NCERT Sanskrit Bhaswati Class XII

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HkkLorh
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(osQfUdikB~;e%)
ISBN 81-7450-637-3
izFke laLdj.k
tuojh 2006 ek?k 1927
iqueqZ.k
vDrwcj 2007 vkf'ou 1929
iQjojh 2009 iQkYxqu 1930
PD 3T ML
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n'ke ikB îzrh{kk* mfM;k lkfgR; osQ ewkZU; ys[kd Jh jekdkUrjFk osQ mfM;k dkO; dk
vuqokn laLr Hkk"kk esa ^Jhjk/k* uke ls izdkf'kr gSA blosQ vuqoknd Jh xksfoUnpUnz mn~xkrk gSaA
mlh dk ,dka'k izrh{kk uke ls izdkf'kr gSA ;g i| jgL;oknh /kjk dk laLr esa izfrfuf/Ro djrk
gSA blesa jk/k ,oa ".k dk l[;Hkko iznf'kZr gSA jk/k ".k dh izrh{kk esa vR;Ur O;koqQy gks tkrh
gSA O;koqQyrk esa mldh euksn'kk cM+h vn~Hkqr gks tkrh gSA og fofHkUu :iksa esa ".k dh Nfo dks
ns[krh gSA ".k dh ;g Nfo vfuoZpuh; gSA muosQ ldy :i dk o.kZu vlEHko gSA d.k&d.k
esa fo|eku og mikL; HkDr dks vusd :iksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ,d izdkj ls ;g xhr izrhdkRed
o jgL;kRed gSA
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gSA rFkkfi bls Nk=kksa osQ fy, vkSj vf/d mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vuqHkoh laLr v;kidksa osQ
cgqewY; lq>koksa dk ge lnSo Lokxr djsaxsA
f'k{kdksa ls fuosnu
f'k{kdksa ls fuosnu gS fd og ikBksa dks i<+krs le; v/ksfcUnqvksa ij ;ku nsaA
^vuq'kklue~* ikB dk v;kiu djrs le; ikB osQ vfrfjDr uSfrd ewY;ksa dk ifjp; Hkh
nsa rFkk ikBkUrxZr f'k{kkvksa dh lkoZHkkSfedrk ,oa lkoZdkfydrk osQ lEcU/ esa crk, rFkk mifu"kn~
lkfgR; dk laf{kIr ifjp; nsaA
cqpfjr osQ vk/kj ij egkRek cq osQ lan's k ,oa egkdfo v'o?kks"k dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; nsAa
xiii
egkdfo Hkkl dh ukV~;jpukvksa dk ifjp; rFkk jke osQ vkn'kks dk ,oa uSfrd ewY;ksa ls
Nk=kksa dks ifjfpr djok,A f'k{kd Nk=kksa dks vfHku; dyk osQ izfr izsfjr djsaA
iztkuqjtdks uì% osQ vk/kj ij egkdfo dkfynkl osQ O;fDrRo rFkk frRo dk n'kZu
djk, ,oa iztkuqjtu gh jktk dk eq[; /eZ gS jke osQ bl vkn'kZ dks ckydksa osQ ekul esa lafo"V
djsaA
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk ikB osQ ek;e ls dkZO; osQ izfr fu"Bk] bZekunkjh ,oa LokfeHkfDr tSls
ewY;ksa dk izfriknu rFkk laLr osQ dFkk lkfgR; dk ifjp; nsdj vk/qfud ys[kd vfEcdknk
O;kl osQ frRo ls ifjfpr djok,A muosQ lEiw.kZ f'kojkt fot; dks ewy (rFkk fgUnh vuqokn)
i<+us osQ fy, izsfjr djsaA
lwfDrlkSjHke~ dh izkphu ,oa vokZphu lwfDr;ksa osQ ek;e ls Nk=kksa osQ vUr%dj.k esa
uhfr&funs'Z kd roksa dk vaoqQj izLiqQfVr djsaA
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh ikB osQ vk/kj ij HkkSfrd miyfC/ dks thou dk loZLo u ekusa
bl ewY; ls Nk=kksa dks izsfjr djsa rFkk dfo izoj cYykylsu osQ lkfgR; dk ifjp; Hkh nsaA
gYnh?kkVh ikB esa egkjk.kk izrki osQ 'kkS;Z osQ ek;e ls foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ckotwn y{;
osQ izfr vijkt; Hkko ls vfMx jgus dh izsj.kk nsaA
enkylk ikB osQ vk/kj ij ukjh osQ LokfHkeku ,oa ukjh osQ xkSjo dk lUns'k Nk=kksa osQ
vUr%dj.k lafufo"V djsaA
izrh{kk ikB osQ ek;e ls laLr ok~e; esa vuwfnr lkfgR; dk lkekU; ifjp; nsaA
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku
fo"k;kuqef.kdk
i`"Bkk%
iqjksoko~Q
Hkwfedk
ey
e~
V
IX
izFke% ikB%
vuq'kklue~
f}rh;% ikB%
u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl
r`rh;% ikB%
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh
16
prqFkZ% ikB%
iztkuqjtdks uì%
27
ipe% ikB%
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
34
"k"B% ikB%
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
43
lIre% ikB%
uSoQs ukfi lea xrk olqerh
52
v"Ve% ikB%
gYnh?kkVh
63
uoe% ikB%
enkylk
72
n'ke% ikB%
izrh{kk
82
ifjf'k"V
vuq'kaflr xzUFk
87
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku
Hkkx 4d
ukxfjdksa osQ ewy drZO;

vuqPNsn 51 d
ewy drZO; & Hkkjr osQ izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og &
(d) lafo/ku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlosQ vkn'kks] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vot vkSj jk"Vxku dk vknj
djs_
([k) Lora=krk osQ fy, gekjs jk"Vh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPp vkn'kks dks n;
esa latks, j[ks vkSj mudk ikyu djs_
(x) Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq..k cuk, j[ks_
(?k) ns'k dh j{kk djs vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"V dh lsok djs_
() Hkkjr osQ lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks
/eZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZ ij vkkkfjr lHkh HksnHkkoksa ls ijs gks] ,slh izFkkvksa dk
R;kx djs tks efgykvksa osQ lEeku osQ fo#n~/ gkas_
(p) gekjh lkekfld laLd` fr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egRRo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k
djs_
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mldk laokZu djs rFkk izkf.kek=k osQ izfr n;kHkko j[ks_
(t) oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs_
(>) lkoZtfud laifRr daaks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs_
(k) O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa osQ lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr~
iz;kl djs] ftlls jk"V fujarj c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/ dh ubZ mQpkb;ksa dks Nw
losQ_ vkSj
(V) ;fn ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd gS] Ng o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q okys vius]
;FkkfLFkfr] ckyd ;k izfrikY; dks f'k{kk osQ volj iznku djsA
eye~
LofLr iUFkkeuqpjse lw;kZpUnzelkfooA
iqunZnrk?urk
tkurk laxesefg AA1AA
(Xosn & 5-51-15)
vXus u; lqiFkk jk;s vLeku~ fo'okfu nso o;qukfu fo}ku~A

;q;ks;LeTtqgqjk.kesuks Hkwf;"Bka rs ue mfDra fo/se AA2AA
(;tqosZn & 5-36)
vHk;a fe=kknHk;efe=kknHk;a KkrknHk;a iqjks ;%A

vHk;a uDreHk;a fnok u% lokZ vk'kk ee fe=ka HkoUrq AA3AA
(vFkoZosn & 19-15-6)
HknzfePNUr "k;% LofoZnLriks nh{kkeqifu"ksnqjxzsA

rrks jk"Va cyekst'p tkra rnLeS nsok milaueUrq AA4AA
(vFkoZosn & 19-41-1)
HkkokFkZ%
lw;Z vkSj pUnzek osQ leku ge dY;k.k ds iFk dk vuqxeu djsAa fujUrj nku djrs
gq,] Vdjko/glk dks NksM+ dj ijLifjd rkSj ij ,d nwljs dks tkurs/le>rs gq,
lkFk&lkFk pysa AA1AA
gs vfXunso! gesa /u o ,s'o;Z dh izkfIr osQ fy, vPNs ekxZ ls ys pyaAs vki lEiw.kZ
mke ekxks ds Kkrk gSAa vr% gesa ikikpj.k ,oa oqQfVy ekxZ ls cpk,A ge vkidks
cgqr izdkj ls ueLdkj djrs gSa AA2AA
HkkLorh
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gesa fnu vkSj jkf=k esa fuHkZ;rk dh izkfIr gksA vHk; osQ fy, lHkh fn'kk, fe=kor~
dY;k.kdkjh gksa AA3AA
lcosQ fgrfpUrd vkReKkuh f"k l`f"V osQ izkjEHk esa ri vkSj nh{kkfn fu;eksa dk
ikyu djus yxsA mlh ls jk"Vh; Hkkouk] cy vkSj lkeF;Z dh mRifk gqbAZ vr,o
Kkuh yksx ml (jk"V) osQ le{k fouez gksa (jk"V lsok djs)a AA4AA
izFke% ikB%
vuq'kklue~
izLrqr va'k oSfnd ok~e; esa vf}rh; LFkku j[kus okys rSfkjh; mifu"kn~ osQ X;kjgosa vuqokd
(f'k{kkoYyh) ls ladfyr gSA mifu"knksa dk izknqHkkZo oSfnd Kku osQ fodkl :i esa gqvk gSA
mifu"kn~ dk vFkZ gS (KkukFkZ) xq# osQ lehi cSBukA bl xq#f'k"; ijEijk esa v;;u osQ
mijkUr vkpk;Z osQ }kjk f'k"; dks thouksi;ksxh ;g mins'k fn;k x;kA ;g euksje mins'k brus
lgtHkko ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd lh/k n; dks Li'kZ djrk gSA
osneuwP;kpk;ksZ Ursokflueuq'kkfLrA lR;a onA /e pjA Lok;k;kUek izen%A vkpk;kZ;

fiz;a /uekR; iztkrUrqa ek O;oPNsRlh%A lR;k izefnrO;e~A /ekZUu izefnrO;e~A
oqQ'kykUu izefnrO;e~A HkwR;S u izefnrO;e~A Lok;k;&izopukH;ka u izefnrO;e~A
nsofir`dk;kZH;ka u izefnrO;e~A ekr`no
s ks HkoA fir`no
s ks HkoA vkpk;Zno
s ks HkoA
vfrfFknsoks HkoA ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k] rkfu lsforO;kfu] uks brjkf.kA ;kU;LekoaQ
lqpfjrkfu rkfu Ro;ksikL;kfu] uks brjkf.kA vFk ;fn rs deZfofpfdRlk ok
o`kfofpfdRlk ok L;kr~A ;s r=k czk.kk% lEef'kZu%] ;qDrk vk;qDrk%] vyw{kk
/eZdkek% L;q%] ;Fkk rs r=k orsjZ u~ rFkk r=k orsFZ kk%A ,"k vkns'k%A ,"k mins'k%A
,"kk osnksifu"kr~A ,rnuq'kklue~A ,oeqikflrO;e~A ,oa pSrnqikL;e~A
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vuq'kklue~
vuwP;
vUrsokflue~
&
&
&
vuq'kkfLr
&
vuq $ 'kkl~ $ Y;qV~] vkns'k (f'k{kk)A

vuq $ op~ $ Y;i~ (i<+kdj)A
xqjksjUrs lehis olrhfr vUrsoklh lIreh vyqo~Q f}rh;k ,dopu]
f'k"; dksA
vuq $ 'kkl~ $ yV~ iz-iq- ,dopu] mins'k nsrk gSA
HkkLorh
Lok;k;kr~
ek izen%
vkR;
iztkrUrqe~
ek O;oPNsr~lh%
HkwR;S
vuo|kfu
brjkf.k
lqpfjrkfu
mikL;kfu
Js;kal%
vklusu
iz'oflrO;e~
J;k
lafonk
deZfofpfdRlk
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
laef'kZu%
;qkQk%
vk;qkQ%
vyw{kk%
/eZdkek%
orsZju~
orsZFkk%
vkns'k%
osnksifu"kr~
mikflrO;e~
mikL;e~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
Lo $ v;k;kr~] ia- ,dopu] Lok;k; lsA

vkyL; er djksA
vk $ $ Y;i~] ykdjA
iztk;k% rUrq%] f}rh;k ,dopu] oa'kijEijk dksA
fo $ vo~ $ fNn~] yq~ e-iq- ,dopu] er rksM+ks
Hkwfr prqFkhZ ,dopu] ,s'o;Z (/u) osQ fy,A
u $ vo|kfu] uk~ rRiq-] izFkek cgqopu] vfuU|A
nwljsA
lRdeZA
mikflrqa ;ksX;kfu] izFkek cgqopu] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A
dY;k.k djus okys] vf/d Js"BA
vklu osQ }kjkA
iz $ 'ol~ $ rO;r~] mfpr lEeku djuk pkfg,A
Jk lsA
ln~Hkko ls (dkZO;Hkko ls)A
deZf.k fofpfdRlk] lIreh rRiq#"k] mfpr vuqfpr deZ osQ fo"k;
esa lUnsgA
fopkj'khy] lgu'khyA
Kku foKku esa rÌrA
LorU=k fu.kZ; esa leFkZA
v:{kk%] dkseyA
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o`r~ fof/fy~] iz-iq- cgqopu] O;ogkj djsaA
o`r~ fof/fy~] e-iq- ,dopu] O;ogkj djksA
vkKkA
osnL; mifu"kr~] "k-r-lekl] Kku dk lkjA
mi $ vkl~ $ rO;r~] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A
mi $ vkl~ $ ;r~] mikluk djuh pkfg,A
vuq'kklue~
lfU/foPNsn%
vkpk;ksZUrsokflue~
Lok;k;kUek
O;oPNsRlh%
lR;k
;kU;uo|kfu
;kU;Lekde~
Ro;ksikL;kfu
pkLePNs;kal%
Ro;klusu
osnksifu"kr~
pSrnqikL;e~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
vkpk;Z% $ vUrsokflue~
Lok;k;kr~ $ ek
fo $ voPNsRlh%
lR;kr~ $ u
;kfu $ vuo|kfu
;kfu $ vLekde~
Ro;k $ mikL;kfu
p $ vLer~ $ Js;kal%
Ro;k $ vklusu
osn $ mifu"kn~
p $ ,rr~ $ mikL;e~
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%\
([k) lR;kr~ d u dkZO;e~\
(x) vkpk;Z% de~ vuq'kkfLr\
(?k) Lok;k;&izopukH;ka d u dkZO;e~\
() vLekoaQ dkfu mikL;kfu\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) vkpk;ZL; dhn`'kkfu dekZf.k lsforO;kfu\
([k) f'k";% d Rok iztkrUrqa u O;oPNsRlh%\
(x) f'k";k% deZfofpfdRlk fo"k;s dFka orsZju~\
(?k) dkH;ka u izefnrO;e~\
() czk.kk% dhn`'k% L;q%\
HkkLorh
3-
fjDrLFkkuiwfr oqQ#r&
(d) osneuwP;kpk;ksZ ----------------------- vuq'kkfLrA
([k) lR;a ----------------------- /e -----------------------A
(x) ;kU;uo|kfu ----------------------- rkfu lsforO;kfuA
(?k) ;Fkk rs r=k orsZju~ -----------------------A
() ,"kk -----------------------A
4-
ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;srke~&
(d) nsofir`dk;kZH;ka u izefnrO;e~A
([k) ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k rkfu lsforO;kfuA
5-
vkksfufnZ"Vinkuka lekukFkZdinkfu dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

