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DRAFT ETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF JODHPUR
PHALODI ROAD
Draft Detail Project
RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT
CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
ETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF JODHPUR OSIAN
PHALODI ROAD (SH 61)
Draft Detail Project Report
August 2010
CHAPTER 1................................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ...................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 TRAFFIC SURVEY AND ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 10
1.4 TRAFFIC FORECAST .................................................................................................................................... 10
1.5 ALIGNMENT AND ENGINEERING ............................................................................................................... 11
1.6 MATERIALS & SOURCES ............................................................................................................................ 12
1.7 PAVEMENT DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 12
1.8 BRIDGE AND STRUCTURES ......................................................................................................................... 13
1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................. 14
1.10 COST - ESTIMATES ..................................................................................................................................... 14
1.11 ECONOMIC EVALUATION AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY .............................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 2.............................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 SCOPE OF WORK ......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Establishment......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.2 Technical Approach ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 CONTENTS OF THE FEASIBILITY REPORT ................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................................................................. 20
3.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE ................................................................................................................. 20
3.1 INTRODUCTIONS......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2 GENERAL FEATURES .................................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 PROJECT CORRIDOR ................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4 DEMOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................ 21
3.4.1 Rajasthan ............................................................................................................................................. 21
3.4.2 Jodhpur District .................................................................................................................................. 22
3.4.3 Rural and Urban Population ............................................................................................................ 22
3.5 AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................................................ 23
3.6 LAND UTILISATION .................................................................................................................................... 23
3.7 TRANSPORT NETWORK .............................................................................................................................. 24
3.7.1 Air Transport ....................................................................................................................................... 24
3.7.2 Water Transport .................................................................................................................................. 25
3.7.3 Rail Transport ..................................................................................................................................... 25
3.7.4 Road Transport ................................................................................................................................... 25
3.7.5 Vehicle Population ............................................................................................................................. 25
3.8 STATE ECONOMY ....................................................................................................................................... 26
3.8.1 Growth State Domestic Product ...................................................................................................... 26
3.8.2 Per Capita Income Growth ............................................................................................................... 27
3.8.3 Growth Trend ...................................................................................................................................... 27
4.0 TRAFFIC SURVEY & ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 28
4.1 HISTORICAL DATA ..................................................................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 All India Statistics ................................................................................................................................. 28
4.1.2 Rajasthan Statistics ............................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.3 Project Road ........................................................................................................................................... 32
4.2 TRAFFIC SURVEYS ....................................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.2 Classified Traffic Volume Count............................................................................................................ 33
4.2.2.1 Traffic Composition ..................................................................................................................................52
4.2.2.2 Peak Hour Traffic ......................................................................................................................................53
4.2.2.3 Local Traffic ................................................................................................................................................53
4.2.2.4 Average Annual Daily Traffic .................................................................................................................53
4.2.2.5 Directional Split Traffic............................................................................................................................53
4.2.2.6 Homogenous Sections ...............................................................................................................................54
4.2.3 Origin & Destination Survey ................................................................................................................ 54
4.2.6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................55
4.2.6.2 Equivalent Standard Axle Load...............................................................................................................55
4.2.6.3 Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) .................................................................................................................55
4.2.7 Pedestrian Surveys ................................................................................................................................ 56
4.2.8 Speed / Delay Survey ............................................................................................................................. 56
4.2.10 Toll Rate Survey ............................................................................................................................... 57
4.2.11 Traffic Accident Study ...................................................................................................................... 57
4.3 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................... 58
4.3.1 Traffic Volume Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 58
4.3.1.1 Rural Traffic ................................................................................................................................................58
4.3.2 Origin & Destination Survey ................................................................................................................ 58
CHAPTER 5.............................................................................................................................................................. 65
TRAFFIC FORCAST ................................................................................................................................................. 65
5.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................... 65
5.2 ELASTICITY TRAFFIC DEMAND .................................................................................................................. 65
5.3 PAST TRAFFIC DATA .................................................................................................................................. 65
5.5 GROWTH RATE BASED ON ECONOMIC INDICATORS................................................................................. 65
5.6 TRAFFIC APPRAISAL ................................................................................................................................... 66
5.6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 66
5.6.2 India Past ............................................................................................................................................ 67
5.6.3 India Future ........................................................................................................................................ 86
5.6.4 Rajasthan Future ................................................................................................................................ 87
5.6.5 Elasticity of Traffic Demand .................................................................................................................. 88
5.6.6 Project Influence Area ........................................................................................................................... 88
5.6.7 Seasonal Variation ................................................................................................................................. 88
5.6.8 Traffic Growth Rates ............................................................................................................................. 88
5.6.9 Traffic Forecast ...................................................................................................................................... 89
5.7 GENERATED TRAFFIC ................................................................................................................................. 89
5.8 DIVERTED TRAFFIC..................................................................................................................................... 89
CHAPTER 6.............................................................................................................................................................. 90
ALIGNMENT & ENGINEERING .......................................................................................................................... 90
6.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 90
6.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 90
6.1.2 Location and Terrain Condition. ........................................................................................................... 90
6.1.3 Land use ................................................................................................................................................. 91
6.1.4 Geology .................................................................................................................................................. 92
6.1.5 Meteorological Data ............................................................................................................................... 92
6.1.6 Existing Alignment ............................................................................................................................... 92
6.1.6.1 Horizontal Alignment ...............................................................................................................................92
6.1.6.2 Vertical Alignment ....................................................................................................................................93
6.1.6.3 Road Width .................................................................................................................................................94
6.1.6.4 Pavement .....................................................................................................................................................94
6.1.7 Traffic .................................................................................................................................................... 94
6.1.7.1 Rural Sections .............................................................................................................................................94
6.2 ROAD INVENTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 94
6.3 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CADASTRAL SURVEY ............................................................................................ 96
6.3.1 Topographic Survey ............................................................................................................................... 96
6.3.1.1 Route Maps .................................................................................................................................................96
6.3.1.3 Total Station Traverse Control. ...............................................................................................................96
6.3.1.4 Height Control ............................................................................................................................................96
6.3.1.5 Map Compilation .......................................................................................................................................96
6.3.2 Cadastral Survey ................................................................................................................................... 96
6.3.2.1 Existing ROW .............................................................................................................................................97
6.3.2.2 Proposed ROW ...........................................................................................................................................97
6.3.2.3 Additional Land Requirement ................................................................................................................97
6.3.2.4 Cadastral Survey Documents and Computerisation ...........................................................................98
6.3.2.5 Cadastral Survey Documents...................................................................................................................98
6.3.2.6 Methodology ...............................................................................................................................................98
6.4 GEOMETRIC DESIGN ................................................................................................................................... 98
6.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 98
6.4.2 Design Standards.................................................................................................................................. 99
6.4.2.1 Design Speed ..............................................................................................................................................99
6.4.2.2 Sight Distances ...........................................................................................................................................99
6.4.2.3 Horizontal Curves ....................................................................................................................................100
6.4.2.4 Vertical Curves .........................................................................................................................................100
6.4.2.5 Gradients ...................................................................................................................................................100
6.4.2.6 Side Slopes ................................................................................................................................................101
6.4.2.7 Road Furniture .........................................................................................................................................101
6.4.2.7.1 Road Signs ...........................................................................................................................................101
6.4.2.7.2 Road Markings ....................................................................................................................................101
6.4.2.7.3 Road Delineators ................................................................................................................................101
6.4.2.7.4 Traffic Barriers ....................................................................................................................................101
6.4.3 Typical Cross Sections ......................................................................................................................... 102
6.5 ROAD ALIGNMENT .................................................................................................................................. 103
6.5.1 Widening of Existing Alignment ........................................................................................................ 103
6.5.2 Proposed Bypasses ............................................................................................................................... 103
6.5.2.1 Mathania Bypass .....................................................................................................................................103
6.5.2.2 Ummaid Nagar Bypas .............................................................................................................................104
6.5.2.3 Osian Realignment ..................................................................................................................................104
6.5.2.4 Sharp bend realignment .........................................................................................................................104
6.5.3 Interchanges and Intersections ............................................................................................................ 107
6.5.3.2 Intersections ..............................................................................................................................................107
6.5.3.4 Vehicular cum Pedestrian Underpass ..................................................................................................111
6.6 UTILITY RELOCATION .............................................................................................................................. 111
6.7 TOLL PLAZAS ........................................................................................................................................... 112
6.8 PARKING AREAS AND REST AREAS ......................................................................................................... 114
6.9 LAND ACQUISITION ................................................................................................................................. 115
6.10 LANDSCAPING .......................................................................................................................................... 115
6.11 SERVICE ROADS ........................................................................................................................................ 115
6.12 Bus Bays and Shelters: ..................................................................................................................... 116
CHAPTER 7............................................................................................................................................................ 118
7.1 MATERIAL INVESTIGATION ............................................................................................................ 118
7.1.1 Methodology Adopted .......................................................................................................................... 118
7.1.2 Scope of Work....................................................................................................................................... 118
7.1.3 Material Investigations ........................................................................................................................ 119
7.1.4 Subgrade Investigation ........................................................................................................................ 120
7.1.5 Borrow Area Soil.................................................................................................................................. 121
7.1.6 Material for GSB.................................................................................................................................. 121
7.1.7 Sand ..................................................................................................................................................... 122
7.1.8 Stone Aggregate ................................................................................................................................... 122
7.2 PAVEMENT DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 122
7.2.1 Traffic Loading ..................................................................................................................................... 123
7.2.2 Sub-Grade Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 129
7.2.2.1 New Formation & Bypass .......................................................................................................................130
7.2.2.2 Existing Pavement....................................................................................................................................130
7.2.3 Flexible Pavement Design.................................................................................................................... 133
7.3 PAVEMENT TESTING.......................................................................................................................... 133
7.3.1 Pavement Condition Survey ................................................................................................................ 133
CHAPTER 8............................................................................................................................................................ 141
BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES STUDIES ......................................................................................................... 141
8.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 141
8.2 TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS ............................................................................................................... 141
8.3 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 143
8.4 INVENTORY AND CONDITION SURVEY .................................................................................................... 143
8.4.1 Inventory Survey ................................................................................................................................. 143
8.4.2 Condition Survey ................................................................................................................................. 150
8.5 HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. ............................................................................ 152
8.5.1 Gundar River ..........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.5.2 Vellar River .............................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.5.3 Minor Bridges ...................................................................................................................................... 152
8.7 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION & SUB SOIL EXPLORATION .................................................. 155
8.7.1 Scope of Work....................................................................................................................................... 155
8.7.2 Methodology of Investigation .............................................................................................................. 155
8.7.2.1 Standard Penetration Test ......................................................................................................................155
8.7.2.2 Sampling ...................................................................................................................................................155
8.7.2.3 Ground Water Level ................................................................................................................................156
8.7.2.4 Laboratory Testing ...................................................................................................................................156
8.7.3 Proposed Design of Structure .............................................................................................................. 156
8.8 SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR CULVERTES ............................................................................... 156
CHAPTER 9............................................................................................................................................................ 158
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................ 158
9.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 158
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ................................................................................ 158
9.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................... 158
CHAPTER 10.......................................................................................................................................................... 160
COST ESTIMATES ................................................................................................................................................. 160
10.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 160
10.2 UNIT RATES .............................................................................................................................................. 160
10.2.1 Project Details ................................................................................................................................. 160
10.2.2 Unit Rates Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 161
10.2.2.1 Hard Broken Stone ..................................................................................................................................161
10.2.2.2 Sand ............................................................................................................................................................161
10.2.2.3 Gravel .........................................................................................................................................................162
10.2.2.4 Earth from Borrow areas .........................................................................................................................162
10.2.2.5 Cement, Steel, Bitumen and Pipes ........................................................................................................162
10.2.2.6 Labour ........................................................................................................................................................162
10.2.2.7 Hire Charges for Machineries................................................................................................................162
10.2.2.8 Unit Rates ..................................................................................................................................................162
10.3 UNIT COSTS .............................................................................................................................................. 162
10.3.1 Estimation of Quantities ................................................................................................................. 162
10.3.2 Cost Estimate for Road Works ........................................................................................................ 163
10.3.3 Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................................. 163
10.3.4 Slab Culverts ................................................................................................................................... 163
10.3.5 Pipe Culverts ................................................................................................................................... 163
10.3.6 R.O.B .............................................................................................................................................. 164
10.3.7 Pedestrian cum median vehicular underpass. ................................................................................. 164
10.4 LAND ACQUISITION COST ....................................................................................................................... 164
10.5 CONTINGENCIES AND SUPERVISION CHARGES. ...................................................................................... 164
10.6 CONSTRUCTION COST .............................................................................................................................. 164
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Page 7 of 166
CHAPTER 1
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Purpose of Study
Rajasthan State Road Development Construction Corporation (RSRDCC) has
commissioned M/s. Meridian Constructions, in a contract to carry out Consultancy
services for SH 61 Jodhpur - Osian - Phalodi Section in Rajasthan.
The Project consists of preparation of Detailed Project Report for Development of
Jodhpur - Osian Phalodi from Km 2.000 to 121.475 of SH 61 in Rajasthan which was
divided into 2 Parts :-
1. Osian Chainage 73.000 to Jodhpur (NH-65) Chainage 121.475
2. Phalodi (NH-15) Chainage 2.000 to Osian Chainage 73.00
The project commencing from the junction of NH-15 (Jaiselmer to Bikaner) with project
road (SH-61). The Project road Ends at the Intersection of NH-65 (Jodhpur to Nagaur)
with Project Road (SH-61)
The study is to be carried out under the following stages:
Stage 1: Inception Report
Stage 2: Draft Detail Project Report
Stage 3: Detailed Project Report
Inception Report, Stage 1, has already been submitted.
The present submission comprises the Stage 2, Draft Detail Project Report
1.2 Socio Economic Project
The project road passes through 3 towns, namely, Phalodi, Osian and Jodhpur in
Rajasthan.
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Phalodi, Osian and Jodhpur are the three main towns through which the corridor passes.
The project road passes only in Jodhpur District. Jodhpur district has an area of 22,56,405
Hectare.
