Professional Documents
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Content
Objectives Introduction Data Conventional File Vs Database Approach Data Modelling Relational Database and RDBMS Data warehouse and BI Other DB and DBMS
Objectives
Define general data mgmt concepts & terms Highlight advantages of the database approach to data management Describe the relational database model Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems Identify popular user database management systems A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making
Objectives (Cont)
The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits Identify and briefly discuss current database applications Database systems process and organize large amounts of data, e.g.
Marketing manager can access customer data Corporate lawyer can access past cases and opinions
Introduction
Database: an organized collection of data that can be shared Database management system (DBMS): group of programs to manage database
Manipulates database Provides an interface between database and the user of the database and other application programs
Database administrator (DBA): skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organizations database
Data Management
Without data and the ability to process it, an organization could not successfully complete most business activities Data consists of raw facts To transform data into useful information, it must first be organized in a meaningful way Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
Data: About various employees that have resigned Information: 25 employee from XYZ institute resigned Knowledge: Attrition 50% more for recruits from XYZ Wisdom: Do not recruit from XYZ
Field: typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys (continued) In Library Management System, for the entity Book,
what are the attributes? What are the data items? What is the key? How many byte one record occupies? How many bits? If number of records are 50000, what is the total size?
For a bank, for the entity Account work out the same
Payroll
Skills Inventory
DBMS
Database
Performance Appraisal
Content: What data should be collected and at what cost? Access: What data should be provided to which users and when? Logical structure: How should data be arranged so that it makes sense to a given user? Physical organization: Where should data be physically located?
Data Modeling
Building a database requires two types of designs
Logical design: abstract model of how the data should be structured and arranged to meet an organizations information needs Physical design: starts from the logical database design and fine-tunes it for performance and cost considerations
Each row of a table represents a data entity Columns of the table represent attributes Domain: allowable values for data attributes
Figure 5.6: A Simplified ER Diagram Showing the Relationship Between the Manager, Department, and Project Tables
Simple database whose records have no relationship to one another (e.g. spread sheet, word document) Only one person can use the database at a time Examples: Access, FileMaker, and InfoPath Allows dozens or hundreds of people to access the same database system at the same time Examples: Oracle, Sybase, and DB2 (IBM) Examples of open-source database systems: PostgreSQL and MySQL
Language for creating / modifying / deleting objects in Database and relationship between these objects Objects are Tables, Views, Indexes, constraints, etc. E.g. Create Table Project (Project_Number Char(3), Description Varchar(30), Dept_Number Char(3))
Detailed description of all the data used in the database, e.g. type (Character / Integer / Date / Float / etc), length of each field
commands that manipulate the data in a database, i.e. Add / Modify / Delete / View record E.g. Select Project_Number, description From Project
Database Administration
Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases DBA works with both users and programmers A data administrator is responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions; a nontechnical position
Israeli Holocaust Database (www.yadvashem.org) Hazmat database Art and Antique Organizer Deluxe
Special-purpose database by Tableau can be used to store and process visual images
Developing a seamless integration of traditional databases with the Internet Allows people to access and manipulate a number of traditional databases at the same time through the Internet
Business Intelligence
Business intelligence (BI):
process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations Turns data into useful information that is then distributed throughout an enterprise
aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations
Counterintelligence:
Distributed Databases
Distributed database
Database in which the data may be spread across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases are organized and used Database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data
Replicated database
Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Database Management Systems Object-oriented database: database that stores both data and its processing instructions
Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Database Management Systems (continued) Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS): group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS): DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video, and graphical data
Spatial data technology: stores and accesses data according to the locations it describes and permits spatial queries and analysis