----------------------(d) vuwP;
----------------------([k) lafonk
----------------------(x) f;k
----------------------(?k) vyw{kk
----------------------() mikL;e~
(ln~Hkkou;k] lEcks;] yTt;k] vuqikyuh;e~] v#{kk)

6-
foijhrkFkZdinS%
(d) lR;e~
([k) /eZe~
(x) J;k
(?k) vo|kfu
() yw{kk
;kst;r&
vyw{kk
vJ;k
vuo|kfu
v/eZe~
vlR;e~
7-
vkksfufnZ"Vs"kq ins"kq izfr&izR;;&foHkkxa oqQ#r&

izefnrO;e~] vuo|e~] mikL;e~] vuq'kklue~
vuq'kklue~
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
mifu"kn~
& ekuofpUruL; ijeksiyfCkLo:ik% mifu"kn% fuf'pr:is.k Hkkjrh;laLrs%

vf}rh;k fu/;% lfUrA mifu"kRlq laoknek;esu thotxn~c
z fo"k;drokuka
fu:i.kefLrA ,rklke~ mifu"knka izknqHkkZo% oSfndKkuL; fodklijEijk;ka
tkr%A vLekr~ dkj.kkr~ fofo/oSfnoQ'kk[kkuka nk'kZfudfpUrufodkles
mifu"knka fof'k"Va LFkkue~ vfLrA
prq.kk osnkuka i`Fko~Q i`Fko~Q mifu"kn% lfUrA izeq[kksifu"knka ifjx.kufeRFka
re~A bZ'k&osQu& dB&iz'u&eq.Mdek.MwD;frfkfj% c`gnkj.;dNkUnksX;a pA
bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~] dsuksifu"kn~] dBksifu"kn~] iz'uksifu"kn~] eq.Mdksifu"kn~]
ek.MwD;ksifu"kn~] rSfkjh;ksifu"kn~] c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~] NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~]
,srjs;ksifu"kn~] 'osrk'orjksifu"kn~ bfrA
rSfkjh;ksifu"kn~ & mifu"kfn;a ".k;tqosZnL; rSfkjh;lafgrk;k% czk.kxzUFkL; vfUreks Hkkx%

rSfkjh;kj.;dfefr dF;rsA vfLeu~ vkj.;osQ n'kizikBdk% lfUrA ,rs"kq
izikBosQ"kq lIrer% uoeizikBoQi;ZUra ;ks Hkkx% l ,o rSfkjh;ksifu"kn~ bfr
dF;rsA f'k{kkoYyh czkuUnoYyh Hk`xqoYyh p rs"kka e'k% ukekfuA
f'k{kkoYyh
& v;a ikB% f'k{kkoYyhr% ladfyrksfLrA f'k{kkoYyh izikBosQ vksadkjL;

ego& o.kZua /ekZpj.klEcfU/fopkj'p fo'kn:is.k izLrqr%A
czk.k%
& cz'kCnkr~ fu"iUu%A cz'kCnks Kkuokpd%A vr% czk.k% KkuhA
f}rh;% ikB%
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laLr lkfgR; esa v'o?kks"k dh x.kuk Hkkl ,oa dkfynkl tSls mPPdksfV osQ egkdfo;ksa esa dh
tkrh gSA nk'kZfud egkdfo v'o?kks"k dh fr cqpfjre~ dk laLr lkfgR; esa vf}rh; LFkku
gSA v'o?kks"k dk y{; cq osQ mins'kksa dks dkO; osQ ek;e ls tulk/kj.k rd igqpkuk FkkA
izLrqr ikB cqpfjre~ osQ NBs lxZ ls ladfyr gSA
blesa tc flkFkZ egkfHkfu"e.k osQ fy, x`gR;kx djrs gSa] rc lkjFkh NUnd mUgsa
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jktegy dh vksj tkus osQ fy, dgus ls iwoZ os mldh LokfeHkfDr dh iz'kalk djrs gSaA
rrks eqgwrkZH;qfnrs txPp{kqf"k HkkLdjsA

HkkxZoL;kJeina l nn'kZ u`.kka oj% AA1AA
lqIrfo'oLrgfj.ka
LoLFkfLFkrfogee~A
foJkUr bo ;n~n"` V~ok rkFkZ bo pkHkor~ AA2AA
l foLe;fuo`;Fk ri% iwtkFkZeso pA
Loka pkuqofrZrka j{k'oi`"Bknokrjr~ AA3AA
vorh;Z p iLi'kZ fuLrh.kZfefr okftue~A
NUnoaQ pkczohRizhr% Luki;fo p{kq"kk AA4AA
bea
rk{;ksZietoa
rqjeuqxPNrkA
nf'kZrk lkSE; efDrfoZe'pk;ekReu% AA5AA
u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl
dks tuL; iQyLFkL; u L;knfHkeq[kks tu%A

tuhHkofr Hkwf;"Ba Lotuksfi foi;Z;s AA6AA
bR;qDRok
l egkckgqjuq'kalfpdh"kZ;kA
Hkw"k.kkU;oeqP;kLeS larIreuls
nnkS AA7AA
eqoqQVkhidekZ.ka ef.keknk; HkkLoje~A
czo
q UokD;fena rLFkkS lkfnR; bo eUnj% AA8AA
vusu ef.kuk NUn iz.kE; gq'kks uì%A
foKkI;kseqDrfoJEHka larkifofuo`k;s AA9AA
10
HkkLorh
tjkej.kuk'kkFk izfo"VksfLe riksoue~A

u [kyq LoxZr"ksZ.k ukLusgsu u eU;quk AA10AA
rnsoefHkfu"kUra u eka 'kksfprqegZflA
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13
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vk'p;Ztud gSA
e'k% izkIrA
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gekjs jkT; dk fouk'k gksxkA
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nX/qdkek $ bo] HkLelkRdrZqdkek] ekuksa tykus dh bPNk
okyhA
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mRi djus okys osQ }kjkA
e;k $ ,oe~ $ vfHkfgre~] eSaus ,slk dgkA
vfoKk; $ mikyHkls] fouk tkus mikyEHk nsrs gksA
dfFkre~] izdV dj fn;kA
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u $ ,o $ vkIre~] uSo izkIre~] izkIr ugha fd;kA
u miikfnre~] u lEikfnre~ ugha fd;kA
x`g~.kkrq $ vk;Ziq=k% vk;Z iq=k Lohdkj djsaA
ifr osQ fy, lEcks/uA
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fuok;Zrke~] jksdksA
24
HkkLorh
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk dk jf{krO;k\
([k) 'kjhjs d% izgjfr\
(x) Lotu% oqQ=k izgjfr\
(?k) oSQosQ;k% HkrkZ osQu le% vklhr~\
() d% ekrq% ifjokna Jksrqa u bPNfr\
(p) osQu yksoaQ ;qofrjfgra oQrq fu'p;% r%\
(N) izfrekukVdL; jpf;rk d%\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) jkeL; vfHk"ksd% dFka fuo`k%\
([k) n'kjFkL; eksga JqRok y{e.ksu jks"ks.k fde~ mDre~\
(x) y{e.ksu ddrq fu'p;% r%\
(?k) jkes.k =khf.k ikrdkfu dkfu mDrkfu\
() jke% y{e.kL; jks"ka dFka izfrikn;fr\
3-
js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) e;k ,dkfduk xUrO;e~A
([k) nks"ks"kq cke~ vuqta Hkjra gukfuA
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(?k) ikfFkZoL; ouxeufuo`fk% Hkfo";frA
() 'kjhjs vfj% izgjfrA
4-
vkksfyf[krs"kq laokns"kq d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr&

laokn%
d% dFk;fr\
--------------------(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk i`fFkoh jf{krO;kA
([k) vyeqigrklq L=khcqf"kq LoektZoeqifu{ksIrqe~ ---------------------
oaQ izfr dFk;fr

-----------------------------------------
25
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh
(x) uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kk iztkuke~

(?k) jksfnrO;s dkys lkSfef=k.kk /uqx`Zghre~
() u 'kDuksfe jks"ka /kjf;rqe~
(p) ,ukeqf'; nsorkuka iz.kke% f;rs
(N) ;Rrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5-
ikBekfJR; ^jkeL;* ^y{e.kL;* p pkfjf=kd&oSf'k"V~;a fgUnh@vaxzsth@laLr Hkk"k;k

fy[kr&
6-
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7-
vkksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq izfr&izR;;kS i`Fko~Q Rok fy[kr&

ifj=kkrO;%] oDrO;e~] jf{krO;k] HkforO;e~] iq=korh] Jksreq ]~ folftZr%] xr%] {kksfHkr%] kkjf;rqeA~
8-
vkksfyf[krkuka inkuka laLr&okD;s"kq iz;ksx% dj.kh;%&

'kjhjs] izgjfr] HkrkZ] vfHk"ksd%] ikfFkZoL;] iztkuke~] gLrsu] /S;Zlkxj%] i';kfe] djs.kq%]
xUrO;e~A
9-
vkksfyf[krkuka LoHkk"k;k HkkokFk fy[kr&

(d) 'kjhjsfj% izgjfr n;s LotuLrFkkA
([k) uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kk iztkuke~A
(x) ;fn u lgls jkKks eksga /uq% Li`'k ek n;ke~A
(?k) ;Rrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%A
10- vkksfyf[krins"kq lfU/PNsn% dk;Z%&

jf{krO;sfr] xq.ksuk=k] 'kjhjsfj%] LotuLrFkk] ;sukdk;Ze~] [kYoLer~] fdeI;fHkere~ gLrsuSo]
nX/qdkesoA
26
HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
^dkO;s"kq ukVoaQ jE;e~* bR;uqHkw; egkdfo&Hkklsu je.kh;Roa izfrikn;rk ukVdkfu ,o jfprkfuA
ukVdh;k;k% ijEijk;k% izorZua Hkklknso izkI;rsA ;|fi HkklL; izkekf.koaQ thou&o`ka uSoksiyH;rs
rFkkfi osQpu~ fo}kal% egkdfoe~ mTtf;uhde~ eU;UrsA HkklukVdpozsQ&LoIuoklonRre~]
izfrKk;kSxUkjk;.ke~] izfrekukVde~] vfoekjde~] ckypfjre~] vfHk"ksde~] ipjk=ke~] e;eO;k;ksx%]
#Hke~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] d.kZHkkje~] nwrokD;e~] pk#nke~ p =k;ksn'k ukVdkfu x.;UrsA
izfrekukVde~ & ,rkVde~ lIrkifjfere~ fo|rsA vfLeu~ jkeouoklknkjH; jko.koki;ZUra dFkk
of.kZrk orZrsA ekrqyx`gkr~ fuorZeku% Hkjr% ;nk ekxsZ v;ks;k;k% ik'osZ izfrek&efUnjs Lofnor s"kq
iwoZts"kq egkjkTkL; n'kjFkL; izfreka i';fr rnk l% firq% ej.kfo"k;s tkukfrA rnSo jkejko.k;ks%
;qL; lans'k% izkI;rs] Hkjr% jkeL; lgk;rkFk lSU;cya izs"k;frA izfre;k ukVosQu firq% ej.kL;
lwpuk;k% dkj.kkr~ vL; ukVdL;kfHk/kue~ izfrekukVde~ tkre~A
prqFkZ% ikB%
iztkuqjtdks uì%
izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl fojfpr j?kqoa'k osQ izFke lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bu vkjfEHkd
'yksdksa esa dkfynkl egku~ j?kqoqQy osQ jktkvksa osQ xq.kksa osQ o.kZu osQ ek;e ls lalkj dks ;g
crkus dh ps"Vk djrs gSa fd 'kkldksa esa dkSu&dkSu ls xq.k gksus pkfg,\ jktk dk eq[; /eZ
iztk dk vuqjtu djuk gSA jktk dks iztk osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gh iztk ls dj ysdj dks"k
,df=kr djuk pkfg;sA dj&xzg.k djus dk ms'; vkifk vkus ij iztk dk d"Vfuokj.k djuk
gksrk gSA jktk dks fo}ku~] lR;oknh] bfUnz;fuxzgh rFkk iztkikyd gksuk pkfg,A bl lalkj esa os
gh jktoa'k fpjdky rd jkT; djrs gSa] ftuesa j?kqoa'kh jktkvksa osQ leku xq.k ik, tkrs gSaA
dkfynkl bl osQ ek;e ls u osQoy Hkkjr osQ vfirq fo'o osQ 'kkldksa osQ le{k ;s vuqdj.kh;
vkn'kZ izLrqr djrs gSaA iztkikyu] iztkuqjtu gh 'kkld dk izeq[k /eZ gS&;g ofu bl ls
izdV gksrh gSA
28
HkkLorh
R;kxk; laHk`rkFkkZuka lR;k; ferHkkf"k.kke~A

