TEN VECTORS AND PLANES, LINES, AND SURFACES IN SPACE 10.1 VECTORS IN THE PLANE, ‘the plese in an ordered pair of real nomnbere (zy). The numbers = and y ate ‘all the componente ofthe vector (ey). Vetat (x) and (uc) ate egal # and only Pou anel yt 0 (0) inthe sery soto. In contract me eal 9 mimber& sel TA (ejay thon the dicted line segment DR, wher © bs the gin and A inthe point (ep ee he peston retin he oss AHP =) a8 = (ey {tn the directed line cogent RQ te» rpesetain of the sector (9, Pts Pa) We moe the abbreviaan a VIO) 101.2 Definition ‘Tie maytag ofa vector the lagi of any of ts representations, and the direction of & outers elo sthe dieton of any te rpreseatons. ‘The magnitude of tle vector A's enoied by JALAN =0 i and ont if B13 Theorem IEA i the vector (ayy thea All Yn fae TEA Oy the dretien of Ai the radia menue ofthe angle # €[0,29) sich that In navigation, the cvarse oe Aending ¢ ofa sip o airplane inthe angle measoned in degree clockwise from the north to tle dincton in which the vowel ie travaling. The angles ‘cotsidened postive Thos Oif0 <9 90, or 45F— cit g >90- 101.4 Deiniion “The sm of to veers A fsa: nd Do (by) nthe voter A-S By din by ALB=(e, 2.07%) “The rule fot addition of vcore it sometines refereed toa the parllagra lew Fone Fore is a veior quantity. Any set ol from acting ata singe point cas be mplaced by 4 single force, he rental, which thee vee su 1OLS Definition ICA = (0,22), then the neyaiveof A, dnotal by ~A, ie defined to be the vet (—s.~24)- 1016 Defiaition The diffrence of the two vectors A and B.denuted by AP, is the sector obtaiaed by adding A to the negative of Be hat A-B=A+(-B) By Defiation 10.1.6, flows tat the vectr represented by the dimeted ne segment Fe of the vector whowe pesion rqpesestatins are OG and OF. In ambols Be (t= Pity P3)- Furthermore, ABCD Wa paradclognan if and only D0). 104.7 Deion 1 a ela nd A in the vet (0) th the prod F< and A, denoted by CAs he ‘vector given by eA = e(@,, 43) = (€a,. 063), 14 0 theo i din ob JA. pie thet of vets tpi vit aditon and alr malian ‘su of terme of he form eA, cle inca cmblnton of he vecrs A, "Te linear obinaen tire ta essay 6 ere The set ot wet aepedent ace nowt comtinatin este vse. 1018 Theorem If A,B, and Cae any vos i Vande and date any seas, then wear atin and Peak snpeon ei the owing pooper696 VECTORS AND PLANES, LINES, AND SURFACES IN SPACE ASB=B+A (commutative lew) At (2G) = (AD) +0 (onecinie ln) (ii) There ina vector O's Vy for which A'} OA (exitence of additive ientiy) (ie) Thee bn vector “A i Vy ch that A+ (-A) =O (cabtanee of negation (e8)A = oA) (asciative lam) (5) (A$ B) = od fo (Sietautoe Law) (vi) (e+ d)A eA HA (aitabate law) (Gi) TIA)» A Getence of wear maltipiative deat) 10.9 Definition A rea! vector space V i a set of elemats, alled vector, together with the st of eal funbesy eaed seals with Ovo eperation cal wctor eddton al salar muipliction Soc Unt for eves pai of votre A and Bin V aad fr eer scala ¢, vector A+B ard & ‘etoreA are defied no that groper () (8) of Toarom 10.18 are sti ny ctor that hes magnitede one ie called a anit vector. We define the vectow i andj (Thch form» ban for un vector apace Ve fallow: 0) ant (0.1) ‘hn an dot 6) Vp be (eyed aire 101.1 Them If tenon ver A= 0:44 he he tv U having the ine Section oe fens u = ig Tho Tat TRE lid tenia nin Set Eee ‘Te Cucly Schwa sey” ety tem eps se) ‘The Triangle noquaity fr Vectors A+ BIZiAL+IBI FE aa ae et i an RE me tn Bes In Exercaee 1-1, (aj draw the position repisentation of the vector A an alto the particular represecation PG Heough the given print P.(b) Bd the magne of A. prax(e3ied > Led Abe the point (4,0). The dtected line tegnent_ OA is the poston repmeeataton of vector ‘A, as shown inthe figure. LA PQ be the particular ‘eposentaton of ester A trough pon! P. Tye PG-a-pae mg__ose “Thos Q=(6,6). The mprewetaticn Fas ale tons in te figure: By Theorem 10113, the maguitude of vecor Ai given by Tale Vso = A In Baers Gand 6 find the cant (in (e) hn npn) maian mente of he ction angle ofthe vcr 5 (@) (Lt) an a 6) Vth d= 0d (8) [-80} tan . () (0 tan = Yadetned, =f pay aneazrnsie= tw O098 —— (6)(-2 tan Om Om x tants10a VECTORS 1 THE PLANE eo Ja e710, he var Abving Fa nratin, Dr Fde poitin mp o A BpeGor ac waiO ero Ae eek braGionan > Since PQ is a representation of A. we have anepe-Ar—=(-38) “The representation PG and the postion teneesentation a of the veetot A are town inthe figure. 2 Pa (-hm3KQ= Be qa PER (B= (2) +42) = (2 Thus $= (3-2) 13. P=} a= (6-25 MPa (= mes 1B (9) GA)4C38) = -BA43) = C19) ca 09, © (@)LetA= (0.8) and B= (2,3). By Defi I. AAR= (0.3) (2.3) = (04 -2),349) = 2 (0) tet Am (8) and = (V1) Thee ASB =(28)+(-V3.-1) =0- Vi.) 1s the Ggurn OACH i « paralogren. TR is he resto reprecntaon of vecur A and 08 & the ion reprocnation of vector B, The dingoeel fs the podtlon representation of A$ 4m Buereses 17 and 18, subtrct the second vector fom the fist ad strate geome ML. (0) (8-8) (60) = (8-610) = (1) () (le) 18 (8) (0.9) -(2.8) = ©-2,5-8)=(-2-8) @n-—.n= aries 19 a 20, Sd the vecior of alas fA = a2) (.-3), C= (232). (0) A+B (A). ran Yeon vii (oI7A-Di- 7049 --9) 20. (3) A-B; (hes (©) 2A43B (0428) (4, -8)] =] (1030) |= VEER = JOO THT = VT