Sub-Saharan Africa for CriminalActsAgainstCivilAviation_1999

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Criminal Acts Against AviationPage i

Table of Contents

Page

Foreword........................................................................................................................................11999 In Review..............................................................................................................................3Geographic Overviews – Significant Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation.........................7

Asia.............................................................................................................................................8Central Eurasia..........................................................................................................................14Europe.......................................................................................................................................18Latin America and the Caribbean.............................................................................................24Middle East and North Africa...................................................................................................28North America..........................................................................................................................32Sub-Saharan Africa...................................................................................................................36

Feature Articles...........................................................................................................................41

The Hijacking of Avianca Airlines Flight 9463.......................................................................42The Hijacking of All Nippon Airways Flight 61......................................................................44The Hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814............................................................................47

Trends 1995-1999........................................................................................................................49

Introduction...............................................................................................................................50Hijackings of Civil Aviation Aircraft.......................................................................................52Bombings/Attempted Bombings/Shootings on Civil Aviation Aircraft...................................54Shootings at In-Flight Aircraft..................................................................................................55Off-Airport Facility Attacks.....................................................................................................56Attacks at Airports....................................................................................................................57Commandeerings of Civil Aviation Aircraft............................................................................59Incidents Involving General Aviation/Charter Aviation..........................................................60

Appendices...................................................................................................................................61

Appendix A U.S.-Registered Air Carrier Hijacking Chronology, 1995-1999........................62Appendix B Foreign-Registered Air Carrier Hijacking Chronology, 1995-1999...................63Appendix C Bombings of Aircraft Chronology, 1995-1999...................................................66Appendix D Chronology of Significant Acts Against Civil Aviation In 1999 By Date.........67Appendix E Chronology of Significant Acts Against Civil Aviation In 1999 By Category...68Appendix F Total Incidents, 1995-1999..................................................................................70Appendix G Politically-Motivated Incidents Involving Civil Aviation 1995-1999................75

Charts and Graphs.....................................................................................................................77

Criminal Acts Against AviationPage ii

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Criminal Acts Against AviationPage 1

Foreword

Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation

is a publication of the Federal Aviation Administration’sOffice of Civil Aviation Security. This document records incidents that have taken place againstcivil aviation aircraft and interests worldwide.

Criminal Acts

has been published each year since1986. Incidents recorded in this report are summarized in regional geographic overviews.Feature articles focus on case histories or on specific aviation-related issues. Incidents are alsosorted into one of seven categories and compared over a five-year period. In addition, charts andgraphs have been prepared to assist the reader in interpreting the data. The cutoff date forinformation in this report is December 31, 1999.This year’s issue has undergone a number of changes, beginning with a redesigned cover. Thecharts which are used have been modified as well. In addition, the European and CentralEurasian maps were reconfigured to better reflect political changes of the recent past. Forpurposes of this publication, the European geographic area will consist of Western Europe andall Central, Eastern, and Southern European states located west of Russia. This includes theBalkan and Baltic states. The Central Eurasian geographic area now consists of Russia, theCentral Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), andthe Caucasus area (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan). Other maps are unchanged.The information contained in this publication is derived from a variety of foreign and domesticsources. In many cases, however, specific details of a particular incident may not be available,especially if it occurs outside the United States. While every effort has been made to providecomplete and accurate information, it is not always possible to verify accounts of some incidents.The FAA maintains records of aircraft hijackings, bombing attacks, and other significantcriminal acts against civil and general aviation interests worldwide, which are used to compilethis report. Offenses such as these represent serious threats to aviation safety and, in thoseincidents involving U.S. air carriers or facilities outside the United States, are often intended assymbolic attacks against the United States.Hijacking and commandeering incidents are viewed within the context of the U.S. Federalcriminal statute (49 USC 1472 (i)), which defines air piracy as any seizure or exercise of control,by force or violence or threat of force or violence, or by any other form of intimidation, and withwrongful intent, of any aircraft. This report does not distinguish between an act of air piracy andan attempted act of air piracy for statistical purposes.The 1999 issue of

Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation

is available on the world wide web atHTTP://CAS.FAA.GOV/CRIMACTS. The 1996 through 1998

Crimacts

reports are alsoavailable on this web site. Charts, maps, and some photos will be in color on the web site.

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