;'kls foftxh"kw.kka iztk;S x`gesf/uke~ AA1AA
'kS'kosH;Lrfo|kuka ;kSous fo"k;Sf"k.kke~A
okZoQs eqfuo`khuka ;ksxus kUrs ruqR;tke~ AA2AA
j?kw.kkeUo;a o{;s ruqokfXoHkoksfi lu~A
rn~x.q kS% d.kZekxR; pkiyk; izpksfnr% AA3AA
oSoLorks euqukZe ekuuh;ks euhf"k.kke~A
vklhUeghf{krkek|% iz.ko'NUnlkfeo AA4AA
rnUo;s 'kqfefr izlrw % 'kqfekj%A
fnyhi bo jktsUnqfjUnq% {khjfu/kfoo AA5AA
vkdkjln`'kizK% izK;k ln`'kkxe%A
vkxeS% ln`'kkjEHk vkjEHkln`'kksn;% AA6AA
iztkukeso HkwR;Fk l rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A
lgxq.keqR"Vqeknks fg jla jfo% AA7AA
Kkus ekSua {kek 'kDrkS R;kxs 'yk?kkfoi;Z;%A
xq.kk xq.kkuqcfU/RokkL; lizlok bo AA8AA
iztkuka fou;k/kuknz{k.kkj.kknfiA
l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro% AA9AA
}s"s ;ksfi laer% f'k"VLrL;krZL; ;FkkS"k/e~A
R;kT;ks nq"V% fiz;ksI;klhn~xy
q hoksjx{krk AA10AA
29
iztkuqjtdks uì%
l osykoizoy;ka ifj[khrlkxjke~A
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djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
fera Hkk"kUrs ;s rs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] lhferHkk"k.kdrZ. kke~]
lhfer cksyus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
fo $ ft $ lu~ $ m] "k-c-o-] fot;L;&bPNqdkuke~]
fot; dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
x`gs es/Urs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] nkjifjxzgk.kke~] fookg
djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
fo"k;ku~ bPNfUr rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] HkksxkfHkykf"k.kka]
Hkksx dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
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dk R;kx djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
oa'ke~] oa'k osQ fo"k; esaA
ruq oko~Q ,o foHko% ;L; l% cgqohz fg] LoYiok.khizlkj%]
ok.kh dk FkksM+k oSHkoA
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egha f{k;fUr bfr eghf{kr% rs"kke~ f{krh'ojk.kke~] jktkvksa
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30
HkkLorh
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pUnzek%] pUnzekA
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djus okykA
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ln`'kflf;qDr%] izkjEHk osQ leku iQy dh flf okykA
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vk $ nk] yV~ iz-iq- ,-o- x`g~.kkfr] xzg.k djrk gSA
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cM+kbZ u djus okykA
xq.kku~ vuqcufUr] xq.kkuqcfUku%] rs"kka Hkko% rLekr~]
Kkukfnxq.kkuqlkfjRokr~] Kkukfn xq.kksa osQ vuqdj.k djus lsA
lksnjk bo] lgksnj osQ lekuA
fouezrkf'k{k.kkr~] fouezrk vkfn dh f'k{kk nsus lsA
=kk.kkr~] j{kk djus osQ dkj.k lsA
31
iztkuqjtdks uì%
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xbZA
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([k) j?kqoaf'ku% vUrs osQu ruqa R;tfUr\
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() d% fiz;% vfi R;kT;%\
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2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
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32
HkkLorh
(x) osQ ra (j?kqoa'ka) JksrqegZfUr\

(?k) fnyhiL; dk;kZ.kke~ vkjEHk% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
() jfo% jla fdeFkZe~ vknks\
3-
js[kkfr kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) l% iztkukeso HkwR;Fk cfye~ vxzghr~A
([k) iztkuka fou;k/kukr~ l% firk vklhr~A
(x) euhf"k.kka ekuuh;% euq% vklhr~A
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4-
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(d) iztkukeso HkwR;Fk l rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A
([k) vkxeS% ln`'kkjEHk% vkjEHkln`'kksn;%A
(x) l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro%A
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5-
v/ksfyf[krs"kq foijhrkFkZesyua oqQ#r&

;kSous
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ruqokfXoHkoksfi] ;ksxsukUrs] rkH;% $ cfye~] 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoA
33
iztkuqjtdks uì%
8-
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iztkuka fou;k/kuknz{k.kkj.kknfiA
l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro%AA
l osykoizoy;ka ifj[khrlkxjke~A
vuU;'kklukeqoh 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoAA
9-
v/ksfyf[krs"kq fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";;ks% esyua oqQ#r&

ekuuh;%
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izkI;rs&^lxZcU/ks egkdkO;e~* ,rfLeu~ nso%] mnkkxq.k;qDr%] mPpoqQyksRi% {kf=k;ks ok uk;dks
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ykHk% egkdkO;L; iQy:is.k Lohr%A egkdkO;L; ,dfLeu~ lxsZ ,dL;So NUnl% iz;ksx%]
lxkZUrs p NUnfl ifjorZua bfr egkdkO;L; y{k.ks fufnZ"Ve~A ,rr~ lo j?kqoa'kegkdkO;s izkI;rsA
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;kor~ uìk.kka xzkxq.kkuka R;kT;nks"kk.kka pksYys[k% fo|rsA egkdkO;fene~ ,dksuo'kfrlxs"Z kq fucefLrA
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vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ [k.MdkO;s"kq p es?knwre~] rqlagkjp foJqrkfuA
ipe% ikB%
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
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csfM+;ksa esa tdM+k gqvk FkkA 1857 dk LorU=krk laxzke vliQy gks pqdk Fkk] turk fujk'k gks
pqdh Fkh] vaxzstksa osQ vR;kpkj c<+rs tk jgs FksA ,sls le; esa LorU=krk&izkfIr dh vy[k txkus
osQ fy, tgk jktuSfrd eap ij usrk lf; Fks] ogha rRdkyhu ys[kd Hkh bl dk;Z esa ihNs
ugha jgsA caxkyhHkk"kk esa fy[ks x, miU;klksa dh yksdfiz;rk ls izsj.kk izkIr dj vfEcdknk O;kl
us laLrHkk"kk esa f'kojktfot; uked miU;kl dh jpuk dhA blesa ys[kd us f'kokth ,oe~
vkSjaxtsc osQ la?k"kZ dks vk/kj cuk;k gSA izLrqr laikfnr ikB esa nqxZ osQ }kjiky dh bZekunkjh
rFkk LokfeHkfDr dh egkk izfrikfnr djrs gq, cM+s gh ukVdh; <ax ls mldh ijh{kk iznf'kZr
dh xbZ gSA bl ikB osQ laokn cM+s gh jkspd gSa rFkk ikBd dh mRlqdrk dks lrr v{kq..k
cuk, j[krs gSaA
lao` ks fdfpnU/dkjs Hkq'kq.Mha LdU/s fu/k; fuiq.ka fujh{kek.k%] vkxr&izR;kxra

p fon/ku%] izrkinqxnZ kSokfjd% dL;kfi ikn{ksiofufeokJkS"khr~A rr% fLFkjhHkw;
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
35
iqjr% i';u~ lR;fi nhiizdk'ks deI;uoyksd;u~ xEHkhjLojs.kSoe~ voknhr~&^^d%

dks=k Hkks%\ d% dks=k Hkks%\** bfrA
vFk {k.kkuUrja iqu% l ,o iknofujJkohfr Hkw;% lk{ksieokspr~&^^d ,"k
ekeuqkj;u~ eqe"w kZ%q lek;kfr cf/j%\
rrks ^^nkSokfjd! 'kkUrks Hko fdfefr O;Fk eqe"w kqfZ jfr cfkj bfr p onfl\**
bfr oDrkjei';rSokdf.kZ eUnzLojesnjq k ok.khA vFk ^^rr~ d ukKkf; v|kfi
Hkork izHkqo;kZ.kkekns'kks ;n~ nkSokfjosQ.k izgfj.kk ok f=k%i`"Vkss fi izR;qkjennn~
gUrO;% bfr** bR;soa Hkk"kek.ksu }k%LFksu {kE;rkes"k vkxPNkfe] vkxR; p fuf[kya
fuosn;kfe** bfr dFk;u~ }kn'ko"ks.Z k osQukfi fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku% dksfi
dk"kk;oklk% /`rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% laU;klh n`"V%A rrLr;ksjo
s e~ vHkwnkyki%&
laU;klh & dFkeLeku~ laU;kfluksfi dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k\
nkSokfjd%& Hkxou~! laU;klh rqjh;kJelsohfr iz.kE;rs] ijUrq izHkw.kkekKkeqyy
~ ?a ;
futifjp;ennnsok;krhR;kozQq ';rsA
laU;klh & lR;a {kkUrks;eijk/%] ija laU;kfluks czpkfj.k% if.Mrk%] fL=k;ks
ckyk'p u fdefi iz"VO;k%A vkRekue~ vifjpk;;Urksfi izo"s VO;k%A
nkSokfjd%& laU;kflu~! laU;kflu~! cgwDre~] foje u o;a nkSokfjdk cz.kksI;kKka
izrh{kkegs] osQoya egkjktf'koohjL;kKka o;a f'kjlk ogke%A izkg~.ks
egkjktL; lU;ksiklule;s Hkokn`'kkuka izo's kle;ks Hkofr] u rq
jk=kkSA
laU;klh & rr~ d dksfi u izfo'kfr jk=kkS\
nkSokfjd%& (lk{ksie~) dksfi dFka u izfo'kfr\ ifjfprk ok] izkIrifjp;i=kk
ok] vkgwrk ok izfo'kfUr] u rq ;s osQfi lekxrk Hkokn`'kk%A
laU;klh & nkSokfjd! br vk;kfg fdefi d.ksZ dFkf;";kfeA
nkSokfjd%& (rFkk ROkk) dF;rke~A
36
HkkLorh
laU;klh & ;fn Roa eka izfo'kUra u izfr#U/s% rn/quo

S ifj"rikjnHkLe rqH;a
n|ke~ ;Fkk Roa xqtkek=ks.kkfi }kipk'kRla[;kdrqykifjfera rkeza
lqo.k fo/krqa 'kDuq;k%A
nkSokfjd%& gagks] diVlaU;kflu~! dFka fo'okl?kkra Lokfeopua p f'k{k;fl\
rs osQpukU;s HkofUr uhpk ;s mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua opf;Rok
vkRekue~ vU/refl ikr;fUr u o;a f'kox.kkLrkn`'kk%A (laU;kfluks
gLra /`Rok) brLrq lR;a dFk; dLRoe~\ oqQr vk;kr%\ osQu ok izfs "kr%\
laU;klh & vga rq Roka dL;kfi ns'knzkfs g.kks xw<pja eU;sA (gLrek";) rnkxPN
nqxkZ;{klehis] l ,okfHkKk; Ro;k ;Fkksfpra O;ogfj";frA
rr% laU;klh rq ^R;t! ukga iqujk;kL;kfe] ukga iqujsoa dFkf;";kfe]
egk'k;ksfl n;Lo bfr cgq/k vdFk;r~] nkSokfjdLrq rek"; u;so
izpfyr%A
vFk nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluksDre~ ^^nkSokfjd! u eka
izR;fHktkukflA** rr% iqufuZi.q ka fujh{kek.kks nkSokfjdLra i;Zfpuksr&~
^vk%! dFka Jheku~ xkSjlg%\ vk;Z! {kE;rkeuqfprO;ogkj ,rL;
xzkE;ojkdL;A rnokk;Z rL; i`"Bs gLra foU;L;u~ laU;kfl:iks xkSjlg%
leokspr~&
^^nkSokfjd! e;k n`<a ijhf{krksfl] ;Fkk;ksX; ,o ins fu;qDrksfl]
Rokn`{kk ,o oLrqr% iqjLdkj&Hkktukfu HkofUr] yksd};a p fot;UrsA**
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lao`ks
fdfpnU/dkjs
Hkq'kq.Mhe~
LdUks
&
&
&
&
gksus ijA
fdfpr~ $ vUkdkjs oqQN v/sjk (gksus ij)A
cUnwd dksA
dU/s ijA
37
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
fu/k;
fuiq.ke~
fujh{kek.k%
vkxr&izR;kxra
fon/ku%
izrkinqxZnkSokfjd%
dL;kfi
ikn{ksiofufeokJkS"khr~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
rr%
fLFkjhHkw;
iqjr%
i';u~
lR;fi
nhiizdk'ks
deI;uoyksd;u~
voknhr~
d% dks=k Hkks%\
vFk
{k.kkuUrje~
iqu%
l ,o
iknofujJkohfr
lk{ksieokspr~
d ,"k ekeuqkj;u~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
eqew"kqZ%
&
j[kdj (fu milxZ /k /krq] Y;i~ izR;;)A

Hkyh&HkkfrA
ns[krs gq, (fu milxZ baZ{k~ /krq] 'kkup~ izR;;)A
vkuk&tkukA
vPNh rjg tkurs&le>rs gq,A
izrkinqxZ dk }kjiky (izrkinqxZL; nkSokfjd%)A
fdlh osQ (dL; $ vfi)A
ikn{ksiofue~ $ bo $ vJkS"khr~] iknkuke~ {ksiL; ofue~
ikn{ksiofue~] iSjksa osQ j[kus tSlh vkokt dks lqukA
rcA
fLFkj gksdj (pkSdUuk gksdj)A
vkxsA
ns[krs gq, (n`'k~ /krq 'kr` izR;;)A
lfr $ vfi (dh fLFkfr esa)A
nhikuke~ izdk'ks] nhi osQ izdk'k esaA
de~ $ vfi $ vuoyksd;u~] fdlh dks u ns[krs gq,A
cksykA
d% $ d% $ v=k] gs! dkSu] dkSu gS ;gk\
blosQ ckn (fiQj)A
{k.kL; vuUrje~A
fiQjA
l% $ ,o] oghA
iknofu% $ vJkfo $ bfr] inofu lquh xbZA
lk{ksie~ $ vokspr~] MkVrs gq, dgkA
d% $ ,"k% $ eke~ $ vuqkj;u~] ;g dkSu eq>s fcuk
mkj fn,A
e`R;q dk bPNqdA
38
HkkLorh
lek;kfr
cf/j%
nkSokfjd
'kkUrks Hko
fdfefr
O;FkZe~
onfl
oDrkjei';rSokdf.kZ
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
vi';rk
&
oDrkje~
vkdf.kZ
eUnzLojesnqjk ok.kh
ukKkf;
f=k%i`"Vksfi
izR;qkjennn~
gUrO;%
bR;soe~
Hkk"kek.ksu
}k%LFksu
{kE;rkes"k%
fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
dk"kk;oklk%
rrLr;ksjsoeHkwnkyki%
&
pyk vk jgk gSA

cgjkA
gs }kjikyA
'kkUr% Hko & 'kkUr gksb,A
fde~ $ bfr] ;g D;kA
O;FkZ ghA
dg jgs gks\
oDrkje~ $ vi';rk $ ,o $ vkdf.kZ] cksyus okys dks
u ns[krs gq, lqukA
n`'k~ /krq] 'kr` izR;;] r`rh;k ,dopu] uk~ vFkZ esa] u
ns[krs gq, ds }kjkA
oDrk dksA
lquk x;kA
eUnzLojs.k esnqjk ok.kh] xEHkhj Loj ls ifjiw.kZA
u $ vKkf;] ugha igpkuk x;kA
f=k% i`"V% $ vfi] rhu ckj iwNs tkus ij HkhA
izR;qkje~ $ vnnn~] mkj u fn, tkus okykA
o; gSA
bfr $ ,oe~] bl izdkjA
Hkk"k~ /krq] 'kkup~ izR;;] cksyrs gq, (osQ }kjk)A
}kj ij fLFkr ls] }kjs fLFkr% ;% l% rsuA
{kE;rke~ $ ,"k%] {kek djsa] ;gA
fHk{kkoVquk $ vuqxE;eku%] fHk{kqd czpkjh }kjk vuqxeu
fd;k tkrk gqvkA
dk"kk;kf.k oklakfl /kj;fr ;% l%] dk"kk; oL=k kkjhA
& rr% $ r;ks% $ ,oe~ $ vHkwr~ $ vkyki%] rc mu
nksuksa esa bl izdkj dk okrkZyki gqvkA
39
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
laU;kfluksfi
& laU;kflu% $ vfiA
dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k
& dBksjHkk"k.kS% $ frjLdjksf"k] dBksjkf.k p rkfu Hkk"k.kkfu

