Math 17 Final Exam Reviewer

Factoring Polynomials Rational exponents If n is a positive integer greater than 1, and a is a real number, then if is a real number

If m and n are positive integers that are relatively prime, and a is a real number, then if is a real number If m and n are positive even integers and a is a real number, then | | { { | |

Absolute Value | | | { |

If m and n are positive integers that are relatively prime, and a is a real number and , then if is a real number

Pythagorean Theorem

Integer Exponents If n and m are positive integers and a and b are real numbers, then

Properties of Logarithmic Functions iff If u and v are positive numbers, and n is any real number, then

Quadratic Equation

To complete the square of Add

Nature of roots (i) : roots are real and equal (ii) : roots are real and unequal (iii) : roots are imaginary and unequal

Radicals If a and b are real numbers,

Where both

The Principal Square Root of a Negative Number If p is a positive number, then the principal square root of p, denoted by , is defined by if n is even

Composite Function (f g)(x) = f (g(x)) Where the domain of f g is the set of all numbers x in the domain of g such that g(x) is in the domain of f . Even Function. A function f is said to be an even function if for every x in the domain of f, . Odd Function. A function f is said to be an odd function if for every x in the domain of f, . Extreme Function Values of a Quadratic , where

and

Inequalities If a, b, and c are real numbers and (i) if and , then (ii) if then (iii) if then (iv) if and , then (v) if and , then (vi) if , | | | | or (vii) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (ix) | Midpoint Formula

Function Operations Given the functions f and g: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) In each case the domain of the resulting function consists of those values of x common to the domains of f and g. In case (iv), the values of x for which g(x) = 0 are excluded.

Equation of a Circle with center at and radius r

Distance between two points ||

Equations of a line

a = x-intercept

b = y-intercept

Remainder Theorem. If P(x) is a polynomial and r is a real number, then if P(x) is divided by x r, the remainder is P(r). Factor Theorem. If P(x) is a polynomial and r is a real number, then P(x) has x r as a factor if and only if P(r) = 0.

The Eight Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

2 distinct nonvertical lines l1 and l2 with slopes m1 and m2 are

Vertical-line Test. The graph of a function can be intersected by a vertical line in at most one point.

0 Radian Measure 0 1 0 1

30 2

45 1 1

60 2

90 1 0 0 1

180 0

270 0

15 )

75 )

0 0

Sum and Difference Identities

Special Reduction Formulas

If are the angles of any triangle, and a, b, and c are, respectively, the measures of the sides opposite these angles, then

( ( ( Double-Measure and Half-Measure Identities

) ) ) Product to Sum Identities

Sum to Product Identities

Absolute Value of a Complex Number | |

Polar Form of | If then |

nth Roots of Complex Numbers If z is a nonzero complex number, where and n is a positive integer, then z has exactly n distinct nth roots given by

Where k is 0, 1, , n 1. De Moivres Theorem If n is any integer, then