The population details with % of rural and urban split for the 3 towns are furnished
hereunder in Table 1.1
Table 1.1
Population Details
S. No. Name of city Population as per
2001 Censes
Split
Rural Urban
Population % Population %
1 Phalodi 4.32 Lacs 3.87 89.58 0.45 10.42
2 Osian 3.53 Lacs 3.53 100.00 0.00 0.00
2 Jodhpur 10.70 Lacs 2.09 19.53 8.61 80.47
A Summary about the Jodhpur District :-
Total Geographical Area 2256405 Hectares
Total Irrigated Area 131752 Hectares
Total Un Irrigated Area 911166 Hectares
Pasture Land 125701 Hectares
Rural Population 1909423
Urban Population 977082
Literacy Rate 57.38%
General Rain Fall 318.7 mm
State Assembly Seats 10 (Jodhpur, Sardarpura, Sursagar, Phalodi,
Osian, Bilara, Bhopalgarh, Luni, Shergarh.
Lohawat)
Subdivisions 07 (Jodhpur, Pipar City, Phalodi, Osian, Luni,
Shergarh, Bhopalgarh)
Tehsils 07 (Jodhpur, Luni, Bilara, Bhopalgarh,
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
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Osia,Phalodi, Shergarh)
Uptehsils 04 (Bap, Jhanwar, Balesar, Tinwari)
Panchayat Samiti 10 (Luni, Mandore, Balesar, Shergarh, Osia,
Bhopal garh, Bilara, Phalodi, Bap, Bawari)
Gram Panchayat 339
Revenue Villages 1157
Municipal Corporation 01 (Jodhpur)
Municipal Board 03 (Phalodi, Bilara, Pipar city)
Land Records Circles 55
Major Hospitals 08
A Grade Veterinary Hospitals 07
Veterinary Dispensaries 00
Poly Clinic 01
Veterinary Hospitals 84
Veterinary Sub-Center 46
University 03
Colleges 12
Schools 6388
Post Offices 559
Superintendent of Police 02 ( Urban and Rural)
Police Stations 30
Jails & Sub jails 03
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1.3 Traffic Survey and Analysis
The collection of Traffic data are essential in any road project based on which decisions
are made. On this project various traffic surveys were carried out to provide as basis for
making highway engineering design decisions and also on the viability of the concept of
B.O.T.
The following traffic surveys were carried out:
1. Classified traffic volume count at 4 locations to establish the important base year
AADT.
2. Origin and Destination surveys to assess the travel pattern of passengers and
goods for prediction of traffic grow.
3. Axle load surveys to obtain equivalent standard axle loads.
4. Pedestrian surveys to decide pedestrian facilities
5. Intersection surveys to identify junction improvements by space or time
segregation.
6. Speed and delay studies to assess the areas of congestion and other bottlenecks.
Accident data on the project road were collected from the police records to highlight
those areas, where road safety is a major concern, and to assist the design of the highway
widening.
The data collected were analysed and used as a basis for forecasts which are used in
various sections of this report.
1.4 Traffic Forecast
The present traffic conditions are very heterogeneous along the project road with some
2510 motor vehicles in the stretch lying in Phalodi Osian and 3582 per day in the stretch
Osian Phalodi. Trucks contribute nearly 15.03% and 10.78% of the traffic volume and
PCU is 3376 & 4507 in 2 Streches Phalodi to Osian & Osian Jodhpur respectively. Most
of the traffic is local in Rajasthan state. The volume of traffic in Phalodi to Osian stretch
passes through Lohawat town. The volume of traffic in Osian to Jodhpur (NH-65) stretch
passes through Osian & Mathania town. Mathania town is very crowded and very
narrow and with crude geometrics in town which causes delays.
The data received from the PWD related to traffic census is not sufficient to work out the
growth of traffic in recent years. So the traffic forecast for each category of vehicle is not
calculated by consultant. As far as the traffic growth in this type of region is assumed to
be 5% growth. This is a fair assumption adopted by the consultant.
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Bottlenecks is such as weak flushed Causeway and narrow culverts and the presence of 5
Railway level crossing and passing through the geometrically poor and very heavily
congested town Mathania have to be removed soon in order to avoid massive congestion
with the resulting large increase in vehicle operating costs (VOCs) and personal time
costs. 2 Railway Crossings at Mathania & Manaklao have TVU more than 2.0 Lac, which
shows the congestion at the time of closer of Railway Crossing. The above mentioned
bottleneck, if removed would increase the economic cost benefit of the road, as there is
no other major economic factor planned as of now. Probably, if the road is improved as
planned though not in full but in phase this would facilitate to the growth of economic
activities in the districts concerned.
1.5 Alignment and Engineering
The existing road alignment is proposed to be retained except in a few places where
minor realignment which would enhance the overall geometric of the project road is
considered essential.
The widening of the existing road to a 2 lane carriageway with paved shoulder
configuration will normally be made through widening either on the left or on the right
side depending upon the site conditions.
The consultants have studied the project road for improvement and have felt the
necessity of forming by passes for the following major towns and heavily built-up area
and sharp hairpin bend i.e.
Mathania
Ummed Nagar
The major village along the road is Mathania, an Industrial centre. The Mathania village
has a 3.5 to 5.5m wide road which passes through the built-up area with poor geometrics,
for which the consultant propose to have a bypass outside the village area. There are 2
Railway crossings in between Manaklao & Mathania which have TVU more than 2.0 Lac.
The First option as taken by RSRDCC is to construct ROBs on these Level Crossings.
It is suggested to have by pass at Mathania village to end with Manaklao before Level
Crossing. It is almost a route of same length. It will reduce the time of construction of
project as the construction of ROB takes more than 2.0 years and it involves the railway
department also. On the other hand construction of new road takes less time and
acquisition of land is not a problem here. New Bypass will by pass to congested Level
crossings which ease out the traffic movement.
The entire stretch of the project road lying in Jodhpur district passes through Ummed
Nagar village which has a sharp hair pin bend and a intersection, which makes this area
an accidental prone area. Consultant proposes to have by pass this village. The bypass
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before Ummed Nagar reduces the travel length by approx. 1.10 km. This reduces the
travel time & accidents.
Another bottleneck is at Osian it has a 90 intersection at Osian Mata temple. The new
alignment reduces the travel length by 113m and bypasses the sharp bend / intersection.
Hence the consultant have suggested bypasses outside the municipal / village limits
which will ultimately provide free and uninterrupted flow for through traffic and relieve
congestion within the town / villages which will incidentally help the local traffic.
The intersections & junctions will be studied individually in order to ensure free flow
condition for the through and heavy fast traffic.
1.6 Materials & Sources
An investigation program was undertaken to identify suitable sources of all
constructions materials. It was ascertained that hard broken stones are available at the
following location as shown below which are already declared as government quarries.
Phalodi Quarry
Pokran Quarry
As, regards gravel, the identified sources are existing all along the project road, as seen
from the Quarry Map.
Samples were taken from all the these sources identified and subjected to a testing
programme to know about their physical and chemical properties Based on IRC
requirement, their suitability for adoption for the road improvement work were
examined from the results and actual inspection of these sources indicated that sufficient
quantity of material are available in these sources for use in the road improvement work.
1.7 Pavement Design
The TOR requires that pavement designs be prepared for the following:
Strengthening of the existing carriageway to 2 lane with paved shoulders.
New pavement for additional carriageway and for formation of bypasses.
Shoulder pavement
Based on an initial pavement condition survey an extensive testing program was
instigated to investigate the characteristics of the existing pavement and ground
condition for new carriageway and new alignments.
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The collection of the above required particulars for design of pavement, required for
various needs have been completed fully.
A summary of the pavement designs is shown in Table 1.2
Table 1.2
Pavement Design
GSB - 200 mm
WMM - 250 mm
DBM - 075 mm
BC - 040 mm
1.8 Bridge and Structures
In the project road there are no major river / streams only Flushed causeway with
Culverts & Minor Bridges are present.
Initially 2 ROBs are proposed at Mathania & Manaklao, which is having TVU more than
2.0 Lac. Instead of it a Mathania Bypass has been proposed to eliminate the ROBs.
At new alignment of Mathania Bypass 1 Minor Bridge at near manaklao has been
proposed by the consultant on existing nalah. 2 Culverts has also been proposed by the
consultant.
With regard to minor bridge, 5 nos. already exist and all Flushed Causeway had to be
converted to Flushed Causeway / Culvert. This also required to widened to 2 lane
carriage way.
The span for the minor bridge at near Manaklao across existing nalah taken 6*6m skew.
Regarding geo-technical investigation, the bore holes have been driven and type of soil
met with have been collected to find out its bearing capacity of soil and the N-values
have been ascertained. The investigation has been completed for all the minor bridges &
Culverts.
Detailed inventory and condition survey of the existing bridges provided valuable
information for the retention or reconstruction and also planning the new structures.
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1.9 Environmental and Social Impacts
The Environmental and Social Impacts screening report has already been prepared and
submitted
The Environmental report identified the potential major environmental issues that are
likely to be encountered in the course of executing the road improvement works,
established the need for an environmental screening. The report highlighted the need for
assembling relevant data, analysing them and subsequently making an environmental
assessment arising out of the analysis.
The need for a social impact study was highlighted and methodology for conducting
such a study explained.
As a first step a pilot study was commissioned. The data collected from the pilot study
was analysed with particular reference to those below the Poverty Line. These are the
most vulnerable sections, and hence the Social Screening Study thought it fit to focus
attention on this category. Special attention will be paid to the disadvantaged groups
Below the Poverty Line.
1.10 Cost - Estimates
To obtain the cost estimate for the project as a whole, it has been conveniently divided
into 3 Homogenous section based on travel pattern and pavement composition and
traffic loading factor as shown below
Section 1: Km. 73/000 - 121/500 (Excluding Bypasses)
Section 2: Bypasses at Mathania, Ummed Nagar & realignment at Osian
Section 3: Km. 2/0 73/0
The unit rates for each of the above segments were calculated based on the PWD NH BSR
of Jodhpur & Jaipur 2010. The rate analysis has been done for the items which are not
available in BSR. Rate analysis has been done by enquiry made at local market in respect
of quarry material and state schedule of rates was followed for labour rates and the
Standard Data Book of MoSRT&H for item wise data. The quantities and costs were
determined for 1km length for road work and detailed estimate for bypasses and unit
rate for 1m length of bridges structures were worked out. Provision has also been made
for reconstruction and or widening the existing bridges and one ROB, intersections, land
acquisition, social settlement and other road appurtenances and safety features.
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
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Cost has been adopted based on the flexible pavement design worked out for the 10, 15,
25 years, design life.
1.11 Economic Evaluation and Financial Viability
Private sector participation in the finances, construction, maintenance and operation of
highways under the concept of Build-Operate Transfer (BOT) is one of the methods; the
Government is seriously pursuing to assist in the modernisation of its highway network.
The primary reason for BOT options are being studied by the Government.
In view of the above policy, the present project was examined for its possible eligibility as
a potential BOT candidate.
To examine its potentiality, the Financial Analysis of the project was analysed under the
following.
Traffic evaluation by sectors
Investment Cost by section
Operating costs
Level of Toll Rates
Anticipated Revenues
Other Financial Parameters
Main Results
Conclusion
Only 85% of the net revenue calculated has been taken into account, allowing the balance
towards such vehicles not utilising the corridor fully such traffic using the other roads
avoiding paying of toll rates.
Only 70% for Trucks & 60% - 65% for Cars & Buses of the traffic has been taken into
account, allowing the balance towards such vehicles has monthly or 24 hour pass for the
route.
Due consideration has been given for possible inflation during the concession period and
interest to be paid by the concessionaire on the invested amount or borrowed money.
Cost towards annual maintenance to be carried out during the concession period was
included in the analyses.
The overall financial picture of the BOT is under finalisation and its viability examined as
a potential BOT (annuity) candidate.
Chapter 2 Introduction
Page 16 of 166
CHAPTER 2
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Purpose of Study
Rajasthan State Road Development Construction Corporation (RSRDCC) has
commissioned M/s. Meridian Constructions, in a contract to carry out Consultancy
services for part of SH - 61 Jodhpur - Osian - Phalodi Section in Rajasthan.
The Project consists of preparation of Detailed Project Report for Development of
Jodhpur - Osian - Phalodifrom Km 2/000 to 122/00 of SH 61 in state of Rajasthan, as
already stated in chapter 1 para 1.1.
The Commission date for the Project was proposed to be 1
st
January 2011.
2.2 Scope of Work
The Main objectives for the Consultancy Services are:
To prepare a Detailed Project Report for development of the existing State Highway to a
minimum of 2 lane highway with paved shoulder in the most economical manner, taking
into consideration the environmental and social aspects of the area.
To prepare bid documents including pre-qualification documents for tendering
purposes.
To prepare project report and economical analysis, suitable to meet the requirements of
state government national contracting agencies.
The scope of work for the Consultancy Services are divided as under:
Stage 1: Inception Report
Quality Assurance Plan
Stage 2: Draft Detail Project Report
Stage 3: Final Feasibility Report
Chapter 2 Introduction
Page 17 of 166
2.3 Methodology
2.3.1 Establishment
The consultant decided to establish a site office in the middle of the project road, in order
to facilitate the data collection and organize various investigations taking place along the
project road.
Accordingly a site office was located at Osian.
The following professional staff have been engaged and their expertise have been fully
utilized in data collection, investigation and drafting of this feasibility report.
A. Key personnel
Senior Highway Engineer cum Team Leader
Bridge Engineer
Traffic cum Safety Expert
Surveyor
Financial Analyst
Quantity Surveyor / Documentation Expert
Data collection was carried out with the supporting staff stationed at Osian, and other
surveys and investigations were carried out through the staff for specific items of survey
and investigation works.
All the test & Surveys has been done by the Meridian Constructions in house. The
consultant Meridian Constructions has its own laboratory which is ISO 9001:2008 and
has executed testing work for all the major government departments.
2.3.2 Technical Approach
Based on the objectives and scope of work for the consultancy, an appropriate
methodology was developed so as to address the other requirements, which includes
intermediate target, completion period, manning schedule and interaction with RSRDCC
and field inspection of RSRDCC officials. In accordance with the above, a programme of
schedule has been developed for adherence.
In accordance with the above and in order to complete the whole work, comprehensively
and accurately the whole work was decided into various tasks to be followed to ensure
quality assurance.