rS%] dBksj Hkk"k.kksa ls frjLr dj jgs gksA
rqjh;kJelsohfr
& rqjh;k $ vkJelsoh $ bfr] rqjh;% p vlkS vkJe%]

ra lsors ;% l%] prqFkZ vkJe dk vuqikyu djus
okysA
izHkw.kkekKkeqYya?;
& izHkw.kke~ $ vkKke~ $ mYya?;] jktk dh vkKk dk

mYya?ku djosQA
futifjp;ennnsok;krhR;kozqQ';rs & futifjp;e~ $ vnnn~ $ ,o $ vk;kfr $ bfr $

vkozqQ';rs] viuk ifjp; u nsrs gq, gh pys vk jgs
gks (vr%) ks/ fd;k tk jgk gSA
{kkUrks;eijk/%
& {kkUr% $ v;e~ $ vijk/%] ;g vijk/ {kek fd;k

x;kA
vkRekueifjpk;;Urksfi
& vkRekue~ $ vifjpk;;Ur% $ vfi] viuk ifjp;

u fn, tkus ij HkhA
izos"VO;k%
& iz milxZ] fo'k~ /krq f.kp~ izR;;$rO;r~ izR;;] izfo"V

djok nsuk pkfg,A
cgwDre~
& cgq $ mDre~] cgqr cksy fn;kA
izos'kle;%
& izos'kL; le;%] izos'k dk le;A
izkIrifjp;i=kk%
& izkIrkfu ifjp;i=kkf.k ;S% rs ftUgksua s ifjp;&i=k izkIr

dj fy, gSaA
izfr#U/s%
& jksdksA
mRdkspyksHksu
& mRdkspL; yksHksu] ?kwl osQ yksHk lsA
i;Zfpuksr~
& igpku fy;kA
40
HkkLorh
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% dL; ofue~ bo vJkS"khr~\
([k) dk"kk;oklk% /`rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% bfr ,rs 'kCnk% dL; fo'ks"k.kkfu lfUr\
(x) d% rqjh;kJelsoh vfLr\
(?k) egkjktL; lU;ksiklule;% dnk Hkofr\
() osQ mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua op;fUr\
(p) R;t! ukga iqujk;kL;kfe] ukga iqujsoa dFkf;";kfe] egk'k;ksfl] n;Lo bfr d% vonr~\
(N) nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk osQu ijhf{krk\
2-
,dokD;su mkje~ nh;rke~&

(d) jk=kkS osQ osQ izfo'kfUr\
([k) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk fde~ mDre~\
(x) egkjkta izR;fHkKk; nkSokfjd% fde~ vonr~\
(?k) d% de~ dBksjHkk"k.kS% frjLdjksfr\
() ^nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk* v;e~ ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ x`ghr%\
(p) f'kox.kk% dhn`'kk% vklu~\
(N) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~ de~ veU;r\
3-
iz'ufuekZ.ke~ js[kkafdrinkU;k/`R; oqQ#r&

(d) egkjktf'koohjL; vkKka o;a f'kjlk ogke%A
([k) uhpk mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua opf;Rok vkRekue~ vU/rels ikr;fUrA
(x) nqxkZ;{k% ,o ;Fkksfpre~ O;ogfj";frA
(?k) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~ vk"; u;Uuso izpfyr%A
() nkSokfjdL; i`"Bs gLra foU;L;u~ laU;kfl:iks xkSjlg% vonr~A
(p) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk mDre~A
(N) laU;klh rqjh;kJelsoh bfr iz.kE;rsA
(t) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% dL;kfi ikn{ksiofue~ vJkS"khr~A
41
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
4-
5-
leklfoxzg% f;rke~&
(d) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd%
(x) {k.kkuUrje~
() }k%LFksu
(N) xEHkhjLojs.k
lfUkPNsn% f;rke~&
(d) fdfpnU/dkjs
(x) v|kfi
() dks=k
(N) {kkUrks;eijk/%
([k) nhiizdk'ks
(?k) iknofu%
(p) dBksjHkk"k.kS%
([k) 'kkUrks Hko

(?k) bR;soe~
(p) rn/quSo
(t) cgwDre~
6-
milxZ&izfr@izfr&izR;;&foHkkxa n'kZ;r&
(d) fu/k;
([k) izR;kxre~
(x) fon/ku%
(?k) fujh{kek.k%
() Hkk"kek.ksu
(p) vfHkKk;
(N) i';u~
(t) vuqkj;u~
7-
fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";su lg ;kst;r&

xEHkhjs.k
eqew"kqZ%
dBksjS%
ifj"re~
diVh
mRdkspyksHkh
ns'knzksfg.k%
vkgwrk%
tu%
xw<pj%
ikjnHkLe
Lojs.k
Hkk"k.kS%
vH;kxrk%
lU;kflu~
uhp%
42
HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
yksdkskjkuUnnkrk izcU/% dkO;ukeHkko~QA
n`';a JO;fefr }s/k rRdkO;a ifjdhfrZre~ AA1AA
dkO;L; izdkjk%&x|i|Hksnsu vkdkjHksnsu p
x|a i|a rFkk x|i|a JO;fefr f=k/kA
lUnHkZxzUFkHksnsu izR;soaQ rn~ f}/k Hkosr~ AA2AA
vYi% lUnHkZ bR;qDr% i=ka okfi Lroks ;FkkA
xzUFkLrq c`gnkdkjks yksosQ iqLrdukeHkko~Q AA3AA
x|SfoZ|ksfrra ;r~ L;kn~ x|dkO;a rnhfjre~A
xzUFk:ia rnsok=k JO;a fdfpfUu:I;rs AA4AA
miU;klinsukfi rnso ifjdF;rsA
;Fkk dknEcjh ;}k f'kojktfot;ks ee AA5AA
brj'kqx|dkO;ys[kdk%
vLekoaQ egkekU;k /U;k% lqcU/q&ck.k&nf.Muks egkdo;ks oklonkkdknEcjhn'koqQekjpfjrkfu
lqkkekqjkf.k lnk lnuqHkO;kfu x|dkO;kfu fojP; HkkjrOk"k lcgq ekueoqQoZu~
v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lekukFkkZfu inkfu ikBsUos"VO;kfu&
Vgydneh (taking round)
dkSu gS m/j (who is there)
iSjksa dh vkgV] inpki
"k"B% ikB%
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dh lwfDr;k ml lekt osQ euhf"k;ksa }kjk 'krkfCn;ksa rd vuqHkwr mu osQ nSfud
thou osQ vuqHkoksa dks izdV djrh gSaA ;s lwfDr;k dysoj esa LoYi gksrs gq, Hkh vius esa
fo'kky Hkko&xkEHkh;Z dks lesVs gq, gksrh gSaA oLrqr% bUgha lqHkkf"krksa rFkk lwfDr;ksa ls gh ml
Hkk"kk dh le`f |ksfrr gksrh gSA oSfnd dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd ukuk dfo;ksa us bu
esa vius nh?kZdkyhu vuqHkoksa dks 'kCnc fd;k gSA pk.kD;] Hkr`Zgfj] fo".kq'kekZ osQ lqHkkf"kr
tgk fpjdky ls izfl jgs gSa] ogha vk/qfud ys[kd Hkh blosQ ihNs ugha jgsA bl ikB esa
izkphu ,oe~ vokZphu nksuksa dfo;ksa dh pquh gqbZ oqQN lwfDr;ksa dks mifuc fd;k x;k gSA
Nk=kksa dks bu lwfDr;kas dks d.BLFk djuk pkfg;sA okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k&izfr;ksfxrk rFkk nSfud
O;ogkj osQ fy, ;s furkUr mi;ksxh rFkk izHkkoksRiknd gksrh gSaA
Lok;kesdkUrxq.ka fo/k=kk
fofufeZra NknueKrk;k%A
fo'ks"kr% loZfonka lekts
foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~AA1AA
(Hkr`Zgfj%)
:ia izfla u cq/kLrnkgq&

foZ|korka oLrqr ,o :ie~A
vis{k;k :iorka fg fo|k
ekua yHkUrsfrrjka txR;ke~ AA2AA
(eynso 'kkL=kh)
44
HkkLorh
u nqtuZ % lTturkeqifS r 'kB% lgSjfi f'k{;ek.k%A

fpja fueXuksfi lq/k&leqnsz u eUnjks eknZoeH;qifS r AA3AA
(Hk^jkeukFk 'kkL=kh)
d.kkZer` a lwfDrjla foeqP; nks"ks"kq ;Ru% lqegku~ [kykuke~A

fujh{krs osQfyoua izfo'; esyd% d.Vdtkyeso AA4AA
(egkdfo foYg.k)
mRlkg&lEiUuenh?kZl=w ka f;kfof/Ka O;lus"olDre~A

'kwja rKa n`<lkSnp y{eh% Lo;a ;kfr fuoklgsrks% AA5AA
(fo".kq'kekZ)
nh?kZi;
z klsu ra fg oLrq fues"kek=ks.k Hktsn~ fouk'ke~A
drq oqQykyL; rq o"kZeo
s Qa Hkskqa fg n.ML; eqgrw eZ k=ke~ AA6AA
(lwfDreqDrkoyh)
vkjHksr fg dekZf.k JkUr% JkUr% iqu% iqu%A

dekZ.;kjHkek.ka fg iq#"ka JhfuZ"ksors AA7AA
(dL;fpr~)
,osQukfi lqi=q ks.k fo|k;qDrsu lk/qukA

vkkfnra oqQq ya lo ;Fkk pUns.z k 'koZjh AA8AA
(pk.kD;uhfr%)
xq.kh xq.ka osfk u osfk fuxq.Z k%

cyh cya osfk u osfk fucZy%A
fidks olUrL; xq.ka u ok;l%
djh p lgL; cya u ew"kd% AA9AA
(pk.kD;uhfr%)
vth.ksZ Hks"kta okfj th.ksZ okfj cyizne~A

Hkkstus pke`ra okfj HkkstukUrs fo"kkige~ AA10AA
(oS|dh; lqHkkf"kr laxzg)
vusdla'k;ksPNsfn ijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~A

loZL; ykspua 'kkL=ka ;L; ukLR;U/ ,o l% AA11AA
(fgrksins'k)
vYiK ,o iq#"k% izyiR;ta

ikf.MR;lEHk`refrLrq ferizHkk"khA
dakL;a ;Fkk fg oqQjQrsfrrjka fuukna
r}r~ lqo.kZfeg uSo djksfr ukne~ AA12AA
(lwfDr%)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
Lok;ke~
fo/k=kk
Nknue~
loZfonke~
cq/k%
vkgq%
txR;ke~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
Lok/huA
bZ'oj osQ }kjkA
vkoj.kA
lo osfk bfr rs"kke~] lc oqQN tkuus okyksa osQA
fo}ku~ yksxA
dgrs gSaA
lalkj esaA
46
foeqP;
[kykuke~
fujh{krs
osQfyoue~
esyd%
O;lus"kq
vlDre~
;kfr
iz;klsu
fues"k.kek=ks.k
oqQykyL;
'koZjh
osfk
djh
Hks"kte~
okfj
izyifr
vte~
lEHk`refr%
fuukne~
HkkLorh
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
NksM+dj osQA
nq"Vksa dkA
ns[krk gSA
vkeksn&izeksn dk ouA
VA
foifk;ksa esaA
u yxk gqvkA
tkrk gSA
iz;Ru lsA
{k.k ek=k lsA
oqQEHkdkj dkA
jkrA
tkurk gSA
gkFkhA
vkS"kf/A
tyA
cdrk gSA
fujUrjA
fuf'pr cqf okykA
vkoktA
lfU/foPNsn%
Lok;kesdkUrxq.ke~
NknueKrk;k%
ekSueif.Mrkuke~
cq/kLrnkgqfoZ|korke~
&
&
&
&
Lok;ke~ $ ,dkUr $ xq.ke~

Nknue~ $ vKrk;k%
ekSue~ $ vif.Mrkuke~
cq/k% $ rn~ $ vkgq% $ fo|korke~
47
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
yHkUrsfrrjke~
lTturkeqiSfr
lgSjfi
fueXuksfi
eknZoeH;qiSfr
mRlkglEiUuenh?kZlw=ke~
O;lus"olDre~
n`<lkSnp
dekZ.;kjHkek.ke~
,osQukfi
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
yHkUrs $ vfrrjke~
lTturke~ $ miSfr
lgS% $ vfi
fueXu% $ vfi
eknZoe~ $ vfHk $ mi $ ,fr
mRlkg $ lEiUue~ $ vnh?kZlw=ke~
O;lus"kq $ vlDre~
n`<lkSne~ $ p
dekZf.k $ vkjHkek.ke~
,osQu $ vfi
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) d% d.Vdtkye~ i';fr\
([k) 'koZjh osQu Hkkfr\
(x) d% xq.ka osfk\
(?k) vth.ksZ d Hks"kte~ vfLr\
() loZL; ykspua fde~ vfLr\
(p) d% fujUrja izyifr\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) osQ"kka lekts vif.Mrkuka ekSua foHkw"k.ke~\
([k) osQ loZyksdL; nklk% lfUr\
(x) osQu oqQya foHkkfr\
(?k) lg% osQu foHkkfr\
() HkkstukUrs fde~ fo"ke~\
48
HkkLorh
3-
js[kkfr inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) fo/k=kk vKrk;k% Nknua fofufeZre~A
([k) fo|korka fo|k ,o :ie~ vfLrA
(x) y{eh% 'kwja izkIuksfrA
(?k) cyh cya osfkA
() 'kkL=ka ijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~ vfLrA
(p) dkaL;e~ vfrrjka fuukna djksfrA
4-
mfprinS% lg fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ;s ------------ nklk% rs loZyksdL; ------------ (HkofUr)A ;s"kke~ vk'kk ------------ (Hkofr)
rs"kka ------------ nklk;rsA
([k) ,osQu vfi ------------ lk/quk lqiq=ks.k ------------ lo vkkfnra ;Fkk ------------ 'koZjhA
(x) y{eh% mRlkg&lEiUue~ vnh?kZlw=ka ------------ O;lus"kq vlDra ------------ rKa ----------p fuoklgsrks% Lo;a ;kfrA
5-
izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&
;Fkk& :iorke~
(d) re~
([k) izfo';
(x) foeqP;
(?k) Hkskqe~
() dkqZe~
6-
'kCn%
:i
--------------------------------------------------------
izR;;%
erqi~
--------------------------------------------------------
i;kZ;okfpfHk% lg esyua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& Lok;ke~
(d) foeqP;
([k) esyd%
Lok/hue~
{k.kek=ke~
m"V%
foHkfDr%
"k"Bh
--------------------------------------------------------
49
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)
(t)
(>)
(k)
7-
ifjR;T;
jkf=k%
tkukfr
oqQEHkdkjL;
xt%
fujUrje~
dFk;fr
xPNfr
foykseinS% lg ;kst;r&
;Fkk&
(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)
(t)
(>)
(k)
(V)
8-
;kfr
oqQykyL;
'koZjh
osfk
djh
vtlze~
izyifr
eqgwreZ k=ke~
Lok;ke~
vKrk;k%
vif.Mrkuke~
cq/k%
ekue~
[kykuke~
;kfr
rKe~
vk'kk;k%
vklDre~
re~
th.ksZ
if.Mrkuke~
lTtukuke~
ew[kkZ%
viekue~
vk;kfr
vrKe~
fujk'kk;k%
fo}kk;k%
vuklDre~
vre~
vth.ksZ
ijk/hue~
fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r

