjg
cksyrh gS] laU;klh xf.kdk dh rjg& bl myV isQj ls bl ukVd esa ,d folaxr
gkL;iw.kZ ,oa jkspd fLFkfr cu tkrh gSA

udkjkUriqf Yy%

(rr% izfo'kfUr ,dr% ifjozktdL; thosu vkfo"Vk olUrlsuk] psVh] jkfeyd'p_

ifjozktdL; futhZonsgus lg f'k";% 'kkf.MY;% vijr% vU;;k psV~;k lg oS|%)
oS|%
& oqQ=k lk\
psVh
& ,"kk [kyq vTtqdk u rkor~ lofLFkrkA

HkxonTtqde~

13
12

oS|%
psVh
oS|%

&
&
&

xf.kdk &
oS|%
&
jkfeyd% &
oS|%

&

;eiq#"k% &

vjs b;a lis.Z k n"VkA

dFkek;ksZ tkukfr\
egkUra fodkja djksrhfrA
fo"krU=ke~
vkjHks A
oq Q .My&oq Q fVyxkfefu!
e.Mya iz f o'k iz f o'kA
oklqfdiq=k! fr"B fr"BA
Jw JwA vga rs fljkoska
dfj";kfeA oqQ=k oqQBkfjdkA
ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA
fikeI;fLrA vga rs fika okra
diaQ p uk'k;kfeA
Hkks%! f;rka ;Ru%A u
[kYorKk o;e~A
xqfydk% vku;kfeA
(fu"kUr%)
(rr% izfo'kfr ;eiq#"k%)
Hkks%! HkfRlZrksga ;esuA
u lk olUrlsus;a f{kiza r=kSo uh;rke~A
vU;k olUrlsuk ;k {kh.kk;qLrkfegku;AA
;konL;k''kjhjefXula;ksxa u Lohdjksfr rkoRlizk.kkesuka djksfeA
(foyksD;) v;s! mfRFkrk [kfYo;e~A Hkks! fdUuq [kfYone~A
vL;k thoks ee djs mfRFkrS"kk ojkukA
vk'p; ijea yksoQs Hkqfo iwo u n`';rsAA
(loZrksoyksD;)

14

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

ifjozktd%&
'kkf.MY;% &
ifjozktd%&
jkfeyd% &
'kkf.MY;% &
ifjozktd%&

HkxonTtqde~

v;s! v;e=kHkoku~ ;ksxh ifjozktd% hMfrA fdfenkuha dfj";sA Hkorq]

n`"Ve~A vL;k xf.kdk;k vkRekua ifjozktd'kjhjs U;L; voflrs deZf.k
;FkkLFkkua fofu;kst;kfeA
(rFkk Rok fu"kUr%)
(mRFkk; xf.kdk;k% Lojs.k) ijHk`frosQ! ijHk`frosQ!
vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A
oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A
HkxoUu;efLeA
Hkxou~ fdfene~\ #nzk{kxzg.kksfpr% okegLr% 'k~[koy;iwfjr bo
es izfrHkkfrA uSo uSoA
jkfeyd! vkfy eke~A
(rr% izfo'kfr oS|%)

15
14

oS|%
psVh
oS|%

& xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A mnde~ mnde~A

& bne~ mnde~A
& xqfydk% vo?k^;kfeA

xf.kdk

& (laU;kflu% Lojs.k) ew[kZ oS|! tkukfl dresu lis.Z k b;a L=kh
n"Vk\
& vjs] b;a izrs us vkfo"VkA
& 'kkL=ka tkukfl\
& vFk fde~\
& czfw g oS|'kkL=ke~A
& 'k`.kksrq HkorhA
okfrdk% iSfkdk'pSo 'ySf"edk'p egkfo"kk%A
=khf.k likZ HkoUR;s r s prq F kks Z ukf/xE;rs A A

oS|%
xf.kdk
oS|%
xf.kdk
oS|%

16

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

xf.kdk
oS|%
xf.kdk
oS|%
xf.kdk

&
&
&
&
&

oS|%

&

;eiq#"k% &
xf.kdk &
;eiq#"k% &
ifjozktd%&

v;ei'kCn%A =k;% likZ bfr oDrO;e~A ^=khf.k* uiql

a oaQ HkofrA
vjs] vjs! b;a oS;kdj.klis.Z k [kkfnrk HkosrA~
fd;Urks fo"kosxk%\
fo"kosxk% 'kre~A
u u] lIr rs fo"kosxk%A r|FkkA
jksekpks eq[k'kks"k'p oSo.; pSo osiFkq%A
fgDdk o kl'p laeksg% lIrSrk fo"kfof;k%AA
u [kYoLekoaQ fo"k;%A ueks HkxoR;SA xPNkfe rkonge~A
(fu"kUr%)
(izfo';)
HkxoUeqP;rka xf.kdk;k% 'kjhje~A
vLrqA
;Fkk vL;k% thofofue;a Rok ;kongefi Lodk;Zeuqfr"BkfeA
(rFkk Rok fu"kUr%)
f'koeLrq loZtxrka ijfgrfujrk HkoUrq Hkwrx.kk%A
nks"kk% iz;kUrq uk'ka loZ=k lq[kh Hkorq yksd%AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
vTtqdk

&

,dr%
ifjozktdL;
thosu
vkfo"Vk
vijr%

&
&
&
&
&

HkxonTtqde~

lEekU; efgyk@xf.kdk osQ

fy;s laKk vkSj lacks/u
,d vksj
laU;klh dk
izk.k osQ lkFk
izfo"V gqbZ
nwljh vksj
17
16

18

psVh
lofLFkrk
n"Vk
fo"krU=ke~
vkjHks
oqQ.MyoqQfVyxkfefu!
e.Mye~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

fljkos/e~
oqQBkfjdk
fike~] okre~

&
&
&

f;rke~
;Ru%
vrKk
xqfydk%
fu"kUr%
HkfRlZr%
f{kize~
uh;rke~
{kh.kk;q% ({kh.k$vk;q%)
bg
vfXula;ksxe~
lizk.kke~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

nklh] ukSdjkuh
izk.k esa fLFkr
Ml yh x;h
>kM+&iwQd dks@fo"k Hkxkus dh fo|k dks
vkjEHk djrk gw@'kq: djrk gw
gs oqQ.My osQ leku Vs<+h pky okyh
vks>kvksa osQ }kjk lki idM+us osQ fy;s
i`Fohry ij cuk;h tkus okyh o`kkdkj
vkfr
ukM+h dkVuk
NksVh oqQYgkM+h
fik ,oa okr (ok;q) ls mRiUu gksus
okys jksx
djsa
Je] ifjJe] esgur
r?u
nokbZ dh xksfy;k
fudy x;k
MkVk x;k
'kh?kz
ys tk;sa
ftldh vk;q lekIr gks x;h gS
;gk
vkx ls la;ksx
izk.k lfgr dks
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

mfRFkrk

&

mB x;h

ojkuk (oj$vuk)
Hkqfo

&

Js"B ukjh

&

i`Foh ij

U;L;

&

j[kdj

voflrs

&

lekIr gksus ij

izR;kxrizk.k%

&

ftldk izk.k ykSV vk;k gS

'k~[koy;iwfjr

&

'k~[k fufeZr dM+k ls ;qDr

vo?k^;kfe

&

?kksaVrk gw@ihlrk gw

dresu

&

fdl

fd;Ur%

&

fdrus

eq[k'kks"k%

&

eqg dk lw[kuk

oSo.;Ze~

&

psgjs dk jax mM+uk

osiFkq%

&

dkiuk@didih

fgDdk

&

fgpdh

laeksg%

&

csgks'kh] ewPNkZ

fo"kosxk%

&

fo"k osQ izHkko

fo"kfof;k%

&

fo"k osQ fodkj

eqP;rke~

&

NksM+ nsa

mixE;

&

ikl tkdj

thofofue;e~

&

izk.k dh vnyk&cnyh

Hkwrx.kk%

&

izkf.kx.k

iz;kUrq

&

tk;sa

HkxonTtqde~

19
18

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) xf.kdk;k% uke fde~\
([k) ifjozktdL; f'k";% d% vklhr~\
(x) ;enwr% xf.kdk;k% thoa dL; 'kjhjs fun/kfr\
(?k) ijfgrfujrk osQ HkoUrq\
2- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
;Fkk & r=kSo
HkxoUu;e~
'okl'p

r=k
$ ,o
---------------- $ ------------------------------- $ ----------------

lIrSrk%

---------------- $ ------------------------------- $ ----------------

djksrhfr

---------------- $ ----------------

[kYorKk%

3- mnkgj.kkuqlkja vO;;inkfu fpuqr&

;Fkk & jk/k vfi u`R;frA
(d) Roa dnk x`ga xfe";flA
([k) v/quk d% le;%A
(x) egkRekxkU/h lnk lR;a onfr LeA
(?k) vga o % fo|ky;a xfe";kfeA
() bnkuha Roa 'yksoQa iBA

20

vfi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;kfr\

d%@dk

oaQ@dka izfr

(d) ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA

---------------- ----------------

([k) oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A

---------------- ----------------

(x) fo"kosxk% 'kre~A

---------------- ----------------

(?k) xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A

---------------- ----------------

() bne~ mnde~A

---------------- ----------------

(p) vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A

---------------- ----------------

5- foijhrkFkZdk% 'kCnk% ys[kuh;k%&

xq.kk%

----------------

Lohdkj%

----------------

nf{k.kgLr%

----------------

vuU;k

----------------

rK%

----------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------xqfydk%
oqQBkfjdk

&

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

f{kize~

&

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

;Ru%

&

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

yksosQ

&

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

HkxonTtqde~

21
20

7- mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

;Fkk&

ewy'kCnk%
f'kfYiu~
/fuu~
Kkfuu~
egokdkaf{ku~
cgqHkkf"ku~
nf.Mu~

opue~
izFkek&,dopus
f}rh;k&,dopus
r`rh;k&,dpus
f}rh;k&cgqopus
r`rh;k&cgqopus
f}rh;k&cgqopus

inkfu
f'kYih
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

*
*

i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%
liZ%
& Hkqtx%] O;ky%] fo"k/j% ph] vfg%] iouk'ku%] HkksxhA
yksd% & lalkj%] txr~] Hkqoue~] fo'oe~A
'kjhje~ & nsg%] ruq%] xk=ke~] oiq%] dk;%] foxzg%A
Hkw%
& /jk] i`Foh] /j.kh] vpyk] vuUrk] /fj=kh] olq/k] olqU/jk] olqerhA
f{kize~ & nzrq e~] 'kh?kze]~ Rofjre~] lRoje~] piye~] rw.kZe]~ vfoyfEcre~A
izglu :id dk Hksn gS tks gkL;jl iz/ku gksrk gSA HkxonTtqde~ laLr ukV~;
lkfgR; dk izfl izglu gSA ;g gekjs ns'k esa rFkk fons'kksa esa Hkh ewy laLr
rFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks dj fo'o osQ Js"B ukV~;funs'Z kdksa osQ funs'Z ku
esa eap ij vusd ckj [ksyk x;k gSA
bl izglu dk vfHku; osQjy osQ eafnjksa esa izkphu dky ls gh ikjaifjd :i ls
gksrk jgk gSA bldh nk'kZfud o vk;kfRed O;k[;k Hkh dh tkrh jgh gSA
jkf"V; ukV~; fo|ky; (,u~-,l~-Mh)] fnYyh osQ ikB~;e esa ;g Lohr gSA
nwjn'kZu /kjkokfgd osQ :i esa (lkr dfM+;ksa es)a Hkh bldk izlkj.k gks pqdk gSA

22

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

prqFkZ% ikB%

lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~

Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd
Z j osQ }kjk fojfpr izLrqr xhr esa pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djrs gq,
vkxs c<+us dk vkku fd;k x;k gSA blosQ iz.ksrk jk"Voknh dfo gSa vkSj bl xhr osQ
}kjk mUgksua s tkxj.k rFkk deZBrk dk lUns'k fn;k gSA

yksV&~ fof/fy~&iz;ksx%
py py iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~A
lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~AA
fxfjf'k[kjs uuq futfuosQrue~A
fouSo ;kua uxkjksg.ke~AA
cya Lodh;a Hkofr lk/ue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
ifFk ik"kk.kk fo"kek% iz[kjk%A
gk% i'ko% ifjrks ?kksjk%AA
lqn"q dja [kyq ;|fi xeue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA

lnSo iqjrks
fuksfg pj.ke~

tghfg Hkhr Hkt Hkt 'kfDre~A

fo/sfg jk"Vs rFkkuqjfDre~AA
oqQ# oqQ# lrra ;s;&Lej.ke~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA

23
22

'kCnkFkkZ%
iqjrks (iqjr%)
fu/sfg
fxfjf'k[kjs
futfudsrue~
fouSo (fouk$,o)
uxkjksg.ke~ (ux$vkjksg.ke~)
Lodh;e~
ifFk
ik"kk.kk%
fo"kek%
iz[kjk%
glzk%
ifjrks (ifjr%)
?kksjk%
lqnq"dje~
tghfg
Hkt
fo/sfg
vuqjfDre~
lrre~
;s;Lej.ke~
24

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vkxs
j[kks
ioZr dh pksVh ij
viuk fuokl
fcuk gh
ioZr ij p<+uk
viuk
ekxZ esa
iRFkj
vlkekU;
rh{.k] uqdhys
gld
pkjksa vksj
Hk;j] Hk;kud
vR;Ur dfBurkiwoZd lk;
NksM+ks@NksM+ nks
Hktks] tiks
djks
izse] Lusg
yxkrkj
ms'; (y{;) dk Lej.k
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- ikBs nka xhra lLoja xk;rA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d) Lodh;a lk/ua d Hkofr\
([k) ifFk osQ fo"kek% iz[kjk%\
(x) lrra d dj.kh;e~\
(?k) ,rL; xhrL; jpf;rk d%\
() l% dhn`'k% dfo% eU;rs\
3

etw"kkr% fozQ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fu/sfg

fo/sfg

tghfg

nsfg

Hkt

py

oqQ#

;Fkk&Roa iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA

(d) Roa fo|ky;a -----------------A
([k) jk"Vs vuqjfDra -----------------A
(x) eg~;a tya -----------------A
(?k) ew<! ----------------- /ukxer`".kke~A
() ----------------- xksfoUne~A
(p) lrra ;s;Lej.ka ----------------- A
lnSo iqjrks
fuksfg pj.ke~

25
24

4- etw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,o

[kyq

rFkk

ifjr%

iqjr%

lnk

fouk

(d) fo|ky;L; ----------------- ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA

([k) lR;e~ ----------------- t;rsA
(x) d Hkoku~ Lukua roku~ ----------------- \
(?k) l% ;Fkk fpUr;fr ----------------- vkpjfrA
() xzkea ----------------- o`{kk% lfUrA
(p) fo|ka ----------------- thoua o`FkkA
(N) ----------------- HkxoUra HktA
5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&

26

iqjr%

fojfDr%

Lodh;e~

vkxeue~

Hkhfr%

i`"Br%

vuqjfDr%

ijdh;e~

xeue~

lkgl%
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

6- yV~ydkjinsH;% yksV&~ fof/fy~ydkjinkuka fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

yV~ydkjs
yksV~ydkjs
fof/fy~ydkjs
;Fkk&iBfr
[ksyfl

iBrq
---------------

iBsr~
---------------

[kknfUr

---------------

---------------

fickfe

---------------

---------------

glr%

---------------

---------------

u;ke%

---------------

---------------

7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk & fxfjf'k[kj (lIreh&,dopus)

&

ifFku~ (lIreh&,dopus)

&

fxfjf'k[kjs
------------------

jk"V (prqFkhZ&,dopus)

&

------------------

ik"kk.k (lIreh&,dopus)

&

------------------

;ku (f}rh;k&cgqopus)

&

------------------

'kfDr (izFkek&,dopus)

&

------------------

i'kq (lIreh&cgqopus)