A list of tasks is furnished here under:
Chapter 2 Introduction
Page 18 of 166
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
Review of data and documents
Social Analysis & Social Impact Screening
Environmental Assessment Screening
o Traffic Surveys
Traffic Volume Count
Turning Movement Survey
o Engineering Surveys & Investigations
Reconnaissance and Alignment
Topographic Survey, LS & CS
Utility Surveys
Road Inventory Surveys
Pavement Composition & Road Condition Survey
Sub grade Characteristics
Inventory of Bridge Survey
Condition Survey of Culverts
Geotechnical Investigation of Bridges & Sub soil Exploration
Hydraulic & Hydrological Investigation.
Material Investigation
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
Social Evaluation and Rehabilitation
Environmental Evaluation & Impact Assessment
Traffic Demand Estimates
Pavement Study and Design
Strip Plans for road and Utilities
Toll Study
Land Acquisition
o Cost Estimates
Unit cost for road widening
Unit cost for strengthening
Unit cost for bridges
Unit cost for culverts
Rough cost estimate
Project Viability
Chapter 2 Introduction
Page 19 of 166
2.4 Contents of the Detailed Project Report
The Draft Feasibility Report is arranged in the following manner.
Volume I : Main Report
Volume II : Design Report
Volume III : Material Report
Volume IV : Environment Impact assessment Report
Volume V : Technical Specifications
Volume VI : Rate analysis
Volume VII : Cost Estimates
Volume VIII : Bill of Quantities
Volume IX : Drawings
Volume X : Civil work contract agreement
Volume XI : Project Clearances
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 20 of 166
CHAPTER 3
3.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE
3.1 Introductions
The main objective of the socio economic analysis is to provide an overview of the
socio economic status and the relative status of the project influence area within the
state. The socio economic profile of the project influence area of the corridor is
required to establish the likely growth prospects which will have a bearing on the
road improvements proposed. It gives the present scenario, past performance and the
perspective growth of economy, population and urbanization. It also provide an
overall view of spatial distribution of economic activities and provide inputs for
estimation of future growth in transport demand on the basis of perspective economic
growth rates and transport demand elastically. In the light of the above, certain
economic parameters are identified for an in-depth study for arriving at realistic
traffic growth rates.
3.2 General Features
The project road of 119 kms lying in the state of Rajasthan traverses through two
towns, namely Phalodi and Jodhpur. The lengths of the project road falling within the
various towns are given below:
Phalodi km. 2.000 km. 75.200
Jodhpur km. 75.200 km. 94.000
As such, the Project influence area falls within the state of Rajasthan, under the above
Jodhpur districts. The socio economic profile of the state of Rajasthan has therefore
been included in this report.
3.3 Project Corridor
The Project road branches off at km. 2/000 of SH-61 at NH-15 Junction.
The Projectr starts at km 2/0 of SH-61 and proceeds in a eastern direction via,
Lohawat, Osian, Mathania and ends at Junction of NH-65 with SH-61 (at Jodhpur).
The project road, for most of its length, runs west to east.
The primary land use along the corridor is Agricultural only and a little of Industrial,
near Lohawat & Mathania.
The entire portion of the project road lies in Jodhpur District. As such, the study is
confined to Jodhpur district only and is taken as the project influence area (PIA)
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 21 of 166
The total area of Rajasthan is 3,42,239 Sq.km it accounts for 4.11% of the area of India.
The Project Influence Area Jodhpur has an area of 22,850 Sq.km and accounts for
6.58% of the total area of the State.
3.4 Demography
3.4.1 Rajasthan
The total population of Rajasthan, as per 2001 census is 565.07 lacs. It constitutes
6.06% of Indias population and ranks 6th in the country. Its density is 165 persons per
Sq.km, compared to a nationwide density of 325 persons per Sq.km. The growth of
total population of the country and that of the state over a period of 10 years is shown
in Table 3.1 and 3.2 respectively.
Table 3.1
Population Growth in India
S. No. Details Population in Lacs
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 India 4392 5,481.6 6,833.3 8,335.3 10,290
2 Percentage
Growth for 10
Years
24.8 24.66 21.98 23.45
3 Annual Growth in
Percentage
2.48 2.47 2.2 2.35
Table 3.2
Population Growth in Rajasthan
S.
No.
Details Population in Lacs
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 Rajasthan 336.9 412 484.1 558.6 565.07
2 Percentage Growth for
10 Years
22.29 22.29 17.5 15.39 11.72
3 Annual Growth in
Percentage
2.23 1.75 1.54 1.81
4 Density in No. of
Persons per Sq.Km
121 126 135 429 165
The Registrar of India carried out population forecast for the period 1996-2016. The
adopted population growth for India and Rajasthan is given Table 3.3
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 22 of 166
Table 3.3
Adopted Growth of Population Rate
Period India Rajasthan
1991-2000 1.81% 1.17%
2001-2006 1.57% 0.80%
2006-2011 1.50% 0.65%
2011-2016 1.40% 0.50%
3.4.2 Jodhpur District
The total population detail of the above district is furnished below:
S. No. Details Population as per 2001
census
% of States
Population
1 Jodhpur 28.86 Lacs 5.10%
3.4.3 Rural and Urban Population
The rural population of Rajasthan as per 2001 census is 432.14 Lacs and the urban
population is 132.14 Lacs. Corresponding figures for Jodhpur district is shown in
Table 3.4
Table 3.4
Rural and Urban Population of Rajasthan and Jodhpur
S.
No.
Name of Place Rural Population Urban Population
1971 1981 1991 2001 1971 1981 1991 2001
1 Rajasthan in Lacs 287 324 368 432 125 160 191 132
2 Annual Growth in % 1.35 1.29 1.35 0.52 3.4 2.8 1.9 4.4
3 Jodhpur in Lacs 12.1 2.50
4 Annual Growth in %
The 2001 census figures for India indicate that rural population is more than urban
population. The rural and urban split scenario is depicted in Table 3.5 for the country,
state and PIA.
Table 3.5
Rural and Urban Population Split
S.
No.
India /
District
Area
Sq.Km
Total
Population
in Lacs
Rural
Population
in Lacs
Urban
Population
in Lacs
Percentage
(%)
Rural Urban
1 India 3,065,024 10,290
2 Rajasthan 130,058 624.1 349.3 274.8 55.97 44.03
3 Jodhpur 4,086 11.6 8.3 3.3 71.55 28.45
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 23 of 166
The above figures reveal that the annual growth rate of population in urban is faster
than rural. The density of population for the district is furnished below:
1 Jodhpur 165 persons per Sq.km
3.5 Agriculture
The growth pattern of agriculture is volatile mainly due to the natural vagaries
experienced by the sate such as draught and floods.
The area of crops grown in Rajasthan is given in Table 3.6
Table 3.6
Area of Crops Grown
S.
No
Crops Area Grown in Hectares
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1 Cereals 2,813 2,766 2,229 2,300 2,699
2 Pulses 688 686 563 537 590
Total Food Grains 3501 3452 2792 2837 3289
3 Oil seeds 699 663 502 592 616
4 Other Non-Food Crops 485 485 337 290 351
5 Total Non-Food Crops 1184 1148 831 882 967
3.6 Land Utilisation
The land utilization details for the state as well as districts concerned are furnished
below in Table 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9, respectively
Table 3.7
Land Utilisation in Rajasthan in Hectares
S. No. Category 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1 Forests 2,131,726 2,131,604 2,122,041 2,122,069
2 Barren &
uncultivable Lands
477,381 478,237 509,378 509,275
3 Land put to Non
Agricultural Use
1,998,296 2,012,025 2,113,353 2,124,564
4 Cultivable Waste 386,806 389,289 379,439 374,026
5 Permanent Pastures
& Other Grazing
Lands
118,463 118,313 113,474 113,563
6 Land under
Miscellaneous Use
271,363 277,596 282,380 290,072
7 Current Fallow
Lands
1,025,851 1,502,616 953,963 691,926
8 Other Fallow Lands 1,408,944 1,491,311 1,862,861 1,704,139
9 Net Area Sown 5,172,492 4,590,331 4,689,156 5,097,011
10 Total Geographical
Area by Village
Documents
12,991,322 12,991,322 13,026,645 13,026,645
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 24 of 166
11 Total Cropped Area 6,226,457 5,191,108 5,316,027 5,889,069
12 Area Sown More
Than once
1,053,965 600,777 626,871 792,058
Table 3.8
Land Utilisation in Jodhpur District in Hectares
S.No. Category 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
1 Forests 21,877 21,877 21,877 21,877
2 Barren & uncultivable
Lands
4,747 4,747 4,747 4,747
3 Land put to Non
Agricultural Use
115,541 115,581 117,157 117,367
4 Cultivable Waste 16,721 18,377 18,383 18,375
5 Permanent Pastures &
Other Grazing Lands
1,367 1,367 1,367 1,367
6 Land under
Miscellaneous Use
10,418 8,893 8,561 1,367
7 Current Fallow Lands 12,688 9,772 10,827 6,824
8 Other Fallow Lands 127,029 128,545 124,415 117,358
9 Net Area Sown 108,512 109,741 111,566 122,173
10 Total Geographical Area
by Village Documents
418,900 418,900 418,900 418,900
11 Total Cropped Area 108,787 109,741 111,566 122,173
12 Area Sown More Than
once
275 0
0 0
From the above it could be seen that about 39.12% of the area is net sown area in the
state, whereas the same for Jodhpur district is 34.04%.
3.7 Transport Network
Rajasthan has three modes of transport airways, rail and road. The rail and road
network are the only two major transport modes which serve the entire state.
3.7.1 Air Transport
Jaipur, the states capital, Jodhpur, Udaipur, are the only four places where air
transport facilities are available. Jaipur airport is an international airport, whereas
Jodhpur, Udaipur are domestic airports. From Jaipur airport, international air routes
are operated. Domestic airlines operate all the four airports. The project road will have
much impact due to the presence of the airports as Jodhpur airport is situated at the
beginning of the project road.
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 25 of 166
3.7.2 Water Transport
No water transport is available in Rajasthan.
3.7.3 Rail Transport
The rail network at present has Broad gauge. The existing broad gauge is having a
route from Jodhpur to Phalodi.
3.7.4 Road Transport
The state has a good and well connected road network. The total length of roads
under the control of State Highways and Rural Department is shown below:-
Table 3.10
Road in Kilometre
S. No Category 2001-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
1 NH 3,789 3,864 3,850 3,850 4,091 4,091 4,254
2 SH 4,192 7,136 7,163 7,222 7,230 7,207 6,849
3 MDR 10,051 7,136 7,163 7,376 7,383 7,383 7,569
4 ODR 40,814 40,853 40,963 41,156 41,191 41,209 41,002
5 S.C.Rd - - 1,366 1,563 1,635 1,635 1,747
Total 58,846 59,261 60,704 61,157 61,530 61,525 61,421
Out of the total road network of Rajasthan including Panchayat and Panchayat
Union, and Municipal and Forest roads 72% was surfaced.
The average road density for Rajasthan is 276km per lakh of population of 165. as
against all India average of 240km per lakh of population of 2001.
Likewise Rajasthan is having a road length of 132km per 100 Sq.km of area as against
all India figure of 140km per 100 Sq.km. It is seen therefore that the above figures
pertains to Rajasthan are lower than all India figure.
3.7.5 Vehicle Population
The No. of Motorised vehicles registered in Rajasthan as per 2004-05 is furnished in
Table 3.11
Table 3.11
Registered Vehicles in Rajasthan for 2004-05
S. No. Type of Vehicles No. of Vehicles
1 Car/Jeep/Van 68,302
2 Buses 28,054
3 Trucks 1,45,636
4 Tractors Trailer 1,23,568
5 3 Wheelers 33,264
6 2 Wheelers 61,06,057
7 Others 18,776
Total 71,88,260
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 26 of 166
Total of registered Motor Vehicles in Rajasthan for the year 2003-04 is 67,52,473.
The growth of vehicle population for the state is about 6.45%
The No. of vehicle population for the PIA that is for Jodhpur Districtsis shown in
Table 3.12 below.
Table 3.12
Registered Motor Vehicles in PIA for 2004-05
S.
No.
Town Car,
Jeep,
Van
Buses Trucks Tractor
Trailer
3
Wheeler
2
Wheeler
Auto
Rickshaw
Others Total
1 Phalodi 2,945 560 1,22 2,716 791 86,899 996 252 96,981
2 Jodhpur 4,45 639 2,448 1,56 913 74,899 1,111 104 85,725
Percentage of Tractor/Trailer, 3 Wheeler, 2n Wheeler = 92.25% for Phalodi District
Percentage of Tractor / Tailer, 3 Wheelers, 2 Wheelers =90.08% for Jodhpur District.
The remaining is made up of Car, Taxis, Jeeps, Auto, Van, Trucks and Lorries. Buses
account for 05% for Phalodi and 0.55% for Jodhpur Districts.
3.8 State Economy
3.8.1 Growth State Domestic Product
The Net State Domestic Product (NSDP State Income at Current Prices are given in
Table 3.13 below. It has increased from Rs.516.42 billion in current prices in 1993-94 to
Rs.1671.81 billion in 2004-05.
Table 3.13
NSDP of Rajasthan State at Current Prices
S.
No.
Sector
1993-
1994
1994-
1995
1995-
1996
1996-
1997
1997-
1998
1998-
1999
1999-
2000
2000-
2001
2001-
2002
2002-
2003
2003-
2004
2004-
2005
1
Primary 135.50 151.22 147.24 166.80 200.18 225.67 206.58 223.02 224.6 185.73 191.27 225.10
2
Secondary 166.09 201.90 236.72 250.73 268.09 297.40 337.72 369.33 330.16 377.70 385.37 425.39
3
Tertiary 214.83 259.63 313.23 373.63 458.60 534.21 587.22 667.35 713.89 808.43 913.41 1021.92
Total 516.42 612.75 697.19 791.16 926.87 1057.28 1127.52 1259.7 1268.65 1371.86 1490.05 1671.81
Per capita
Income
8,953 10,503 11,819 13,269 15,388 17,383 18,337 20,346 20,326 21,740 23,358 25,965
The NSDP at Constant Prices was Rs.516.42 billions in 1993-94 and it has increased to
Rs.901.37 billions in 2004-05. The same is furnished in Table 3.14 below
Chapter 3 Socio Economic Profile
Page 27 of 166
Table 3.14
NSDP of Rajasthan at Constant Price of 1993-94
Sl.