;Fkk& 'kwje~
(d) ,osQu
([k) vYiK%
iq#"ke~
oqQye~
lqiq=ks.k
(x) loZe~
(?k) ,de~
() lqegku~
9-
iq#"k%
;Ru%
yksde~
d% osQu foHkkfr
(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
()
xq.kh
'koZjh
fo}ku~
lg
oqQye~
pUnzs.k
xq.ksu
cysu
lqiq=ks.k
fo|;k
10- vkksfyf[krkfu inkfu mfpr:is.k la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

fo/k=kk
loZfonke~
y{eh%
vk'kk;k%
Hkw"k.ke~
foHkkfr
ekSue~
d.Vdtkye~
,o
lfUr
'koZjh
'kwje~
lqiq=ks.k
i';fr
rq
'kksHkrs
xq.kh
vfLr
yksdk%
esyd%
oqQye~
fofufeZre~
Nknue~
nklk%
Hkkfr
xq.ksu
i';fr
51
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
11- ikBL; fp=ka n`"V~ok mfprka iafDra fpRok fy[kr&

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
HkkofoLrkj%
1-
olkfe fuR;a lqHkxs izxYHks

n{ks ujs deZf.k orZekus
vks/us nsoijs rKsA
ftrsfUnz;s fuR;eqnh.kZlosAA
2-
ojesdks xq.kh iq=kks u p ew[kZ'krkU;fiA

,d'pUnzLreks gfUr u p rkjkx.kksfi pAA
3-
lnk pjfr [ks Hkkuq% lnk ogfr ek#r%A

lnk /ks Hkqoa 'ks"k% lnk /hjksfodRFku%AA
4-
:i;kSoulEiUuk fo'kkyoqQylEHkok%A
fo|kghuk u 'kksHkUrs fuxZU/k bo d'kqdk%AA
lIre% ikB%
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

izLrqr ikB cYyky lsu jfpr HkkstizcU/ osQ ^HkkstjktL; jkT;izkfIrizcU/* va'k dk lEikfnr
,oa laf{kIr :ikUrj.k gSA euq"; osQ eu esa tc yksHk Nk tkrk gS] rc og fdlh izdkj fu"Bqj
gksdj ?k`f.kr ls ?k`f.kr dk;Z djus ls ugha fgpfdpkrk ;g bl dFkkud }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k
x;k gSA bl ikB esa Hkkst osQ pkpk eqt] ckyd Hkkst dks ejokus dk "kM~;U=k cukrs gSa] ijUrq
Hkkst ml e`R;qdky esa eqt osQ uke ,d lUns'k nsrs gSa] ftl esa ekUkkrk] jko.k vkfn dk
mnkgj.k iznf'kZr djrs gq, lalkj dh u'ojrk iznf'kZr dh xbZ gSA bl 'yksd dks i<+dj u
osQoy Hkkst dk o/ djus okys dk eu ifjofrZr gks x;k] vfirq eqt dks Hkh oSjkX; vk
x;k rFkk Hkrhts osQ o/ ls nq%[kh gksdj izk;f'pkLo:i vfXu esa izos'k djuk pkgrk gSA
ijUrq oRljkt rFkk cqflkxj dh ;kstuk ls Hkkst iqu% thfor ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
ekUkkrk p eghifr% ;g 'yksd laLr lkfgR; dh vewY; fuf/ osQ :i esa izfl gks
x;k gSA
iqjk /kjkjkT;s flU/qy&laKks jktk fpja iztk% i;Ziky;r~A rL; ok/ZD;s Hkkst bfr
iq=k% letfuA l% ;nk ipokf"kZdLrnk firk kReuks tjka KkRok eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqta
eqta egkcyekyksD; iq=ka p ckya laoh{; fopkj;kekl&;|ga jkT;y{ehHkkj/kj.kleFk
lgksnjeigk; jkT;a iq=kk; iz;PNkfe] rnk yksdkiokn%A vFk ok ckya es iq=ka
eqtks jkT;yksHkkf}"kkfnuk ekjf;";fr rnk nkefi jkT;a o`FkkA iq=kgkfuo'kksPNsn'p
bfr fopk;Z jkT;a eqtk; nok rnqRl~xs HkkstekRekua eqekspA
rr% ekn~ jktfu fnoaxrs laikz IrjkT;&laifkeZq tks eq[;kekR;a cqflkxjukekua
O;kikjeq n z ; k nw j hR; rRins U;a fu;ks t ;keklA vFk dnkpu lHkk;ka
T;ksfr%&'kkL=kikjaxr% d'pu czk.k% lekxE; jktkue~ vkg & nso! yksdk% eka
loZKa dFk;fUrA rfRdefi ;FksPNa i`PNA
53
rrks eqt% izkg&HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fo/sfg bfrA foiz% tUeif=kdka fo/k;

mDroku~&
ipk'kRipo"kkZf.k lIreklfnu=k;e~A
Hkkstjktsu HkksDrO;% lxkSMks nf{k.kkiFk%AA
Hkkstfo"kf;.khe~ beka Hkfo";ok.kha fu'kE; eqtks foPNk;onuksHkwrA~ rrks jktk
czk.ka lai"sz ; fu'khFks 'k;ueklk| O;fpUr;r~&;fn jkty{ehHkkst
Z oqQekja xfe";fr]
rnkga thofi e`r%A rr'p vHkqDr ,o l% ,dkdh fdefi fpUrf;Rok
cn's kkkh'oja oRljkta lekdkfjroku~A oRljkt'p /kjkuxjha lEizkI; jktkua
izf.kiR;ksifo""V%A jktk p lkSka futZua fo/k; oRljkta izkg&Ro;k Hkkstks
Hkqous'ojh&fofius jk=kkS gUrO;%] fNUua p rL; f'kj% eRik'osZ vUr%iqje~ vkusrO;e~A
,rfUu'kE; oRljkt% mRFkk; uìa uRok izkokspr~& ;|fi nsokns'k% izek.ke~] iqujfi
dfpn~ oDrqdkeksfLe] lkijk/efi es op% {kUrO;e~A nso! iq=ko/ks u dnkfi
fgrk; HkorhfrA
oRljktL; bna opuekd.;Z oqQfirks jktk izkg&Roa ee lsodksfl] e;k
;RdF;rs Ro;k rn~ fo/s;e~A iqu% oRljkt% jktkKk ikyuh;Sofs r eRok rw".kha
cHkwoA vuUrje~ vfuPNUufi oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos'; jk=kkS oua uhroku~A r=k
vkReuks ok;kstuka KkRok Hkkst% fdefi oRljkta dfFkroku~A rn~opuS% oSjkX;ekiUuks
oRljkt% ra u groku~] vfirq x`gekxR; Hkksta x`gkH;Urjs HkwekS fuf{kI; jj{kA
iqu% f=ke:is.k HkkstL; eLroaQ dkjf;Rok jktHkoua xRok oRljktks jktkua
izkg&Jherk ;nkfn"Va rRlkfkrfefrA rrks jktk Hkksto/a KkRok ra i`"Voku~&oRljkt!
[kM~xizgkjle;s rsu fdeqDre~\
oRljktsu p jkKs HkkstL; vfUrelUns'k:is.k rRiznk% 'yksd% lefiZr%&
54
HkkLorh
ekU/krk p eghifr% r;qxkykjHkwrks xr%

lsr;
q uZs egksnkkS fojfpr% DoklkS n'kkL;kUrd%AA
vU;s okfi ;qfkf"BjizHk`r;ks ;krk fnoa Hkwirs!
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh uwua Ro;k ;kL;frAA
'yksdfeee~ v/hR; 'kksdlUrIrks eqt% izk;f'pka drq vkReuks og~ukS izo's kua
fuf'proku~A jkK% ofizo's kdk;Zea JqRok oRljkt% cqflkxja uRok 'kuS%&'kuS%
izkg&rkr! e;k Hkkstjktks jf{kr ,okfLrA iqu% cqflkxjs.k rL; d.ksZ fdefi
dfFkre~] ;fUu'kE; oRljkt% rrks fu"kUr%A iqu% jkKks ofizo's kdkys d'pu
dkikfyd% lHkka lekxr%A lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ iz.kE; eqt% izkokspn~&gs
;ksxhUnz! egkikfiuks e;k grL; iq=kL; izk.knkusu eka j{ksfrA vFk dkikfydLra
izkokspn~&jktu~! ek HkS"kh%A f'koizlknsu l thforks Hkfo";frA rnk 'e'kkuHkwekS
dkikfydL; ;kstukuqlkja Hkkst% r=k lekuhr%A ^;ksfxuk Hkkstks thfor%* bfr dFkk
yksoQs "kq izlr` kA iqu% xtsUnzk:<ks Hkkstks jktHkouexkr~A lar"q Vks jktk eqt% Hkksta
futlgklus fuos'; futi^jkKhfHk'p lg riksouHkwe xRok ija riLrsiAs Hkkst'pkfi
fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A
55
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
letfu
tjke~
laoh{;
vigk;
o`Fkk
mPNsn%
mRl~xs
fnoaxrs
laizs";
foPNk;onu%
fu'khFks
izf.kiR;
lkS/e~
fofius
eRik'osZ
fo/s;e~
lkf/re~
r;qxkyadkjHkwr%
v/hR;
;krk%
fnoe~
fu'kE;
ek HkS"kh%
izl`rk
vk:<%
n'kkL;kUrd%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
mRiUu gqvkA
cq<+kis dksA
ns[k djosQA
NksM+ djosQA
O;FkZA
uk'kA
xksn esaA
e`R;q dks izkIr djus ijA
Hkst djosQA
dkfUrghu eq[kokykA
jkr esaA
ueLdkj djosQA
egyA
ou esaA
esjs iklA
djuk pkfg,A
fd;kA
lR;;qx osQ vkHkw"k.k Lo:iA
i<+dj osQA
pys x, gaAS
LoxZ dksA
lqudjA
er MjksA
iSQyh gqbAZ
p<+k gqvkA
n'kkL;L; jko.kL; vUrd% uk'kd% jko.k
dk uk'k djus okykA
56
HkkLorh
lfU/foPNsn%
ipokf"kZdLrnk
kReuks
eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqte~
iq=kgkfuoZa'kksPNsn'p
rnqRls
rRinsU;e~
foPNk;onuksHkwr~
jkty{ehHkkst
Z oqQekje~
rnkge~
thoUufi
izf.kiR;ksifo"V%
,rfUu'kE;
ikyuh;Sosfr
lsrq;sZu
n'kkL;kUrd%
uSosQukfi
;fUu'kE;
j{ksfr
,okfLr
jktHkouexkr~
riLrsis
Hkkst'pkfi
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
ipokf"kZd% $ rnk
fg $ vkReu%
eq[; $ vekR;ku~ $ vkgw; $ vuqte~
iq=kgkfu% $ oa'k $ mPNsn% $ p
rr~ $ mRl~xs
rr~ins $ vU;e~
foPNk;onu% $ vHkwr~
jkty{eh% $ HkkstoqQekje~
rnk $ vge~
thou~ $ vfi
izf.kiR; $ mifo"V%
,rr~ $ fu'kE;
ikyuh;k $ ,o
lsrq% $ ;su
n'k $ vkL; $ vUrd%
u $ ,osQu $ vfi
;r~ $ fu'kE;
j{k $ bfr
,o $ vfLr
jktHkoue~ $ vxkr~
ri% $ rsis
Hkkst% $ p $ vfi
57
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) /kjkjkT;s dks jktk iztk% i;Ziky;r~\
([k) flU/qy% dLeS jkT;e~ v;PNr~\
(x) flU/qy% dL; mRl~xs Hkksta eqeksp\
(?k) eqt% oaQ eq[;kekR;a nwjhroku~\
() d% foPNk;onu% vHkwr~\
(p) eqt% oaQ lekdkfjroku~\
(N) oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos'; oqQ=k uhroku~\
(t) r;qxkyadkjHkwr% d vklhr~\
(>) egksn/kS lsrq% osQu jfpr%\
(k) d% okS izos'ka fuf'proku~\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) Hkkst% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\
([k) flU/qy% d fopkj;kekl\
(x) lHkk;ka dhn`'k% czk.k% vkxroku~\
(?k) d% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fufeZroku~\
() eqt% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(p) oRljkt% Hkksta oqQ=k uhroku~\
(N) oRljkt% de~ vuer~\
(t) eqt% dkifyoaQ fde~ mDroku~\
3-
js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) flU/qyL; Hkkst% iq=k% vHkor~A
([k) flU/qy% jkT;a eqtk; v;PNr~A
58
HkkLorh
(x) ,dnk ,d% czk.k% lHkk;ke~ vkxPNr~A

(?k) eqt% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka vn'kZ;r~A
() oRljkt% Hkksta x`gkH;Urjs jj{kA
(p) eqt% og~ukS izos'ka fuf'proku~A
(N) eqt% lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ izk.ker~A
(t) Hkkst% fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A
4-
5-
izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&
;Fkk &
KkROkk
Kk
(d) vkyksD;
([k) laoh{;
(x) vigk;
(?k) nke~
() fopk;Z
(p) nwjhR;
(N) lekxE;
(t) fo/k;
(>) HkksDrO;
(k) lEizs";
milxZ%
&
izfr&izR;;a fu;qT; 'kCna fy[kr&

