Final Report on Waste Management Pilot Project in Mayanya, Dar es Salaam, by

J.Palfreman on behalf of Cambridge Kinondoni Friendship Association (CKFA),

November 2011

Executive Summary
There is an urgent need for improved waste management in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and in
response to this, between May and November 2011, CKFA ian a small waste management
Pilot Pioject involving euucation, waste collection anu iecycling opeiations baseu on Su
householus on Togo St. situateu in the Nanyanya aiea of Kinonuoni Bistiict, Bai es
Salaam. Theie is huge potential acioss the iapiuly giowing city to benefit both
enviionmentally anu economically fiom sounu waste management anu iecycling. Foi
this Pilot Pioject CKFA successfully paitneieu with the Tanzanian enviionmental baseu
Nu0, AuENBA anu succeeueu in pioviuing a waste iecycling anu collection initiative in
an oiganiseu anu non-exploitative mannei by woiking with local oiganisations anu
iesiuents unuei the appioval anu appiaisal of the Kinonuoni Nunicipal Council. The
Pilot Pioject uemonstiateu that the potential to collect anu iecycle waste effectively anu
sustainably is piesent. While theie aie unuoubteu challenges in the abilities to iecycle
compost anu oiganic mateiials, a futuie pioject on a much laigei scale is cleaily
applicable to Kinonuoni's waste ciisis.

Introduction
A wider perspective on the waste management crisis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and the
socio-economic factors that led to the citys present reality, and the urgent need for improved
waste management in the community.

Situated on the shores of the Indian Ocean, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania has the potential to be
one of the most beautiful cities on the African continent. The reality however is very
different. The U.S. company NYC Partnership Consulting recently rated Dar es Salaam as
the eighth filthiest city in the world.
1
As the third fastest growing city in Sub-Saharan Africa
(the 9
th
fastest in the world), there is a pressing need for environmental action.
2
The
Tanzanian capital is plagued with problems of waste management, dumping and sanitation.
Rubbish is regularly burned in school yards in the centre of the city, often leading to
respiratory disease. Other waste is dumped into local storm drains or directly into the
Msimbazi rivera water resource that is also used for cooking and bathing. This activity
causes diseases such as cholera and typhoid. It is paradoxical that a state recently praised for
its efforts in combating HIV and Malaria is so far failing to confront the health implications
of continued environmental degradation.
3


1
Mwakyusa, Alvar. (2010). lts offlclol. uot omooqst wotlJs flltblest cltles. [lnLerneL].
1anzanla: 1hls uay newspaper.
2
ClLy Mayor. (2010). 1be wotlJs fostest qtowloq cltles ooJ otboo oteos ftom 2006-2020.
[lnLerneL]
3
M[aslrl, !affar. (2010). 1oozoolo wlos ptolse lo Alu5 flqbt. [lnLerneL]. 1anzanla: ually news
Cnllne LdlLlon.
It is estimated that only ten to twenty percent of waste produced is managed effectively,
safely and sustainably on the African continent.
4
There is considerable research about the
adverse health and environmental consequences of burning refuse and dumping waste into
bodies of water.

It is worth noting that there is no culture of improper waste management and littering in
Dar es Salaam. A survey by Lusugga Kironde included in his book Managing the Monster,
illustrated that out of thousands of survey participants, 100% of respondents found waste in
Dar es Salaam to be a nuisance in their daily lives. Ninety-eight percent of respondents stated
that they were willing to be employed in, or participatory within, waste management, which
reveals simply a lack of opportunity.