No
Sector 1993-
1994
1994-
1995
1995-
1996
1996-
1997
1997-
1998
1998-
1999
1999-
2000
2000-
2001
2001-
2002
2002-
2003
2003-
2004
2004-
2005
1 Primary 135.50 151.22 131.06 129.68 141.19 154.37 145.78 152.52 152.47 118.17 115.66
132.32
2 Secondary 166.09 189.63 208.61 207.16 211.19 205.79 229.21 248.04 215.65 238.79 228.28
239.22
3 Tertiary 214.83 238.57 258.92 296.31 325.83 344.88 371.85 403.95 411.06 444.17 483.25
529.83
Total 516.42 579.42 598.59 623.15 678.21 705.04 746.84 804.51 779.18 801.13 827.19
901.37
Per capita
Income
8,955 9,932 10,147 10,451 11,260 11,592 12,167 12,994 12,484 12,696 12,976 13,999
3.8.2 Per Capita Income Growth
The Per Capita Income at current prices was Rs.8,955 in 1993-94, which has increased
to Rs.18,337 in 1999-2000 and to Rs.25,965 in 2004-05. The corresponding annual
growth rate achieved was estimated at 8.08%.
The same at constant prices of 1993-94 was Rs.8,955 in 1993-94 and increased to
Rs.12,151 in 1999-2000 and Rs.13,999 in 2004-05. the corresponding annual growth rate
achieved was estimated at 3.01%.
In terms of contribution to the state income, the services sector contributes 61%
followed by secondary sector with 25% and primary sector with 13%. Perusal of
NSDP index at constant prices reveal Trade, Hotels and restaurants as major economic
activity followed by Manufacturing, Financing, Insurance and Real Estates,
Agriculture and Community services.
3.8.3 Growth Trend
The NSDP sector wise, both at constant and current prices for the period from 1993-94
to 2004-05 are furnished in the graph shown in Figure 3.1 & 3.2. It is seen there from
that the annual growth of the state has been fluctuating with little up and downs but
showing overall increase over a period of 10 years.
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 28 of 166
CHAPTER 4
4.0 TRAFFIC SURVEY & ANALYSIS
4.1 Historical Data
Historical data have been collected related to traffic growth and background data for
traffic growth.
4.1.1 All India Statistics
The total area of India is 32,91,080 Sq. Km.
The total population of India has grown from 1981 to 2001 as shown below in
Table 4.1
Table 4.1
Growth of Population
Year Population in Million Decennial Growth
1911 252.100 5.7%
1921 251.300 0.4%
1931 279.000 11.0%
1941 318.700 14.2%
1951 361.100 13.3%
1961 439.2 00 21.6%
1971 548.2 00 24.8%
1981 683.329 24.7%
1991 846.303 23.8%
2001 1028.700 21.35%
The total length of the road has grown as shown below in Table 4.2
Table 4.2
Length of Roads and NH
Year Length of Road (Km) Length of NH (Km)
1991 23,31,080 33,650
1997 24,85,877 34,849
2000 52,010
2001 43,00,000 57,737
2002 58,112
2003 58,112
2004 65,569
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 29 of 166
Vehicle registration particulars, both passenger and goods in the country are
furnished below in Table 4.3 for the years 1997 to 2002.
Table 4.3
Registration of Vehicles
Year All Vehicles Passenger Goods
1997 37,332,600 41,04,000
1998 41,367,600 45,14,000
1999 44,875,000 48,97,000
2000 48,857,000 53,19,000
2001 54,991,000 57,95,000
2002 58,863,000 61,00,000
The Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways has time and again pointed
out the increase in traffic accidents in the country. The number of accidents occurred
during 2000 is in the order of 81,000. The year wise details of accident occurred in all
India basis are furnished here under in Table 4.4
Table 4.4
Accidents Details
Years No. of Accidents Fatal Injured
1997 1998 3,69,000 79,000 3,86,000
1998 1999 4,14,000 81,000 4,18,000
1999 2000 4,49,000 85,000 4,53,000
Gross Domestic Product at current price and at 1993 1994 price for a period from
1990-91 to 2003-04 and the current growth rate in percentage are furnished in Table
4.5 shown below.
Table 4.5
Gross Domestic Product
Year At Current Price % At 1993- 94 Price %
1990-91 568,674 - 771,450 -
1995-96 1,188,012 21.75 995,450 5.81
1998-99 1,740,985 15.51 1,182,021 6.25
1999-2000 1,936,831 11.25 1,266,284 7.13
2000-01 2,089,499 7.88 1,316,201 3.94
2001-02 2,282,143 9.22 1,384,011 5.15
2002-03 2,469,564 8.21 1,447,595 4.59
2003-04 2,772,194 12.25 1,567,399 8.28
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 30 of 166
4.1.2 Rajasthan Statistics
The area of Rajasthan is Sq. Km
The Population of Rajasthan has grown as shown below in Table 4.6
Table 4.6
State Population
Year Population % Growth
1911 20.90 Millions 8.57%
1921 21.63 Millions 3.47%
1931 23.47 Millions 8.52%
1941 26.27 Millions 11.91%
1951 30.12 Millions 41.75%
1961 33.69 Millions 11.85%
1971 41.20 Millions 22.30%
1981 48.41 Millions 17.54%
1991 55.85 Millions 15.39%
2001 62.11 Millions 11.72%
It is seen there from that the total length of the straight roads remained static whereas
the volume of vehicles plying on these roads have shown upward growth.
The total length of National Highways in the state of Rajasthan has grown from 2002
Kms in 1999 to 4254 Km in 2006 as shown below in Table 4.8
Table 4.8
Length of NH
Years Length (Km)
1991 2002
1998 2587
1999 3788
2000 -
2001 3862
2002 3850
2003 3852
2004 4091
2005 4091
2006 4254
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 31 of 166
The registered vehicles has grown as shown below in Table 4.9
Table 4.9
Registered Motor Vehicle
Year No. of Vehicles
1997 31,81,819
1998 36,14,248
1999 40,70,734
2000 46,07,228
2001 51,62,082
2002 56,58,091
2003 62,09,037
2004 67,52,473
2005 74,03,744
2006 82,22,730
The statistics relating to accidents and fatalities occurred in the state during the period
from 2002 to 2006 are furnished below in Table 4.10
Table 4.10
Details of Accidents
Year
No of
Accidents
Fatal
Grievous
Injuries
Minor
Injuries
2002 53,503 9,939
2003 51,025 9,275 5,830 32,183
2004 52,505 9,507 5,163 31,600
2005 51,152 9,215 4,875 38,222
2006 55,145 11,009 4,992 32,841
The State Economic Indicatory NSDP and Per Capital Income for the period from
1993-94 to 2004-05 with percentage of growth are furnished Table 4.11 below.
Table 4.11
State Economic Indication
Year NSDP % Growth PCI (lacs) % Growth
1993-94 5,164,329 - 8.955 -
1994-95 5,794,317 12.20 9.932 10.91
1995-96 5,986,121 3.31 10.147 2.16
1996-97 6,231,570 4.10 10.451 3.00
1997-98 6,782,227 8.84 11.260 7.74
1998-99 7,050,517 3.96 11.592 2.95
1999-2000 7,468,504 5.93 12.167 4.96
2000-01 8,044,255 7.72 12.994 6.80
2001-02 7,791,952 3.15 12,484 3.92
2002-03 8,011,378 2.82 12.696 1.70
2003-04 8,271,993 3.25 12.976 2.21
2004-05 9,013,787 8.97 13.999 7.88
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 32 of 166
4.1.3 Project Road
The project road Jodhpur - Osian - Phalodi Section runs in the Jodhpur District.
The length of the project road lying in the District are shown below:
Jodhpur Km 2/0 to 122/0 : 119 Kms
The Vital statistics - area, population, length of roads / NH of this district is
furnished here under in Table 4.12
Table 4.12
Vital Statistics District wise
S.
No
Name of
District
Area in
Sq.Km
Population in Dicennial
Growth
since 1981
(%)
Length in
1991 2001
All
Roads
NH
1. Jodhpur 4,651 0.188 1.452 14.72 2,022 87
The traffic accident details occurred in the project road are given below in Table 4.13
Table 4.13
Accident Statistics
Year No. of
Accidents
Fatal Grevious
Injuries
Simple
Injuries
Property
Damage
2001 295 44 26 110 115
2004 142 32 10 187 11
2005 82 37 15 115 8
2006 Upto 09/06 50 28 10 61 1
4.2 Traffic Surveys
4.2.1 Introduction
Traffic on Phalodi - Jodhpur section of SH-61 is characterized by a variety of transport
modes ranging from pedestrian, bicycles and other non-motorised vehicles to
passenger cars, two and three wheelers, trucks and buses. Added to this there is a
high intensity of road side parking of vehicles in some location in front of industries.
Information about traffic is indispensable for any highway project since it would help
for design of pavement, fixing the number of traffic lanes, deign of intersection and
economic appraisal of the project. Traffic surveys are proposed to be carried out to
identify the present and likely future traffic problems to device the suitable remedial
measures and to evolve appropriate details therefore. These traffic surveys are
carried out with the following primary objectives.
To determine the characteristics of traffic movement on the project road.
To collect the historical growth in the project road
To assess the future growth rate during the future design life of the project.
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 33 of 166
To determine the travel pattern as well as types and weight of the commodities
carried out by trucks.
To determine the spectrum of actual loads and the vehicle damaging factor of
commercial vehicles.
To determine the turning movements of traffic at intersections
To identify traffic bottlenecks and the need for the bypasses to congested urban
areas.
To determine parking area and facility requirements.
In order to fulfil the above objectives, the following traffic surveys were carried out in
the project section.
Traffic volume count surveys at 4 locations for 7 days.
Origin & Destination surveys for 24 hours at 2 locations
Turning movement surveys for 24 hours at 2 locations
Accident data collection and analysis.
4.2.2 Classified Traffic Volume Count
Traffic volume count studies are the initial steps of any road project whether
improvements or new construction. These studies are the base for deciding the
components of the road way, such as width of road way, pavement layer composition
etc., Count of traffic is the basic study required in connection with many types of
Highway project. Knowledge of the vehicular traffic using a road network is
important for understanding the efficiency at which the system works at present.
The project road was divided into 4 sections. Traffic studies at mid blocks of these 4
sections are carried out at the following 4 different locations. The Count station
locations are shown in Annexure 4.01
L1: @Km 6/500 - After Phalodi
L2: @Km 39/900 - After Lohawat
L3: @Km 90/000 - After Osian
L4: @Km 119/500- After Mathania.
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 34 of 166
At each location, traffic was counted manually and continuously for 24 hours for 7
days. The number of vehicles passing through was recorded in every 15 minutes
intervals for 15 different categories of vehicles. The classified traffic volume count
was carried out from Morning 08:00 Hours to 08:00 Hours of next day, during the
period from 18/05/2010 to 25/05/2010.
The date wise details of traffic volume count, Average Hourly Variation of ADT
vehicle wise and Hourly Variation of total no of vehicle and PCUs, with daily traffic
variation category wise in the form of bar chart, hourly variation vehicle wise in the
form of graph and percentage share of traffic in the form of pie chart for each of 4
traffic count locations are furnished in Annexure 4.02 1 to 4.02 24
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 35 of 166
Annexure 4.02 01
Average Daily Traffic (Location : km 119.000)
Motorised Pasenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Slow moving
vechile
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Day
(24
Hour)
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 18 0.5 8 6
18.05.10 1469 53 835 543 178 183 3261 2982 298 228 98 18 69 36 747 1871 26 5 8 39 101 4047 4953
19.05.10 1290 30 636 590 89 152 2787 2491 364 214 130 13 95 24 840 2100 5 1 0 6 10.5 3633 4601
20.05.10 1493 70 662 775 79 156 3235 2840 349 244 111 24 89 22 839 2130 4 3 9 16 80 4090 5050
21.05.10 1306 56 716 670 81 151 2980 2670 413 250 149 40 72 20 944 2351 5 1 2 8 22.5 3932 5043
22.05.10 1395 47 852 556 83 168 3101 2781 336 248 123 26 59 18 810 2027 13 1 7 21 56.5 3932 4864
23.05.10 1749 199 747 633 147 162 3637 3160 311 216 116 23 51 28 745 1838 20 6 11 37 124 4419 5122
24.05.10 1478 40 645 582 73 224 3042 2788 436 231 132 24 86 27 936 2279 28 3 10 41 98 4019 5164
Total 10180 495 5093 4349 730 1196 22043 19710 2507 1631 859 168 521 175 5861 14594 101 20 47 168 493 28072 34796
ADT 1454 70.7 727.6 621.3 104 171 3149 2816 358 233 123 24 74.4 25 837.3 2085 14.4 2.86 6.71 24 70.4 4010 4971
ADT
PCU
727.1 70.7 727.6 621.3 156 513 537 699 368 108 335 37.5 7.21 22.9 40.3
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 36 of 166
Annexure 4.02- 02
Hourly Variation of Traffic
TIME
(Hourly)
Motorised Passenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
G
.
T
o
t
a
l
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor Total PCU Slow moving
vehicle
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 0.5 8 6
10.00 -
11.00AM
101 3 49 36 6 14 209 189.5 18 11 7 2 5 1 44 114 1 0 0 1 0.
5
25
4
304
11.00 -
12.00PM
155 4 58 43 6 17 283 242.5 20 11 6 1 4 1 43 105 1 0 0 1 0.
5
32
7
348
12.00 -
1.00PM
85 3 46 41 7 12 194 179 23 8 8 1 4 2 46 108 1 0 1 2 6.
5
24
2
293.5
1.00 -
2.00 PM
77 4 41 34 9 10 175 161 16 11 3 0 2 1 33 76.5 0 0 0 0 0 20
8
237.5
2.00 -
3.00 PM
57 6 39 32 8 8 150 141.5 16 10 6 2 2 1 37 91.5 1 1 0 2 8.