&

------------------

8- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk&iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA

vke~

(d) futfudsrua fxfjf'k[kjs vfLrA

([k) Lodh;a cya ck/oaQ HkofrA
lnSo iqjrks
fuksfg pj.ke~

27
26

(x) ifFk gk% i'ko% u lfUrA

(?k) xeua lqdje~ vfLrA
() lnSo vxzs ,o pyuh;e~A
9- okD;jpu;k vFkZHksna Li"VhoqQ#r&
ifjr%

iqjr%
ux%

ukx%
vkjksg.ke~

vojksg.ke~
fo"kek%

lek%

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
u xPNfr bfr ux%A

iru~ xPNrhfr iUux%A

mjlk xPNrhfr mjx%A

olq /kj;rhfr olq/kA

[ks (vkdk'ks) xPNfr bfr [kx%A ljrhfr liZ%A

MkW- Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd
Z j (1918&2005 bZ-) ukxiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa laLr foHkkx
osQ v;{k FksA mUgksua s laLr Hkk"kk esa dkO;] ukVd] xhr bR;kfn fo/kvksa dh vusd
jpuk, dhaA rhu [k.Mksa esa laLr&ok~e;&dks'k dk Hkh mUgksua s lEiknu fd;kA mudh
jpukvksa esa ^f'kojkT;ksn;e~* egkdkO; ,oa ^foosdkuUnfot;e~* ukVd lqifz l gSAa
izLrqr xhr esa iT>fVdk NUn dk iz;ksx gSA bl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa 16
ek=kk, gksrh gSAa fgUnh esa bls pkSikbZ dgk tkrk gSA

28

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

ipe% ikB%

/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~

^/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~* (/je esa /Ddk] iki esa iq.;) e;izn's k osQ fM.Mksjh fkys
esa ij/kuksa osQ chp izpfyr yksddFkk gSA ;g dFkk iprU=k dh 'kSyh esa jfpr gSA
bl dFkk esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd ladV esa iM+us ij Hkh prqjkbZ ,oa izR;qRiUUkefrRo
ls mlls fudyk tk ldrk gSA

dkjkUr&L=khfy%
vklhr~ df'pr~ ppyks uke O;k/%A if{ke`xknhuka xzg.ksu l% Loh;ka thfodka
fuokZ g ;fr LeAA ,dnk l% ous tkya foLrh;Z
x`ge~ vkxroku~A vU;fLeu~ fnols
izkr%dkys ;nk ppy% oua xroku~
rnk l% n`"Voku~ ;r~ rsu foLrkfjrs
tkys nkSH kkZ X ;kn~ ,d% O;k?kz %
c% vklhr~A lksfpUr;r~] ^O;k?kz%
eka [kkfn";fr vr,o iyk;ua
dj.kh;e~A* O;k?kz% U;osn;r~&^Hkks
ekuo! dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ;fn Roa
eka ekspf;";fl rfgZ vga ROkka u
gfu";kfeA* rnk l% O;k/% O;k?kza
tkykr~ cfg% fujlkj;r~A O;k?kz%
DykUr% vklhr~A lksonr~] ^Hkks
/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~

29

ekuo! fiiklq% vge~A u|k% tyekuh; ee fiiklka 'ke;A

O;k?kz% tya ihRok iqu% O;kkeonr~] ^'kkUrk es fiiklkA
lkEizra cqHkqf{krksfLeA bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA*
ppy% mDroku~] ^vga RoRrs keZe~ vkpfjroku~A
Ro;k feF;k Hkf.kre~A Roa eka [kkfnrqe~ bPNfl\
O;k?kz% vonr~] ^vjs ew[kZ! /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a
Hkofr ,oA i`PN defiA*
ppy% unhtye~ vi` P Nr~ A
unhtye~ vonr~] ^,oeso Hkofr] tuk%
ef; Lukua oqQoZfUr] oL=kkf.k iz{kky;fUr
rFkk p ey&ew=kkfnoaQ fol`T; fuorZUrs]
vr% /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
ppy% o`{ke~ mixE; vi`PNr~A
o`{k% vonr~] ^ekuok% vLekoaQ Nk;k;ka
fojefUrA vLekoaQ iQykfu [kknfUr] iqu%
oqQBkjS% izR; vLeH;a loZnk d"Va nnfrA
;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA /esZ /eua ikis
iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
lehis ,dk yksef'kdk cnjh&xqYekuka
i`"Bs fuyhuk ,rka okrk J`.kksfr LeA lk lglk ppyeqil`R;
dFk;fr&dk okrkZ\ eke~ vfi foKki;A l% vonr~&vgg ekr`Lol%! voljs
Roa lekxrorhA e;k vL; O;k?kzL; izk.kk% jf{krk%] ije~ ,"k% ekeso [kkfnrqe~
bPNfrA rnuUrja l% yksef'kdk;S fuf[kyka dFkka U;osn;r~A

30

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

yksef'kdk ppye~ vdFk;r~&ck<e~] Roa tkya izlkj;A iqu% lk O;k?kze~

vonr~&osQu izdkjs.k Roe~ ,rfLeu~ tkys c% bfr vga izR;{ka nz"VqfePNkfeA
O;k?kz% rn~ o`kkUra izn'kZf;rqa rfLeu~
tkys iz k fo'kr~ A yks e f'kdk iq u %
vdFk;r~&lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua
Rok n'kZ;A l% rFkSo lekpjr~A
vukjra owQnZuus l% JkUr% vHkor~A
tkys c% l% O;k?kz % DykUr%
lu~ fu%lgk;ks HkwRok r=k virr~
izk.kfHk{kkfeo p v;kprA yksef'kdk
O;k?kze~ vonr~ ^lR;a Ro;k Hkf.kre~*
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ rq Hkofr ,oA* tkys iqu% ra ca n`"V~ok l% O;k/% izlUuks
HkwRok x`ga izR;korZrA

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a uk] /Ddk] ozQw jrkiw.kZ dk;Z

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&

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ekspf;";fl

&

eqDr djksx@s NqMk+ vksxs

/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~

31

32

fujlkj;r~ (fu%$vlkj;r~)

&

fudkyk

DykUr%

&

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fiiklq%

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mixE;

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oqQBkjS%

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#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

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&
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vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mRrja fy[kr&
(d) O;k/L; uke fde~ vklhr~\
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(x) foLr`rs tkys d% c% vklhr~A
(?k) cnjh&xqYekuka i`"Bs dk fuyhuk vklhr~\
() vukjra owQnZuus d% JkUr% vHkor~\
2- laLrsu mkjr&
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(x) tya ihRok O;k?kz% fde~ vonr~\
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() tkys iqu% ca O;k?kza n`"V~ok O;k/% fde~ vdjksr\~

/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~

33

3- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr&

;Fkk & bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA
(d) dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA

d%@dk
O;k?kz%
------------

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------------

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(?k) ;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA

------------

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() lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua Rok n'kZ;A

------------

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4- lfU/a Rok fy[kr&

e`x $ vknhuke~
rFkk $ ,o
oqQ=k $ vfi
cqHkqf{kr% $ vfLe
izfr $ vk $ vorZr

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,dopue~
;Fkk& ekr` (izFkek)
ekrk
----------Lol` (izFkek)
ekr` (r`rh;k)
Lol` (r`rh;k)
Lol` (lIreh)
ekr` (lIreh)

34

f}opue~
ekrjkS
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----------#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

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ekr` ("k"Bh)

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-----------

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-----------

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6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&

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c% vHkor~A l% cgqi;z kla ------------------- fdUrq tkykr~ eqDr%
ukHkor~A ------------------- r=k ,d% ew"kd% lekxPNr~A ca O;k?kza
------------------- l% re~ vonr~&vgks! Hkoku~ tkys c%A vga
ROkka ------------------- bPNkfeA rPNRqz ok O;k?kz% --------------vonr~&vjs!
Roa {kqn%z tho% ee lgk;a dfj";flA ;fn Roa eka ekspf;";fl
-------------------vga Roka u gfu";kfeA ew"kd% ------------------- y?kqnUrS%
rTtkya ------------------- Rok ra O;k?kza cfg% roku~A
7- /kraq izR;;a p fy[kr&
inkfu

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/esZ /eua ikis

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xe~
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-------------- $ -------------

35

dj.kh;
ikrqe~
[kkfnrqe~
Rok

-----------------------------------------------------

$
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-------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
ij/ku vkSj mudh dykijEijk&ij/ku eq[;r% xkSMa jktkvksa dh oa'kkoyh vkSj
dFkk osQ xk;d FksA xkSMa jkT; osQ lekIr gksus ij ;s xk;d viuh xk;h tkus okyh
dFkkvksa ij fp=k cukus yxsA bl leqnk; dh dFkkvksa vkSj fp=kdyk osQ ckjs esa vkSj
vf/d tkuus osQ fy, iqLrd ^tux<+ dye* (oU;k izdk'ku] Hkksiky) ns[kh
tk ldrh gSA izLrqr dFkk osQ ladyu&drkZ fgUnh osQ lqifz l ys[kd Jh mn;u
oktis;h gSAa
yksddFkkvksa esa thou dh jax&fcjaxh rLohj feyrh gSA fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd
yksddFkk, fdlh ,d Hkk"kk ;k bykosQ rd lhfer ugha jgrhaA mUgsa dgus okys
txg&txg ?kwers gSa blfy, :i vkSj o.kZu esa gsjisQj osQ lkFk nwljh txgksa esa Hkh
fey tkrh gSAa {ks=k fo'ks"k dh laLfr dh >yd mudks vuwBk cukrh gSA LFkku vkSj
dky osQ vuqlkj yksddFkkvksa dh ubZ&ubZ O;k[;k, gksrh jgrh gSAa bl e esa muesa
ifjorZu Hkh gksrk gSA

36

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

"k"B% ikB%

izseyL; izseY;k'p dFkk

izLrqr dgkuh f'k{kkfon~ fxtq HkkbZ (1885&1939) dh jpuk ^iseyk iseyh dh
dgkuh* dk vuqokn gSA xqtjkr osQ Hkkouxj osQ fo|ky; esa i<+krs gq, mUgksua s cky
f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa vusd iz;ksx fd,A yEck le; xqtj tkus osQ ckotwn muosQ fopkj
izklfd
gaAS bl dgkuh esa ,d efgyk ?kjsyw dkeksa dks iwjk djus dh viuh ikjEifjd
Hkwfedk dks oko~Q pkrq;Z ls cnyus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA

milxZ% izR;;p
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x`gekxPNr~] izseyha pkonr~& izsefy! v| [kyq Hk`'ka JkUrksfLeA ea tye~
m".ka Rok nsfgA vga LukRok rfLeu~ tys pj.kkS LFkki;kfeA rsu ee JkfUr%
vixfe";frA
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vkxPNr~A iqu% izes yhe~ vi`PNr~& bnkuha fde~\
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vi`PNr~& vxsz d djokf.k\ izes yh vdFk;r~& ;kor~ pqYyh lE;o~Q u Toyfr]
rkor~ iwQRoqQ#] fdeU;r~\ izes ysu pqYyh lE;o~Q izTokfyrkA vFk p vi`PNr~& vkquk
fde~ djokf.k\ izes yh vonr~& ?kVkr~ g.M~;ka tya iwj;A rr% g.Mha pqY;ke~ mifj
LFkki;A
izseyL;
izseY;k'p
dFkk

37
36

izsey% g.Mha pqY;ke~ vLFkki;r~A fdfpr~ dkykuUrja p iqu% izseyhe~

vi`PNr~& bnkuha d djokf.k\ izseyh vonr~ fdeU;r~] g.Mhe~ vorkj;A

g.Mheork;Z izes y% i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh onfr&v/quk g.Mha Lukux`gs LFkki;A

izes y% g.Mha Lukux`gs fu/k; i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh fujfn'kr~&lEizfr Lukua oqQ#A
izes y% LUkkRok vi`PNr~&vkquk d dj.kh;e~\
izes yh vonr~& bnkuha g.Mha ;FkkLFkkua fu/sfgA izes y% g.Mha laLFkkI; 'kjhja
gLrsu laLi`'; vdFk;r~& vjs] dhn`'ka iq"ifeo 'kjhja y?kq tkre~A ;fn Roa izfrfnua
,oeso tye~ m".ka Rok ea nnkfl rfgZ fd;r~ 'kksHkua HkosrA~ izes yh vonr~& fdega
u bfr dFk;kfe\ ijUrq v=k dL; vkyL;e~\ izes y% vonr~& vkyL;a rq eeSoA
ije~ vxzs vkYkL;a u dfj";kfeA
izes yh vonr~& vLrq! lEizfr vkoka Hkkstua oqQoZ%A
38

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%
dk"BPNsnsu
[kyq
LukRok
JkfUr%
vixfe";fr
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lE;o~Q
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fdruk

39
38

vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) izes y% oQFka JkUr% vklhr~\
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(x) izes y% dkfu izkToky;r~\
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() izes yh dL; iRuh vklhr~\
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milx fpRok i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&
;Fkk&vixfe";kfr

vorkj;

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k /krqa izR;;a p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

inkfu

/krq%

(d) ;Fkk & xRok

Rok

40

izR;;%

xe~
--------------

$
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--------------

Hk`Rok
LukRok

---------------------------

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--------------------------#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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4- etw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fudVs

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

onfr

--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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--------------

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dFkk

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ruq%

41
40

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja milx f;kina p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

;Fkk & izkpyr~

iz
$ vpyr~
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6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukekuqlkja fy[kr&

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(?k) l% ?kVs tyeHkjr~A
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&
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pwYgk

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--------------

42

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

lIre% ikB%

tyokfguh
izLrqr xhr Hkkstiqjh yksdxhr dk vuqokn gSA vuqoknd yC/&izfr"B ,oa
vUrkjkf"V;[;kfr&izkIr izk-s jkedj.k 'kekZ gSAa blesa xko dh ikuh Hkjus okyh L=kh dk
fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA og oqQ, ls ?kM+s esa ty Hkjdj ykrh gSA ty ykrs le; mlosQ
eu esa vkus okys vusdHkkoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kiz;ksx%
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foyfi";fr x`gs cky%A
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e;ku~ vkd.;Z ukxfjdk%A
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Lrys rL;kfLr ikuh;e~A
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djsI;kLrs egkLiQksV%AA Hkfj";k--------tyokfguh

43
42

'kCnkFkkZ%
tyokfguh
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(Hkfj";kfe$vkgfj";kfe)
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(egkyEc%$rys)
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ruq%
44

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r`rh;ks Hkkx%

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45
44

5- lekukFkZdkfu inkfu esy;r&

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;Fkk&

46

inkfu

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(d) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------([k) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------(x) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------(?k) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------() ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tyokfguh

47
46

8- vUo;a oqQ#r&
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Hkosnknz lfyyosx%S A
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ik;y osQ lcn lqfu tkxs lkjh uxjhAA dr fnuikrj oqQb;k irkys esa ikuh
[khafp [khafp xxjh gFksyh iM+s iQiQjhAA dr fnufuEufyf[kr xhr dk vH;kl dj ifBr xhr ls blosQ HkkolkE; dks lef>;s&
iUFkk% fifPNy%
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
v;a y?kqy?kqinSe;Zs ksuqu;s !s uSo oyuh;%AA
b;a ify
k ohFkh Hk;j h ro ukfLr ;krO;k]
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vekxZ'pkcySyksd
Z ks onfr df'pUu J;.kh;%A
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A

48

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

ins LFkx;fr fojefojesfr dFk;fr

izrh;r vkfy! d uq onkfu n;a
fu/s;fena o'ksoljks u gs;ks;a u
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u

n`';efHkrks ;r~]
ppqja fopyr~]
oj.kh;%A
pyuh;%A

eufl u`R;Lojks en;fr Nfefr Nwe~ Nwe~ Nuu&Nwfefr]

r`"kk ;k;kprs eq[kjk iz'kferk ukfLe ukHkwfefr]
foe`'k d deo/h;ZeFkks uq d% d'pkuqlj.kh;%A
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
egkjktnhuik.Ms;%
fifPNy% & fiQlyus okyk
ppqje~ & vR;Ur prqj (vFkok fo'ks"kK)
oyuh;% & bBykdj pyus yk;d
;k;kprs & ckj&ckj ekx jgh gS

tyokfguh

49
48

v"Ve% ikB%

lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%
izLrqr ikB vuqie feJ dh fr vkt Hkh
uk;d uked v;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa
dkS'ky ,oa f'kYi osQ /uh xt/j osQ lEcU/
ekuo fufeZr rkykc] ckoM+h tSls fuekZ.kksa dks
esa fpf=kr fd;k gSA