The same study also pointed out some positive and successful initiatives by NGOs and
companies to provide the incentive for residents of Dar es Salaam to clean up and manage
waste. For example, companies such as the Tanzania Telephone Company and Twiga
Cementwhich built a number of trash bins around Dar es Salaam and The National Bank
of Commercewhich maintains a park on the Kivukoni Front Road in the Ilala district of Dar
es Salaam have set some good examples. The study also recognizes the efforts of the
NGO, Plan International to build trash bins in the Buguruni area of Dar es Salaam (which
do not exist today) as well as other Tanzanian organisations such as the Joint Environmental
Management Association at the University of Dar es Salaam (JEMA) and the Kariakoo and
Buguruni Market Associations.
5


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Between Nay-Novembei 2u11 the Cambiiuge Kinonuoni Fiienuship Association
(www.CKFA.oig.au) ian a pilot pioject conceining waste management anu iecycling in
Tanzania. We baseu oui euucational, waste collection anu iecycling opeiations among
householus on Togo St. situateu in the Nanyanya aiea of Kinonuoni Bistiict, Bai es
Salaam.
Fig 1 anu 2. Togo St aftei the cleanup.


4
klemmer A. SLarL ?our WasLe 8ecycllng 8uslness, lnLernaLlonal Labour CrganlsaLlon 2001,
Lusaka, Zambla.
3
lbld
CKFA believes stiongly in bottom-up anu locally maue solutions within inteinational
uevelopment. 0ui woik in Tanzania was no exception. This key piinciple leu CKFA's
iepiesentatives in Austialia anu Tanzania to consult a wiue iange of actois both locally
anu inteinationally, piioi to putting oui waste management opeiations into piactice,
that weie uealing with ielevant uevelopmental issues. This pioject acknowleuges the
logistical anu piofessional suppoit pioviueu to CKFA by a numbei of oiganisations anu
inuiviuuals.

Thiough consulting anu woiking with key uevelopment paitneis CKFA successfully
paitneieu with the Tanzanian enviionmental baseu Nu0, AuENBA that went on to leau
oui opeiations in Bai es Salaam ovei five months.

CKFA's aim anu vision was to tap into the potential of waste in Bai es Salaam. 0ften
spoken about as a 'waste ciisis' theie is huge potential acioss the iapiuly giowing city
to benefit both enviionmentally anu economically fiom sounu waste management anu
iecycling. An 'aimy' of infoimal waste collectois alieauy scavenge Bai es Salaam's
filthiest waius foi specific waste mateiials that can be solu at a netwoik of abunuant
inuustiies acioss the city. These inuustiies howevei aie often iun thiough 'miuule men'
anu as a iesult waste iecycleis aie exploiteu. Waste inuustiies in Bai es Salaam also
catei veiy specifically to just a few items. As oui pilot pioject uiscoveieu, the potential
to iecycle items such as plastic bags anu fabiic is neai impossible uue to the almost
non-existent stieet value of these mateiials. CKFA's pilot pioject aimeu anu succeeueu
in pioviuing a waste iecycling anu collection initiative foi all items in an oiganiseu anu
non-exploitative mannei. By woiking with local oiganisation anu iesiuents unuei the
appioval anu appiaisal of the Kinonuoni Nunicipal Council we weie able to uevelop anu
successfully implement anu manage oui opeiations.

The NGO AGENDA
Founueu in 1994, AuENBA foi Enviionment anu Responsible Bevelopment
(www.agenua-tz.oig) is a non goveinment anu non piofit-shaiing oiganisation
iegisteieu in Tanzania. It's vision anu mission is to piomote a cultuie of iesponsibility
to the enviionment amongst the geneial public thiough awaieness, auvocacy, capacity
builuing anu uiiect action.

0vei the past yeai AuENBA has sought to auuiess issues aiounu waste management
anu iecycling moie fully, but has lackeu the funuing to set up a sustainable anu self-
financing pioject. AuENBA has foimeu stiong paitneiships with civil society
oiganisations acioss Tanzania as well as with the Tanzanian goveinment. It pioviues
the public, the piivate sectoi anu the goveinment with a numbei of enviionmental
seivices incluuing: capacity builuing, tiaining anu technical instiuction on the use of
iespective technologies.