5
18
9
241.5
3.00 -
4.00 PM
61 7 39 34 10 16 167 173.5 18 9 5 1 5 2 40 99 1 0 0 1 0.
5
20
8
273
4.00 -
5.00 PM
71 8 37 38 9 13 176 171 14 10 6 2 4 2 38 99 1 0 0 1 0.
5
21
5
270.5
5.00 -
6.00 PM
83 9 37 35 10 14 188 179.5 21 12 4 2 4 2 45 109.5 3 0 1 4 7.
5
23
7
296.5
6.00 -
7.00 PM
108 3 52 47 10 9 229 198 18 12 5 2 4 3 44 109.5 2 0 0 2 1 27
5
308.5
7.00 -
8.00 PM
116 4 50 50 5 9 234 196.5 22 13 6 0 6 3 50 121.5 1 0 0 1 0.
5
28
5
318.5
8.00 - 92 2 47 32 5 5 183 149.5 22 11 6 0 3 2 44 100.5 0 0 0 0 0 22 250
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 37 of 166
9.00 PM 7
9.00 -
10.00PM
65 2 36 26 1 4 134 110 21 13 6 0 3 1 44 103.5 0 0 0 0 0 17
8
213.5
10.00 -
11.00PM
33 4 30 18 0 5 90 83.5 12 8 4 2 2 0 28 72 0 0 0 0 0 11
8
155.5
11.00 -
12.00PM
12 1 21 10 0 1 45 41 10 6 4 1 0 0 21 49.5 0 0 0 0 0 66 90.5
12.00 -
1.00 AM
4 0 11 9 0 0 24 22 8 6 4 1 0 0 19 46.5 0 0 0 0 0 43 68.5
1.00 -
2.00 AM
1 0 4 4 0 0 9 8.5 4 5 2 1 1 0 13 36 0 0 0 0 0 22 44.5
2.00 -
3.00 AM
2 1 5 5 0 3 16 21 12 6 4 1 1 0 24 57 0 0 0 0 0 40 78
3.00 -
4.00 AM
1 0 4 2 0 1 8 9.5 7 5 3 0 0 0 15 34.5 0 0 0 0 0 23 44
4.00 -
5.00 AM
7 0 4 3 0 1 15 13.5 7 7 4 0 1 0 19 48 0 0 0 0 0 34 61.5
5.00 -
6.00 AM
17 0 6 7 1 2 33 29 8 9 3 2 1 0 23 61.5 0 0 0 0 0 56 90.5
6.00 -
7.00 AM
42 2 23 16 2 2 87 71 9 10 5 1 4 1 30 82.5 1 0 0 1 0.
5
11
8
154
7.00 -
8.00 AM
69 1 27 27 4 5 133 110.5 16 11 7 1 4 0 39 100.5 1 0 0 1 0.
5
17
3
211.5
8.00 -
9.00 AM
99 2 30 36 6 8 181 150.5 17 14 8 0 4 2 45 112.5 1 0 0 1 0.
5
22
7
263.5
9.00 -
10.00AM
98 2 33 36 5 13 187 166.5 20 15 9 0 7 2 53 136.5 1 0 0 1 0.
5
24
1
303.5
ADT 145
6
68 729 621 104 172 315
0
2818 359 233 125 23 71 26 837 2075 16 1 2 19 28 40
06
4921
%age
Share
36.3
%
1.7
%
18.
2%
15.
5%
2.6
%
4.3
%
78.
6%
9.0
%
5.8
%
3.1
%
0.6
%
1.8% 0.6
%
20.9
%
0.4
%
0.0
%
0.0
%
0.5
%
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 38 of 166
Annexure 4.02-03
Location :Km 109.00
Annexure 4.02-04
Location :Km 109.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1
0
.
0
0
-
1
1
.
0
0
A
M
1
1
.
0
0
-
1
2
.
0
0
P
M
1
2
.
0
0
-
1
.
0
0
P
M
1
.
0
0
-
2
.
0
0
P
M
2
.
0
0
-
3
.
0
0
P
M
3
.
0
0
-
4
.
0
0
P
M
4
.
0
0
-
5
.
0
0
P
M
5
.
0
0
-
6
.
0
0
P
M
6
.
0
0
-
7
.
0
0
P
M
7
.
0
0
-
8
.
0
0
P
M
8
.
0
0
-
9
.
0
0
P
M
9
.
0
0
-
1
0
.
0
0
P
M
1
0
.
0
0
-
1
1
.
0
0
P
M
1
1
.
0
0
-
1
2
.
0
0
A
M
1
2
.
0
0
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1
.
0
0
A
M
1
.
0
0
-
2
.
0
0
A
M
2
.
0
0
-
3
.
0
0
A
M
3
.
0
0
-
4
.
0
0
A
M
4
.
0
0
-
5
.
0
0
A
M
5
.
0
0
-
6
.
0
0
A
M
6
.
0
0
-
7
.
0
0
A
M
7
.
0
0
-
8
.
0
0
A
M
8
.
0
0
-
9
.
0
0
A
M
9
.
0
0
-
1
0
.
0
0
A
M
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Average Hourly Variation
Total No.
PCUs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Daily Traffic Variation
Non Motorised
Motorised Goods Vehicle
Motorised Passenger Vehicle
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 39 of 166
Annexure 4.02- 05
Location :km 109.00
Annexure 4.02 06
Location :km 119.00
Two
36%
Three
2%
Car
18%
Jeep
15%
Mini
3%
Full
4%
LCV
9%
2-Axle
6%
3-Axle
3%
Multi Axle
1%
With Trailor
2%
Without Trailor
1%
Cycle
0%
Animals / Carts
0%
Others
0%
%age Share of traffic
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
Hourly Variation Vehiclewise
2 Wheeler
3 Wheeler
Car
Jeep
Mini Bus
Bus
LCV
2-Axle
3-Axle
Multi Axle
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 40 of 166
Annexure 4.02 07
Average Daily Traffic (Location : Km 109/500)
Motorised Pasenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Slow moving
vechile
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Day
(24
Hour)
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 18 0.5 8 6
18.05.10 196 15 185 131 20 33 580 558 156 72 66 24 24 3 345 868.5 11 0 0 11 5.5 936 1432
19.05.10 477 18 630 378 65 138 1706 1776 220 151 146 32 59 15 623 1653 7 0 0 7 3.5 2336 3433
20.05.10 652 12 532 401 56 151 1804 1808 256 162 130 45 23 41 657 1628 25 0 0 25 12.5 2486 3448
21.05.10 526 11 502 420 28 164 1651 1730 273 136 161 46 30 29 675 1686 20 0 0 20 10 2346 3426
22.05.10 657 7 563 504 23 174 1928 1959 247 108 128 27 22 12 544 1317 14 0 0 14 7 2486 3283
23.05.10 497 10 587 404 18 167 1683 1778 242 132 145 18 20 6 563 1374 10 2 0 12 21 2258 3173
24.05.10 569 0 565 496 3 173 1806 1869 270 134 137 44 36 22 643 1611 27 0 0 27 13.5 2476 3494
Total 3574 73 3564 2734 213 1000 11158 11478 1664 895 913 236 214 128 4050 10137 114 2 0 116 73 15324 21688
ADT 511 10 509 391 30 143 1594 1640 238 128 130 34 31 18 579 1448 16 0 0 17 10 2189 3098
ADT
PCU
255.3 10.4 509.1 390.6 45.6 429 356.6 384 391 152 138 27.4 8.14 2.29 0
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 41 of 166
Annexure 4.02 08
Hourly Variation of Traffic (Location: Km 109/500)
TIME
(Hourly)
Motorised Pasenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
G
.
T
o
t
a
l
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor Total PCU Slow moving
vechile
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 0.5 8 6
10.00 -
11.00AM
65 3 45 30 9 9 161 151 15 8 7 2 4 1 37 96 1 0 0 1 0.5 199 247.5
11.00 -
12.00PM
60 3 44 29 4 7 147 133 14 9 6 1 3 2 35 87 1 0 0 1 0.5 183 220.5
12.00 -
1.00PM
57 2 39 27 5 6 136 122 15 7 5 1 2 1 31 73.5 0 0 0 0 0 167 195.5
1.00 -
2.00 PM
50 2 27 21 8 6 114 105 13 10 4 1 1 3 32 75 0 0 0 0 0 146 180
2.00 -
3.00 PM
40 1 26 19 4 5 95 87 12 8 6 2 2 1 31 79.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 127 167
3.00 -
4.00 PM
35 1 22 19 5 9 91 94 12 9 6 1 2 1 31 78 1 0 0 1 0.5 123 172.5
4.00 -
5.00 PM
37 2 22 22 3 8 94 93 13 9 6 1 2 1 32 79.5 0 0 0 0 0 126 172.5
5.00 -
6.00 PM
44 1 18 17 5 7 92 86.5 13 10 4 2 2 1 32 81 2 0 1 3 7 127 174.5
6.00 -
7.00 PM
58 2 27 28 6 5 126 110 14 9 6 2 2 1 34 85.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 161 196
7.00 -
8.00 PM
68 2 22 27 3 4 126 101.
5
16 8 5 1 3 1 34 82.5 0 0 0 0 0 160 184
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 42 of 166
8.00 -
9.00 PM
59 1 26 20 3 2 111 87 16 7 5 1 2 1 32 75 0 0 0 0 0 143 162
9.00 -
10.00PM
40 1 22 17 0 3 83 69 17 7 3 1 2 1 31 70.5 0 0 0 0 0 114 139.5
10.00 -
11.00PM
31 1 25 18 0 4 79 71.5 11 6 5 2 2 0 26 67.5 0 0 0 0 0 105 139
11.00 -
12.00AM
23 0 28 13 0 3 67 61.5 14 5 5 1 1 1 27 61.5 0 0 0 0 0 94 123
12.00 -
1.00 AM
21 0 22 15 2 5 65 65.5 9 4 5 0 1 1 20 46.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 86 112.5
1.00 -
2.00 AM
22 0 19 16 2 4 63 61 8 5 2 1 1 1 18 43.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 82 105
2.00 -
3.00 AM
21 0 18 13 1 6 59 61 10 5 7 1 1 1 25 61.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 85 123
3.00 -
4.00 AM
23 0 19 18 2 3 65 60.5 6 5 5 0 0 1 17 40.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 83 101.5
4.00 -
5.00 AM
20 0 19 12 1 5 57 57.5 12 8 6 0 0 2 28 63 0 0 0 0 0 85 120.5
5.00 -
6.00 AM
20 0 15 16 3 6 60 63.5 10 8 9 1 2 2 32 82.5 0 0 0 0 0 92 146
6.00 -
7.00 AM
29 1 25 19 3 7 84 85 12 8 7 1 2 2 32 79.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 117 165
7.00 -
8.00 AM
42 0 30 25 3 11 111 113.
5
15 6 6 1 3 1 32 78 2 0 0 2 1 145 192.5
8.00 -
9.00 AM
58 0 32 29 5 12 136 133.
5
18 8 7 1 2 1 37 87 1 0 0 1 0.5 174 221
9.00 -
10.00AM
60 1 38 25 4 12 140 136 18 10 11 0 3 2 44 106.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 185 243
ADT 983 24 630 495 81 149 2362 2209 313 179 138 25 45 30 730 1781 16 0 1 17 14 3109 4004
%age
Share
31.
6%
0.8
%
20.3
%
15.9
%
2.6
%
4.8
%
76.0
%
10.
1%
5.8
%
4.4
%
0.8
%
1.4
%
1.0
%
23.5
%
0.5
%
0.0
%
0.0
%
0.5
%
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 43 of 166
Annexure 4.02 09
Average Hourly Variation at Km 109/500
Annexure 4.02 -10
Daily Traffic Variation at Km 109/500
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Average Hourly Variation
Total Nos.
PCUs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Daily Traffic Variation
Non Motorised Vehicle
Motorised Goods Vehicle
Motorised Pessenger Vehicle
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 44 of 166
Annexure 4.02 11
% Share of Traffic at Km. 109/500
Annexure 4.02 12
Hourly Variation Vehicle wise at km. 109/500
Two
32%
Three
1%
Car
20%
Jeep
16%
Mini
3%
Full
5%
LCV
10%
2-Axle
6%
3-Axle
4%
Multi Axle
1%
With Trailor
1%
Without Trailor
1%
Cycle
0%
Animals / Carts
0%
Others
0%
%age Share of traffic
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 45 of 166
Annexure 4.02 13
Average Daily Traffic at km 6/00
Motorised Pasenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Slow moving
vechile
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Day
(24
Hour)
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 18 0.5 8 6
18.05.10 1391 129 410 577 224 111 2842 2481 217 175 53 5 117 23 590 1593 45 15 1 61 149 3493 4222
19.05.10 1270 143 345 407 23 74 2262 1787 243 228 150 18 108 39 786 2124 34 7 2 43 85 3091 3996
20.05.10 1156 128 391 430 16 98 2219 1845 203 209 170 27 107 23 739 2079 24 4 2 30 56 2988 3980
21.05.10 1305 117 373 432 18 103 2348 1911 299 171 196 30 112 14 822 2210 14 4 1 19 45 3189 4165
22.05.10 1281 127 372 501 14 86 2381 1920 283 178 163 24 106 17 771 2058 34 0 6 40 53 3192 4031
23.05.10 1295 127 467 399 25 77 2390 1909 287 184 165 16 108 23 783 2070 43 17 4 64 182 3237 4161
24.05.10 1079 76 472 467 21 77 2192 1817 274 192 195 38 122 19 840 2321 19 7 6 32 102 3064 4239
Total 8777 847 2830 3213 341 626 16634 13668 1806 1337 1092 158 780 158 5331 14454 213 54 22 289 671 22254 28793
ADT 1254 121 404 459 49 89 2376 1953 258 191 156 23 111 23 762 2065 30 8 3 41 96 3179 4113
ADT
PCU
626.9 121 404.3 459 73.1 268 387 573 468 102 501 33.9 15.2 61.7 18.9
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 46 of 166
Annexure 4.02 - 14
Hourly Variation of Traffic at km. 6/00
TIME
(Hourly)
Motorised Passenger Vehicle Motorised Goods Vehicle Non Motorised
G
.