;Fkk & vk $ lhn~ $ Y;i~ vklk|
(d) tho~ $ 'kr`
([k) e` $ Dr
(x) fpUr~ $ DRok
(?k) gu~ $ rO;r~
/krq%
Kk
izR;;%
DRok
() vk $ uh $ rO;r~
(p) fu $ 'ke~ $ Y;i~
(N) ue~ $ DRok
(t) vk $ d.kZ~ $ Y;i~
(>) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~
(k) eu~ $ DRok
(V) Kk $ DRok
(B) uh $ Drorq
(M) vk $ in~ $ Dr
(<) gu~ $ Drorq
(.k) vk $ fn'k~ $ Dr
6-
mfpr vFksZu lg esyua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& olqerh & i`Foh
(d) fu'khFks & xfe";fr
([k) izf.kiR; & leqnsz
(x) fu'kE; & jk=kkS
(?k) ik'osZ & iz.kE;
() fofius & JqRok
(p) n'kkL;kUrd% & lehis
(N) fnoe~ & ous
(t) v/hR; & jke%
(>) egksn/kS & LoxZe~
(k) ;kL;fr & ifBRok
59
60
7-
HkkLorh
etw"kk;ka iznkS% vO;;'kCnS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

rq
,o
rnk
fdeFkZe~
iqjk
fpje~
-------------- flU/qy% uke jktk vklhr~A l% -------------- iztk% i;Ziky;r~A o`koLFkk;ka rL;
,d% iq=k% vHkor~A -------------- l% vfpUr;r~ -------------- u Loiq=ka Hkzkrq% eqtL; mRls
leiZ;kfeA flU/qy% iq=ka eqtL; mRl~xs leI;Z -------------- ijyksde~ vxPNr~A flU/qys
fnoaxrs eqtL; eufl yksHk% leqRiUu%A yksHkkfo"V% l% -------------- eqtL; fouk'kkFk
mik;a fpfUrroku~A
8-
mnkgj.kkuqlkja fy[kr&
(d) ;Fkk & i;Ziky;r~
milxZ%
ifj
(1) iz;PNkfe
(2) O;fpUr;r~
(3) ;kL;fr
(4) ekjf;";fr
(5) dFk;fUr
(6) Hkofr
(7) vfl
/krq%
iky~
ydkj%
y~
iq#"k%
izFke iq#"k
opue~
,dopu
61
([k) ;Fkk & vkReu%
'kCn%
fy%
foHkfDr%
vkReu~
iqa-
"k"Bh
(1) iq=kk;
(2) yksdk%
(3) op%
(4) HkwekS
(5) Jherk
(6) egksn/kS
(7) og~ukS
9-
fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r&

;Fkk & egkcye~
eqte~
(d) ckye~
jkT;e~
([k) nke~
iq=ke~
(x) fnoaxrs
Hkfo";ok.khe~
(?k) T;ksfr%'kkL=kikjaxr%
jktfu
() beke~
oRljkte~
(p) cns'kk/h'oje~
czk.k%
(N) lUrIr%
oRljkte~
opue~
cgqopue~
62
HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1-
v/ksfyf[krkuke~ vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdkfu okD;kfu ikBs vUos"VO;kfu

1- psgjk iQhdk iM+ x;k
2-
3-
2- tSlh vkidh vkKk
3- yksxksa esa ckr iSQy xbZ
ikSjkf.kdijEijk;ka pRokj% ;qxk% erk%A rs ;Fkk&

r;qx% (lR;;qx%)
=ksrk;qx%
}kij ;qx%
dfy;qx%
ekU/krk lw;Zoa'kL; izrkih jktk vHkor~A rsu iztk;k% ikyua lE;o~Qr;k re~A l% Lo;qxL;
vykjHkwr% uì vklhr~A
v"Ve% ikB%
gYnh?kkVh
HkkjrHkwfe 'krkfCn;ksa rd ijk/hu jgh] fons'kh vkkUrkvksa osQ }kjk neu fd;s tkus ij Hkh
Hkkjrh;ksa dh LorU=krk izkfIr dh bPNk lnSo cyorh jghA egkjk.kk izrki eqxy 'kkldksa ds
lkFk vkthou la?k"kZ djrs jgs rFkk vR;f/d lk/u&lEiUu u gksus ij Hkh fo'kky eqxy
lkezkT; ls yksgk ysrs jgsA jktLFkku esa gYnh?kkVh uked LFkku ij fo'kky eqxy lsuk dks
eqV~Bh Hkj egkjk.kk izrki ds lSfudksa us ukdksa pus pcok,& ;g rF; bfrgkl ls ifjiq"V gSA
gYnh?kkVh dh yM+kbZ dks vk/kj cuk dj ys[kdksa us vusd jpuk, izLrqr dj mu 'kghnksa dks
Jktfy nhA izrkifot; uked bl [k.MdkO; esa ys[kd JhbZ'knk'kkL=kh gYnh?kkVh osQ
izR;sd d.k dks ml la?k"kZ dk lk{kh ekurs gq, lqUnj euksje 'yksdksa esa bl ,sfrgkfld
dFkkud dks mifuc djrs gSaA ;g ikB fuf'pr gh vkt ds ;qodksa dks izsj.kk nsxk rFkk
muesa LokfHkeku dh Hkkouk HkjsxkA
64
HkkLorh
Lok/hurk;ZHkqfo ewfrZerh lekuk

jk.kkizrki&cyoh;ZfoHkklekukA
vkVhdrs leqiek ufg ;ka lq'kksfp%
'kkVho lk t;fr dkpu gfYn?kkVh AA1AA
izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz;! eUneUna
ok;q;nZ k ogfr uUnuta ejUne~A
;k izR;ga fdy rnk efrekuuh;ka
'kksHkka n/kR;q"kfl dkpudkpuh;ke~ AA2AA
ek dkrjk%! Li`'kr eka fiz;&ikjrU=;k%!
v|kfi ;Uu fofgrk tuuh LorU=kkA
;=ksneso xnrho rfrLr:.kka
'kk[kkdnEc&r&eeZjekruksfr AA3AA
ohjkxz.khjHk;&;qdykdyki%
DokLrs| gk! l ru;% lu;% izrkihA
v=kR;&futZuousFk ;nk dnkfpn~
ekrso jksfnfr l[ks! oqQjjh uq dkfpr~ AA4AA
iq"ia iQya rnuq xU/og% lehj%
[k|ksr&iafDrjeyk p fidkfy&xhfr%A
v|kfi ;=k ljy&izfr&iz.khra
ipksipkjfeo iwtuefLr ekrq% AA5AA
65
gYnh?kkVh
uhysu i{k&fuogsu [kekglUr%

pp~ok iQykfu foeykfu lep;Ur%A
^Jhjke* uke e/qja e/qja Do.kUr%
v|kfi ;=k lq'kqdk foylfUr lUr% AA6AA
v=k izrki&uìrs% izdV&izrkik
,dkfi gUr! 'kr/kHkon&/kjkA
;qs f/dks'kefi 'k=kqo/s es.k
T;ksRLuk re% &lgpjh piysfr fp=ke~ AA7AA
lS"kk LFkyh pfdr&psrdp~ek.kka
lS"kk LFkyh oqQfVyoqQUrijkek.kke~A
lS"kk LFkyh fiz;rekI;lqrksejk.kka
lS"kk LFkyh Hk;djh uj&ikejk.kke~ AA8AA
oh{; izHkk gflr&pkjQ&iqjUnjk.kka
la l u`R;eeya f'kf[klqUnjk.kke~
lEHkklrs ojHkqo% lq"kekR;qnkj%
g"kkZfrks gfjrghjd&d.Bgkj% AA9AA
66
HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vk;ZHkqfo
ewfrZerh
oyoh;Z&foHkklekuk
&
&
&
vkVhdrs
leqieka
&
&
lq'kksfp%
'kkVh
dkpu
izkph
uUnuta
ejUne~
izR;ga
fdy
m"kfl
efrekuuh;ka
dkpu&dkpuh;ke~
dkrjk%
fiz;&ikjrU=;k%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
fofgrk
xnrho
rfr%
&
&
&
vk;kZ.kka Hkw% vk;ZHkw% rL;ka] vk;ZHkwfe] vk;kZorZA

ewfrZ $ erqi~ L=kh- iz- ,- o-] lk{kkr~] lkdkjA
oysu oh;sZ.k p foHkklekuk] 'kfDr&ijke&'kksHkekuk] 'kfDr
vkSj ijke ls pedrh gqbAZ
vk $ Vhd~] yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] orZrs] fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
lekuh miek ;L;k% lk rke~] ftlds leku miek fdlh dh
gksA
nsnhI;eku] pednkjA
lkM+hA
dksbZ (vO;;)A
iwoZ fn'kkA
uUnus tk;rs bfr rr~] uUnu ou esa gksus okykA
iq"ijle~ & ijkxA
vgfu vgfu vO;;hHkko lekl] izfrfnuA
(vO;;) fu'p; lsA
m"kl~] lIreh ,-o- izkr%dkyA
eR;k ekuuh;ka r`- rRiq- cqflEerka] fo}kuksa ls lEekfurA
dkpue~ bo deuh;ke~] Lof.kZe~ lksus dh rjg pedus okyhA
Hkhrk% Mjiksd] dk;jA
fiz;e~ ikjrU=;e~ ;s"kka rs ijk/hurkfiz;k%] ijk/hurk esa #fp
j[kus okysA
fo $ /k $ Dr] rk] dh xbZA
xnfr $ bo] dFk;fr] cksy jgh gSA
lewg%] iafDrA
67
gYnh?kkVh
eeZje~
vkruksfr
ohjkxz.kh%
;qdyki%
Do
vkLrs
ru;%
lu;%
v=kR;
dqjjh
xU/og%
[k|ksr
veyk
fidkfy
ipksipkjfeo
mipkj%
i{kfuogsu
[ke~
vkglUr%
lep;Ur%
Do.kUr%
lq'kqdk%
foylfUr
'kr/k vlz/kjk
vf/dks'kefi
T;ksRLuk
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
'kq"di=k&ofu%] lw[ks ikksa dh vkoktA

foLrkj;fr] iQSykrh gSA
ohjs"kq vxz.kh%] ohjksa esa Js"BA
;qL; dyk;ka dyki%] ;qdyk esa fuiq.kA
dq=k] dgkA
vfLr] gSA
iq=k%] iq=kA
u;su lfgr% lu;%] uhfrKA
;gk dsA
kSp i{khA
xU/e~ ogfr] miin rRiq-] ok;qA
tqxuwA
'kqk] 'kqA
fidkuka vkfy%] "k- rRiq-] dksfdy&iafDr%] dks;y dh iafDrA
ipkuka mipkjk.kka lewg%] f}xq l-A
lRdkjfof/%] lRdkj lkexzhA
i{kk.kka fuogsu] "k- rRiq-] ia[kksa dk lewgA
vkdk'ke~] vkdk'k dksA
bZ"kr~ glUr%] frjLr djrs gq,A
le~ $ vp~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`] 'kksHk;Ur%] pedkrs gq,A
Do.k~ $ 'kr`] iq- iz- c- o-] 'kCna dqoZUr%] 'kCn djrs gq,A
lqUnjk% dhjk%] lqUnj rksrsA
'kksHkUrs] lq'kksfHkr gksrs gSaA
lkS izdkj dh vklqvksa dh /kjkA
dks'ks bfr] dks'k (E;ku) esaA
pfUnzdk] pknuhA
68
HkkLorh
lgpjh
piysfr
p~ek.kke~
dqUr%
fp=ke~
oqQfVye~
vlqr%
vejk.kka
ikejk.kke~
oh{;
iqjUnjk.kka
gflre~
u`R;eeye~
lEHkklrs
ojHkqo%
lq"kekR;qnkj%
gfjrghjde~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
;qxin~ vuqxkfeuh] lkFk pyus okyhA

piyk bfr] fctyhA
xfr] ?kksM+s dh VkiA
HkkykA
fofp=ke~] vk'p;Z dh ckrA
oe~ ] Vs<+kA
vlqH;% bfr vlqr%] vlq $ rfly~] izk.kksa ls c<+djA
nsokuke~] nsorkvksa dkA
uhpkuka] uhpksa dkA
fo $ bZ{k~ $ DRok > Y;i~] n`"V~ok] ns[kdjA
bUnzk.kka] Js"BA
migflre~] migkl djukA
u`R;e~ $ veye~] ifo=k ukpA
lE;d~ Hkklrs] pedrh gSA
ojk Hkw% ojHkw% rL;k%] Js"B HkwfedkA
lq"ke;k vR;qnkj% bfr lq"kekR;qnkj%A
gfjra ghjde~] deZ/kj;] gjk ghjkA
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkja nnr &

(d) vk;ZHkqfo 'kkVhr% dk fojktrs\
([k) m"kfl gYnh?kkVh dhn`'kha 'kksHkka n/kfr\
(x) lu;% ru;% d% vfLr\
(?k) ds uhysu i{ks.k [ke~ vkglfUr\
() ojHkqo% lq"kek dFka lEHkklrs\
gYnh?kkVh
(p) re% lgpjh dk dfFkrk\

(N) izrkiuìrs% vlz/kjk dfr/k vHkor~\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) ewfkZerh gYnh?kkVh dFke~ vkVhdrs\
([k) dnk gYnh?kkVh efrekuuh;ka 'kksHkka n/kfr\
(x) fidkfyxhfr% fdfeo ekrq% iwtua djksfr\
(?k) dFka Do.kUr% lq'kqdk% foylfUr\
() gYnh?kkVh ds"kka LFkyh vfLr\
(p) ojHkqo% vR;qnkjk lq"kek dhn`'kh Hkklrs\
(N) izfr% ds"kka ipinkFkkZukeqipkjs.k iwtua djksfr\
3-
v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

(d) ewfrZerh gYnh?kkVh t;frA
([k) ;k m"kfl 'kksHkka n/kfrA
(x) r:.kka rfr% dnEcreeZje~ vkruksfr
(?k) futZuous oqQjjh ekrso jksfnfrA
() ekrq% ipksipkja iwtua djksfrA
(p) v/kjk 'kr/k vHkor~A
(N) vlqr% vfi fiz;rek LFkyhA
4-
v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a lfU/PNsna ok dq#r&

(d) Lok/hurk;ZHkqfo
([k) n/kfr $ m"kfl
(x) rfrLr:.kke~
(?k) futuZous $ vFk
() lq'kqdk foylfUr
(p) rnuq
69
70
HkkLorh
5-
v/ksfyf[krins"kq izfra izR;;a p i`Fkd~ dq#r&

(d) rfr%
([k) Hkklekuk
(x) fofgrk
(?k) izrkih
() glUr%
(p) f'k[kh
(N) iz.khre~
6-
v/% iznka 'yksda etw"kkiznkinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwjf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&

izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz; -----------------------------------ok;q;Znk ------------------------------ uUnuta------------------------------A
;k ----------------------------------- fdy rnk efrekuuh;ka
-------------------------n/kR;q"kfl --------------------------dkpuh;ke~AA
etw"kk
izR;ge~] eUneUna] ejUna] ogfr] 'kksHkka] dkpuA
71
gYnh?kkVh
7-
fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k p ;kstf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&

fo'ks"k.kkfu
fo'ks";kf.k
(d) lq'kksfp%
([k) ikjrU=;k%
(x) izrkih
(?k) Do.kUr%
() 'kr/k
(p) uhysu
(N) veyk
ru;%
lq'kqdk%
'kkVh
vlz/kjk
dkrjk%
[k|ksriafDr%
i{kfuogsu
8-
v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka O;kdj.kkuqlkja inifjp;% nh;rke~&