AuENBA is composeu of a ueneial Assembly, Boaiu of Biiectois the Executive Secietaiy
anu the Secietaiiat. The oiganisation employs ovei ten piofessionally tiaineu staff
incluuing an IPEP Cooiuinatoi anu Exteinal Pioject Supeivisois. AuENBA also hosts a
numbei of volunteeis anu stuuents into it's opeiations.
Among waste management opeiations AuENBA cuiiently iuns activities aiounu Coastal
Enviionmental Nanagement, Chemical anu Chemical Waste Nanagement anu
Biouiveisity Conseivation.

AuENBA is also ienowneu in Tanzania foi a numbei of high quality anu fai ieaching
publications. Leauing publications by the oiganisation incluue 'Business Enviionment
Law Banubook (in collaboiation with LEAT)' anu 'The Infoimal Sectoi anu the
Enviionment in Tanzania'.

The Pilot Project
Between Nay-Novembei 2u11 CKFA anu AuENBA set up an expeiimental, but
successful anu iewaiuing, pilot waste management anu iecycling piogiamme in the
Kinonuoni Bistiict of Bai es Salaam with Su householus anu seveial hunuieu iesiuents.
We baseu oui opeiations on Togo Stieet in the Nayanya waiu of Kinonuoni Bistiict, Bai
es Salaam. By woiking closely with local waste coopeiatives we pioviueu an oiganiseu
anu effective waste management anu iecycling seivice to these iesiuents, piotecting the
enviionment while saving many iesouices fiom enuing up in lanufill.

CKFA anu AuENBA's opeiations
weie baseu laigely on piactical
uevelopment. 0ui team of foui
ieseaicheis anu thiee waste
collectois (souiceu fiom local
infoimal waste coopeiatives)
useu puichaseu equipment (i.e.
wheelbaiiows, shovels, iubbish
bags) to collect hunuieus of
tonnes of waste anu iecyclable
mateiials fiom householus,
businesses anu public aieas.
Bouseholus anu businesses weie
pioviueu with stuiuy anu ie-
usable iubbish bags foi both
waste anu iecyclable mateiials. CKFA anu AuENBA collecteu these bags on a weekly
basis, ietuining the bags empty anu cleaneu at the enu of the uay to theii iespective
home.

CKFA anu AuENBA's euucation
initiatives weie laigely baseu
aiounu waste soiting anu safe
waste uisposal. We sought to
influence householus to soit
theii own waste mateiials into
two categoiies: bio-
uegiauableoiganic mateiials
(i.e. foou) anu non-oiganic
iecyclable mateiials (i.e.
plastics, metals, papei). We also
ian euucation piojects about
how householus coulu use anu
benefit fiom oiganic mateiials
by composting at householu level.


Each euucational pioject was leu by AuENBA anu Enviiocaie, we pioviueu iesiuents
with public notices, inuiviuual letteis to iefeience the pioject anu euucational
initiatives anu elaboiateu on these notices oially when meeting with them on seveial
occasions. In many cases we physically showeu them with bags, gloves, waste etc. what
mateiials weie appiopiiate foi the bags we weie pioviuing.

Resiuents veiy quickly iealiseu that oui pioject was moie chaiitable than business
focuseu. A minoi challenge we faceu was making oui initial opeiations look altiuistic
iathei than just anothei one of the common waste pick up scams in the aiea. Thiough
oui stieet clean up anu euucational pioject iesiuents quickly got the point. Nost
iesiuents woikeu in petty business anu tiaues (iestauiants, geneial shops) in the local
aiea.

In othei euucation piojects we auuiesseu the health anu enviionmental hazaius of
uisposing waste impiopeily (i.e. in wateiways oi by buining waste). 0ui pioject
uiscoveieu that oui euucation initiatives aiounu safepiopei waste uisposal weie
ieceiveu anu implementeu by paiticipants enthusiastically.. The lack of iecyclable
mateiials as well as the common theft of these mateiials by othei waste iecycleis
hampeieu the success of this initiative.