T
o
t
a
l
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Wheelers Bus
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
Truck Tractor Tot
al
PC
U
Slow moving
vechile
T
o
t
a
l
P
C
U
T
w
o
T
h
r
e
e
C
a
r
J
e
e
p
M
i
n
i
F
u
l
l
L
C
V
2
-
A
x
l
e
3
-
A
x
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
A
x
l
e
W
i
t
h
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
T
r
a
i
l
o
r
C
y
c
l
e
A
n
i
m
a
l
s
/
C
a
r
t
s
O
t
h
e
r
s
PCU 0.5 1 1 1 1.5 3 1.5 3 3 4.5 4.5 1.5 0.5 8 6
10.00 -
11.00AM
71 5 35 27 4 8 150 132.5 13 10 7 2 7 1 40 112.
5
2 1 0 3 9 193 254
11.00 -
12.00PM
86 8 40 28 4 8 174 149 12 10 7 0 5 1 35 93 4 1 0 5 10 214 252
12.00 -
1.00PM
83 7 39 32 5 8 174 151 16 11 7 2 5 1 42 111 3 1 0 4 9.5 220 271.5
1.00 -
2.00 PM
77 6 32 30 7 7 159 138 17 12 5 0 5 1 40 100.
5
2 0 0 2 1 201 239.5
2.00 -
3.00 PM
75 5 29 30 4 7 150 128.5 16 11 7 2 5 1 42 111 2 0 0 2 1 194 240.5
3.00 -
4.00 PM
75 5 30 32 5 10 157 142 14 12 7 1 5 2 41 108 1 0 0 1 0.5 199 250.5
4.00 -
5.00 PM
73 4 34 36 5 13 165 157 15 11 6 2 6 1 41 111 0 0 0 0 0 206 268
5.00 -
6.00 PM
70 4 28 28 7 10 147 135.5 17 10 5 1 6 2 41 105 2 0 1 3 7 191 247.5
6.00 -
7.00 PM
87 4 36 38 8 8 181 157.5 15 10 5 1 6 1 38 100.
5
1 0 0 1 0.5 220 258.5
7.00 - 104 6 32 40 6 7 195 160 19 11 6 0 6 2 44 109. 0 0 0 0 0 239 269.5
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 47 of 166
8.00 PM 5
8.00 -
9.00 PM
91 6 36 35 4 5 177 143.5 22 9 7 1 6 2 47 115.
5
1 0 0 1 0.5 225 259.5
9.00 -
10.00PM
91 5 33 31 1 5 166 131 22 8 5 0 6 2 43 102 1 0 0 1 0.5 210 233.5
10.00 -
11.00PM
71 8 28 25 1 3 136 107 13 7 4 2 5 1 32 85.5 0 0 0 0 0 168 192.5
11.00 -
12.00AM
50 4 21 18 1 0 94 69.5 11 7 6 1 2 1 28 70.5 0 0 0 0 0 122 140
12.00 -
1.00 AM
31 5 18 16 1 0 71 56 11 8 7 0 2 0 28 70.5 0 0 0 0 0 99 126.5
1.00 -
2.00 AM
10 1 9 8 1 0 29 24.5 6 6 3 0 1 0 16 40.5 0 0 0 0 0 45 65
2.00 -
3.00 AM
10 1 9 6 1 2 29 28.5 6 7 6 0 1 0 20 52.5 0 1 0 1 8 50 89
3.00 -
4.00 AM
6 0 5 4 0 0 15 12 5 6 5 0 0 0 16 40.5 0 0 0 0 0 31 52.5
4.00 -
5.00 AM
4 0 5 3 0 0 12 10 7 7 6 0 0 0 20 49.5 0 0 0 0 0 32 59.5
5.00 -
6.00 AM
10 0 5 6 2 1 24 22 7 8 4 1 1 0 21 55.5 0 0 0 0 0 45 77.5
6.00 -
7.00 AM
19 1 13 11 1 2 47 42 6 9 8 1 2 1 27 75 0 0 0 0 0 74 117
7.00 -
8.00 AM
32 0 18 15 2 4 71 64 11 7 6 1 3 0 28 73.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 100 138
8.00 -
9.00 AM
51 1 21 23 2 7 105 94.5 14 7 7 0 4 1 33 82.5 2 1 0 3 9 141 186
9.00 -
10.00AM
60 2 29 24 3 8 126 113.5 16 12 11 0 4 1 44 112.
5
0 0 0 0 0 170 226
ADT 133
7
88 585 546 75 123 2754 2369 311 216 147 18 93 22 807 2088 22 5 1 28 57 358
9
4514
%age
Share
37.3
%
2.5
%
16.3
%
15.2
%
2.1
%
3.4
%
76.7
%
8.7
%
6.0
%
4.1
%
0.5
%
2.6
%
0.6
%
22.
5%
0.6
%
0.1
%
0.0
%
0.8
%
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 48 of 166
Annexure 4.02 15
Average Hourly Variation at km 6/00
Annexure 4.02 16
Daily Traffic Variation at km 6/00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Average Hourly Variation
Total Nos.
PCUs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
/
P
C
U
s
Daily Traffic Variation
Non Motorised Vehicle
Motorised Goods Vehicle
Motorised Passenger Vehicle
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 49 of 166
Annexure 4.02 17
% Share of Traffic at km 6/00
Annexure 4.02 18
Hourly Variation Vehicle Wise at km 6/00
Two
37%
Three
2%
Car
16%
Jeep
15%
Mini
2%
Full
3%
LCV
9%
2-Axle
6%
3-Axle
4%
Multi Axle
1%
With Trailor
3%
Without
Trailor
1%
Cycle
1%
Animals / Carts
0%
Others
0%
%age Share of traffic
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
T
o
t
a
l
N
o
s
.
Hourly Variation Vehiclewise
2 Wheeler
3 Wheeler
Car
Jeep
Mini Bus
Bus
LCV
2-Axle
3-Axle
Multi Axle
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 50 of 166
The traffic data was collected in a prescribed standard format as per IRC:SP-2001:
Manual for Survey Investigation and Preparation of Road project (Second Revision),
IRC:09-1972: Traffic Census on Non Urban roads is also followed.
Data collected for various types is converted to a uniform unit i.e Passenger Car Unit
or PCU for the purpose of further analysis and composition IRC 64-1990 recommends
the following conversion factors to convert the number of vehicles in to PCU is
presented below in Table 4.14
Table 4.14
PCU Factor as per IRC
Vehicle Type PCU Factor
Two Wheeler 0.5
Three Wheeler 1.0
Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi 1.0
Standard Bus 3.0
Mini Bus 1.5
LCV 1.5
Two Axle Truck 3.0
Three Axle Truck 3.0
Multi Axle Vehicle 4.5
Tractor 1.5
Tractor Trailer 4.5
Cycle 0.5
Hand Cart 3.0
Bullock Cart 8.0
The traffic volume observed at the 3 location and summarized below, both in total
number of PCUs, and are given in the following Table 4.15
Table 4.15
Summary of Traffic Count
Count Station
No.
L1 L2 L3 L4
Location in Km 6/500 39/900 90/000 109/500
Date of Survey 18/05/2010 to 25/05/2010
MOTORISED TRAFFIC
Passenger
Vehicles
Nos. PCUs Nos. PCUs Nos. PCUs Nos. PCUs
Car/Jeep/Van 863 863 840 840 1,120 1120 1349 1349
2 Wheeler 1,254 627 519 260 519 260 1,454 727
3 Wheeler 121 91 10 8 10 8 71 53
Mini Bus 49 73 49 73 68 103 104 156
Standard Bus 89 268 88 265 150 450 171 513
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 51 of 166
Goods Vehicles
LCV 258 387 251 377 308 462 358 537
2 Axle 191 573 187 562 179 538 233 699
3 Axle 156 468 152 457 134 402 123 368
Multi Axle 23 102 22 101 26 115 25 113
Tractor 111 167 23 34 21 31 25 38
Tractor Trailor 23 102 110 494 51 231 74 335
Others 7 42 0 0 0 0 3 18
Total 3,145 3,763 2,252 3,470 2,587 3,720 3,991 4,906
NON-MOTORISED TRAFFIC
Cycle 30 73.5 16 73.5 0 73.5 7 73.5
Total All Traffic 3,175 3,836 2,268 3,544 2,587 3,793 3,998 4,980
The Average Daily Traffic varies from 3175 to 4980 PCUs.
Total Motorised vehicles varies from 3145 Nos. to 3991.
Count
Station No.
L1 L2 L3 L4
Location in
Km
6/500 39/900 90/000 109/500
Date of
Survey
18/05/2010 to 25/05/2010
TRAFFIC
S. No. Year PCUs Year PCUs Year PCUs Year PCUs
1
2010-2011 3836 2010-2011 3544 2010-2011 3793 2010-2011 4980
2 2011-2012 4028 2011-2012 3721 2011-2012 3983 2011-2012 5229
3
2012-2013 4229 2012-2013 3907 2012-2013 4182 2012-2013 5490
4 2013-2014 4441 2013-2014 4103 2013-2014 4391 2013-2014 5765
5
2014-2015 4663 2014-2015 4308 2014-2015 4611 2014-2015 6053
6 2015-2016 4896 2015-2016 4523 2015-2016 4841 2015-2016 6356
7
2016-2017 5141 2016-2017 4749 2016-2017 5083 2016-2017 6673
8 2017-2018 5398 2017-2018 4987 2017-2018 5337 2017-2018 7007
9
2018-2019 5668 2018-2019 5236 2018-2019 5604 2018-2019 7357
10 2019-2020 5951 2019-2020 5498 2019-2020 5885 2019-2020 7725
11
2020-2021 6249 2020-2021 5773 2020-2021 6179 2020-2021 8111
12 2021-2022 6561 2021-2022 6061 2021-2022 6488 2021-2022 8517
13
2022-2023 6889 2022-2023 6364 2022-2023 6812 2022-2023 8943
14 2023-2024 7234 2023-2024 6683 2023-2024 7153 2023-2024 9390
15
2024-2025 7595 2024-2025 7017 2024-2025 7510 2024-2025 9860
16 2025-2026 7975 2025-2026 7368 2025-2026 7886 2025-2026 10353
17
2026-2027 8374 2026-2027 7736 2026-2027 8280 2026-2027 10870
18 2027-2028 8793 2027-2028 8123 2027-2028 8694 2027-2028 11414
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 52 of 166
19
2028-2029 9232 2028-2029 8529 2028-2029 9129 2028-2029 11984
20 2029-2030 9694 2029-2030 8955 2029-2030 9585 2029-2030 12584
21
2030-2031 10179 2030-2031 9403 2030-2031 10065 2030-2031 13213
22 2031-2032 10687 2031-2032 9873 2031-2032 10568 2031-2032 13873
23
2032-2033 11222 2032-2033 10367 2032-2033 11096 2032-2033 14567
24 2033-2034 11783 2033-2034 10885 2033-2034 11651 2033-2034 15295
25
2034-2035 12372 2034-2035 11430 2034-2035 12233 2034-2035 16060
4.2.2.1 Traffic Composition
Traffic composition of vehicle by number in percentage at various count location are
given the Table 4.16 below.
Table 4.16
Percentage Composition
Count Station
No.
L1 L2 L3 L4
Location in Km 6/500 39/900 90/000 109/500
Date of Survey 18/05/2010 to 25/05/2010
MOTORISED TRAFFIC
Passenger
Vehicles
%age %age %age %age
Car/Jeep/Van 27.19 37.04 43.30 33.74
2 Wheeler 39.50 22.88 20.07 36.37
3 Wheeler 3.81 0.44 0.39 1.78
Mini Bus 1.53 2.15 2.65 2.61
Standard Bus 2.82 3.90 5.80 4.28
74.85 66.42 72.20 78.78
Goods Vehicles
LCV 8.13 11.08 11.90 8.96
2 Axle 6.02 8.26 6.94 5.83
3 Axle 4.91 6.72 5.19 3.07
Multi Axle 0.71 0.99 0.99 0.63
Tractor 3.51 1.00 0.81 0.63
Tractor Trailor 0.71 4.84 1.99 1.86
Others 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.08
Total 99.06 99.29 100.00 99.82
NON-MOTORISED TRAFFIC
Cycle 0.94 0.71 0.00 0.18
Total All Traffic 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 53 of 166
It is seen from the above table that motorized passenger vehicles is in the range of 66
to 79 percent and motorized goods vehicle is in the range of 34 to 21 percent at count
station.
Out of the motorized passenger vehicle two wheeler is in the range of 20 to 39 percent.
Out of the motorized goods vehicle, LCV, are in the range of 8 to 11 percent and 2 axle
trucks in the range of 5 to 8 percent and 3 axle trucks 3 to 7 percent and multi axle
vehicle are very negligible.
4.2.2.2 Peak Hour Traffic
The peak hour is 5 am to 6 am for locations L3 & L4 and it is 6 am to 7 am at locations
L1 & L2. The hourly traffic for different locations shows the peak hour values for each
locations. It is seen that the peak hour volume varies between 5.8% to 6.86% of ADT.
The highest peak hour flows recorded are shown in Table 4.17
Table 4.17
Peak Hour Flow
Locations
(Km)
Peak Hour
Volume
24 Hr Volume Peak Hour %
Nos. PCU Nos PCU Nos. PCU
6/500 239 271.5 3,589 4,514 6.66 6.01
39/900 238 270 3,556 4,480 6.69 6.03
90/00 199 247.5 3,109 4,004 6.40 6.18
109/500 327 348 4,006 4,921 8.16 7.07
4.2.2.3 Local Traffic
Traffic Volume in section 4 is more than in station 1, 2 and 3 due to the mathania
industrial area.
4.2.2.4 Average Annual Daily Traffic
The traffic counts for this project were carried out in the Month of June 2006. Seasonal
correction factor is assumed as 1.0, hence ADT recorded are also the same as AADT.
AADT is the same as ADT shown in Table 4.15
4.2.2.5 Directional Split Traffic
The directional traffic flow for the above 4 locations are furnished below in Table 4.18
Table 4.18
Directional Flow of Traffic
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 54 of 166
Location Up
Traffic
Down
Traffic
% Split
Up Down
6/500 1604 1575 50.47 49.53
39/900 1153 1115 50.83 49.17
90/00 1083 1520 41.61 58.39
109/500 2023 1989 50.43 49.57
It is seen there from, that the directional split is 49% to 51% except at Location 90/000
i.e. 41% to 51%.