Lok/hurk] ekuuh;k] lUr%] re%] lEHkklrs] LFkyh] ekrk
9-
gYnh?kkVh;qL; ,sfrgkfld% ifjp;% fgUnh@vkaXy@laLrHkk"k;k ns;%A
10- egkjk.kkizrkiL; LokrU=;l"k fgUnh@vkaXy@laLrHkk"k;k o.kZ;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lkfgR;s lekt izfrfcfEcr% HkofrA dfo% Loifjos'ksu ,okIykforks HkofrA dkO;deZ drqZa dfo%
dYiukekJ;sr] ,sfrgkflda ok o`ka ifjoR;Z fp=k;frA Hkkjra ijk/hurk;k% ekspf;rqa le;s le;s uSds
ohjk% Loizk.kksRlxZa fofgroUr%A ,rkn`'ks"kq egkHkVs"kq jk.kklkaxk] egkjk.kkizrki%] y{ehckbZ] rkR;kVksis]
bR;kn;ksxzx.;k% lfUrA cgq/k le;s le;susds dkO;drkZj% ,rkn`'kka lsukuhuka dFkk% vkfJR;
dkO;fo/k% iz.khroUr%A laLrok~e;s fo|rs ,rf}/kuka jpukuka egrh ijEijkA ;L;ka f'kojktfot;e~]
Hkkjrfot;e~ bR;kn;% izeq[kk% lfUrA ,rs"kq LorU=krk;k izsIlk] gqrkReohjku~ izfr p Jk llEekua
iznf'kZrkA
uoe% ikB%
enkylk
izLrqr ikB tEewfo'ofo|ky; ls vodk'k izkIr vkpk;kZ osnoqQekjh ?kbZ }kjk jfpr îqjU/zhipde~*
uked :idlaxgz ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA îqjU/zhipde~* vk/qfudukV~;ijEijk esa ,d
lkef;d fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/r jkspd ,oa f'k{kkizn :idksa dk laxgz gSA izLrqr ikB esa îqjUkzhipde~*
osQ r`rh;&:id ênkylk* osQ oqQN va'kks dk ladyu fd;k x;k gS ftlesa jktoqQekj rot
rFkk enkylk osQ laokn osQ ek;e ls jktoqQekjh enkylk osQ LokfHkeku ,oa ukjh vfLerk dk
,d u, ifjizs{; esa lqUnj fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
enkylk
73
(rr% izfo'kfr izfrlkSUn;Zeoyksd;u~ egkjktL; 'k=kqftr% iq=k% rot%)

rot% & vgks 'kksHkua xU/oZjktfo'okolks% jktks|kue~A vkezeTjh.kka ijka
'kksHkka n`"V~ok dksfdykuka p e/qjopkafl JqRok dL; ;wuks n;a
lglk mRdf.Bra u Hkfo";fr\
okeik'osZ je.khukekyki bo Jw;rsA v=kSo fLFkRok Jks";kfeA
oqQ.Myk & lf[k enkyls! Roa rq osQoya fo|k;;us ,o jrk fd;Ura dkya
;kor~ czp;Zorz a /kjf;";fl\
enkylk & Kkuksnf/Lrq vuUrikjks xHkhj'pA e;k lkxjrVs fLFkRok dfri;fcUno
,o izkIrk v|kof/A
oqQ.Myk & fou;'khys ! fo|k nnkfr fou;e~ vr ,o ,oa Hk.kflA
oqQyxq#&rqEc#egkHkkxSLrq xUkoZjktk; vU;nso lwfpre~A
enkylk & d Jqra Ro;k ;n~ xq#o;S%Z eke~ vf/R; fi=ks dfFkre~\
oqQ.Myk & vFk fde~A jktoqQekjh enkylk loZfo|kfu".kkrk tkrk ija r;k
Lo;a oj% u izkIr% vr% rL;S ;ksX;ojL; vUos"k.ka dk;Ze~ bR;klhn~
xq#iknkuka ere~A
enkylk & (gflRok) ufg tkufUr rs ;nga rq fookgcU/ua Lohdrq u bPNkfeA
oqQ.Myk & d dfj";fl rnkA
enkylk & czokfnuh Hkfo";kfeA vkpk;sfZ rina izkI; f'k";sH;% thoudyka
f'k{kf;";kfeA
oqQ.Myk & tkus rs fHk#fpe~ v;;us v;kius pA ija ;Fkk yrs ; a
lgdkjeoyEcrs rFkSo ukjh thou;k=kk;ka defi lgpje~ vis{krs
;% rL;k% voyEcua L;kr~A
enkylk & ukfLr eRrs vko';drk voyEcuL;A Lo;a leFkkZ thouiFks
pfyrqega u dL;kfi lVr%S ufrZraq ikj;kfeA
oqQ.Myk & ufrZ";fl rnk ,dkfduh ,oA
74
HkkLorh
enkylk & (fogL;) ;fn Roa 'kh?kzeso ifrx`ga xfe";fl rnk ,dkfduh
Hkfo";kfe ija ,d% mik;% vfi fpfUrr% e;kA
oqQ.Myk & d% mik;\
enkylk & lhrlkfgR;ek;esu czfo|ka ljlka fo/k; cgqH;% f'k'kqH;%
f'k{k.ka iznkL;kfeA
oqQ.Myk & x`gLFkkJea izfo'; Lof'k'kwuka pfj=kfuekZ.ka ekrqj/hue~A r=k dk
fopkj.kk\
enkylk & ;Fkkga i';kfe iq#"k% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;frA nzkiS nha Loh;ka
lEifka eU;eku% ;qf/f"Bj% rka |wrs gkfjroku~ ;Fkk lk futhZoa
oLrq vklhr~A
oqQ.Myk & futhZoa rq uklhr~ ija ;qf/f"BjL; ,"kk ,o fpUruljf.k% vklhr~
bfr izrh;rsA
enkylk & gfj'pUnz% LoiRuha 'kSO;ka] iq=ka jksfgra p tulysq vki.ks fohroku~A
ukfLr es euksjFk% bZn'` ka iRuhinehdrZeq A~
oqQ.Myk & dVqlR;a [kYosrr~A ija lf[k! vfLeu~ lalkjs fofHkUuizfrdk% iq#"kk
olfUrA LoizR;uqoQw y% oj% vfi izkI;rsA ROak rq uouoksUes"k'kkfyU;k
izfrHk;k fofgrS% uwruS% iz;ksxS% vLeku~ lokZu~ foLeki;flA
x`gLFkkJeksfi ,dk iz;ksx'kkyk ;L;ka Roa LoKkufoKku;ks% iz;ksxa
drq 'k{;flA
enkylk & oqQ.Mys! nqyHZ kks tu% bZn'` k% ;% x`gLFkiz;ksx'kkyk;ka LoiRU;S LorU=krka
n|kr~A
rot% & (Loxre~) voljks;ekRekua izdk'kf;rqeA~ (izdk'ke~) mifLFkrksga
'k=kqftr% iq=k% rot% vkKk psr~ vgefi vL;ka ifjppkZ;ka
lfEefyrks Hkos;e~A
oqQ.Myk & Lokxre~ vfrFk;sA vfi Jqrk% Hkofn~Hk% ee l[khfopkjk%\
enkylk
75
rot% & vke~! vr ,o iz"VqeRq lgs d xU/oZjktfo'okolqegkHkkxk% vfi

LoiRuha ;qf/f"Bj bo gkfjroUr% gfj'pUnz bo fohroUr%\
oqQ.Myk & enkyls rw".kha fdeFk fr"Bfl\ nsfg izR;qkje~A
rot% & ,dL; vijk/su lokZ tkfr% n.M~;k bfr fofp=kks U;k;% ro l[;k%A
enkylk & v=kHkoUr% ukjhLok/hurkef/R; d dFk;fUr\
rot% & ekrk ,o izFkek vkpk;kZ bR;fLr es vo/kj.kkA ukjh ,o leLrl`"Vs%
fuekZ=khA ija dFkusu fde~\ ijh{; ,o KkL;fr v=kHkorhA ijh{kk&
FkZe|
q rksfLe x`gLFkkJeiz;ksx'kkyk;ke~A
enkylk & Lohr% izLrko%A
oqQ.Myk & fn"V~;k o/sFZ kka ;qoke~A fe=koj] xU/oZdU;k enkylk xkU/oZfookg&
fof/uk o`.kksfr v=kHkoUre~A vkdkj;s vga oqQyxq#a rqEcq#e~A vlkS
vfXua lk{khR; vk'khoZpkafl o{;frA
rot% & izFkea rq l[khopua Jks";ko%A rnuq Lo;eso oqQyxq#a firjkS p
lHkktf;rqa xfe";ko%A
oqQ.Myk & ijLijizhfrerks% Hkorks% mins'kL; ukfLr dksfi vodk'k% rnkfi
l[khLusg% eka Hkk"k;fr&Hk=kkZ lnSo Hkk;kZ HkrZO;k jf{krO;k pA ;rks
fg /ekZFkZdkelafl;s ;Fkk Hkk;kZ HkrZ%q lgkf;uh Hkofr rFkk u
dksfi vU;%A ijLijeuqorz kS ifriRU;kS f=kox lk/;r%A ifr% ;fn
izHkwra /ue~ vtZf;Rok x`geku;fr rr~ [kyq iRU;Hkkos oqQik=ks"kq nh;ekua
{k;esfrA
rot% & y{E;k% j{kkFk iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z%A
enkylk & oqQ.Mys! y{ehiwtk;ka u es izof` k%A ;fn y{eh% iwT;k fiz;k p
vfrfFko;ZL;] rnk bnkuheso es ueLdkj%A
rot% & LokfHkekfufu fiz;!s le{ka rs dFka dkfi liRuh LFkkrqa 'kDuksfr\
y{ehLrq ro nklh Hkfo";fr uSo liRuhA en~xkgZLF;a rq Ron/hua
Hkfo";frA vkRekua HkkfolUrfra p KkufoKkukuqlU/k=;k gLrs
leiZf;rqehgsA vkxE;rke~ xq#H;% fir`H;ka p lekpkja Jko;ko%A
76
HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
jktks|kue~
vkezeTjh.kke~
e/qjopakfl
;wu%
je.khuke~
vkykibo
jrk
Jw;rs
fLFkRok
fd;Ura
vuUrikjks
xHkhj'p
dfri; fcUno%
lwfpre~
loZfo|kfu".kkrk
tkrk
vUos"k.ka
czokfnuh
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
izkI;
f'k{kf;";kfe
rsfHk#fpe~
v;;us
v;kius
vis{krs
&
&
&
&
&
&
jktk $ m|kue~] jkK% mioue~] jktk dk m|kuA

vkezL; eTjh.kke~ "k- rRiq-] vke dh ckSjksa dkA
e/qjkf.k opakfl] deZ/kj;] e/qjopuksa dksA
;qou~ 'kCn] "k-,-o-] r#.kL;] ;qod dkA
L=kh.kke~] ;qofr;ksa dkA
vkyki% $ bo] okrkZyki lkA
je~ $ Dr] L=kh-iz-,-o-] layXuk%] rRijA
Jq $ deZ ok- yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] lquk tkrk gSA
LFkk $ DRok] BgjdjA
fd;r~ f}-,-o-] oqQNA
u vUrikjkS ;L; l%] c-ozh- lekl] vkfn vUr jfgrA
xHkhj% $ p] xaHkhjA
dfri;s fcUno%] deZ/kj;] oqQN va'kA
lwp~ $ Dr] fuosfnre~] lwfpr fd;kA
lokZlq fo|klq fu".kkrk rRiq-] lHkh fo|kvksa esa fuiq.kA
tu~ $ Dr] L=kh- iz- ,-o- gks xbZ gSA
vuq $ b"k~ $ Y;qV~] uiqa- iz-,-o-] xos"k.ke~] [kkstA
czofnrqa 'khya ;L;k% lk czu~ $ on~ $ f.kp~ $ f.kfu
L=kh-] iz-,-o-] osnkUr esa fuiq.kA
iz $ vki~ $ DRok $ Y;i~] vf/xR;] ikdjA
f'k{k $ f.kp~] y`V~] m-iq-] ,-o-] f'k{kk nawxhA
rs $ vfHk#fpe~] rqEgkjh yxu dksA
vf/ $ b $ Y;qV~] l-,-o-] iBus] i<+us esaA
vf/ $ b $ f.kp~ $ Y;qV~] l-,-o-] ikBus] i<+kus esaA
vi $ bZ{k] yV~ iz-iq-,-o-] vko';drk dk vuqHko djrh gSA
77
enkylk
thouiFks
&
ufrZrqe~
,dkfduh
ljlka
fo/k;
Lokf/iR;a
gkfjroku~
;qf/f"BjL;
ljf.k%
izrh;rs
tulys
q
fofHkUu izfrdk%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
LoizR;uqowQy%
&
uouoksUes"k'kkfyU;k
foLeki;fl
&
&
'k{;fl
iz"Vqe~
vo/kj.kk
fuekZ=kh
vkdkj;s
firjkS
/ekZFkZdkelafl;s
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
thouL; iUFkk% thouiFk%] "k-rRiq-] rfLeu~] thou ekxsZ] thou

osQ jkLrs ijA
u`r~ $ rqequ~] ukpus osQ fy,A
,dkfdu~] L=kh- iz-,-o-] vosQyhA
jlsu lfgrka] cgqohz fg lekl] jl;qDrA
fo $ /k $ DRok] Y;i~] Rok djosQA
LoL; vkf/iR;e~] "k-rRiq-] viuk LokfeRoA
$ f.kp~ $ Dror~] iq-iz-,-o-] gjok fn;kA
;qf/ $ fLFkj%] ;qf/f"Bj% vyqo~Q rRiq-] rL;A
ekxZ%] jkLrkA
izfr $ b] deZokP;] yV~ iz-iq-,-o- izrhrks Hkofr] izrhr gksrk gSA
tuS% lys
q ] r`-rRiq-] HkhM+ ls Hkjs gq,A
fofHkUu izfr% ;s"kka rs c-ozh-] fHkUuLoHkko%] fHkUu&fHkUu LoHkko
okysA
Loizfr $ vuqowQy%] LoL; izR;k vuqowQy%] vius vuqowQy
LoHkko okykA
uouosu mUes"ks.k 'kkyrs ;k lk r;k] ubZ ubZ pedokyhA
fo $ fLe $ f.kp~ $ yV~] e-iq-] ,-o-] pfdre~ djksf"k]
vk'p;Zpfdr dj jgh gksA
'ko~Q $ y`V~] e-iq-,-o-] leFkZ gksaxsA
izPN~ $ rqequ~] iwNus osQ fy,A
vo $ /` $ f.kp~ $ Y;qV~] /kj.kk] fopkj /kjkA
fuj~ $ ek r`p~ $ L=kh-] fuekZ.k djus okyhA
vk $ $ f.kp~] yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] cqykrk gwA
ekrk p firk p] }U}] ekrk vkSj firkA
/eZ% p vFkZ% p dke% p /ekZFkZdkek%] rs"kka lafl;s] /eZ]
vFkZ] dke dh flf osQ fy,A
78
HkkLorh
ifriRU;kS
nh;ekue~
le{ke~
liRuh
Ron/hue~
KkufoKkukuqlU/k=;k
&
&
&
&
&
&
bZgs
&
ifr% p iRuh p }U} lekl] ifr iRuhA

nk $ deZokP;] 'kkup~] uiqqa-iz-,-o-] fn;k tkrk gqvkA
v{.kks% lEeq[ke~] vO;;hHkko] leklA
leku% ifr% ;L;k% lk] lkSrA
ro v/hue~ "k-rRiq-] rqEgkjs v/huA
KkuL; foKkuL; p vuqlUkk=;k%] "k-rRiq-] "k-,-o- Kku foKku
dh [kkst djus okyh dkA
bZg~ /krq] yV~ m-iq-] ,-o-] pkgrk gwA
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) m|kua dL; vklhr~\
([k) d% vkezetjh.kka 'kksHkka n`"V~ok owQtfr\
(x) dk fo|k;;us jrk vklhr~\
(?k) dk fou;a nnkfr\
() dk loZfo|kfu".kkrk vklhr~A
(p) enkylk d Lohdrq u bPNfr\
(N) f'k'kwuka pfj=kfuekZ.ka dL;k% v/hue~\
(t) d% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;fr\
(>) ;qf/f"Bj% dka |wrs gkfjroku~\
(k) d% ifjppkZ;ka lfEefyr% vHkor~\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkja nnr&