[kjs gSa rkykc osQ lalkj lkxj osQ

foyqIr gksrs tk jgs ikjEifjd Kku]
esa ppkZ dh x;h gSA ikuh osQ fy,
ys[kd us ;gk lalkj lkxj osQ :i

osQ vklu~ rs vKkrukeku%\

'kr'k% lg'k% rMkxk% lglSo 'kwU;kr~ u izdVhHkwrk%A bes ,o rMkxk% v=k
lalkjlkxjk% bfrA ,rs"kke~ vk;kstuL; usiF;s
fuekZif;r.kke~ ,dde~] fuekZr .kka p
n'kde~ vklhr~A ,rr~ ,doaQ n'koaQ p
vkgR; 'kroaQ lga ok jp;r% LeA
ija foxrs"kq f}'kro"ks"Z kq uwruiR;k lektsu
;fRdfpr~ ifBre~A ifBrsu rsu lektsu
,doaQ n'koaQ lgoQp bR;srkfu 'kwU;s
,o ifjofrZrkfuA vL; uwrulektL;
eufl b;efi ftKklk uSo mn~Hkwrk ;n~
vLekRiwoeZ ~ ,rkor% rMkxku~ osQ jp;fUr
LeA ,rkn`'kkfu dk;kZf.k drq KkuL; ;ks
50

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

uwru% izfofk% fodflr%] rsu izfof/ukfi iwo lEikfnre~ ,rRdk; ekif;raq u

osQukfi iz;frre~A
v| ;s vKkrukeku% orZUrs] iqjk rs cgqifz Fkrk% vklu~A v'ks"ks fg ns'ks rMkxk%
fuehZ;Urs Le] fuekZrkjksfi v'ks"ks ns'ks fuolfUr LeA
xt/j% bfr lqUnj% 'kCn% rMkxfuekZr. kka lknja Lej.kkFkZeA~ jktLFkkuL; osQ"kqfpn~
Hkkxs"kq 'kCnks;e~ v|kfi izpyfrA d% xt/j%\ ;% xtifjek.ka kkj;fr l xtkj%A
xtifjek.ke~ ,o ekiudk;sZ mi;qT;rsA lekts
f=kgLr& ifjek.kkfRedha ykSg;f"Va gLrs x`ghRok
pyUr% xt/jk% bnkuha f'kfYi:is.k uSo
lekn`rk% lfUrA xt/j%] ;% lektL; xkEHkh;
eki;sr~ bR;fLeu~ :is ifjfpr%A
xt/jk% okLrq d kjk% vklu~ A dkea
xzkeh.klektks Hkorq ukxjlektks ok rL;
uo&fuekZ.kL; lqj{kkizcU/uL; p nkf;Roa
xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA uxjfu;kstukr~
y?kqfuekZ.ki;ZUra lokZf.k dk;kZf.k ,rs"oso
vkk`rkfu vklu~A rs ;kstuka izLrqUofUr Le]
HkkfoO;;e~ vkdy;fUr Le] midj.kHkkjku~
lax` fUr LeA izfrnkus rs u rn~ ;kpUrs Le ;n~ nkrqa rs"kka Lokfeu% vlEkFkkZ%
Hkos;%q A dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xtkjsH;% lEekuefi iznh;rs LeA
ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A

lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%

51

'kCnkFkkZ%

52

lglSo (lglk$,o)

&

vdLekr~] vpkud

izdVhHkwrk%

&

izdV gq,] fn[kkbZ fn,

usiF;s

&

insZ osQ ihNs

rMkxk%

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rkykc

fuekZif;r.kke~

&

cuokus okyksa dh

fuekZr.kke~

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cukus okyksa dh

,dde~

&

bdkbZ

n'kde~

&

ngkbZ

'krde~

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r`rh;ks Hkkx%

fuekZrkj%

&

cukus okys

xt/j%

&

xt (yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ] xgjkbZ] eksVkbZ

ekius dh yksgs dh NM+) dks /kj.k
djus okyk O;fDr

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&

rkykc cukus okyksa osQ

f=kgLrifjek.kkfRedhe~

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rhu gkFk osQ uki dh

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lekn`rk%

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&

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&

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&

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&

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izfrnkus

&

cnys esa

;kpUrs Le

&

ekxrs Fks

vfrfjP;

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lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%

53

vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) dL; jkT;L; Hkkxs"kq xt/j% 'kCn% iz;Tq ;rs\
([k) xtifjek.ka d% /kj;fr\
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xt/jsH;% d iznh;rs Le\
(?k) osQ f'kfYi:is.k u lekn`rk% HkofUr\
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) rMkxk% oqQ=k fuehZ;Urs Le\
([k) xt/jk% dfLeu~ :is ifjfprk%\
(x) xt/jk% d oqQoZfUr Le\
(?k) osQ lEekuuh;k%\
3- js[kkfr kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'u&fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) lqj{kkizcU/uL; nkf;Roa xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA
([k) rs"kka Lokfeu% vleFkkZ% lfUrA
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; lEekuefi izkIuqofUrA
(?k) xt/j% lqUnj% 'kCn% vfLrA
() rMkxk% lalkjlkxjk% dF;UrsA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;Fkkisf{kra lU/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) v| $ vfi
--------------([k) ---------- $ --------- Lej.kkFkZe~
(Xk) bfr $ vfLeu~
--------------(?k) ---------- $ --------- ,rs"oso
() lglk $ ,o
--------------54

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

5- etw"kkr% leqfprkfu inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

jp;fUr

x`ghRok

lglk

ftKklk

lg

(d) Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu -------------------- fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) ekykdkjk% iq"iS% ekyk% --------------------------------A
(x) ee eufl ,dk ------------------------------- orZrAs
(?k) jes'k% fe=kS% ----------------- fo|ky;a xPNfrA
() ---------------------- ckfydk r=k vglrA
6- infuekZ.ka oqQq #r&
/krq%
;Fkk&

;Fkk&

;Fkk&

lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%

izR;;%

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rqequ~

drZqe~
-------------

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-------------

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-------------

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mixE;
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uh

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-----------------

iz

nk

Y;i~

----------------55

7- dks"BosQ"kq nks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& fo|ky;a ifjr% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
(d) -------------------- mHk;r% xzkek% lfUrA (xzke)
([k) -------------------- loZr% v^kfydk% lfUrA (uxj)
(x) f/o~Q --------------------A (dkiq#"k)
;Fkk& e`xk% e`x%S lg /kofUrA (e`x)
(d) ckydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
([k) iq=k -------------------- lg vki.ka xPNfrA (fir`)
(x) f'k'kq% -------------------- lg hMfrA (ekr`)

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
vuqie feJ&ty laj{k.k osQ ikjaifjd Kku dks lekt osQ lkeus ykus dk Js; ftu
yksxksa dks gS Jh vuqie feJ (tUe 1948) muesa vxzx.; gSAa ^vkt Hkh [kjs gSa
rkykc* vkSj ^jktLFkku dh jtr cwn *sa ikuh ij mudh cgqi'z kaflr iqLroaQs gSAa

Hkk"kk&foLRkkj%
dkjd
lkekU; :i ls nks izdkj dh foHkfDr;k gksrh gSAa
1- dkjd foHkfDr 2- miin foHkfDrA
dkjd fpg~uksa osQ vk/kj ij tgk inksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls dkjd foHkfDr dgrs
gSAa fdUrq fdUgha fo'ks"k inksa osQ dkj.k tgk dkjd fpksa dh mis{kk dj fdlh fo'ks"k

56

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls miin foHkfDr dgrs gS]a tSl&s

loZr% vfHkr%] ifjr%] f/o~Q vkfn inksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) fo|ky;a ifjr% iq"ikf.k lfUrA
([k) f/o~Q ns'knzkfs g.ke~A
lg] lkde~] lkZe]~ lea osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) tuosQu lg iq=k% xr%A
([k) nqtuZ us lea l[;e~A
ue%] LofLr] Lokgk] Lo/k osQ ;ksx esa prqFkhZ foHkfDr iz;Dq r gksrh gS&
mnk & (d) ns'kHkDrk; ue%A
([k) ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
(x) tusH;% LofLrA
vye~ 'kCn osQ nks vFkZ gS&a i;kZIr ,oa er (okj.k osQ vFkZ es)a A i;kZIr osQ vFkZ esa
prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gS tSl&s ns'knzkfs g.ks vya ns'kj{kdk%A
euk djus osQ vFkZ esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gS] tSl&s vya fooknsuA
fouk osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k] r`rh;k ,oa ipeh foHkfDr;k gksrh gSa] tSls&ifjJea@
ifjJes.k@ifjJekr~ fouk u xfr%A
fuEufyf[kr f;kvksa osQ ,dopu cukus dk iz;kl djs&a
vkdy;fUr] lax`fUr] izLrqUofUrA
ftKklk&tkuus dh bPNkA blh izdkj osQ vU; 'kCn gS&a fiiklk] ftfXe"kk] foo{kk] cqHkw{kkA

Hkko&foLrkj%
vxj ge ;ku ls ns[ksa rks gekjs pkjksa rjiQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fofo/ :i fn[kkbZ
nsrs gSAa blesa oqQN Kku vkSj dkS'ky iQyrs&iwQyrs gSa vkSj dbZ fujarj {kh.k gksrs gSAa

lalkjlkxjL;
uk;dk%

57

blosQ dbZ mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSAa ikuh dk O;oLFkkiu laj{k.k vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h dk
ikjaifjd rkSj&rjhdk] f'kYi rFkk dkjhxjh dk Kku nqyHZ k vkSj foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj
ij gSA ogha vfHk;kfU=kdh ,oa lapkj ls lacfa /r Kku u, mHkkj ij gSAa njvly fdl
rjg dk Kku vkSj dkS'ky vkxs fodflr vkSj izxfq .kr gksxk vkSj fdl rjg dk Kku
,oa dkS'ky fiNM+xs k] foyqIr gksus osQ fy, foo'k gksxk ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk
gS fd ns'k vkSj lekt fdl rjg osQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fodkl esa viuk Hkfo";
lqjf{kr ,oa lq[ke; ekurk gSA

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
vkus okyh Nqf^;ksa esa vius vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ mu ikjaifjd Kku ,oa dkS'kyksa dk
irk yxk, ftudk LFkku lekt esa vc fujarj ?kV jgk gSA mUgsa dksbZ mfpr izkRs lkgu
ugha fey jgk gS ;k os foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gSAa mudh ,d lwph Hkh rS;kj djsa
vkSj muosQ fy, iz;Dq r gksus okys laLr 'kCn fy[ksAa vius vkSj vius fe=kksa }kjk
rS;kj dh xbZ vyx&vyx lwfp;ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, bu ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa osQ
foyqIr gksus osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk,A

58

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

uoe% ikB%

lIrHkfxU;%
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x;h gSA bu jkT;ksa dk izkfrd lkSUn;Z vR;Ur foy{k.k gSA bUgha osQ lkaLfrd vkSj
lkekftd oSf'k"V~; dks ;ku esa j[kdj izLrqr ikB dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSA

izR;;%
v;kfidk
Nk=kk%
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v;kfidk
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HkorqA v| d iBuh;e~\
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'kksHkue~A onrA vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
prqfo'kfr% egksn;s!
u fg u fg egkHkkxs! ipo'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA
vU;% dksfi----\
(e;s ,o) egksn;s! es Hkfxuh dFk;fr ;nLekoaQ ns'ks
v"Vko'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA ,rnfrfjP; lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk%
vfi lfURkA
lE;Xtkukfr rs HkfxuhA Hkorq] vfi tkuhFk ;w;a ;nsr"s kq jkT;s"kq
lIrjkT;kuke~ ,d% leok;ksfLr ;% lIrHkfxU;% bfr ukEuk
izfFkrksfLrA
59

losZ

&

(lk'p;Ze~ ijLija i';Ur%) lIrHkfxU;%\ lIrHkfxU;%\

fudksyl%

&

bekfu jkT;kfu lIrHkfxU;% bfr fdeFk dF;Urs\

v;kfidk

&

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rkfu jkT;kfu\

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lIrjkT;lewgks;a HkfxuhlIroaQ eue~AA
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ef.kiqje~] fetksje%] es?kky;%] uxkyS.M%] f=kiqjk psfrA ;|fi
{ks=kifjek.kS% bekfu y?kwfu orZUrs rFkkfi xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k c`gkjkf.k
izrh;UrsA

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bek% lIrHkfxU;% Loh;s izkphusfrgkls izk;% Lok/huk% ,o

n`"Vk%A u osQukfi 'kklosQu bek% Lok;khrk%A vusd&
laLfr&fof'k"Vk;ka HkkjrHkwekS ,rklka Hkfxuhuka laLfr%
egokkkf;uh bfrA

rUoh

&

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v;kfidk

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jkT;kuka iqu% l~?kVua fofgre~A

Lojk

&

vU;r~ fdefi oSf'k"V~;efLr ,rs"kke~\

60

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

v;kfidk

&

jktho%

&

v;kfidk

&

ekyrh
v;kfidk

&
&

vfHkuo%
lyhe%
losZ Nk=kk%
Lojk
v;kfidk

&
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lIrHkfxU;%

uwue~ vfLr ,oA ioZr&o`{k&iq"i&izHk`frfHk% izkfrdlEif%

lqle`kfu lfUr bekfu jkT;kfuA Hkkjro`{ks p iq"i& Lrcdln`'kkfu
fojktUrs ,rkfuA
Hkofr! x`gs ;Fkk lokZf/dk jE;k euksjek p Hkfxuh Hkofr rFkSo
Hkkjrx`gs fi lokZf/dk% jE;k% bek% lIrHkfxU;% lfUrA
euL;kxrk rs b;a Hkkouk ijedY;k.ke;h ija losZ u rFkk
voxPNfUrA vLrq] vfLr rkonsr"s kka fo"k;s fdfpn~ oSf'k"V~;efi
dFkuh;e~A lkofgreulk k .` kqr&
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tutkrh;k% v=k fuolfUrA 'kjhjs.k tZfLou% ,rRizknsf'kdk%
cgqHkk"kkfHk% lefUork%] ioZijEijkfHk% ifjiwfjrk%] Loyhyk&
dykfHk'p fu".kkrk% lfUrA
egksn;s! r=k rq oa'ko`{kk vfi izkI;Urs\
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x`gfuekZ.ki;ZUra izk;% oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuka oLrwuke~ mi;ksx% f;rsA
;rks fg v=k oa'ko`{kk.kka izkpq; fo|rsA lkEizra oa'kks|ksxks;a
vUrkjkf"V;[;kfre~ vokIrksfLrA
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d Hkze.kk; Hkfxuhizn's kks;a lehphu%\
(mPpS%) egksn;s! vkxkfefu vodk'ks o;a r=kSo xUrqfePNke%A
HkoR;fi vLekfHk% lk pyrqA
jksprs es;a fopkj%A ,rkfu jkT;kfu rq Hkze.kkFk LoxZln`'kkfu
bfrA

61

'kCnkFkkZ%%
ck<e~
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62

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cgqr vPNk
i<+uk gS
tkuus osQ fy,
fdrus
pkSchl
iphl
cgu
vBkbZl
osQUnz }kjk 'kkflr izns'k
vfrfjDr
vPNk
lewg
izfl
lksfrd

&
&
&

lEHkor%
lekurk osQ dkj.k
dgh x;h mikf/ ls@osQ dkj.k

&
&

uke esa
lUnsg
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

vijr%
{ks=kifjek.kS%
y?kwfu
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k
c`gkjkf.k
Lok/huk% (Lo$v/huk%)
Lok;khrk%
egok/kf;uh
(ego$vk/kf;uh)
Jqre/qj'kCn%
izHk`frfHk%
fofgre~
izkfrdlEif%
lqle`kfu
Hkkjro`{ks
iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu
|k