CKFA iealises that the impiopei methous of uisposing waste acioss the ueveloping
woilu uiiectly affect the inteinational uevelopment initiatives set out by the 0niteu
Nations Nillennium Bevelopment uoals. The 0N's NBu's call foi, 'Ensuiing
enviionmental sustainability' (uoal 7), Beveloping global paitneiships foi uevelopment
(uoal 8) anu 'Combating Nalaiia anu othei uiseases' (uoal 6) all of which Impiopei
waste management uoes not only affect health but also the economy thiough
hampeiing hygiene sensitive inuustiies such as iestauiants anu hotels, blocking tiaffic
thiough the piling up of waste mateiials in inappiopiiate aieas, anu scaiing visitois to
the countiy, uespite being full of leauing touiist attiactions.

Thioughout oui pilot pioject local iesiuents anu business people assisteu anu
contiibuteu to the pioject by making financial, mateiial anu laboui contiibutions.
Paiticipants maue financial contiibutions to the initiative by paying 2Su TSB pei bag
collecteu. As a iesult we collecteu ioughly 8,uuu TSB pei week fiom iubbish collections.
A uoogle Nap of Togo Stieet, Nanyanya Waiu, Kinonuoni Bistiict, Bai es Salaam,
Tanzania can be vieweu heie: http:maps.google.commapsms.vpsic=6&ctz=-
18u&vps=2&ie=0TF8&authusei=u&msa=19&msiu=216uS646S218SSu62842u.uuu4bu
98126feuSu6f64c

+","#%-."&,/0)/1020,3$(4$'#(5%6,$
AuENBA believe that with the BAP giant fiom AusAiu we woulu be able to iun a similai
pioject in Kinonuoni foi 6 - 12 months.. We woulu be able to covei 1S-2u
neighbouihoous just like Togo Stieet involving ovei a thousanu iesiuents anu business
peisons, we woulu be able to involve local waste inuustiies moie closely within oui
pioject opeiations anu builu stiong paitneiships with goveinment, civil society anu the
piivate sectoi. A ciucial iequiiement foi the pioject to be sustainable anu paiticipatoiy
woulu be the constiuction anu management of one Local Waste Site (LWS). The LWS
woulu be a cheap anu easy built stiuctuie that woulu allow iesiuents to uiiectly
paiticipate in a waste management piogiamme.

Below is a schematic plan view of a LWS

The photograph below
relates to a 2005 Red
Cross Maldives project:


In piactice iesiuents woulu biing theii waste mateiials to the LWS anu soit each
mateiial into the ielevant compaitment. Tiaining anu supeivisoiy staff woulu initially
be suppoiteu by the pioject until the ability to use the site became common knowleuge
within the community. The LWS woulu piotect waste mateiials fiom being stolen fiom
othei waste scavengeis in the aiea. The ievenue maue fiom selling the waste mateiials
to local inuustiies woulu suppoit the salaiies of S-6 staff membeis who woulu
supeivise, maintain anu manage the waste mateiials at the LWS. 0nce the pioject was
launcheu, the local clean up completeu, anu the euucation anu tiaining initiatives
suppoiteu, the LWS woulu still iemain. The stiuctuie anu management of such a system
woulu be sustainable anu peimanent. The LWS coulu easily be ieplicateu all aiounu Bai
es Salaam. CKFA is committeu in embaiking on this initiative anu eventually ieplicating
LWSs acioss Bai es Salaam.

Lastly, oui sounu anu stiengthening ielations with the Kinonuoni Nunicipal Council has
leu us to gain the suppoit of the Bonouiable Nayoi Yusuph Nwenua. uiving his full
backing to the futuie of the pioject, Nayoi Nwenua looks foiwaiu to seeing how
AuENBA, CKFA anu the KNC coulu woik moie closely togethei in the futuie. Be
believes that with a longei teim pioject the KNC woulu be able to offei piofessional anu
mateiial assistance to the pioject.