(d) oqQyxq#rqEc#% enkylk;k% fo"k;s d dfFkroku~\
([k) enkylk fookgcU/ua frjLR; d drqZe~ bPNfr\
(x) rot% Loifjp;a dFka nnkfr\
79
enkylk
(?k) rotL; ukjha izfr dk /kj.kk vklhr~\

() dL;k% j{kkFk iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z% vfLr\
(p) rot% y{E;k% o.kZua dFka djksfr\
3-
js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) ;wuks% n;a m|kuL; 'kksHkka n`"V~ok mRdf.Bra HkofrA
([k) enkylk KkuL; dfri;fcUnwu~ ,o izkIrorhA
(x) oqQyxq#rqEc#egkHkkxS% xUkoZjktk; lwfpre~A
(?k) enkylk f'k";ku~ thoudyka ikBf;rqe~ bPNfrA
() enkylk thous lVrS% ufrZrqa u bPNfr LeA
(p) iq#"k% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;frA
(N) ;qf/f"Bj% nzkiS nha |wrs gkfjroku~A
(t) gfj'pUnz% iq=ka tulq y
s vki.ks fohroku~A
(>) vfLeu~ lalkjs fofHkUuizfrdk% iq#"kk% olfUrA
(k) y{E;k% j{kkFk iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z%A
4-
fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r&

(d) xHkhj%
/ue~
([k) loZfo|kfu".kkrk
rot%
(x) fofHkUuizfrdk%
vki.ks
(?k) futhZoe~
Kkuksnf/%
() tul~oqQys
iq#"kk%
(p) 'k=kqftr%
enkylk
(N) vuqozrkS
oLrq
(t) izHkwre~
ifriRU;kS
80
5-
6-
HkkLorh
izfrizR;;;ks% foHkkxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk & LFkkrqe~
(d) n`"V~ok
([k) JqRok
(x) fLFkRok
(?k) vf/R;
() LohdrqZe~
(p) ufrZrqe~
(N) fo/k;
(t) eU;eku%
(>) drqZe~
(k) jf{krO;k
LFkk $ rqequ~
v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu oQ% oaQ izfr dFk;fr

d% dFk;fr
;Fkk & Roa rq osQoya fo|k;;us ,o jrk
enkylk
(d) vkpk;kZina izkI; f'k";ku~ thoudyka f'k{kf;";kfe ----------------------------([k) ukjh thou;k=kk;ka defi lgpjeis{krs
--------------(x) vge~ u dL;kfi lsr%S ufrZrqa ikj;kfe
(?k) d xU/oZjktfo'okolqegkHkkxkk% vfi LoiRuha
;qf/f"Bj% bo gkfjroUr% gfj'pUnz bo fohroUr%\--------------() ,dL; vijk/su lokZ tkfr% n.M~;k bfr fofp=kks
--------------U;k; ro l[;k%
7-
gfj'pUnz% lekts oSQ% xq.kS% izfl vklhr~A
8-
ukjha izfr rotL; dk /kj.kk vklhr~A
de~ izfr
oqQ.Myke~
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
81
enkylk
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
enkylk ikSjkf.kd dFkklq vkn'kZuk;kZ mnkgj.ka izLrkSfrA
r;k Loiq=kL; pfj=kfuekZ.kk; egku~ iz;kl% r%A rFkkfg 'kS'kos iq=kk; dfFkr% rL;k% v;a
'yksd% funzkxhrs% (yksjh xhrs%) izfle~ mnkgj.ke~A
'kqksfl cqksfl] fujatuksflA
lalkjek;k ifjoftZrksflA
lalkjLoIua R;t eksgfunzka
enkylk okD;eqokp iq=ke~AA
n'ke% ikB%
izrh{kk
vk/qfud mfM+;k ys[kdksa esa Jh jekdkUr jFk dk ew/UZ ; LFkku gSA vki dh vusd dfork,
ns'k&fons'k dh Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks pqdh gSaA laLr Hkk"kk esa budh dforkvksa dk vuqokn
Jhjk/k ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA blds vuqoknd Jh xksfoUn pUnz mn~xkrk gSaA xhrxksfoUn
dh Hkkfr bl esa Hkh jk/k ,oa ".k ds l[;Hkko dks jgL;okn dh Nk;k esa cgqr lqUnj izdkj
ls of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA jk/k ".k dh izrh{kk djrh gS vkSj vR;Ur O;kdqy gks tkrh gSA
fnu&jkr izrh{kk esa mls fofHkUu :iksa dh tks Nfo fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og oLrqr% vfuoZpuh; gSA
mu ds :i dk lkdY;su o.kZu djuk vlEHko gh gSA d.k&d.k esa fo|eku og mikL;] HkDr
dks fofHkUu :iksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS & ;g rF; cM+s gh izrhdkRed izdkj ls bl xhr esa
izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA
83
izrh{kk
izrh{ksga ro rs fnua fnue~

jtuha jtuha p
u tkrq n'kZua nnkfl es]
d rkoUes lk izrh{kk\
rL;ka es pkapY;ifjiwfjrk;ka izrh{kk;ke~
dq=k ok fo|rs LFkkue~
voLFkkuk; ro iw.kZr;k\
;nk ok n`';rs]
:iL;k/kZf/da rnk ro
ykspufo"k;krhra HkwRok fr"BfrA
;r~ fdafpnfi n`';rs
rFkkfi u Hktfr Li"V:irke~
;rLrr~ lekPNeso Hkofr
v'kkfUr&izlwrSesZ
Le`fr&n`';kfHkyk"kScZgqfo/S%]
vFk ok n`';rs LiqQjTtyo{kfl
Nk;so iknikukeqidwyofrZuke~A
n`"Vs lfr dL;fpkEuks :is
LFkkus rL;ksitk;ekua n`';rs
vU;Ppu foaQpu :ia ukekUrj&fpfre~A
,deso #ia HkwRokA
gUr ukga HkktueHkoesrkorkfi dkysu
,deso :ia drqZekReu% iw.kZr;kA
fd;ku~ iqu% dkyks orZrs 'ks"k%
;nga fpUrf;";kfe
;nfl Roa rnwzir;kxR;
,dnk leqiLFkkL;fl enfUrosQ
futZuosyk;ka es ijek;q"k%\
84
HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVi.;'p
izrh{ks
jtuhe~
tkrq
nnkfl
izrh{kk;ke~
fo|rs
voLFkkuk;
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
lekPNe~
izlwrS%
vfUrosQ
osyk;ke~
&
&
&
&
izrh{kk djrh gwA

jkf=ke~] jtuh] f}-fo-,-o-] jkr dksA
vO;;e~] dHkh HkhA
;PNfl] nk] yV~] e-iq-,d o-] nsrs gksA
izrh{kk 'kCn] lIreh fo- ,- o- (L=kh-)] izrh{kk esaA
gS (fo|eku gS)A
vo $ LFkk $ Y;qV~ (vu)] prq- fo-,d-o-] Bgjus osQ
fy,A
le~ $ vk $ Nn~ $ Dr] <dk gqvkA
iz $ lw $ Dr] r`-fo-cgq o-] mRiksa lsA
lehis] lehiA
osyk] l-fo-,-o-] (L=kh-)] le; esaA
vH;kl%
1-
,dinsu mkjr&
(d) dk izrh{kka djksfr\
([k) izrh{kk dhn`'kh vfLr\
(x) d% n'kZua u nnkfr\
(?k) îzrh{kk* ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ vuwfnr%\
2-
iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) vga dFka izrh{ks\
([k) jk/k iw.kZr;k vkReu% fda drqZa okNfr\
(x) ,dnk dq=k leqiLFkkL;fl\
85
izrh{kk
(?k) ,deso :ia HkwRok dFka fpfre~\

() Nk;so l% dq=k n`';rs\
(p) ;nk ok n`';rs rnk dFka HkwRok fr"Bfr\
3-
js[kkfr kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r &

(d) rFkkfi u Hktfr Li"V:irke~A
([k) vFkok n`';rs LiqQjTtyo{kflA
(x) LFkkus rL; mitk;ekua n`';rsA
(?k) futZuosyk;ka enfUrosQ leqiLFkkL;flA
() iqu% dkyks orZrs 'ks"k%A
4-
fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";inkuka leqfpra esyua dq#r&

pkpyiwfjrk;ke~
dky%
midwyofrZuke~
:ie~
ukekUrjfpfre~
n`';kfHkyk"kS%
'ks"k%
izrh{kk;ke~
cgqfo/S%
iknikuke~
5-
v/ksfyf[krs"kq lfU/PNsna dq#r&

v/kZf/de~] Nk;so] rL;ksitk;ekue~] vU;Ppu] dL;fpkEu%] rnzwir;k] izrh{ksge~] rkoUesA
6-
v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa dq#r&

HkwRok] LFkkus] n`';rs] fo|rs] izrh{kk] n'kZue~] vfUrosQA
7-
v/ksfyf[krkuka inifjp;ks ns;%A

nnkfl] HkwRok] n`"Vs] o{kfl] vk;q"k%] vkReu%] drqZe~] lekPNe~A
86
HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
îkB dk mfM+;k ewy* Jh jekdkUr jFk iz.khr ^Jh jk/k* iqLrd ls m`rA
eq reoqQ fnu fnu jkfr jkfr pfg jgs fdUrq
res tek ns[kk fnv ukfgA
eks pkfg jfgck d.k\ ukuk papyrk
iw.kZ pkfg jfgckjs res iqjkiwfj
jfgckoqQ ,rs tkxk dkfg\
tsrscsysck fn'kqN re psgsjkj
v/kZf/d jgs n`f"V cfgHkqrZ gksb]
;kgk fn'ks rkgk fc eks v'kkfUrizlwr
ukuk n`'; ukuk Le`fr ukuk vkdka{kkjs
vkPNkfnr gksb Li"V ns[kk;k, ukfg]
ck fn'kqfN gypy ikf.kjs ;sifj
owQys fFkck xNadj NkbA
xksfV, ukvkj :i fnf'kck ek=k osQ
vU; ,d ukvk fFkck vU; :ifV,
ls tkxkjs fn'ks ,dek=k :i gksbA
xksfV, :ijoqQ e; vki.kkj dfjck Hkktu
,rsdky /fj gsfy ukfgA
vkm dsrs dky ckdh vfN ;s Hkkfcfc
res ;kgk lsifj Hkkcjs
fnus vkfl igfpc eks ijek;qj
vkm dsfg ufFkck csyjs\
ifjf'k"V
vuq'kaflr xzUFk
-la- xzUFkuke
ys[kd
lEiknd@izdk'kd
123-
vFkoZosn%
vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~
Xosn%
&
dkfynkl
&
45-
dFkklfjRlkxj
dFkklfjRlkxj
lksenso
'kwnzd
678-
dknEcjh
pjdlafgrk
tkrdekyk
ck.kHk^
pjd
vk;Z'kwj
9-
n'koqQekjpfjre~
n.Mh
lkroysdj ikjMh] 1957

eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
la-iz-,u-,l-lksuVDds] oSfnd la'kks/u
e.My] iwuk&egkjk"V&02
fgUnh :ikUrj izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh]
us'kuy cqd VLV] ubZ fnYyh&07
pkS[kEck laLr laLFkku] okjk.klh
lw;uZ kjk;.k pkS/jh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYyh&07
Jh fo'oukFk >k] eksrhyky cukjlh nkl]
fnYyh&07
HkklukVdpe] la - lh-vkj-ns o /j]
vksfj,.Vy cqd ,tsUlh] iwuk&1945
jkf"V;laLrlaLFkkue~] tudiqjh] ubZ fnYyh
ok.khfoykl] okjk.klh
pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh] okjk.klh
pkS[kEck laLr laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh
10- ipjk=ke~
Hkkl
111213141516-
osnoqQekjh ?kbZ
bZ'knk%
v'o?kks"k
eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kr
cYykylsu
O;kl
iqjU/zhipde~
izrkifot;%
cqpfjre~
Hkkjr fot;ukVde~
HkkstizcU/%
egkHkkjre~
88
HkkLorh
17- egkHkk";e~
irtfy
18- e`PNdfVde~
19- e`PNdfVde~
'kwnd
z
'kwnzd
20212223-
mOoVegh/j Hkk";
dkfynkl
okYehfd
cynso mik;k;
pk#nso 'kkL=kh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]

fnYyh&07
fu.kZ;lkxj izsl] eqEcbZ
fgUnh vuqokn eksgu jkds'k] jktdey
izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh&1962
pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1912
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyh&07
ukx ifCy'klZ] tokgjuxj] fnYyh&07
'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klh
24- f'kojktfot;%
vfEcdknk O;kl
lkfgR; iqLrd Hk.Mkj] esjB
25- Jh jk/k
jekdkUr jFk
26- laLr ukVd
,-ch-dhFk] mn;Hkkuqflag (fgUnh vuqokn)] eksrhyky cukjlh

nkl] fnYyh&07
MkW- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku] pkSd okjk.klh
;tqosZn%
j?kqo'a ke~
jkek;.ke~
oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj laLfr
27- laLr lkfgR; dk

vfHkuo bfrgkl
28- laLr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl
cynso mik;k;
'kkjnk efUnj] okjk.klh
29- fgrksins'k%
ukjk;.k'kekZ

NCERT Sanskrit Bhaswati Class XII

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NCERT Sanskrit Bhaswati Class XII

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HkkLorh

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isij

108] 100 iQhV jksM

uothou VLV Hkou

v;{kk.kka izks- ukeojflagegksn;kuka] laLrikBiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka izks- jkkkoYyHk&

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

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