&
&
&
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nwljh vksj
{ks=kiQy ls
NksVs
xq.k ,oa xkSjo dh n`f"V ls
cM+s
LorU=k
vius v/hu fd;s x;s
ego dks j[kus okyh] egoiw.kZ

&
&
&
&
&
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&

jE;k
lkofgreulk
tZfLou%
ioZijEijkfHk%
ifjiwfjrk%
lefHkuUnuh;e~

&
&
&
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&
&

lquus esa e/qj 'kCn

vkfn ls
fof/iwoZd fd;k x;k
izkfrd lEinkvksa ls
cgqr le`
Hkkjr :ih o`{k esa@ij
iq"i osQ xqPNs osQ leku
fiz; (n; dks fiz; yxus okyh)
euksje
je.kh;
lko/ku eu ls
tkZ ;qDr
ioks dh ijEijk ls
iw.kZ] Hkjs&iwjs
Lokxr ;ksX;

lIrHkfxU;%

63

lehphu%
LoyhykdykfHk%
fu".kkrk%
oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~
vokIr%
ckd"kZd% (cgq$vkd"kZd%)

&
&
&
&
&
&

cgqr vPNk
viuh f;k ,oa dykvksa ls
ikjr] fuiq.k
ckl osQ o`{kksa ls fufeZr
izkIr
vR;Ur vkd"kZd@vR;f/d vkd"kZd

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
lqiHz kkre~
prqfo'kfr%
lIrHkfxU;%
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k

egok/kf;uh
f}lIrfrres
izkfrdLkEif%
iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu

ioZijEijkfHk%
oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~
oa'kks|ksxks;e~
vUrkjkf"V;[;kfre~

2- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
([k) izkphusfrgkls dk% Lok/huk% vklu~\
(x) osQ"kka leok;% ^lIrHkfxU;%* bfr dF;rs\
(?k) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% lfUr\
() lIrHkfxuh&izn's ks d% m|ksx% loZiez [q k%\
3- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izfr&izR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&
inkfu
izfr%
izR;;%
;Fkk&xUrqe~
xe~
$
rqequ~
------------- $
------------Kkrqe~
64

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

xzghrqe~
ikrqe~
Jksreq ~
Hkzferqe~

-------------------------------------------------

$
$
$
$

--------------------------------------------------

4- ikBkr~ fpRok rn~Hkoinkuka rs laLrinkfu fy[kr&

rn~Hko&inkfu
laLr&inkfu
;Fkk&lkr
lIr
-------------cfgu
-------------laxBu
-------------ckl
-------------vkt
-------------[ksr
5- fHkUuizfroaQ ina fpuqr&
(d) xPNfr] iBfr] /kofr] vglr~] hMfrA
([k) Nk=k%] lsod%] f'k{kd%] ysf[kdk] hMd%A
(x) i=ke~] fe=ke~] iq"ie~] vkez%] u{k=ke~A
(?k) O;k?kz%] HkYywd%] xt%] diksr%] o`"kHk%] lg%A
() i`fFkoh] olqU/jk] /fj=kh] ;kue~] olq/kA
6- etw"kkr% f;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
lfUr

orZrs
(d) v;a iz;ksx% izrhdkRed% --------------A
([k) lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% --------------A

lIrHkfxU;%

vfLr

izrh;Urs

bPNkfe

fuolfUr

orZUrs

65

(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)

v=k cgo% tutkrh;k% --------------A

vga fdefi Jksreq ~ --------------A
r=k gLrf'kfYiuka ckgqY;a --------------A
lIrHkfxuhizn's kk% jE;k% |k p --------------A
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k bekfu o`gkjkf.k --------------A

7- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kkuke~ mfpra esyue~

fo'ks";&inkfu
v;e~
laLfrfof'k"Vk;ke~
egok/kf;uh
izkphus
,d%

oqQ#r&
fo'ks"k.k&inkfu
laLfr%
bfrgkls
izn's k%
leok;%
HkkjrHkwekS

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

* v};a e=k;a pSo u&f=k&;qDra rFkk };e~A

lIrjkT;lewgks;a HkfxuhlIroaQ ere~AA
;g jkT;ksa osQ ukeksa dks ;kn j[kus dk ,d ljy rjhdk gSA bldk vFkZ gS v ls
vkjEHk gksus okys nks] e ls vkjEHk gksus okys rhu] u ls uxkyS.M vkSj f=k ls
f=kiqjk dk cks/ gksrk gSA blh izdkj vBkjg iqjk.kksa osQ uke ;kn j[kus osQ fy;s
;g 'yksd izfl gS&
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=k;a oprq"V;e~A
v&uk&i&yx&owQLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsAA

* ^lIrHkfxuh* bl miuke dk loZiFz ke iz;ksx 1972 esa Jh T;ksfr izlkn lSfd;k

us vkdk'kok.kh osQ lkFk HksVa okrkZ osQ e esa fd;k FkkA

66

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

* buosQ vUrxZr vkus okys jkT;ksa dk mYys[k izkphu xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gS
;Fkk&egkHkkjr] jkek;.k] iqjk.k vkfnA

* bu jkT;ksa dh jkt/kuh e'k% bl izdkj gS&

v#.kkpy izn's k
vle
ef.kiqj
fetksje
es?kky;
uxkyS.M
f=kiqjk

*
*

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

bVkuxj
fnliqj
bEiQky
,stksy
f'kyk
dksfgek
vxjrYyk

fcgw] ef.kiqjh] ukue vkfn bl izn's k osQ ize[q k u`R; gSAa

uxk] fetks] [kklh] vleh] ckaXyk] ine] cksMks] xkjks] t;fUr;k vkfn ;gk dh
ize[q k Hkk"kk, gSAa
lIrla[;k ij oqQN vU; izpfyr uke gS&a
lIrflU/q &^lIrHkfxuh* osQ leku lIrflU/q Hkh gSAa ;s lIrflU/q gS&a flU/q] 'kqrnq hz
(lryt)] bjkorh (bjkonh)] forLrk (>sye)] foik'kk (O;kl)] vflDuh (fpukc)
vkSj ljLorhA
lIrioZr & egsUnz] ey;] fgeoku~] vcqnZ ] foU;] lg~;kfnz] Jh'kSyA
lIrf"kZ & ejhfp] iqyLR;] vafxjk] rq] vf=k] iqyg] ofl"BA
".kukFk dh iqLrd v#.kkpy ;k=kk (okXnsoh izdk'ku] chdkusj 2002) iBuh; gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
ikB esa fLFkr v};a ----- okyh igsyh ls lkrksa jkT;ksa osQ uke dks le>ksA

lIrHkfxU;%

67

n'ke% ikB%

v'kksdofudk
izLrqr ikB vkfndfo okYehfdr jkek;.k osQ lqUnjdk.M osQ iUnzgosa lxZ ls laxg` hr
gSA lhrk dh [kkst esa guqeku yk esa izfo"V gksrs gSa rFkk ogha jko.k osQ izfl m|ku
v'kksd&ofudk dh 'kksHkk dk vkg~yknd n'kZu djrs gSAa ;g v'kksdofudk fnO;@vf}rh;
lkSjHk] Lokn] lkSUn;Z ,oa fofo/ o.kks ls ;qDr oqQlqeks]a yrkvksa o`{kksa vkfn ls lqHkksfHkr
gSA blh dk o.kZu izLrqr ikB esa gSA

loZuke] rr~] ,rr~&iz;ksx%

loZrqZoqQlqeS jE;S% iQyon~fHk'p ikniS%A
iqf"irkuke'kksdkuka fJ;k lw;ksnZ ;izHkke~ AA1AA
df.kZdkjS% oqQlqferS% d'kqoQS 'p lqifq "irS%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka iznhIr bo loZr% AA2AA
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p pEidksnn~ kydkLrFkkA
foo`ewyk cgo% 'kksHkUrs Le lqifq "irk% AA3AA
uUnua focq/ks|kua fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
vfro`kfeokfpUR;a fnO;a jE;fJ;ko`re~ AA4AA
loZrZqiq"iSfuZfpra ikniSeZ/qxfU/fHk%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua jE;a e`xx.kf}tS% AA5AA
vusdxU/izoga iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
'kSyUs nzfeo xU/k<~;a f}rh;a xU/eknue~ AA6AA
68

v'kksdofudk;ka rq rL;ka okujiqxa o%A

l nn'kkZfonwjLFka pSR;izklknewftZre~ AA7AA

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%

loZrqZoqQlqeS% (loZ$rqoqQlqeS%)

&

lHkh rqvksa osQ iwQyksa ls

ikniS%

&

o`{kksa ls

lw;ksZn;izHkke~ (lw;Z$mn;izHkke~)

&

lw;ksZn; dh NVk

fJ;k

&

'kksHkk ls

df.kZdkjS%

&

dusj osQ iwQyksa ls

d'kqoSQ%

&

Vslw@iyk'k osQ iwQyksa@isM+ksa ls

izHk;k

&

NVk ls

iqaukxk

&

lisQn dey@ukxosQlj uke

dk o`{kA

lIri.kkZ'p% (lIri.kkZ%$p)

&

vkSj ^lIri.kZ* uke dk ,d

o`{k fNrou

pEidksn~nkydk%
(pEid$mkydk%)

&

pEik ,oa mkyd uked

ikSkk@iQwy

focq/ks|kue~ (focq/$m|kue~)

&

nsorkvksa dk m|ku

pS=kjFke~

&

oqQcsj osQ m|ku dk uke

uUnue~

&

LoxZ dk m|ku

ukukfuuknS%

&

vusd izdkj dh ofu;ksa ls

e`xx.kf}tS%

&

i'kqvksa ,oa fpfM+;ksa ls

v'kksdofudk

69

iq.;xU/e~
'kSysUnze~ ('kSy$bUnze~)
xU/eknue~
v'kksdofudk;ke~
okujiqaxo%
ftZre~

&
&
&
&
&
&

ifo=k@'kq xU/ okyk

igkM+ksa dk jktk (fgeky;)
^xU/eknu* uke dk ,d igkM+
v'kksd ofudk esa
cUnjksa esa Js"B (guqeku)
pdkpkSa/ ls ;qDr

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu mPpkj;r&
loZroZq Qq lqe%S

loZriZq "q iS%

df.kZdkjS%

e`xx.kf}tS%

iQyof'p

ikniSe/
Z xq fU/fHk%

lIri.kkZ'p

pEidkskydk%

focq/ks|kue~

nn'kkZfonwjLFke~

izklknewftZre~

d'kqoQS 'p

2- ikBkUrxZrku~ lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA

3- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) v'kksd ----------------------- rq rL;ka okuj -----------------------A
l nn'kkZfonwjLFka ----------------------------------- izklknewftZre~AA
([k) df.kZdkjS% d'kqoQS 'p -----------------------------------------------------A
l ns'k% ----------------------- rs"kka iznhIr bo -----------------------A

70

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

4- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d
uUnua focq/ks|kua
vusdxU/izoga
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p
ukukfuuknS#|kua

[k
iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
iznhIr bo loZr%A
fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
jE;a e`xx.kf}tS%A
pEidksn~nkydkLrFkkA

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja ^rr~* bfr 'kCn:iS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fofHkDr%
,dopue~ f}opue~
------------(d) ;Fkk& iqf YyXss
izFkek
l%
------------"k"Bh
rL;
------------------------lIreh
"k"Bh
f}rh;k
r`rh;k

-------------

(x) ;Fkk& uiql

a dfyXss izFkek
f}rh;k
prqFkhZ

rr~
-------------

([k) ;Fkk&

L=khfyXss

rke~
-------------

rLeS

cgqopue~
------------------------rs"kq

rkH;ke~

-------------------------------------

-------------------------------------

rkfu
-------------------------

r;ks%
-------------

6- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) ikBsfLeu~ ns'k% bfr 'kCnL; dksFkZ%\
([k) osQ"kkfpr~ ip iq"ik.kka ukekfu fy[krA

v'kksdofudk

71

(x) okujiqxa o% oQ nn'kZ\

(?k) v=k okujiqo % d%\
() m|kue~ oSQ% fuuknS% jE;e~\

ks;k

ksfr
a dj
oUnu

v;

Hkjr

k;

;k%

izl

Uuks

fLr

bfr
kt! fr
j
yad cks/;
lE

7- pLFkinkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

gfUr
"k.ka

r
guqef

foHkh

jke%
fi=kk

jko.

ka

lg

os.k

fl

.kkH;
y {e

lqxzh

lhrk

s%
kJe

a xP
Nfr

oua

xPN

fr

ka

PNf

;fr
LFkki
eS=kha

ikn
qosQ
iz;

;Fkk&jke% lhrky{e.kkH;ka lg oua xPNfrA

(d) jke% -----------------------------------------A
([k) ----------------------------------------- A
(x) ----------------------------------------- A
(?k) ----------------------------------------- A
() ----------------------------------------- A
(p) ----------------------------------------- A
(N) ----------------------------------------- A
72

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

8- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,rke~

,"kk

,rs

,rkfu

,"k%

,rk%

;Fkk&v;;us ,"k% cky% vf}rh;% vfLrA

(d) ------------ ckyk fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfrA
([k) m|kus ------------ iq"ikf.k fodflrkfu lfUrA
(x) firk ------------ ys[kuha ee~ vki.kkr~ vku;r~A
(?k) vge~ ------------ iQys rqH;a nnkkfeA
() ------------ ckfydk% e/qjkf.k xhrkfu xk;fUrA

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;&^jkek;.k* osQoy ykSfdd laLr dk gh ugha vfirq fo'o dk vkfn
dkO; gSA ^jkek;.ke~ vkfndkO;e~ loZons kFkZlEere~A* blesa lkr dk.M gSa rFkk ;g
pkSchl gtkj 'yksdksa ls ;qDr gSA ^prqfo'k lglzkf.k 'yksdkukeqDroku`f"k%A*

* jkek;.k dk lcls vPNk dk.M lqUnjdk.M ekuk tkrk gSA dbZ izn's kksa esa bl
dk.M osQ fu;fer ikB dh ijEijk gSA lqUnjdk.M osQ fo"k; esa ,d yksd
izpfyr dFku izkIr gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS&
lqUnjs lqUnjks jke% lqUnjs lqUnjh dFkkA
lqUnjs lqUnjh lhrk lqUnjs d u lqUnje~A

* v'kksd&ofudk n'kkuu jko.k dk m|ku Fkk ftlesa vigj.k osQ ckn lhrk dks
fNik dj j[kk x;k FkkA

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
Hkkjro"kZ osQ oqQN izfl ckxksa vFkok m|kuksa dh lwph cuk,] ;Fkk&'kkyhekj ,oa
fu'kkrA

v'kksdofudk

73

,dkn'k% ikB%

lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys

f'k{kk gekjk vf/dkj gSA gekjs lekt eas dbZ leqnk; blls yEcs le; rd ofpr
jgs gSAa mUgsa bl vf/dkj dks ikus osQ fy, yEck la?k"kZ djuk iM+k gSA yM+fd;ksa dks
rks vkSj T;knk vojks/ >syuk iM+rk jgk gSA izLrqr ikB bl la?k"kZ dk usrR` o djus
okyh lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys osQ ;ksxnku ij osQfUnzr gSA

mifj fufeZra fp=ka i';rA bna fp=ka dL;kf'pr~ ikB'kkyk;k% orZrAs b;a lkekU;k
ikB'kkyk ukfLrA b;efLr egkjk"VL; izFkek dU;kikB'kkykA ,dk f'kf{kdk x`gkr~
iqLrdkfu vknk; pyfrA ekxsZ df'pr~ rL;k% mifj /wfya df'pr~ p izLrj[k.Mku~
f{kifrA ija lk Lon`<fu'p;kr~ u fopyfrA Lofo|ky;s dU;kfHk% lfouksne~ vkyiUrh
lk v;kius layXuk HkofrA rL;k% Lodh;e~ v;;uefi lgSo izpyfrA osQ;a
74

