F field of scalars

Addition
+
'zero' 0
inverser +(-) =0 if #0 (1.)*=1

Multiplication
*
non zero 'one' 1

Eg:
1. F=C complex numbers
2. F=R real numbers
3. F=Q rational number
4. F=Z integers
5. F= Z5={0,1,2,3,4}
+= remainder when divided by 5
3+4=2;!!
*=rem inder when divided by 5
2*3=1!!
'zero'=0;

0
1
2
3
4

1
2
3
4

1/

0
4
3
2
1
1
3
2
4

c) distributive: also works

6) n is positive integer
Zn={0,1,2,...,n-2, n-1}
is field if and only if n is a prime number!!!
7) Smallest possible field
{0,1}=Z2
Some elementary
a) 0+=

) += lph +gr
(cancellation)
c) +(-)=
d) *0=0*=0
e)(-1)*=-
f)(-)(-)=*
g)if *=0 then

properties
mm

=> beta=gramma

[-:=+(-)]

either =0 or =0 or both

(-alpha)+(alpha+beta)=(-alpha)+(alpha+gramma)
=> [A]ii ((-alpha)+alpha)+beta)=((-alpha)+alpha)+gramma
=> [A]iv
0+beta=0+gramma =>a beta=gramma
f) (-alpha)(-beta)
=e ((-1)*alpha)*((-1)*beta)
=(-1*-1(alpha*beta
We will be done if we can show (-1)(-1)=1

e)=> (-1)(-1)=-(-1)
let -1=alpha
1+(-1)=0 [A]iv
=>(-1)+1=0 [A]i
= -alpha=1 => 1=-(-1)!!!
-(-alpha)=alpha

Homework: the rest