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It is cleai fiom CKFA anu AuENBA's pilot waste management pioject that the potential
to collect anu iecycle waste effectively anu sustainably is piesent. While CKFA anu
AuENBA uiu meet some challenges in the abilities to iecycle compost anu oiganic
mateiials these all challenges all became leaining oppoitunities anu complementeu
iueas of iestiuctuiing oui opeiations. A futuie pioject on a much laigei scale is cleaily
applicable to Kinonuoni's waste ciisis howevei theie is a neeu to stait this initiative as
soon as possible so as not to lose the existing effoits of euucation anu local paitneiship
in Tanzania.

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Resiuual Netal Plastics ulass Bazaius
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June 2011 CKFA representatives met with key/relevant development and
governmental partners to learn about the most appropriate
practice and methodology for a pilot waste management project
and meet any requirements by local/municipal government for
operations to begin.
July 2011 CKFA representatives made contact and built relations with
Tanzanian, environmental based NGO, AGENDA.

CKFA and AGENDA engaged in a partnership on waste
management and recycling. They drew up financial, logistical
strategies for the equipment and human resources required for
the pilot project.
August 2011 CKFA and AGENDA agreed on an appropriate ward in
Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam to run their operations.

CKFA and AGENDA representatives introduced themselves
and drew up plans with residents in Manyanya, Kinondoni, Dar
es Salaam.

CKFA and AGENDA began an intensive education project
around several environmental issues including: proper methods
to dispose waste, hazards of improper waste management, non-
organic waste sorting, composting within the home and others.

AGENDAs student internship programme contributed to the
research and pilot waste collection and recycling project directly
benefiting university students in Dar es Salaam.
September 2011 AGENDA and CKFA provided bags and bins to participating
residents in Manyanya as well as training on health and safety
and appropriate safety gear for our labourers and researchers
who participated in the project.

AGENDA and CKFA launched a door-to-door waste collection
and recycling service in Manyanya with the full participation of
local government actors, businesses and residents. They also
conducted a street clean up to ensure that local public areas and
the street are safe and clean.

AGENDA and CKFA simultaneously continued their intensive
education project in the light of the practical examples and
experiences of the programmes development and resident
stakeholders.
October 2011 Field operations closed and collected data was reported back to
key governmental, development and private sector stakeholders
in the UK, Australia and Tanzania.
Draft stages of the CKFA report are launched.
November 2011 CKFA funding proposal to be submitted and report to be made
public.

AGENDA to lead, and take full ownership of future operations
to be supported, guided and overseen by CKFA.

?">@%,$
Item Price
Large plastic bags 70,000 (70 bags)
Rubber gloves 15,000TSH (4 pairs)
Masks 3,000 (25 masks)
Long Boots (for cleaning storm drains) 30,000 (3 pairs)
Rakes 6,000 (3 sets)
Shovels 12,000 (3 sets)
Buckets 8,000 (3 buckets)
Cardboard boxes 1,000 (5 units)
Wheelbarrows 60,000 (1 unit)
Total cost for material resources 195,000
$
Person Salary
Staff salaries and expenses for two
AGENDA and two CKFA representatives
300,000
Staff salaries for three labourers over the
course of the education and waste
collection project
100,000
$
$
Service Cost
Waste removal (4 times) 80,000


Togo Stieet Resiuent paiticipants
Contact House # # of households Charge
Atia Said KIN/153 7 700 TSH
+extra bag
Rehema
Godfrey
KIN/156 6 700 TSH
+extra bag
Alhaji Momba KIN/155 5 500 TSH
Ibrahim R.
Mwalukwekwe
KIN/160 5 500 TSH
Jabrina Hemed KIN/162 6 700 TSH
+extra bag
Mkemimi
Rajabu
KIN/164 10 1,000 TSH
+2 extra bags
Mrs.Midecha KIN/166 2 500 TSH
Juma KIN/157 1 500 TSH
Vaileth KIN/163 2 500 TSH
Alfan KIN/161 2 500 TSH
Salma KIN/334 1 500 TSH
Havsebra David KIN/158 4 500 TSH
$