10.1 NUCLEUS OF AN ATOMDescribe thecompositionof thenucleus of anatom in termsof protonsand neutrons
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Matter is made up of very small particles calledatoms
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Each atom has a very small and very dense corecalled nucleus. Most of the mass of atom iscontained in the nucleus
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The electrons move in orbits around the nucleus.
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There are a lot of empty spaces within atom
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A nucleus consists of a number of protons andneutrons.
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Protons and neutrons also known as nucleons.
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A proton has a unit positive charge.
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A neutron is an uncharged particle of about thesame mass as the proton.
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An atom is neutral because it contains an equalnumber of negatively charged electrons. So the netcharge is zero.Define protonnumber (Z)Proton number, Z, is defined as the number of protonsin a nucleusThe number of electrons = the number of protonsAn element is identified by its proton numberDefinenucleonnumber (A)Nucleon number, A is defined as the total number ofprotons and neutrons in a nucleus.Number of neutrons, N = A - ZWhat isnuclideA nuclide is an atom of a particular structure. Eachelement has nucleus with a specific number ofprotons.Nuclidenotation
X
A Z
Proton
p
11
Neutron
n
10
Electron
e
01
−
AX A = nucleon numberZ Z = proton numberX = chemical symbol of the elementExample
C
126
Proton number of carbon = 6, carbon nucleus has 6protons. The nucleon number of carbon is 12. So thenumber of neutrons in carbon nucleus is 12 – 6 = 6
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Please go to fizikmozac.blogspot.com, go to contents then go to notes and module, look under fast notes.