Vitex trifolia L. Vitex negundo Linn.

Genus: Vitex Genus: Vitex

Species: trifolia Species: negundo
Family: Lamiaceae Family: Verbenaceae
Objectives of the Study

• ToThis
findstudy
out ifaimed
the to extract
leaf screen of
3.2. ToTo determine
detect inthe what active
type of
the theV.Vitex
trifolia L. (Lamiaceae)
trifolia L. could inhibit
constituents
microbe is the present on theof
leaf extract
leaftheextract
growth
Vitex for
of L.
trifolia phytochemical
test organisms
most and
effective.
leaf
what extract of Vitexgives
concentration trifolia
the
occurrence and to evaluate its
L.
highest zone of inhibition.
antimicrobial activity through
in vitro assay.
 Treatment 6
Treatment
Treatment
Treatment 213
54
-1mL
--1:21mg/mL
-2:1
1:1 plant Amoxicillin
extract
Normal
plant
plant and
saline
extract
extract and
and
- 1mL Pure plant
-normal
normal
normal
1mg/mL saline
solutionsolution
extractsolution
saline
saline solution
Ketoconazole
Mean
Mean
Mean Diameter
MeanDiameter Zones
DiameterZones of
ZonesofInhibition
Inhibition
Inhibition
of of
of
InhibitionofV.
Treatment
V.V.
of trifolia
trifolia L.
trifoliaL.
5 Leaf
(T5
Leaf–
L.
Phytochemicals
Extract
Extract
1mL
and
and
pure detected
Standard
Standard
extract) on Vitex
Treatment
Treatment
against trifoliaAmoxicillin
Escherichia
(1
(1mg/mL
mg/mL L. (Lamiaceae)
Leaf Extract and Standard Treatment (1Amoxicillin
coli,
mg/mL
Staphylococcus
stock
stock
solution)
Amoxicillin solution)
aureus,
stock against
against
andStaphylococcus
solution) Aspergillus
Aspergillus
against oryzae
oryzae
aureus
Escherichia (Alburg)
coli
Cohn.
35
30
35

of
30
30

Zoneof
25
Metabolites Results

DiameterZone
25

(mm)
25

Inhibition (mm)
25 20 24.07
20

MeanDiameter
-
20
Mean Diameter Zone of

Inhibition
20 15
Anthraquinones 1515
Inhibition (mm)

10 17.3
15 10
10
Mean

Flavonoids
10
55
5 +
0 9.67
0 T1 T2 T3
T3 T4
T4 T5
T5 T6
T6

+
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
5
Saponins 11 27.67
28 7.67 17.67
18.33 7 7.67
22.33 9.67
23.33 00
27.33 11 10.67 16 18.33 0
2 30.33
19.67 7
14.33 7.33 20.33
16.33 9 9.33
24.33 00
2 31.33 11.67 11 15.33 17.67 0
0 3 33.67
23 7
16 7
14.33 8.67
22.33 10
24 00
3
Tannins Mean E.coli
27
30.56
23.56
Mean 28.55
10.67 11.67
7.22 S.
16.22 aureus
7.11
16.11
15
8.45
21.66
11.11 11.11 15.44
16.67
23.89 -
9.67A.oryzae
0.00
0.00
17.56 0.00
0

Treatment
Test Organisms
Treatment
Inhibition of
nucleic acid Disruption of
replication and barrier function
transcription.
Mean Diameter Zones of Inhibition of Treatment 5 (T5 –
1mL pure extract) against Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus oryzae (Alburg)
Cohn.

25
Mean Diameter Zone of 24.07
20
Inhibition (mm)

17.3
15

10
9.67

0
E.coli S. aureus A.oryzae
Test Organisms
Based on the results of the study, the
following conclusions are made:
2.Treatment
4.Treatment
5.
3.Treatment
Vitex 1
trifolia
5 effectively
L. leaf inhibited
extract
1.Vitex trifolia L. leaf extract has an
the growthSaponins
contains
antimicrobialofpotential
E.
A. coli.
oryzae.
S. aureus.
andofFlavonoids
inhibiting
which
the growth contributed to and its
of E. coli, S. aureus A.
antimicrobial
oryzae. activity.
3.Based
Since
on Vitex trifolia
the findings andL.conclusions,
have been the
2.detected
A range
researcherforof biological
phytochemicals
recommends screenings
which have
the following:
inhibitory effects on microorganisms
(e.g. phototoxicity, in
antiviral
vitro. Theseminimum
1.The compounds should inhibitory
be
and etc.)
subjected should
to animal
concentration (MIC)andbe applied
human
and to
studies
minimum
tocapture
determine
bactericidal unexplored
their medicinal
effectiveness
concentration in
(MBC)
whole-organism systems, including in
uses. be determined
should
particular toxicity studies as well as an
examination of their effects on
beneficial normal microbiota
 In a study using radioactive
precursors, Mori and colleagues
3’ showed that DNA synthesis was
2’ 4’ most affected in S. aureus.
B Protein and lipid synthesis were
O 5’
8 also affected but to a lesser
7 2 6’
extent. The author suggested
A C that the B ring of the flavonoids
6 3
4 may play a role in intercalation or
5
hydrogen bonding with the
O stacking of nucleic acid bases
(Mori et al. 1987).
The skeleton structure of the
flavones (a class of flavonoids),
with rings named and positions
numbered
HYPOTHESES
This study sought to test the following
2. hypotheses:
3.
4. The
The pure
There are leafactive
grand
no extract
mean of Vitex
constituents
zone of
trifolia L.onis of
present
inhibition equally
the the effective
leaf extract in
different
of
1. The leaf extracts of Vitex
inhibiting
treatments
Vitex the L.
trifolia growth
has a of significant
E. coli, S.
trifolia L. leaf extract. Thus it
aureus and A.inoryzae.
difference inhibiting the
can inhibit the growth of E. coli,
growth of E.coli, S. aureus, and
S. aureus and A. oryzae.
A. oryzae.
2. Which among the treatments
3. Are theinhibited
effectively following major of
the growth groups
Statement
of
E.coli, S.aureus
Specifically of
it the
antimicrobial
and Problem
compounds
A.oryzae?
sought to answer
present
theT1 – 1mg/mLin
following
This study was
V. / Ketoconazole
Amoxicillin
questions: trifolia
conducted to find
L.
out
stock solution
(Lamiaceae) leaf activity
extract?
1. Does
the antimicrobial
Vitex trifolia L. of Vitex
leaf extract have
T2 – 1:1 V. trifolia L. extract and Normal
1.1 Anthraquinones
trifolia
inhibitory L. (Lamiaceae)
effects
saline against theleaf
solution extract
growth of
1.2
T3 Flavonoids
against
E.coli, E.coli,
–S.aureus
1:2 S.aureus
V. trifolia and A.oryzae
andL.A.oryzae?
extract and Normaland
1.3 Tannins
salineits
solution
characterize bioactive constituents by
1.4 Saponins
T4 – 2:1 V. trifolia L. extract and Normal
laboratory test tube screening methods.
saline solution
T5 – 1mL V. trifolia L. extract
T6 – 1mL Normal saline solution