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

efgyk\ vfi ;w;feeka efgyka tkuhFk\ b;eso egkjk"VL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys ukeks;kA
tuojh eklL; r`rh;s fnols 1831 res f[kzLrkCns
egkjk"VL; uk;xkao&ukfEu LFkkus lkfo=kh vtk;rA
rL;k% ekrk y{ehckbZ firk p [kaMksth bfr vfHkfgrkSA
uoo"kZn's kh;k lk T;ksfrck iqQys egksn;su ifj.khrkA
lksfi rnkuha =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% ,o vklhr~A ;rksfg
l% L=khf'k{kk;k% izcy% leFkZd% vklhr~ vr%
lkfo=;k% eufl fLFkrk v;;ukfHkyk"kk mRla izkIrorhA
br% ija lk lkxzge~ vk~XyHkk"kk;k vfi v;;ua
rorhA
1848 res f[kz L rkCns iq . ks uxjs lkfo=kh
T;ksfrckegksn;su lg dU;kuka o`Qrs izn's kL; izFkea fo|ky;e~ vkjHkrA rnkuha lk
osQoya lIrn'ko"khZ;k vklhr~A 1851 res f[kzLrkCns vLi`';Rokr~ frjLrL; leqnk;L;
ckfydkuka o`Qrs i`Fko~Qr;k r;k vij% fo|ky;% izkjC/%A
lkekftdoqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh eq[kja fojks/e~ vdjksrA~ fo/okuka f'kjkse.q MuL;
fujkdj.kk; lk lk{kkr~ ukfirS% fefyrkA iQyr% osQpu ukfirk% vL;ka :<kS lgHkkfxrke~
vR;tu~A ,dnk lkfo=;k ekxsZ n`"Va ;r~ owQia fud"kk 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% rFkkdfFkrk%
fuEutkrh;k% dkf'pr~ uk;Z% tya ikrqa ;kpUrs LeA mPpoxhZ;k% migkla oqQoZUr%
owQikr~ tyksn/
~ j.ka vokj;u~A lkfo=kh ,rr~ viekua lks<aq uk'kDuksrA~ lk rk% fL=k;%
futx`ga uhrorhA rMkxa n'kZf;Rok vdFk;r~ p ;r~ ;Fks"Va tya u;rA lkoZtfudks;a
rMkx%A vLekr~ tyxzg.ks ukfLr tkfrcUkue~A r;k euq";k.kka lekurk;k% LorU=krk;k'p
i{k% loZnk loZFkk lefFkZr%A
^efgyk lsoke.My* ^f'k'kqgR;k izfrcU/d x`g* bR;knhuka laLFkkuka LFkkiuk;ka
iqQysnEiR;ks% vonkue~ egRoiw.kZeA~ lR;'kks/de.MyL; xfrfofk"kq vfi lkfo=kh

lkfo=kh
ckbZ iqQys

75

vrho lf;k vklhr~A vL; e.MyL; ms';e~ vklhr~ mRihfMrkuka leqnk;kuka

Lokf/dkjku~ izfr tkxj.ke~ bfrA
lkfo=kh vusdk% laLFkk% iz'kkludkS'kysu lpkfyrorhA nqfHkZ{kdkys Iysx&dkys
p lk ihfMrtukuke~ vJkUre~ vfojra p lsoke~ vdjksrA~ lgk;rk& lkexzh&O;oLFkk;S
loZFkk iz;kle~ vdjksrA~ egkjksxizlkjdkys lsokjrk lk Lo;e~ vlk;jksx.s k xzLrk 1897
res f[kzLrkCns fu/ua xrkA
lkfgR;jpu;k vfi lkfo=kh egh;rsA rL;k% dkO;lyu};a orZrs ^dkO;iqQys*
^lqckskjRukdj* psfrA Hkkjrns'ks efgyksRFkkuL; xgukocks/k; lkfo=khegksn;k;k%
thoupfjre~ vo';e~ v;srO;e~A

'kCnkFkkZ%

vknk;
izLrj[k.Mku~
lfouksne~
vkyiUrh
vtk;r
vfHkfgrkS
ifj.khrk
vLi`';r;k
izkjC/%
izrkMu'khykuke~
76

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ysdj
iRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks
glh etkd osQ lkFk
ckr djrh gqbZ
iSnk gqbZ
dgs x;s gSa
C;kgh x;h
NqvkNwr osQ dkj.k
vkjEHk fd;k
izrkfM+r djusokyh
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

fujkdj.kk;

&

nwj djus osQ fy,

:<kS

&

:f<+ es]a fjokt esa

'kh.kZ

&

iQVk&iqjkuk] fpFkM+k

ikrqe~

&

ihus osQ fy,

lks<eq ~

&

lgus esa

mRihfMrkuke~

&

lrk, x, dk

vJkUre~

&

fcuk FkosQ gq,

egh;rs

&

c<+&p<+dj gSa

i|ce~

&

dfork osQ :i esa

xgukocks/k;
(xgu$vocks/k;)

&

xgjkbZ ls le>us osQ fy,

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) egkjk"VL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk dk vklhr~\
([k) dL; leqnk;L; ckfydkuka rs lkfo=kh vija fo|ky;a izkjC/orh\
(x) dhn`'khuka oqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh fojks/e~ vdjksrA~
(?k) fdeFk 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% uk;Z% owQikr~ tya xzghraq okfjrk%\
() lkfo=;k% e`R;q% dFke~ vHkor~\
(p) rL;k% };ks% dkO;lyu;ks% ukeuh osQ\

lkfo=kh
ckbZ iqQys

77

2- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&

----------------------------------------------------------------------Lodh;e~
&
lfouksne~

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

lf;k

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

izns'kL;

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

eq[kje~

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

loZFkk

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&

---------------------mifj
vknkue~

----------------------

ijdh;e~

----------------------

fo"kerk

----------------------

O;fDrxre~

----------------------

vkjksg%

----------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fy]a foHkfDra] opua p fy[kr&

inkfu
/wfye~

fye~
------------------

foHkfDr%
------------------

opue~
------------------

ukfEu

------------------

------------------

------------------

vij%

------------------

------------------

------------------

dU;kuke~

------------------

------------------

------------------

lgHkkfxrke~

------------------

------------------

------------------

ukfirS%

------------------

------------------

------------------

78

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&

orZekudky%
;Fkk &

lk f'kf{kdk vfLrA

vrhrdky%
lk f'kf{kdk vklhr~A

(d) lk v;kius layXuk HkofrA

([k) l% =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% vfLrA
(x) efgyk% rMkxkr~ tya u;fUrA
(?k) o;a izfrfnua ikBa iBke%A
() ;w;a d fo|ky;a xPNFk\
(p) rs ckydk% fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfUrA

lkfo=kh
ckbZ iqQys

79

}kn'k% ikB%

d% j{kfr d% jf{kr%
izLrqr ikB i;kZoj.k ij osQfUnzr gSA gekjs thou esa IykfLVd dk bl lhek rd izo's k
gks pqdk gS fd ge blosQ fcuk nSfud thou pykus dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ikrs
tcfd IykfLVd i;kZoj.k osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA IykfLVd osQ c<+rs gq, mi;ksx ij
iz'ufp yxkrs gq, bl ikB esa i;kZoj.k rFkk izn"w k.k dh leL;k osQ izfr laons u'khy
le> fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA

(dk'pu Ckkfydk% Hkze.kk; fuxZrk% ijLijekyifUr)

fjiph

& ijfeUnj~! ijfeUnj~! ,fg vkxPN] mioua izfo'kke%A

ijfeUnj~ & vjs! miouL; }kjs ,o IykfLVdL;wrdkfu f{kIrkfu brLrr%
fodh.kkZfuA

#fpjk
80

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

dpukj~
jkstfyu~
fjiph
dpukj~
fjiph

& tuk% izekna oqQoZfUrA IykfLVdiqVosQ"kq [kk|oLrwfu x`ghRok Hk{k;fUr]

ija rkfu iqVdkfu ekxsZ ;=k oqQ=kkfi f{kifUrA
& egrh b;a leL;kA vfi izfo'kke%\
& vLrq izfo'kke%A
(lokZ% mious izfo'kfUrA)
& oqQ=k mifo'kke%\
& vfLeu~ dk"BihBs mifo'kke%A
(lokZ% mifo'kfUr)

fjiph & vfi i';Fk] o;a ;=kksifo"Vk% r=k dkfu oLrwfu lfUr\
ijfeUnj~ & vke~A vke~A cgwfu oLrwfu ifjrks fodh.kkZfuA
dpukj~ & ;Fkk L;wr%] tyowQih] oQUnqde~ bR;knhfuA

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr%

81

jkstfyu~

& gyk] vkRekuefi i';A

psuEek

& vke~A vke~A i';kfe ,oA ee lfo/s dr e~] oqQ.Mye~]

osQ'kcUk%] ?kfVif^dk] d. ke~ bR;knhfu lokZf.k fojktUrsA
fdefl oDrqdkek\

fjiph

& bna ;krO;a ;n~ ,rkfu lokZf.k oLrwfu izk;% IykfLVosQu fufeZrkfu
lfUrA

dpukj~

& iwo rq izk;% dkikZlus ] peZ.kk] ykSgus ] yk{k;k] e`fkd;k dk"Bsu

ok fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ,o izkI;Urs LeA v/quk rr~ LFkkus
IykfLVoQ&fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ifjr% fodh.kkZfu lfUrA ,rkfu
vYiewY;kfu vfi lfUrA

psuEek

& vgks! dyeLrq foLe`r%A dksfi ,rr~ vuqekrqa 'kDuksfr ;r~

,dfLeu~ dyes dfr efl;"V;% iz;Tq ;UrsA

ijfeUnj~

& vuqeh;rs ;r~ izR;soQa Nk=kk izfrlIrkga Lodyes ,dka efl;f"Va

iwj;frA rkRi;Ze~ bnefLr ;r~ ,dfLeUuso o"ksZ U;wukUU;wua izk;%
ipk'kr~ efl;"V;% r;k iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA

psuEek

& ija d o;e~ ,dfLeu~ o"ksZ ,dL;So dyeL; iz;ksxa oqQeZ%\

lkewfgdLoj% & ufg ufgA o"ksZ rq izk;'k% cgo% dyek% foyqI;UrsA

fjiph

& ,dk Nk=kk f=k"kq ekls"kq ,oaQ dyea h.kkfrA vFkkZr~ ,dfLeu~
o"ksZ prqj% dyeku~ h.kkfrA

jkstfyu~

& vija p dyesu lg efl;f"V% vfi IykfLVdkoj.ks lekos';rsA

rfgZ vkgR; izfro"kZe~ ,dk Nk=kk izk;% ipk'kUefl;"Vhuka prqfHZk%
dyeS% prq%ipk'kf% vkoj.kS% iz;ksxa djksfrA

#fpjk
82

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

dpukj~

& Hkorq] cgq/k iz;Dq rL; IykfLVdL; nwjxkfeu% ?kkrdk% ifj.kkek%

o;a u nz"Vqa 'kDuqe%A IykfLVoaQ dnkfi u xyfr] u p vi{kh;rsA
;Fkk&vU;kfu oLrwfu fou'; e`fkdk;ka foyh;UrsA
& IykfLVdL; e`fkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ vLekoaQ i;kZoj.kL; rs egrh
{kfr% HkofrA
& ,osQu inkFksuZ vij% inkFkZ% l`T;rs] vFkok fou"Va oLrq e`fkdk;ka
feyfrA ija IykfLVosQ b;a izf;k vlEHkok ,oA
& dYi;rq] ;fn 'kra o"kkZf.k ;kor~ IykfLVd&fufeZrkuka inkFkkZuka
fuekZ.kizf;k i`fFkO;ka izpfy";fr rfgZ fda L;kr~\ (lokZ% l[ksna
foe`'kfUrA)
& v=k fo"kknsu fde~\ loZiFz kea rq f'k{kdk.kka lg;ksxus IykfLVdL;
fofo/i{kk% fopkj.kh;k%A vLekoaQ iz;klksfi i;kZoj.kL; j{k.ks
visf{kr%A

psuEek
fjiph
ijfeUnj~

jkstfyu~

'kCnkFkkZ%
dk'pu

&

oqQN

ppZ;fUr

&

ppkZ djrs gSa

iqVosQ"kq

&

NksVh FkSyh (ikmp)

L;wr%

&

FkSyk@FkSyh

tyowQih

&

ikuh dh cksry

gyk

&

l[kh osQ fy, lEcks/u

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr%

83

dre~

&

oaQ?kk@oaQ?kh

d.ke~

&

oaQxu

dkikZlus

&

dikl ls

yk{k;k

&

yk[k ls

e`fkd;k

&

fe^h ls

fodh.kkZfu

&

fc[kjh gqb@Z iSQyh gqbZ

izekne~

&

vkyL;

dk"BihBs

&

ydM+h dh cSp
a ij

vkgR;

&

oqQy feykdj

efl;"V~;k

&

fjfiQy ls

U;wukUU;wue~ (U;wukr~$U;wue~) &

de ls de

izk;'k%

&

izk;%] yxHkx

foyqI;Urs

&

yqIr gks tkrs gSa

vi{kh;rs

&

u"V gks tkrk gS

foyh;Urs

&

foyhu gks tkrs gSa

y;kHkkokr~ (y;$vHkkokr~) &

yhu@u"V u gksus osQ dkj.k

l`T;rs

&

fufeZr fd;k tkrk gS

dYi;rq

&

dYiuk dhft,

foe`'kfUr

&

fopkj djrs gSa

#fpjk
84

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r
ipk'kr~
f=kipk'kr~
ipipk'kr~
lIripk'kr~
v"Vkipk'kr~

"kf"V%
}k"kf"V%
prq""kf"V%
ip"kf"V%
uo"kf"V%

lIrfr%
prqLlIrfr%
iplIrfr%
lIrlIrfr%
v"VklIrfr%

v'khfr%
}'khfr%
prqj'khfr%
ipk'khfr%
uok'khfr%

uofr%
f=kuofr%
ipuofr%
"k..kofr%
'kre~

2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[kr

;Fkk&

inkfu
Hkze.kk;
oLrwfu
IykfLVosQu
fodh.kkZfu
efl;"V~;k
L;wrosQ"kq
dk"BihBs
i`fFkO;ke~

foHkfDr%
prqFkhZ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

opue~
,dopue~
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- ,dinsu mkjr
(d) efl;"Vh&tyowQih&izHk`frfu oLrwfu osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu\
([k) miouL; }kjs dkfu f{kIrkfu lfUr\
(x) e`fkdk;ka d oLrq u dnkfi fou';fr\
(?k) vLekoaQ iz;kl% dL; j{k.ks visf{kr%\
d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr%

85

4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr

(d) psuEek;k% lfo/s dkfu oLrwfu vklu~\
([k) iwo izk;% osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu oLrwfu izkI;Urs Le\
(x) dkfu dkfu oLrwfu i;kZoj.ka nw"k;fUr\
(?k) IykfLVdL; e`fkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ d Hkofr\
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka ydkja iq#"ka opup fy[kr&
inkfu
/krq%
ydkj%
iq#"k%
;Fkk& lfUr
vl~
yV~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k%
---------------------------------oqQeZ%

opue~
cgqopue~
------------

h.kkfr

------------

------------

------------

------------

i';

------------

------------

------------

------------

vkxPN

------------

------------

------------

------------

izpfy";fr ------------

------------

------------

------------

6- etw"kkr% vk uka rs inkfu fpuqr&

prq%ipk'kr~
puquoZ fr%

lIr"kf"V%
lIruofr%

}klIrfr%
iplIrfr%

"kM'khfr%
v"Vkuofr%

67

---------------------

86

---------------------

98

---------------------

97

---------------------

54

---------------------

72

---------------------

94

---------------------

75

--------------------#fpjk

86

r`rh;ks Hkkx%

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
laLr esa vdkjkUr L=khfy 'kCn osQ :i izkIr ugha gksrs gSAa ysfdu yM+fd;ksa osQ
vdkjkUr uke gksrs gSAa buosQ mnkgj.k gS&a ijfeUnj] jkstfyu] dpukj vkfnA ;gk iz'u
mBrk gS fd fdl :i esa bu ukeksa dks laLr esa fy[kk tk,A blfy;s bl ikB esa
O;tukUr (ijfeUnj~) :i esa j[kk x;k gSA laLr esa bUgsa O;tukUr (ijfeUnj~]
jkstfyu~] dpukj~) ekudj :i pyk;s tkus pkfg,A