4.2.2.6 Homogenous Sections
From the perusal of the traffic volume count at various count stations, the following
Homogenous Sections have been identified as.
Homogenous Section 1 : km 0/2 73/00 = 71.00
2 : km 73 103/00 = 29.00
3 : km 103/00 122/00 = 19.00
= 119.00
4.2.3 Origin & Destination Survey
The OD Survey is conducted to assess the information regarding travel characteristics
by different modes of vehicles within the project area. Knowledge of vehicular
volume using the existing road is important for understanding the future traffic flow
characteristic on the project road. The OD survey is useful to assess the traffic from
the existing and diverting away and diverting towards due to improvement of new
facility. The results of the OD survey are used to describe the user characteristic, for
the passenger and goods vehicles, such as distribution of local and through traffic,
type and weights of goods carried by trucks. The information will be useful in
describing the need for bypasses to heavily built up urban sections along the project
corridor.
The OD survey was conducted for passenger and commercial vehicles at the 4 volume
count locations L1, L2, L3 & L4 for 24 hours adopting the road side interview method
as detailed in IRC:102-1988. They covered both directions at each site and more than
20% of all vehicles were surveyed.
For study purposes, the entire country was divided into 15 zones in such-a-way that
the characterization of inter-zonal and intra-zonal trips could be clearly analysed on
the project section. Further for purposes of estimating the trips from and to in the
major towns of the corridor zone No. 1, 2, & 3 were assigned to Trichy, Phalodi and
Karaikudi Towns respectively. The OD zone map is furnished in Annexure 4.03 and
OD Matrix for the 4 OD survey matrix are furnished in
Chapter 4 Traffic Survey & Analysis
Page 55 of 166
4.2.6 Axle Load Characteristics
4.2.6.1 Introduction
Traffic loading on highway pavements is heterogeneous combination of different
types of vehicles, carrying a wide spectrum of wheel loads. It is very much essential to
convert this heterogeneous traffic to and equivalent homogenous traffic in terms of a
chosen standard vehicle. One means of achieving this objective is the use of
Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) factors. Axle load surveys of commercial
vehicles were carried out to establish Vehicle Damage Factor for use in pavement
design. Since, lighter vehicles have a very small equivalent standard axle load value
and less damaging effect, these vehicle types were excluded in the present axle load
survey. Axle load survey locations are shown in Annexure 4.08
4.2.6.2 Equivalent Standard Axle Load
Equivalent Standard Axle Load is defined as the damage per pass caused to a specific
pavement system by the vehicle in question to the damage per pass of an arbitrary
standard vehicle moving on the pavement system. Thus, the ESAL or Vehicle Damage
Factor (VDF) of a vehicle (j) relative to a standard vehicle s is given by.
Fj = dj/ds = Nfs / Nfj
Where, dj = damage per pass for vehicle j
ds = damage per pass for the standard vehicle s
Nfj = No. of repetitions of vehicle j to cause failure of a given pavement
system.
Nfs = No. of repetitions of standard vehicle to cause failure of the same
pavement system.
4.2.6.3 Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF)
The Vehicle Damage Factor is an important indexing factor for characterizing the
traffic loading for a road. The VDF can be computed from the axle load data by the
following formula, provided sufficiently large and fairly distributed sample of
vehicles are included in the axle load survey.
VDF = Total EAL / Number of vehicles weighed
Where,
Total EAL =
\
|
+ 1
100
1 365
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 124 of 166
=
100 / 00 . 5
1
100
00 . 5
1 365
26
xAxDxF
(
(
\
|
+
=
( )
xADF
05 . 0
1 05 . 0 1 365
26
+
=
( )
xADF
05 . 0
1 56 . 3 365
= xADF
x
05 . 0
75 . 0 4 . 934
= 14016 x A x D x F
The lane distribution for 2 lane carriageway a factor of 75% is adopted as per clause
3.3.5.1 of IRC 37-2001.
The growth factor of 5% is arrived at adopting the States & Districts Economic
Indicator. As this growth factor is seem to be low, an alternative method was adopted
for working out the growth rate based on Economic Growth of the country as a whole
Past future, and for the state, future.
The Vehicles Damage Factor has been arrived at for different class of vehicle based on
Axle Load Survey conducted. The VDF for various types of vehicles as per Table 4.28
of this report is adopted.
Adopting the above figures the cumulative number of standard axles are worked out
as follows
The cumulative total of commercial vehicles at the end of the design period, say 15
years, is worked out for each location based on the growth rates for medium scenario
and tabulated in Annexure 7.2-01 to 7.2-05.
Annexure 7.02- 01
Summary of Cumulative Million Standard Axles
Sl.
No
Location
Cumulative Standard
Axles
Design MSA
1 KM 6/500 34.98 x 10
6
35
2 KM 39/900 44.15 x 10
6
45
3 KM 90/000 62.16 x 10
6
65
4 KM 109/500 86.11 x 10
6
90
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 125 of 166
Annexure 7.2-02
Projected Traffic & MSA Calculation
At km 6/500
VDF 3.5 Distribution
factor
0.75 MSA Design
MSA
Year 2A
Truck
3A
Truck
LCV MAV Tractor Trailer
2010-2011 449 156 137 23 23 111 0.33 0.25
2011-2012 471 164 144 24 24 117 0.71 0.53
2012-2013 495 172 151 25 25 123 1.14 0.86
2013-2014 520 181 159 26 26 129 1.64 1.23
2014-2015 546 190 167 27 27 135 2.20 1.65
2015-2016 573 199 175 29 29 142 2.85 2.14
2016-2017 602 209 184 30 30 149 3.58 2.68
2017-2018 632 220 193 32 32 157 4.41 3.31
2018-2019 663 230 203 33 33 165 5.34 4.01
2019-2020 697 242 213 35 35 173 6.40 4.80
2020-2021 731 254 224 37 37 182 7.59 5.69
2021-2022 768 267 235 39 39 191 8.93 6.70
2022-2023 806 280 247 41 41 200 10.44 7.83
2023-2024 847 294 259 43 43 210 12.12 9.09
2024-2025 889 309 272 45 45 221 14.02 10.51
2025-2026 933 324 285 47 47 232 16.14 12.10
2026-2027 980 341 300 49 49 243 18.51 13.88
2027-2028 1029 358 315 52 52 255 21.15 15.87
2028-2029 1081 375 330 54 54 268 24.11 18.08
2029-2030 1135 394 347 57 57 282 27.41 20.56
2030-2031 1191 414 364 60 60 296 31.09 23.32
2031-2032 1251 435 382 63 63 310 35.19 26.40
2032-2033 1313 456 402 66 66 326 39.76 29.82
2033-2034 1379 479 422 69 69 342 44.85 33.63
2034-2035 1448 503 443 73 73 359 50.50 37.88
2035-2036 1520 528 465 76 76 377 56.79 42.59
2036-2037 1596 555 488 80 80 396 63.77 47.83
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 126 of 166
Annexure 7.2-03
Projected Traffic & MSA Calculation
At km 39/900
VDF 3.5 Distribution
factor
0.75 MSA Design
MSA
Year 2A
Truck
3A
Truck
LCV MAV Tractor Trailer
2010-2011 439 152 137 22 23 110 0.32 0.24
2011-2012 461 160 144 24 24 115 0.69 0.52
2012-2013 484 168 151 25 25 121 1.12 0.84
2013-2014 508 176 159 26 26 127 1.61 1.21
2014-2015 533 185 167 27 27 133 2.16 1.62
2015-2016 560 195 175 29 29 140 2.80 2.10
2016-2017 588 204 184 30 30 147 3.52 2.64
2017-2018 617 214 193 32 32 154 4.33 3.25
2018-2019 648 225 203 33 33 162 5.25 3.94
2019-2020 680 236 213 35 35 170 6.29 4.72
2020-2021 714 248 224 37 37 179 7.46 5.59
2021-2022 750 261 235 38 39 188 8.77 6.58
2022-2023 788 274 247 40 41 197 10.25 7.69
2023-2024 827 287 259 42 43 207 11.91 8.93
2024-2025 868 302 272 44 45 217 13.77 10.33
2025-2026 912 317 285 47 47 228 15.85 11.89
2026-2027 957 333 300 49 49 239 18.18 13.63
2027-2028 1005 349 315 51 52 251 20.78 15.59
2028-2029 1055 367 330 54 54 264 23.69 17.77
2029-2030 1108 385 347 57 57 277 26.93 20.20
2030-2031 1164 404 364 60 60 291 30.55 22.91
2031-2032 1222 425 382 62 63 306 34.57 25.93
2032-2033 1283 446 402 66 66 321 39.06 29.30
2033-2034 1347 468 422 69 69 337 44.05 33.04
2034-2035 1414 492 443 72 73 354 49.61 37.21
2035-2036 1485 516 465 76 76 372 55.79 41.84
2036-2037 1559 542 488 80 80 390 62.65 46.99
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 127 of 166
Annexure 7.2 04
Projected Traffic & MSA Calculation
At km 90/000
VDF 3.5 Distribution
factor
0.75 MSA Design
MSA
Year 2A
Truck
3A
Truck
LCV MAV Tractor Trailer
2010-2011 487 134 218 26 21 51 0.34 0.26
2011-2012 512 141 229 27 22 54 0.74 0.55
2012-2013 537 148 241 28 23 57 1.19 0.89
2013-2014 564 155 253 30 24 60 1.71 1.28
2014-2015 592 163 266 31 25 63 2.30 1.72
2015-2016 622 171 279 33 27 66 2.97 2.23
2016-2017 653 180 293 34 28 69 3.73 2.80
2017-2018 685 189 307 36 29 72 4.60 3.45
2018-2019 720 198 323 38 31 76 5.58 4.18
2019-2020 756 208 339 40 32 80 6.68 5.01
2020-2021 794 219 356 42 34 84 7.92 5.94
2021-2022 833 229 374 44 36 88 9.32 6.99
2022-2023 875 241 392 46 37 92 10.89 8.16
2023-2024 919 253 412 48 39 97 12.65 9.49
2024-2025 965 266 432 51 41 102 14.62 10.97
2025-2026 1013 279 454 53 43 107 16.83 12.62
2026-2027 1063 293 477 56 46 112 19.30 14.48
2027-2028 1117 307 501 59 48 118 22.07 16.55
2028-2029 1172 323 526 62 50 124 25.15 18.86
2029-2030 1231 339 552 65 53 130 28.59 21.45
2030-2031 1293 356 580 68 55 136 32.43 24.32
2031-2032 1357 374 609 71 58 143 36.71 27.53
2032-2033 1425 392 639 75 61 150 41.47 31.11
2033-2034 1496 412 671 79 64 158 46.78 35.08
2034-2035 1571 433 704 82 67 166 52.68 39.51
2035-2036 1650 454 740 87 71 174 59.23 44.42
2036-2037 1732 477 777 91 74 183 66.52 49.89
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 128 of 166
Annexure 7.2 05
Project Traffic & MSA Calculation
At km 109/500
VDF 3.5 Distribution
factor
0.75 MSA Design
MSA
Year 2A
Truck
3A
Truck
LCV MAV Tractor Trailer
2010-2011 591 123 275 25 25 74 0.41 0.30
2011-2012 621 129 289 26 26 78 0.88 0.66
2012-2013 652 135 304 28 28 82 1.41 1.06
2013-2014 684 142 319 29 29 86 2.03 1.52
2014-2015 719 149 335 30 30 90 2.73 2.05
2015-2016 754 157 352 32 32 95 3.53 2.65
2016-2017 792 164 369 34 34 100 4.44 3.33
2017-2018 832 173 388 35 35 105 5.46 4.10
2018-2019 873 181 407 37 37 110 6.62 4.97
2019-2020 917 190 427 39 39 115 7.93 5.95
2020-2021 963 200 449 41 41 121 9.41 7.06
2021-2022 1011 210 471 43 43 127 11.07 8.30
2022-2023 1062 220 495 45 45 134 12.93 9.70
2023-2024 1115 231 519 47 47 140 15.02 11.27
2024-2025 1170 243 545 49 49 147 17.37 13.03
2025-2026 1229 255 573 52 52 155 19.99 14.99
2026-2027 1290 268 601 55 55 162 22.93 17.20
2027-2028 1355 281 631 57 57 171 26.21 19.66
2028-2029 1423 295 663 60 60 179 29.88 22.41
2029-2030 1494 310 696 63 63 188 33.97 25.47
2030-2031 1568 326 731 66 66 197 38.53 28.89
2031-2032 1647 342 767 70 70 207 43.61 32.71
2032-2033 1729 359 806 73 73 218 49.27 36.95
2033-2034 1816 377 846 77 77 229 55.56 41.67
2034-2035 1906 396 888 81 81 240 62.57 46.93
2035-2036 2002 416 933 85 85 252 70.36 52.77
2036-2037 2102 436 979 89 89 265 79.02 59.26
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 129 of 166
7.2.2 Sub-Grade Characteristics
The results of the investigation conducted on sub-grade soils, for CBR values for their
characteristics are furnished in Annexure -7.3
Annexure 7.3
S. No. Chainage Liquid Limit Plasticity Index CBR
1 5000 22.37 - 9.12
2 10000 21.43 - 9.68
3 15000 21.74 - 9.87
4 20000 20.98 - 10.37
5 25000 22.01 - 9.94
6 30000 21.67 - 10.34
7 35000 20.47 - 10.37
8 40000 21.86 - 10.88
9 45000 22.37 - 9.12
10 50000 20.25 - 10.26
11 55000 22.14 - 10.21
12 60000 22.07 - 10.23
13 70000 21.09 - 11.02
14 80000 21.14 - 12.22
15 90000 21.37 - 9.81
16 100000 21.27 - 10.41
17 MB-1 22.07 - 11.31
18 MB-2 21.42 - 9.87
19 MB-3 21.32 - 9.81
20 120000 21.64 - 9.69
Phalodi - Jodhpur km 2/6 to 122/00 C.B.R Values of Soils along Road taken as 9.0
CBR.
