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The Syrian International Private University For Science AndTechnologyCollege of pharmacy
Organic Chemistry
 
Second year students
:: Alcohols and Ethers ::
Ass.Professor Dr.Musasthanna D.Saud
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Reference: Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyed
 
Str
Alcgrofun Allchaund Phemar  Alc-O 
6.4
Aasfoll 
E
 The 
cture of 
ohols are o p. R grouptional gro
2-Methtert-B
 
Ben
alcohols coacteristic oergoes certnols also ckedly formohols coulgroup.
Nomencl
aslso the cwed by th
thylalcohol
(1
o
)most versa1-
 
Choosi2-
 
Indicatassapos3-
 
Indicat
Alcohols :
ganic commay be pri p as well.
-2-propanoutyl alcohol
 
yl alcohol
ntain the hf this familin reactionntain hydr alcohols iclassifies
ature of 
mmon naword alco
 
tile systemg the longby a nasusible numbby numbe
 
ounds of tmary, secoor exampl
l
droxyl (-O
 
y. The diff s. It also mxyl group,their physs primary,
lcohols:
es are usehol. For ex
Isopro
(is, of cour st continu ber the poer of –OH.the positie generalndary, or te:
Eth
H) group,rence in thay affect th but it is attcal and chesecondary,for simplemple:
yl alcohol
o
)e, the IUPus carbonsition of thns of other 
 
lcohol
ormula R-rtiary; it m
 
2-propen-1-oAllyl alcohol-chloroethanlene chloroh
hich is thee R groupse kind of reached direcmical propor tertiaryalcoholsC. The rulhain that c–OH grogroups att
 
H, wherey be open
loldrin
 
functionalwill affectaction.tly to the aerties and tccording thich consis
Isobutyl al
(1
o
)es are:ontains the p in the pr ched to theis any alchain or cy
 
that deter he rate of omatic rin pe of reacthe kind ot of the na
cohol
 –OH grousent chain, parent chayl or substi
 
clic. It may
Cyclohe
 
1,2,3-propGlyce
ine the prohich the aland so, thions they uf carbon the of the al
tert-but
 .generallyin.tuted alkylcontain ot
anolnetriolol
ertiescoholy differ sondergo.at bears theyl group
l alcohol
(3
o
)sing the loer est
 
 
6.5
Str  It ccha proHyThr 
 
BecweiThehydtheSo,watInd 
Methanol2,2-dimethy
Physical
cturally, a ntains an aacteristic perties.roxyl grouough the hause of hyght (aldehysolubilityrogen bondalkyl groupincreasinger (aqueousstrial sour a- By hydr  b- By thec- By fer 
 -1-propanol
ropertie
alcohol is
R
-An allkane likehysical pro(-OH) isdroxyl grorogen bonde, ketonsf alcoholss with wate(the numbhe size of tsolubility)e of Alcohation of alxo processentation of 
-Propanol
s of Alco
a composit anelkyl group perties, anolar-it con p, an alcoing, alcohnd ethers).in water isr moleculer of carbohe alkyl gr .ols:enes obtaifrom alke
 
carbohydr 
 
ols:
e of an alka and water lthe alkyl gains hydrool is capabls have higalso due to. But the eatoms), i.up (non-ped from thes, carbonte.
1-bromo-2-methyl-1
ne and watH-
OH
Water ike hydroxroup depegen bondele of hydroher boilingthe polaritfect of the., the non-lar portioncrackingonoxide
2-propanol-butanol
er:l group. Tding uponto the higgen bondin points thanof the hyd –OH groupolar portio) is associaf petroleu
 
nd hydrog
 
R
-
O
An ale –OH gr ts size andly electrong:compounoxyl groudecreasesn of the alced with de n.
1,
H
 oholup gives thshape, moegative eles of similaand to theith increaohol molecrease the s
-Ethanediol
e alcohol itifies thisent oxygemolecular ability to f e the sizeule.olubility ins.rmf 
of 00

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