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
pfy,] vkxkeh vodk'k esa ,d vH;kl djrs gSAa lqcg txus ls ysdj jkr lksus osQ
le; rd cktkj ls vkusokyh vkSj izfrfnu dke esa vkus okyh oLrqvksa dks ;kuiwod
Z
ns[ksa vkSj budh ,d lwph cuk,A muosQ fy, laLr esa D;k iz;ksx gksrk gS ;g tkuus
dk iz;kl djsAa lwph esa gj oLrq osQ uke osQ vkxs ;g fy[ksa fd og fdl phk dh
cuh gSA blesa IykfLVd dh cuh gqbZ phkksa dks NkVdj ,d txg fy[ksa vkSj ;g
vkdyu djus dk iz;Ru djsa fd izfrfnu ge fdruh ek=kk esa IykfLVd dk mi;ksx
djrs gSAa
laLr esa okD; esa igys ^vfi* yxkus ls okD; iz'u okpd gks tkrk gSA
tSl&s vfi izfo'kke%\ D;k ge Hkhrj pys\a
/krq&la;Dq r rqeuq ~ izR;; osQ vuqLokj dk yksi djosQ mlosQ vkxs dkek@dke%
tksMu+ s ls veqd dk;Z djuk pkgus okyh@pkgus okyk&;g eqgkojsnkj iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSl&s xUrqdkek] oDrqdkek] dkZd
q ke% bR;kfnA bl izf;k osQ vk/kj ij uhps fy[ks
okD;ksa dk laLr esa vuqokn djs&a
(d) jke D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
([k) fLrhuk dgk tkuk pkgrh gS\
(x) og djuk D;k pkgrk gS\

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr%

87

=k;ksn'k% ikB%

fgeky;%
izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl iz.khr ^oqQekjlEHkoe~* uked egkdkO; osQ izFke lxZ
ls laxg` hr gSA bu i|ksa esa fgeky; dh izkfrd lq"kek dk o.kZu gSA

lfU/%
vLR;qkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A
iwokZijkS rks;fu/h oxkg~; fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M% AA1AA
vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L; fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~A
,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ook% AA2AA
vkes[kya lpjrka ?kukuka Nk;ke/% lkuqxrka fu"ksO;A
m}sftrk o`f"VfHkjkJ;Urs 'k`kf.k ;L;kriofUr flk% AA3AA
diksyd.Mw% dfjfHkfoZusrqa fo?kf^rkuka ljynzqek.kke~A
;=k qr{khjr;k izlwr% lkuwfu xU/% lqjHkhdjksfr AA4AA
fnokdjknz{kfr ;ks xqgklq yhua fnokHkhrfeokU/dkje~A
{kqnzsfi uwua 'kj.ka iziUus eeRoeqPpS%f'kjlka lrho AA5AA
88

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%
uxkf/jkt% (ux$vf/jkt%)
iwokZijkS (iwo$Z vijkS)
rks;fu/h
oxkg~;
ekun.M%

&
&
&
&
&

izHkoL;
lkSHkkX;foyksfi

&
&

lfUuikrs
fueTtfr
v%
vkes[kye~
lpjrke~
lkuqxrke~
fu"ksO;
m}sftrk
vkJ;Urs
vkriofUr
diksyd.Mw%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

fgeky;%

ioZrjkt
iwoZ vkSj if'pe esa fLFkr (nksuks)a
nksuksa leqnkz as dks
izfo"V gksdj] /l dj
ekid] iSekuk] ukius osQ fy, iz;Dq r
midj.k
mRiUu djus okys dk
lkSUn;Z] efgek] cM+Iiu dks yqIr
djus okyk
bdV~Bk gksus ij
foyhu gks tkrk gS] ux.; gksrk gS
dyad] /Cck
e; Hkkx rd
fopj.k djrs gq,
pksfV;ksa ij x;h gqbZ
lsou djosQ] lq[k ikdj
?kcjk, gq,] ijs'kku
vkJ; ysrs gSa
/wi ls ;qDr ij
duiVh dh [kqtyh

89

dfjfHk%
fousreq ~
fo?kf^rkuke~
ljynzeq k.kke~
lzrq {khjr;k
izlrw %
lkuwfu
lqjHkhdjksfr
xqgklq
yhue~
fnokHkhre~
{kqnsz fi ({kqn$sz vfi)
'kj.ka iziUus
eeRoe~
lrho (lfr$bo)

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk

nwj djus osQ fy,
jxM+s gqvksa dk
nsonk# osQ o`{kkas dk
nw/ fudyus ls
mRiUu
ioZr dh pksfV;k
lqxfU/r dj nsrk gS
xqiQkvksa esa
fNis gq,
fnu ls Mjs gq,] mYyw
v/e ;k uhp dks Hkh
'kj.k esa vk;s gq,
viukiu
ekuksa gksus ij

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mkjkf.k fy[kr
(d) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% d%\
([k) fgeky;% HkkjrL; dL;ka fnf'k orZr\s
(x) bUnks% fdj.ks"kq d% fueTtfr\
(?k) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;L; jpf;rk d%\
() fgeky;% xqgklq oaQ j{kfr\
90

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

2- v/ksj[s kkfrHs ;% insH;% iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r

(d) fgeky;% mkjL;ka fnf'k orZrAs
([k) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% fgeky;% vfLrA
(x) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;a dkfynklsu fojfpre~A
(?k) vfLeu~ ikBs dfo% fgeky;L; o.kZua djksfrA
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r
------------------------ $ -----------------------vLR;qkjL;ke~

------------------------ $ -----------------------uxkf/jkt%

------------------------ $ -----------------------iwokZijkS

------------------------ $ -----------------------fdj.ksf"oo

------------------------ $ -----------------------;L;kriofUr

4- etw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fufnZ"VLrEHks"kq fy[kr

uxkf/jkt%
fdj.kS%
xqgklq
izHkoL;

;Fkk&

fnf'k
nzeq k.kke~
egkdkO;s
;%

izFkekfoHkfDr%
;%
---------------------------------------------------------

fgeky;%

bUnks%
lzrq {khjr;k
k
` k f.k
?kukuke~

flk%
{kqnsz
fo?kf^rkuke~
o`f"VfHk%

dfjfHk%
Nk;k;ke~
ekun.M%
dkfynklsu

r`rh;kfoHkfDr% "k"BhfoHkfDr% lIrehfoHkfDr%

dfjfHk%
bUnks%
xqgklq
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91

5- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&

i`fFkO;k% & ----------------------------------------------------------------fgeky;s

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------

xqgklq

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------

bUnks%

&

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Nk;k;ke~ &

----------------------------------------------------------------;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

^ekun.M* 'kCn ekius osQ fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;h tkus okyh rjktw osQ ydM+h

osQ M.Ms dks dgk tkrk gSA ;g 'kCn vc vkn'kZ dlkSVh] fud"k] ijkdk"Bk]
Js"Brk dk iSekuk vkfn vFkks esa iz;Dq r gksrk gSA

^iwokZijkS rks;fu/h* osQ ek;e ls ;gk e'k% caxky dh [kkM+h rFkk vjclkxj

dh vksj laoQs r fd;k x;k gSA

^ljynze
q * nsonk# osQ isM+ dks dgk tkrk gSA bldh Nky cgqr dksey gksrh

gSA ?k"kZ.kek=k ls gh bldh Nky fNy tkrh gS rFkk mlls nw/ dh /kj cgus
yxrh gSA

fgeky; dh efgek dk o.kZu nwljs xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA rqyuh;&

oSQyklks fgeoka'pSo nf{k.ks o"kZioZrkSA

iwoiZ f'pexkosrko.kZokUr#ifLFkrkSAA (czk.Miqjk.ke~)

92

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%


dkfynkl }kjk izfrikfnr flkUr osQ fo# esa ,d ;g Hkh dFku ik;k

tkrk gS&
,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnksfjfr ;ks cHkk"ksA
u rsu n`"Va dfouk leLra nkfjnz;
~ esoQa xq.kdksfVgkfjAA

lwfDr dk vFkZ gS lqUnj dFkuA dkfynkl osQ dkO; esa cgqr ,slh lwfDr;k

gSa ftuls euq"; dks cgqr lh lh[k feyrh gSA uhps nh x;h oqQN vU;
lwfDr;ksa dk v;;u djsAa

dkfynkl us es?knwr esa jkefxfj ioZr dks ys dj fy[kk gS&

u {kqnkz s fi izFkelqrkis{k;k laJ;k;A

izkIrs fe=ks Hkofr foeq[k% d iqu;ZLrFkksPpS%AA
dkfynkl dh vU; izfl lwfDr;k

'kjhjek|a [kyq /eZlk/ue~A

u jRuefUo";fr e`X;rs fg rr~A

fiz;"s kq lkSHkkx;iQyk fg pk#rkA

iqjk.kfeR;so u lk/q loZeA~

fjDr% loksZ Hkofr fg y?kq% iw.kZrk xkSjok;A
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~

* bl ikB esa lwfDr;k [kkstAas

* vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa izkIr fgeky; o.kZu dks i<+as vkSj mldh lwph cuk;sAa

fgeky;%

93

prqnZ'k% ikB%

vk;ZHkV%
Hkkjro"kZ dh vewY; fuf/ gS Kku&foKku dh lqnh?kZ ijEijkA bl ijEijk dks lEiksf"kr
fd;k izc
q euhf"k;ksa usA bUgha euhf"k;ksa esa vxzx.; Fks vk;ZHkVA n'keyo ifr vkfn
osQ izkjfEHkd iz;ksDrk vk;ZHkV us xf.kr dks u;h fn'kk nhA bUgsa ,oa buosQ izofrZr
flkUrksa dks rRdkyhu :f<okfn;ksa dk fojks/ >syuk iM+kA oLrqr% xf.kr dks foKku
cukus okys rFkk xf.krh; x.kuk ifr osQ }kjk vkdk'kh; fi.Mksa dh xfr dk izorZu
djus okys ;s izFke vkpk;Z FksA vkpk;Z vk;ZHkV osQ blh oSn"q ; dk mn~?kkVu izLrqr
ikB esa gSA

iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr lw;%Z if'pefn'kk;ka p vLra xPNfr bfr n`';rs fg yksoQs A ija
u vusu vocks;efLr ;Rlw;ksZ xfr'khy bfrA lw;ksZ py% i`fFkoh p pyk ;k Lodh;s
v{ks ?kw.kZfr bfr lkEizra lqLFkkfir% flkUr%A flkUrks;a izkFkE;su ;su izofrZr%] l
vklhr~ egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp vk;ZHkV%A i`fFkoh fLFkjk orZrs bfr ijEij;k
izpfyrk :f<% rsu izR;kfn"VkA rsu mnkra ;n~ xfr'khyk;ka ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V%
ekuo% ukSdka fLFkjkeuqHkofr] vU;ku~ p inkFkkZu~ xfr'khyku~ voxPNfrA ,oeso
xfr'khyk;ka i`fFkO;ke~ vofLFkr% ekuo% i`fFkoha fLFkjkeuqHkofr lw;kZfnxzgku~ p xfr'khyku~
osfkA
476 res f[kLz rkCns ("kV~lIrR;f/dprq%'krres o"ks)Z vk;ZHkV% tUe yCkokfufr
rsuoS fojfprs ^vk;ZHkVh;e~* bR;fLeu~ xzUFks mfYyf[kre~A xzUFkks;a rsu =k;kso'kfrres
94

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

o;fl fojfpr%A ,sfrgkfldksrksfHk% Kk;rs ;r~ ikVfyiq=ka fud"kk vk;ZHkVL; osk'kkyk

vklhr~A vusu bne~ vuqeh;rs ;r~ rL; deZHkwfe% ikVfyiq=keso vklhr~A
vk;Z H kVL; ;ks x nkua xf.krT;ks f r"kk lEca orZ r s ;=k la [ ;kuke~
vkdyua egoe~ vkn/kfrA vk;Z H kV% iQfyrT;ks f r"k'kkL=ks u fo'oflfr
LeA xkf.krh;iR;k re~
vkdyuekk` R ; ,o rs u
iz f rikfnra ;n~ xz g .ks jkgq &
os Q rq u kedkS nkuokS ukfLr
dkj.ke~A r=k rq lw;p
Z Unzif` Fkoh
bfr =khf.k ,o dkj.kkfuA lw;
ifjr% HkzeUR;k% i`fFkO;k%] pUnzL;
ifjekiFksu la;ksxkn~ xzg.ka HkofrA
;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu pUnzL;
izdk'k% vo#;rs rnk pUnzxgz .ka HkofrA rFkSo i`Fohlw;;Z ks% e;s lekxrL; pUnzL;
Nk;kikrsu lw;xZ gz .ka n`';rsA
lekts uwrukuka fopkjk.kka Lohdkjs izk;% lkekU;tuk% dkfBU;euqHkofUrA
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr%'kkL=ks rFkSo vk;ZHkVL;kfi fojks/% vHkor~A rL; flkUrk% misf{krk%A
l if.MrEeU;kuke~ migklik=ka tkr%A iqujfi rL; n`f"V% dkykfrxkfeuh n`"VkA
vk/qfuoSQ% oSKkfuoSQ% rfLeu~] rL; p flkUrs leknj% izdfVr%A vLeknso dkj.kkn~
vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke vk;ZHkV bfr re~A
oLrqr% Hkkjrh;k;k% xf.krijEijk;k% vFk p foKkuijEijk;k% vlkS ,d%
f'k[kjiq#"k% vklhr~A
vk;ZHkV%

95

'kCnkFkkZ%

96

yksoQs
vocks;e~

&
&

vpy%
pyk
Lodh;s
v{ks
?kw.kZfr
lqLFkkfir%
izkFkE;su
T;ksfrfoZn~
:f<%
izR;kfn"Vk
(izfr$vkfn"Vk)
f[kzLrkCns (f[kzLr$vCns)
"kV~lIrfr%
o;fl
fud"kk
os/'kkyk
vkdyue~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lalkj esa
le>us ;ksX;] tkuus ;ksX;] tkuuk
pkfg,
fLFkj] xfrghu
vfLFkj] xfr'khy
vius
/qjh ij
?kwerh gS
Hkyh&Hkkfr LFkkfir
loZiFz ke
T;ksfr"kh
izpfyr izFkk] fjokt
[k.Mu fd;k

&
&
&
&
&
&

bZLoh esa
fNgkj
vk;q es]a voLFkk es]a mez esa
fudV
xzg] u{k=kksa dks tkuus dh iz;ksx'kkyk
x.kuk
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

vkn/kfr
HkzeUR;k%
Nk;kikrsu
vo#;rs
vij=k
vofLFkr%
fo'oflfr Le
izfrjks/L;
if.MrEeU;kuke~
dkykfrxkfeuh

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

j[krk gS
?kweus okyh dh] ?kwerh gqbZ dh
Nk;k iM+us ls
#d tkrk gS
nwljh vksj
fLFkr
fo'okl djrk Fkk
jksdus dk
Lo;a dks Hkkjh fo}ku~ ekuus okyksa dk
le; dks yk?kus okyh

vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) lw;%Z dL;ka fn'kk;ke~ mnsfr\
([k) vk;ZHkVL; os/'kkyk oqQ=k vklhr~\
(x) egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp d% vfLr\
(?k) vk;ZHkVsu d% xzUFk% jfpr%\
() vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke fde~ vfLr\
2- lfU/foPNsna
xzUFkks;e~
lw;kZpy%
rFkSo

vk;ZHkV%

oqQ#r&
------------------&
------------------&
------------------&

$
$
$

-------------------------------------------------------

97

dkykfrxkfeuh &
izFkeksixzgL; &

-------------------------------------

$
$

-------------------------------------

3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka foijhrkFkZdinkfu fy[kr&

------------------mn;%
------------------vpy%
------------------vU/dkj%
------------------fLFkj%
------------------leknj%
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------lkEizre~
&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------fud"kk
&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------ifjr%
&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------mifo"V%
&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------deZHkwfe%
&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------oSKkfud%
&
5- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
ukSdke~

i`fFkoh

rnk

pyk

vLra

(d) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr if'pefnf'k p ------------------- xPNfrA

([k) lw;%Z vpy% i`fFkoh p -------------------A
(x) ------------- Lodh;s v{ks ?kw.kZfrA
(?k) ;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu pUnzL; izdk'k% vo#;rs ------------------- pUnzxgz .ka
HkofrA
() ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V% ekuo% ------------------- fLFkjkeuqHkofrA
98

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inifjp;a nnr&

inkfu

fye~

foHkfDr%

opue~

iqfYy%

"k"Bh

,dopue~

os/'kkyk;ke~ --------------

--------------

--------------

i`fFkoh

--------------

--------------

--------------

ijEij;k

--------------

--------------

--------------

=khf.k

--------------

--------------

--------------

Nk;kikrsu

--------------

--------------

--------------

;Fkk & pUnzL;

7- ^efr* 'kCnL; :ikf.k iwj;r&

foHkfDr%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

izFkek

efr%

erh

er;%

f}rh;k

efre~

------------

erh%

r`rh;k

eR;k

efrH;ke~

------------

prqFkhZ

------------

efrH;ke~

efrH;%

ipeh

eR;k%] ers%

------------

------------

"k"Bh

------------

eR;ks%

erhuke~

lIreh

eR;ke~

eR;ks%

efr"kq

lEcks/ue~

------------!

gs erh!

gs er;%!

vk;ZHkV%

99

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

vk;ZHkV dks v'edkpk;Z uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd buosQ tUeLFkku
osQ fo"k; esa fookn gSA dksbZ bUgsa ikVfyiq=k dk dgrs gSa rks dksbZ egkjk"V dkA
vk;ZHkV us n'keyo ifr dk iz;ksx djrs gq, (ikbZ) dk eku fu/kZfjr
fd;kA mUgksua s n'keyo osQ ckn osQ pkj vadksa rd osQ eku dks fudkykA mudh
n`f"V esa dk eku gS 3-1416 A vk/qfud xf.kr esa dk eku] n'keyo osQ ckn
lkr vadksa rd tkuk tk ldk gS] rnuqlkj 3-1416926 A
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr"k'kkL=koSfnd ;qx esa ;K osQ dky vFkkZr~ 'kqHk eqgrw Z osQ Kku osQ
fy, T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dk mn~Hko gqvkA dkykUrj esa blosQ vUrxZr xzgksa dk lapkj] o"kZ]
ekl] i{k] okj] frfFk] ?kaVk vkfn ij xgu fopkj fd;k tkus yxkA yx/] vk;ZHkV]
ojkgfefgj] czxqIr] HkkLdjkpk;Z] ckyxaxk/j fryd] jkekuqtu~ vkfn gekjs ns'k osQ
ize[q k T;ksfr"k'kkL=kh gSAa vk;ZHkVh;e~] lkSjflkUr%] c`gRlafgrk] yhykorh] ipflkfUrdk
vkfn T;ksfr"k osQ ize[q k laLr xzUFk gSAa
vk;ZHkVh;e~vk;ZHkV us 499 bZ- esa bl xzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk
20 vk;kZNUnksa esa fuc gSA bleas xzgksa dh x.kuk osQ fy, dfy laor~ (499 bZ- esa
3600 dfy laor~) dks fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA
xf.krT;ksfr"kla[;k osQ }kjk tgk dky dh x.kuk gks] og xf.krT;ksfr"k gSA
T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dh rhu fo/kvksa ;FkkflkUr] iQfyr ,oa xf.kr esa ;g lokZfkd
ize[q k gSA

100

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

iQfyrT;ksfr"kblosQ vUrxZr xzg u{k=kksa vkfn dh fLFkfr osQ vk/kj ij HkkX;]

deZ vkfn dk foospu fd;k tkrk gSA
os/'kkykxzg] u{k=k vkfn dh xfr] fLFkfr dh tkudkjh tgk x.kuk rFkk ;kfU=kd
fof/ osQ vk/kj ij yh tk;s og os/'kkyk gSA ;Fkk&tUrj&eUrjA

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~

*
*
*

vk;ZHkV%

;ksX;rk foLrkj esa mYysf[kr fo}kuksa dh fr;ksa osQ uke dk ly

u djsAa
;ksX;rk foLrkj esa m`r iqLrdksa osQ ys[kd dk uke crk,A
vk;ZHkV osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; xf.krKksa osQ uke rFkk muosQ dk;ks dh
lwph rS;kj djsAa

101

ipn'k% ikB%

izgfs ydk%
igsfy;k euksjtu dh izkphu fo/k gSA ;s izk;% fo'o dh lkjh Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/
gSAa laLr osQ dfo;ksa us bl ijEijk dks vR;Ur le` fd;k gSA igsfy;k tgk gesa
vkuUn nsrh gS]a ogha le>&cw> dh gekjh ekufld o ckSfd izf;k dks rhozrj
cukrh gaAS bl ikB esa laLr izgfs ydk (igsyh) cw>us dh ijEijk osQ oqQN jkspd
mnkgj.k izLrqr fd, x, gSAa

dLrwjh tk;rs dLekr~\

dks gfUr dfj.kka oqQye~\
d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;q\s
e`xkr~ lg% iyk;rs AA1AA
lhefUruh"kq dk 'kkUrk\
jktk dksHkwr~ xq.kkske%\
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU|k\
v=kSoksDra u cq;rs AA2AA
oaQ lt?kku ".k%\
dk 'khryokfguh xk \
osQ nkjiks"k.kjrk%\
oaQ cyoUra u ck/rs 'khre~ AA3AA
o`{kkxzoklh u p if{kjkt%
f=kus=k/kjh u p 'kwyikf.k%A
Rox~oL=k/kjh u p fl;ksxh
tya p fcHkzUu ?kVks u es?k% AA4AA
102

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

HkkstukUrs p d is;e~\
t;Ur% dL; oS lqr%\
dFka fo".kqina izkDs re~\
ra 'kL; nqyHZ ke~ AA5AA
izgsfydkukeqkjkUos"k.kk; lsrk%
izFkek izgsfydk

&

f}rh;k izgsfydk

&

r`rh;k izgsfydk

&

prqFkZizgsfydk;k% mkje~
ipeizgsfydk;k% mkje~

&
&

vfUres pj.ks e'k% =k;k.kka iz'ukuka f=kfHk%

inS% mkja nke~A
izFke&f}rh;&r`rh;&pj.ks"kq izFkeL; o.kZL;
vfUreo.ksZu la;ksxkr~ mkja izkI;rsA
izR;soaQ pj.ks izFkef}rh;;ks% izFke=k;k.kka
ok o.kkZuka la;ksxkr~ rfLeu~ pj.ks izLrqrL;
iz'uL; mkja izkI;rsA
ukfjosQyiQye~A
izFke&izgsfydkor~A

'kCnkFkkZ%
gfUr
dkrj%
lhefUruh"kq
dksHkwr~ (d%$vHkwr~)
lt?kku
oaQlt?kku (oaQla$t?kku)
'khryokfguh
dk'khryokfguh
izgsfydk%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ekjrk@ekjrh gS
detksj
ukfj;ksa esa
dkSu gqvk
ekjk
oaQl dks ekjk
BaMh /kjk okyh
dk'kh dh Hkwfe ij cgus okyh
103

nkjiks"k.kjrk%
osQnkjiks"k.kjrk%
oaQcyoUre~
o`{kkxzoklh
(o`{k$vxzoklh)
if{kjkt%
f=kus=k/kjh
'kwyikf.k%
Rox~
fcHkzu~
fo".kqine~
re~
'kL;

&
&
&
&

iRuh osQ iks"k.k esa layXu

[ksr osQ dk;Z esa layXu
og O;fDr ftlosQ ikl oaQcy gS
isM+ osQ mQij jgus okyk

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

if{k;ksa dk jktk (x#M+)

rhu us=kksa okyk (f'ko)
ftuosQ gkFk esa f=k'kwy gS ('kadj)
Ropk] Nky
/kj.k djrk gqvk
LoxZ] eks{k
NkN] eBk
bUnz dk

vH;kl%
1- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lhefUruh"kq dk ------------------ jktk -------------------- xq.kkske%A
([k) oaQ lt?kku ------------------ dk ------------------------------ xk \
(x) osQ -------------------------- oaQ ---------------------- u ckkrs 'khre~AA
(?k) o`{kkxzoklh u p ------------------- ------------------ u p 'kwyikf.k%A
2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d
d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;qs
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU?kk
oaQ lt?kku ".k%
dFka fo".kqina izkDs ra
104

[k
v=kSoksDra u cq;rsA
ra 'kL; nqyHZ ke~A
e`xkr~ lg% iyk;rsA
dk'khryokfguh xk A
#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

3- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka u bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& lg% dfj.kka oqQya gfUrA

vke~

(d) dkrjks ;qs ;qn~ ;rsA

([k) dLrwjh e`xkr~ tk;rsA
(x) e`xkr~ lg% iyk;rsA
(?k) oaQl% t?kku ".ke~A
() ra 'kL; nqyHZ ke~A
(p) t;Ur% ".kL; iq=k%A
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fya foHkfDra opup fy[kr&
inkfu

fye~

foHkfDr%

opue~

dLrwjh

iqfYye~
----------------

"k"Bh
----------------

cgqopue~
----------------

;qs

----------------

----------------

----------------

lhefUruh"kq

----------------

----------------

----------------

cyoUre~

----------------

----------------

----------------

'kwyikf.k%

----------------

----------------

----------------

'kL;

----------------

----------------

----------------

;Fkk&dfj.kke~

izgsfydk%

105

5- dks"BdkUrxZrkuka inkukeqi;qDrfoHkfDriz;ksxus vuqPNsna iwj;r&

,d% dkd% ---------------- (vkdk'k) M;eku% vklhr~A r`"kkrZ% l% ---------------- (ty)
vUos"k.ka djksfrA rnk l% ---------------- (?kV) vYia ---------------- (ty) i';frA
l% ---------------- (miy) vkuh; ---------------- (?kV) ikr;frA tya ---------------(?kV) mifj vkxPNfrA ---------------- (dkd) lkuUna tya ihRok r`I;frA

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa nh x;h igsfy;ksa osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; igsfy;k v/ksfyf[kr gSaA
mUgsa i<+dj Lo;a le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa vkSj Kkuo/Zu djsa ;fn u le> ik;sa rks
mkj ns[ksaA
(d) ph f=k'kwyh u gjks u fo".kq%A
egku~ cfy"Bks u p Hkhelsu%A
LoPNUnxkeh u p ukjnksfi
lhrkfo;ksxh u p jkepUnz%AA
([k) u rL;kfnuZ rL;kUr% e;s ;LrL; fr"BfrA
rokI;fLr eekI;fLr ;fn tkukfl rn~onAA
(x) vinks nwjxkeh p lk{kjks u p if.Mr%A
veq[k% LiqQVoDrk p ;ks tkukfr l if.Mr%AA
mkj&(d) o`"kHk%] ([k) u;ue~] (x) i=ke~

106

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

ifjf'k"Ve~
lfU/%
iwoiZ nL; vfUreo.ksuZ lee~ mkjinL; iwooZ .kZL; esyusu ;RifjorZua Hkofr rRlfUk%
bfrA
;Fkk& fo|k $ vky;%
fon~;~ vk $ vk y;%
fo|ky;%
,oeso
;fn $ vfi ;|fi
dfo $ bUnz% dohUnz%
lkekU;r% lfU/% f=kfo/%] r|Fkk&
(d) LojlfU/% vp~lfU/% ok
([k) O;tulfU/% gy~lfU/% ok
(x) folxZlfU/%
(d) LojlfU/% & Lojo.ksuZ lg Lojo.kZL; esyua Loj&lfU/% dF;rsA laLrHkk"kk;ka
Lohrk% Lojo.kkZ% bes lfUr&v] vk] b] bZ] m] ] ] y`] y`] ,] ,s] vks]
vkSA LojlU/kS ,rs"kka ijLijesyua HkofrA v=k osQfpn~ fof'k"Vk% lU/;%
mYys[kuh;k%&
(i) nh?kZlfU/% & v] b] m] gLosH;ks nh?ksHZ ;ks osfr o.ksHZ ;% ije~ v] b]
m] osfr Loj% nh?kkZ% ok o.kkZ% HkofUr psr]~ r;ks% esyusu nh?kZ%
HkofrA (lw=ke~&vd% lo.ksZ nh?kZ%)
mnkgj.kkfu& eqj $ vfj% eqjkfj%
ikB $ vkjEHk% ikBkjEHk%
nf{k.k $ v;ue~ nf{k.kk;ue~
LojkT; $ vkUnksyue~ LojkT;kUnksyue~
dfo $ bUnz% dohUnz%
ifjf'k"Ve~

107

eqfu $ bZ'oj% equh'oj%

egh $ bUnz% eghUnz%
egh $ bZ'oj% egh'oj%
Hkkuq $ mn;% Hkkuwn;%
y?kq $ mfeZ% y?kwfeZ%
o/w $ mn;% o/wn;%
fir` $ .ke~ fir.ke~
lkekU;&izf;k
v $ v vk
v $ vk vk
vk $ v vk
vk $ vk vk

b
b
bZ
bZ

$
$
$
$

b
bZ
b
bZ

bZ
bZ
bZ
bZ

m
m

$
$
$
$

m

m

$
y` $ y` y

(ii) ;.k~lfU/% & b] m] ] y` osfr o.kZL; i'pkr~ fHkUuLojo.kZ% Hkofr

psr~ b] m] ] y` bR;s"kka LFkkus e'k% ;~] o~] j~] y~ vkns'k% HkofrA
(lw=ke~&bdks ;.kfp)
mnkgj.kkfu&
;fn $ vfi ;|fi
e/q $ vfj eofj%
o/w $ vkxeue~ ookxeue~
fir` $ vkns'k% fi=kkn'k%
y` $ vkfr% ykfr%
108

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

lkekU;&izf;k
b@bZ $ v] vk] m] ] ] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS
m@ $ v] vk] b] bZ] ] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS
@ $ v] vk] b] bZ] m] ] ] y`] ,] ,s]
y`@y` $ v] vk] b] bZ] m] ] ] ] y`] ,]
(iii) xq.klfU/% & v] vk bR;u;ks% i'pkr~ b] m]
psr]~ e'k% ,] vks] vj~] vy~ ok HkofrA
mnkgj.kkfu&
nso $ bUnz% nsoUs nz%
nso $ bZ'k% nso's k%
ij $ midkj% ijksidkj%
,d $ u% ,dksu%
egk $ feZ% egksfeZ%
nso $ f"k% nsof"kZ%
ro $ y`dkj% roYdkj%

;~
o~
vks] vkS j~~
,s] vks] vkS y~
] osfr o.kZ% vkxPNfr
(lw=ke~&vkn~x.q k%)

lkekU;&izf;k
v@vk $ b] bZ
v@vk $ m]
v@vk $
v@vk $ y`

,
vks
vj~
vy~

(iv) o`flfU/% & v@vk bR;u;ks% i'pkr~ ,@,s] vks@vkS osfr o.kZ% vkxPNfr
psr]~ e'k% ,s] vkS ok HkofrA (lw=ke~&o`fjsfp)
mnkgj.kkfu&
,d $ ,de~ ,oSQde~
lkekU;&izf;k
nso $ ,s'o;Ze~ nso'S o;Ze~
v@vk $ ,] ,s ,s
xk $ vks?k% xk?S k%
v@vk $ vks] vkS vkS
egk $ vks"kf/% egkS"kf/%
ifjf'k"Ve~

109

(v) v;kfnlfU/% & ,] ,s] vks] vkS osfr o.kZL; i'pkr~ dksfi Lojo.kZ%
vkxPNfr psr]~ rRLFkkus e'k% v;~] vk;~] vo~] vko~ ok vkns'k% HkofrA
(lw=ke~&,pks;ok;ko%)
mnkgj.kkfu&
lkekU;&izf;k
us $ vue~ u;ue~
, $ Lojo.kkZ% v;~
xS $ vd% xk;d%
,s $ Lojo.kkZ% vk;~
iks $ vue~ ioue~
vks $ Lojo.kkZ% vo~
ikS $ vd% ikod%
vkS $ Lojo.kkZ% vko~

dkjde~
okD;s f;k;k% l|% vUo;% ;su insu 'kCnsu ok lg Hkofr rRina dkjoaQ HkofrA
dkjdk.kke~ vFk izdk'kf;rqa ;s"kka izR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs (izR;;k%)
dkjdfoHkDr;% HkofUrA
lkekU;r% foHkfDr% f}fo/k&
(i) dkjdfoHkfDr% (ii) miinfoHkfDr%
dkjdfoHkfDr% & dkjd}kjk iz;Dq rfoHkfDr% dkjdfoHkfDr% HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd%
fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k ckyd% bR;=k dkZd
` kjdfefr izFkek foHkfDr%A fo|ky;e~
bR;=k deZdkjdfefr f}rh;k foHkfDr%A
miinfoHkfDr% & ine~ vkfJR; ;k foHkfDr% lk miin&foHkfDr%A ;Fkk&xqjos ue%A
v=k ^ue%* bfr inL; iz;ksx.s k prqFkhZ foHkfDr%A
vfHkr% & xzkee~ vfHkr% ioZrk% lfUrA
ifjr% & xzkea ifjr% m|kue~ vfLrA
110

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

mHk;r%
loZr%
lg
lkoaQ
lee~
lk/
vye~
ue%
Lokgk
Lo/k
o"kV~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

fo|ky;e~ mHk;r% iq"iokfVdkA

iq"iokfVdka loZr% o`{kk% lfUrA
'k'kk.s k lg jksfg.kh x`ga xrorhA
e;k lkoaQ Roa xPNflA
Ro;k lee~ vga xPNkfeA
iz/kuefU=k.kk lk/ efU=k.k% vfi xroUr%A
vye~ fooknsuA vya Jes.kA jke% jko.kk; vye~A
xqjos ue%A
vXu;s LokgkA
fir`H;% Lo/kA
nsork;S o"kV~A

milxZ%
/krks% iwoeZ ~ milxkZu~ ;kstf;Rok o;a uwruf;kinkuka fuekZ.ka oqQeZ%A milxkZ% lkkkj.kr%
}ko'kfr% (22) la[;dk% lfUr] r|Fkk&iz] ijk] vi] le~] vuq] vo] fuj~] ful~]
nqj]~ nql]~ fo] vk~] fu] vf/] vfi] vfr] lq] mr~] vfHk] izfr] ifj] miA milxZ;ksxus
/kRoFkZ% Dofpr~ ifjorZrAs vr% dF;rs&
milxs.Z k /kRoFkksZ cyknU;=k uh;rsA
fogkjgkjlagkjizgkjifjgkjor~AA
;Fkk& fo $ fogjfr
le~ $ lagjfr
mi $ migjfr
ifj $ ifjgjfr
ifjf'k"Ve~

111

izR;;%
foHkfDrjfgrL; ewy'kCnL; vUrs] vFkZ;rq a 'kCna izfriknf;raq ;% 'kCn% o.kksZ ok iz;Tq ;rs
l% izR;;% dF;rsA foHkfDrjfgr% ewy'kCn% laLrO;kdj.ks izfr% mP;rsA izfrfj;a
f}fo/k] r|Fkk&/krq% izkfrifndpA
,oa /krks% izkfrifndkr~ p vuUrja ;% o.kZ% iz;Tq ;rs l% izR;;% HkofrA ;Fkk&^jke%*
bfr 'kCns ^jke* izkfrifnd% vfLr] folxZ% (lq) p izR;;ks orZrAs rFkSo ^ifBRok*
bfr 'kCns iB~ bfr /krq% orZrs DRok p izR;;% bfrA
izR;;k% ipfo/k% HkofUr] r|Fkk&foHkfDr%] r~] rfr%] L=khizR;;%]
kkRoo;o'pA v=k bes izR;;k% vfi vocks/uh;k%A
(d) foHkfDr% & /krwuke~ vuUrja ^fr] r%] fUr*&izHk`r;% izR;;k% izkfrifndkuka p
vuUrja lq&vkS&tl~&izHk`Rk;% izR;;k% foHkfDr&izR;;k% HkofUrA
;Fkk& jke $ lq jke% (izkfrifnosQu fu"i%)
xe~ $ fr xPNfr (/krqfHkfu"i%)
iB~ $ fUr iBfUr (/krqfHkfu"i%)
([k) r~ & /krks% i'pkr~ iz;Dq rk% izR;;k% r~iRz ;;k% HkofUrA
;Fkk& iB~ $ Y;qV~ iBue~
(x) rfr% & laKk;k% loZukEu'p i'pkr~ iz;Dq rk% izR;;k% rfrk% HkofUrA
;Fkk& f'ko $ v.k~ 'kSo%A
(?k) L=khizR;;% & iqfa y'kCnku~ L=khfy"s kq ifjofrZraq ;s izR;;k% iz;ksxs O;ofgz;Urs
rs L=khizR;;k% lfUrA
;Fkk& prqj $ Vki~ prqjk
nkr` $ hi~ nk=kh
112

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

() /kRoo;o% & /krks% foHkDrs'p e;s lu~&'ki~&f.kp~&izHk`r;% izR;;k% kkRoo;ok%

HkofUrA
;Fkk& iB~ $ f.kp~ $ fri~ ikB;fr
vk~yHkk"kk;ka izR;;% bfr 'kCnL; rs Suffix bfr 'kCnks orZrAs osQpu ize[q kk%
O;kogkfjdk'p izR;;k% lfUr & DRok] rqeuq ]~ 'kr`] 'kkup~] rO;r~] vuh;j~] Dr]
Drorq] ?kk~] Vki~] Y;qV]~ f.kp~] Y;i~] bR;kn;%A
dkfupu mnkgj.kkfu
DRok & xe~ $ DRok xRok tkdj
iB~ $ DRok ifBRok i<+dj

vga iqLroaQ ifBRok

x`ga xfe";kfeA

gl~ $ DRok gflRok gldj

Y;i~ & ifj $ R;t~ $ Y;i~ ifjR;T; NksMd
+ j
fo $ gl~ Y;i~ fogL; gldj

';ke% x`ga ifjR;T;

oua xroku~A

mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~ mixE; lehi tkdj

rqeuq ~ & uh $ rqeuq ~ usreq ~ ykus osQ fy;s

xe~ $ rqeuq ~ xUrqe~ tkus osQ fy;s
iB~ $ rqeuq ~ ifBrqe~ i<+us osQ fy;s
py~ $ rqeuq ~ pfyrqe~ pyus osQ fy;s

ifjf'k"Ve~

yrk iqLroaQ ifBrqa

iqLrdky;a xPNfrA
vga iQya usreq ~
vki.ak xfe";kfeA

113

'kCn:ikf.k
loZuke&'kCn%
vLen~
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
vge~

f}opue~
vkoke~

cgqopue~
o;e~

f}rh;k

eke~] ek

vkoke~] ukS

vLeku~] u%

r`rh;k

e;k

vkokH;ke~

vLekfHk%

prqFkhZ

ee~] es

vkokH;ke~] ukS

vLeH;e~] u%

ipeh

er~

vkokH;ke~

vLer~

"k"Bh

ee] es

vko;ks%] ukS

vLekde~] u%

lIreh

ef;

vko;ks%

vLeklq

;q"en~
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
Roe~

f}opue~
;qoke~

cgqopue~
;w;e~

f}rh;k

Roke~] Rok

;qoke~] oke~

;q"eku~] o%

r`rh;k

Ro;k

;qokH;ke~

;q"ekfHk%

prqFkhZ

rqH;e~] rs

;qokH;ke~] oke~

;q"eH;e~] o%

ipeh

Ror~

;qokH;ke~

;q"er~

"k"Bh

ro] rs

;qo;ks% oke~

;q"ekde~] o%

lIreh

Rof;

;qo;ks%

;q"eklq

114

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

;r~
iqf YyXs
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
;%

f}opue~
;kS

cgqopue~
;s

f}rh;k

;e~

;kS

;ku~

r`rh;k

;su

;kH;ke~

;S%

prqFkhZ

;LeS

;kH;ke~

;sH;%

ipeh

;Lekr~

;kH;ke~

;sH;%

"k"Bh

;L;

;;ks%

;s"kke~

lIreh

;fLeu~

;;ks%

;s"kq

L=khfyXss
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
;k

f}opue~
;s

cgqopue~
;k%

f}rh;k

;ke~

;s

;k%

r`rh;k

;;k

;kH;ke~

;kfHk%

prqFkhZ

;L;S

;kH;ke~

;kH;%

ipeh

;L;k%

;kH;ke~

;kH;%

"k"Bh

;L;k%

;;ks%

;klke~

lIreh

;L;ke~

;;ks%

;klq

ifjf'k"Ve~

115

uiql
a dfyXss
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
;r~

f}opue~
;s

cgqopue~
;kfu

f}rh;k

;r~

;s

;kfu

r`rh;k

;su

;kH;ke~

;S%

prqFkhZ

;LeS

;kH;ke~

;sH;%

ipeh

;Lekr~

;kH;ke~

;sH;%

"k"Bh

;L;

;;ks%

;s"kke~

lIreh

;fLeu~

;;ks%

;s"kq

bne~
iqf YyXss
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
v;e~

f}opue~
bekS

cgqopue~
bes

f}rh;k

bee~] ,ue~

bekS] ,ukS

beku~] ,uku~

r`rh;k

vusu] ,usu

vkH;ke~

,fHk%

prqFkhZ

vLeS

vkH;ke~

,H;%

ipeh

vLekr~

vkH;ke~

,H;%

"k"Bh

vL;

vu;ks%] ,u;ks%

,"kke~

lIreh

vfLeu~

vu;ks%] ,u;ks%

,"kq

116

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

L=khfyXss
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
b;e~

f}opue~
bes

cgqopue~
bek%

f}rh;k

beke~

bes

bek%

r`rh;k

vu;k

vkH;ke~

vkfHk%

prqFkhZ

vL;S

vkH;ke~

vkH;%

ipeh

vL;k%

vkH;ke~

vkH;%

"k"Bh

vL;k%

vu;ks%

vklke~

lIreh

vL;ke~

vu;ks%

vklq

uiql
a dyXss
foHkfDr%
izFkek

,dopue~
bne~

f}opue~
bes

cgqopue~
bekfu

f}rh;k

bne~] ,ur~

bes] ,us

bekfu] ,ukfu

r`rh;k

vusu] ,usu

vkH;ke~

,fHk%

prqFkhZ

vLeS

vkH;ke~

,H;%

ipeh

vLekr~

vkH;ke~

,H;%

"k"Bh

vL;

vu;ks%] ,u;ks%

,"kke~

lIreh

vfLeu~

vu;ks%] ,u;ks%

,"kq

fo'ks"k% & loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA

ifjf'k"Ve~

117

dkjkUr&L=khfy%
ekr` (ekrk)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/u!

,dopue~
ekrk
ekrje~
ek=kk
ek=ks
ekrq%
ekrq%
ekrfj
gs ekr%!

f}opue~
ekrjkS
ekrjkS
ekr`H;ke~
ekr`H;ke~
ekr`H;ke~
ek=kks%
ek=kks%
gs ekrjkS!

cgqopue~
ekrj%
ekr%
ekr`fHk%
ekr`H;%
ekr`H;%
ekr.kke~
ekr`"kq
gs ekrj%!

Lol` (cgu)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/u!

118

,dopue~
Lolk
Lolkje~
Lok
Los
Lolq%
Lolq%
Lolfj
gs Lol%!

f}opue~
LolkjkS
LolkjkS
Lol`H;ke~
Lol`H;ke~
Lol`H;ke~
Loks%
Loks%
gs LolkjkS!

cgqopue~
Lolkj%
Lol%
Lol`fHk%
Lol`H;%
Lol`H;%
Lol.kke~
Lol`"kq
gs Lolkj%!

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

udkjkUr&iqf Yy%
jktu~ (jktk)
foHkfDr%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

izFkek

jktk

jktkukS

jktku%

f}rh;k

jktkue~

jktkukS

jkK%

r`rh;k

jkKk

jktH;ke~

jktfHk%

prqFkhZ

jkKs

jktH;ke~

jktH;%

ipeh

jkK%

jktH;ke~

jktH;%

"k"Bh

jkK%

jkKks%

jkKke~

lIreh

jkfK] jktfu

jkKks%

jktlq

lEcks/u!

gs jktu~!

gs jktkukS!

gs jktku%!

/krq&:ikf.k
[kkn~ ([kkuk)
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

ifjf'k"Ve~

,dopue~
[kknfr
[kknfl
[kknkfe

f}opue~
[kknr%
[kknFk%
[kknko%

cgqopue~
[kknfUr
[kknFk
[kknke%

119

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
[kkfn";fr
[kkfn";fl
[kkfn";kfe

f}opue~
[kkfn";r%
[kkfn";Fk%
[kkfn";ko%

cgqopue~
[kkfn";fUr
[kkfn";Fk
[kkfn";ke%

y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
v[kknr~
v[kkn%
v[kkne~

f}opue~
v[kknrke~
v[kknre~
v[kknko

cgqopue~
v[kknu~
v[kknr
v[kknke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
[kknrq
[kkn
[kknkfu

f}opue~
[kknrke~
[kknre~
[kknko

cgqopue~
[kknUrq
[kknr
[kknke

fof/fy~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
[kknsr~
[kkns%
[kkns;e~

f}opue~
[kknsrke~
[kknsre~
[kknso

cgqopue~
[kkns;q%
[kknsr
[kknse

,oeso /ko~] [ksy]~ xe~ (xPN)] iB~] j{k~] Hkze]~ ik (fic~)]

gl~] fey~] hM~]&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
120

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

b"k~ (bPNk djuk)

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%

,dopue~
bPNfr
bPNfl

f}opue~
bPNr%
bPNFk%

cgqopue~
bPNfUr
bPNFk

mkeiq#"k%

bPNkfe

bPNko%

bPNke%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
,f"k";fr
,f"k";fl
,f"k";kfe

f}opue~
,f"k";r%
,f"k";Fk%
,f"k";ko%

cgqopue~
,f"k";fUr
,f"k";Fk
,f"k";ke%

y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
,sPNr~
,sPN%
,sPNe~

f}opue~
,sPNrke~
,sPNre~
,sPNko

cgqopue~
,sPNu~
,sPNr
,sPNke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

ifjf'k"Ve~

,dopue~
bPNrq
bPN
bPNkfu

f}opue~
bPNrke~
bPNre~
bPNko

cgqopue~
bPNUrq
bPNr
bPNke

121

fof/fy~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
bPNsr~
bPNs%
bPNs;e~

f}opue~
bPNsrke~
bPNssre~
bPNso

cgqopue~
bPNss;q%
bPNsr
bPNse

la[;kokpdk% 'kCnk% (51 r% 100)

51

,dipk'kr~

62

}k"kf"V%@f}"kf"V%

52

}kipk'kr~@f}ipk'kr~

63

=k;""kf"V%@f=k"kf"V%

53

=k;%ipk'kr~@f=kipk'kr~

64

prq""kf"V%

54

prq%ipk'kr~

65

ip"kf"V%

55

ipipk'kr~

66

"kV~"kf"V%

56

"kV~ipk'kr~

67

lIr"kf"V%

57

lIripk'kr~

68

v"Vk"kf"V%@v"V"kf"V%

58

v"Vkipk'kr~@v"Vipk'kr~

69

uo"kf"V%@,dksulIrfr%

59

uoipk'kr~@,dksu"kf"V%

70

lIrfr%

60

"kf"V%

71

,dlIrfr%

61

,d"kf"V%

72

}klIrfr%@f}lIrfr%

122

#fpjk
r`rh;ks Hkkx%

73

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