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 130 of 166
7.2.2.1 New Formation & Bypass
As the CBRs noted is good, the soil lying on the route can be used as soil of
embankment. But take care for not to use blown sand in embankment construction.
The pavement for widening the existing carriageway has been designed based on the
assumed CBR of 9 for various homogenous sections identified earlier in para 4.2.2.6
The pavement for the new formation for the bypasses has been designed according to
the CBR values assumed for the sub-grade at various bypasses. The CBR assumed for
various Bypasses is 9.0.
7.2.2.2 Existing Pavement
The overlay for strengthening the existing pavement has been designed as per IRC
guide line furnished in IRC :81-1997.
The characteristic deflection has been assessed at various locations based on
Benkelman Beam Deflection Test conducted already. The results of the above test are
furnished separately in Annexure 7.4
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 131 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 132 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 133 of 166
The existing pavement composition noted at every kilometre is furnished in
Annexure 7.5
Annexure 7.5
Existing Pavement Composition (Layer Thickness in mm)
Table will be provided in final DPR
7.2.3 Flexible Pavement Design
a) New Formation & Bypasses
Flexible pavement design for new formation and widening of the existing pavement is
designed on the following:
1) 9 % CBR
2) 50 MSA
b) Overlay for Strengthening
Referring to IRC:81-1997, the overlay required for strengthening the existing
pavement has been designed by grouping the deflections noted at various locations
and average deflection is found 0.82 and according to it 50 DBM with 40 BC has been
provided in which DBM is also working for amber & Grade correction.
c) Diversion Road
Considering the lighter traffic to ply on the service roads a different pavement of lanes
density adopted as shown below.
Pavement Composition for Diversion road.
PMC with seal coat = 20mm
Water Bound Macadam = 150mm
Granular Sub Base of Sand Gravel Mix = 150mm
Subgrade & Embankment = 300- 500mm
7.3 PAVEMENT TESTING
7.3.1 Pavement Condition Survey
The objective of the pavement condition survey was to given an understanding of the
overall condition of the pavement through visual observation and field measurements
made at site. The survey was conducted during the period of June 2010.
The data collected for each kilometer comprised of five categories: road characteristic,
pavement condition, shoulder condition, embankment and drainage.
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 134 of 166
The above mentioned data pertaining to road were collected during reconnaissance
survey. They are furnished in 2 formats as Road Condition Survey and Road
Inventory.
The details of Road are furnished in Annexure 7.5
Test pits were put up at every 5 kilometer and the existing pavement composition
were noted. The details of existing pavement are furnished in Annexure 7.6
Pavement Surface Condition
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 135 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 136 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 137 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 138 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 139 of 166
Chapter 7 Material Investigation
Page 140 of 166
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 141 of 166
CHAPTER 8
BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES STUDIES
8.1 GENERAL
The terms of reference (TOR) gives clear directions as to the various tasks pertaining
to brides and culverts to be covered in the Feasibility Report.
There are a number of Flushed causeway Culverts and Nala crossing the project road.
The width of these crossings varies from 7.50m to 12.0m. All these crossing do have
bridge structure with RCC slab superstructure besides these bridge structure there are
a good may culverts of both pipe and slab culverts. Most of the pipe culverts are
having NP2 / NP4 type of pipes only. In respect of super structure, they are R.C.C
Slab.
Detailed Inventory and conditions survey of the existing structures were carried out.
They provided valuable information either for rehabilitation or planning new
structures. The details collected during inventory and condition survey of bridges
were recorded in the format BRIDGE INVENTORY AND CONDITION SURVEY as
prescribed in IRC: SP: 19-2001.
8.2 TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS
From the condition survey the existing structures were examined either for their
retention or require to be replaced with new structures. In cases of replacement with
new structures the new structures will be constructed one for carriageway of 12 lane
width.
Considering the future anticipated traffic, likely to be generated due to the
improvement proposed in this project and also due to the saving in distance involved
for the through traffic a decision has to be taken whether the new construction of
bridge have to be constructed for a 4 lane traffic. It is seen from other project being
finalized by RSRDCC, RSRDCC has considered the construction of bridge for 2 lane
traffic though the roadway is only for 2 lane traffic. In line with the above, tentative
cross sections are furnished hereunder for bridge for 2 lane width without footpath is
proposed and utilities can be hanged from outside.
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 142 of 166
Sl.
No.
Details 2 Lane Width 4 Lane Width
For Bridges
1 Shy-off distance on the median side 0.25 0.25
2 Carriageway width 10.50 7.50
3 Extra shoulder of 1.5 m width
corresponding to 1.5m width paved
shoulder
0.00 -
4 Shy-off distance on footpath side - 0.25
5 Crash Barrier between footpath and
carriageway
0.50 0.50
6 Footpath 0.00 1.20
7 Outer kerb for Hand rail - 0.55
8 Overall width for bridges 12.00 13.25
9 Overall width for the 2 bridges 22.00 19.50
10 Median opening with Crash Barrier
width of 0.50m
0.00 1.20
11 Total width for two carriageways 12.00 20.70
For Road way
1 Shy-off distance on the Median Side 0.00
2 Carriageway width 7.00
3 Paved Shoulder 1.50
4 Gravel Shoulder 1.00
5 Total width 12.00
6 Overall width for the 2 roadway 12.00
7 Median Width 0.00
Total width of full formation 12.00
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 143 of 166
8.3 Field Investigations
The field investigations, namely topographical surveys, hydraulic study, geological
investigations, inventory and condition surveys have all been carried out and they are
being studied for improvements on new construction, as the case may be.
Details of investigation and design of structure are show in Volume II. Design
Report for structures.
8.4 Inventory and Condition Survey
8.4.1 Inventory Survey
The detailed inventory of bridge, both major and minor, and culverts comprise of
relevant technical data and general features. In the project road there is no major
bridge.
There are 2 minor bridges. Their substructures are of R.R masonry. Super structures
are of R.C.C slab at km 103.420, 117.500. The clear roadway varies between 6.8m to
11.0m.
The foundation details of these minor bridges are not known as most these structures
are old. But the foundation and other structure seems to be sound.
Of the 2 nos. 1 bridge are to be widened as their formation is less than 12.0m. The
culverts & minor bridges can be retained which is in fair condition except some minor
repair work are needed. The bridge inventory survey details are furnished in the
format proscribed in IRC: SP: 19-2001. and furnished in Annexure -8.01.
Annexure -8.01.
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 144 of 166
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1 3/1 2500 15 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
2 3/2 2900 12 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
3 4/1 3050 15 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
4 4/2 3700 15 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
5 9/1 8350 20 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
6 31/1 30075 25 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
7 34/1 33400 20 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
8 37/1 36850 15 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
9 50/1 49200 35 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
10 54/1 53825 12 12 1 1.2
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Pipe
No 2 OK Nala 1.6 No
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 145 of 166
11 56/1 55525 11.1 12 1 2
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Slab
No 4 OK Nala 2 No
12 56/2 55800 30 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
13 58/1 57400 8 12 2 1.2
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Pipe
No 6 OK Nala 1.6 No
14 58/2 57625 5.1 7.5 2 1.5
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Slab
No 6 OK Nala 1.5 Yes
15 59/1 58050 8 12 2 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Pipe
No 68 OK Nala 1.6 No
16 59/1 58350 10 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
17 60/1 59900 30 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
18 60/2 59500 35 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
19 61/1 60700 12.2 12 3 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Pipe
No 69 OK Nala 1.75 No
20 65/1 65600 35 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
21 68/1 67600 28 7.5 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 15 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
22 80/1 79350 30 8 1 -
RR
Stone
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 70 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 146 of 166
Masonry
23 80/2 79800 30 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 70 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
24 80/1 79900 30 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 70 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
25 81/1 80010 45 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 50 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
26 81/2 80400 35 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 45 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
27 82/1 81150 50 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 70 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
27A 81/1 80200 50 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC FCW No 50 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
28 104/1 103420 12 7.5 4 3
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Slab
No 16 OK Nala 2.5 Yes
29 115/1 114900 25 8 1 -
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
FCW No 45 OK Nala 1 New Culvert
30 118/2 117500 12 7.5 2 4
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Slab
No 71 OK Nala 2.5 Yes
31 121/1 120000 37 9.4 15 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
RR Stone
Masonry
RCC
Pipe
No 69 OK Nala 1.75 New Culvert
31a 112/1 116600 8.5 8 5 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC
R.C.C
Pipe
No 4.5 OK
Atiya
Nala
2.5 New Culvert
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 147 of 166
32 118/1 117100 10.2 12 6 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC
R.C.C
Pipe
No 5.4 OK Nala 1.5 -
33 120/1 119375 3.4 8 2 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC
R.C.C
Pipe
No 1.8 OK Nala 1.5 New Culvert
34 122/1 121425 10.2 12 6 0.9
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC
R.C.C
Pipe
No 5.4 OK Nala 1.5 -
35 122/2 121700 1.7 9 1 0.6
RR
Stone
Masonry
PCC
R.C.C
Pipe
No 5.4 OK Nala 2.5 New Culvert
New Culverts has been proposed inplace of Flushed Causeway and replacement of few Pipe Culverts with new Minor bridges /
Culverts at Mathania By Pass.
New Culverts
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1 3/1 2500 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 1.25 12.00
2 3/2 2900 6 12 4 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 1.25 12.00
3 4/1 3050 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
4 4/2 3700 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 148 of 166
5 9/1 8350 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
6 31/1 30075 12 12 8 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
7 34/1 33400 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
8 37/1 36850 9 12 6 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
9 50/1 49200 15 12 10 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
10 53/1 52500 3 12 2 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 1.25 12.00
11 53/2 52600 3 12 2 1 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 1.25 12.00
12 79/1 78550 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
13 79/2 78725 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
14 79/3 78935 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
15 80/1 79175 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
16 80/2 79435 12 12 8 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
17 80/3 79725 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
18 81/1 80200 12 12 8 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
19 120/1 119650 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
20
Mathania
By Pass
40.4 12 6 6 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 3 12.00
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 149 of 166
21
Mathania
By Pass
20.6 12 3 6 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 3 12.00
22
Mathania
By Pass
20.6 12 3 6 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 3 12.00
23
Mathania
By Pass
20.6 12 3 6 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 3 12.00
24 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
25 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
26 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
27 12 12 8 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
28 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
29 12 12 8 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
30 15 12 10 1.5 - PCC
RCC
Box
Yes New Nala 2.5 12.00
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
Page 150 of 166
8.4.2 Condition Survey
Detailed Conditions Survey of the existing structures was carried out simultaneously
based on detailed inventory survey. Signs of degradation and deterioration of the
structures such as cracks, spalling, exposure of reinforcement, rust, stains, corrosion
deflection, if any condition of expansion joints, bearing, drainage system were noted.
In general parapet and wearing coat, were damaged in some places. Drainage spouts
were to be replaced little damages were noted in the revetment and other protective
work.
In respect of minor bridges, general condition of these bridges is in good conditions.
In view of the substructures being R.R masonry, No bridge is required to be
reconstructed. The Condition Survey details of minor bridges are furnished in
Annexure 8.01
The details collected during condition survey in respect of major bridge are shown in
the format prescribed in IRC: SP: 19-2001 in Annexure 8.02
There are 14 culverts comprising of pipe culverts, RCC slab culverts in the entire
project road.
The Inventory Details of culverts are furnished in Annexure 8.03
The number of structures existing are listed below according to length of the bridges
in Table-8.1 below.
Table 8.1
Number of Structures
S.No. Details Numbers
1 Bridges >60m 0
2 Bridges >6m <60m 20
3 Culverts : Pipe 6
R.C.C Slab 2
RCC Box 9
Brick Arch 0
Total 37
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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Pipe Culvert at Km 53/825
Slab Culvert at Km 55/525
Pipe Culvert at Km 57/400
Slab Culvert at Km 57/625
Pipe Culvert at Km 58/050
Pipe Culvert at Km 60/700
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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Pipe Culvert at Km 120/000
Pipe Culvert at Km 121/700
Pipe Culvert at Km 122/850
8.5 Hydraulic and Hydrological Investigations.
The terrain along SH-61 is fairly level sloping from west to east. There is only Local
drainage / Nalas are crossing the road.
8.5.3 Minor Bridges
There are about 4 minor bridges of Span varying from 3.0m to 6.0m has been
proposed. The sub structures for 4 nos. of minor bridges are of R.R masonry and
superstructure is of RCC Slab / Post tensioned slab has been proposed.
8.5.4 Culverts
All Flushed Causeway has been proposed to be demolish and replaced with RCC Box
culverts.
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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Annexure 8.03 A1
Details of Pipe / RCC Slab Culverts
Pipe Culvert at Km 53/825
Slab Culvert at Km 55/525
Pipe Culvert at Km 57/400
Slab Culvert at Km 57/625
Pipe Culvert at Km 58/050
Pipe Culvert at Km 60/700
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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Pipe Culvert at Km 120/000
Pipe Culvert at Km 121/700
Pipe Culvert at Km 122/850
8.6.2 Railway Level Crossing
There are as many as 5nos. of railway level crossing on this road project. The road and
railway kilometer of these level crossings are furnished hereunder.
Details of Railway Level Crossings
S.No. Level Crossing Remarks TVU / Proposal
Road Km LC No.
1 37/175 50 E-2 After Lohawat 36150 / No ROB
2 61/350 44 After Bhikamkor 30309 / No ROB
3 72/800 23/T-2 Before Osian 34285 / No ROB
4 103/500 18/E-2 At Mathania 242232 / By Pass
5 114/550 42/E-2 At manaklao 224904 / By Pass
Of the above 5 level crossings, 2 nos. are eliminated by proposing bypasses. Other LC
doesn t have much traffic as the TVU is less than 1.0 Lac.
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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The above railway line is the main line leading to Jaiselmer, Phalodi, Jodhpur. This
Railway track has only 1 Track of Broad Gauge and there no proposal to extend this in
near future.
8.7 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION & SUB SOIL EXPLORATION
8.7.1 Scope of Work
As per TOR, bore hole requirement for bridges are generally as under.
S.No. Description Location of Boring
1 Over all length = 6 to 30m One abutment location
2 Overall length = 30 to 60m One abutment location
One intermediate location
3 Overall length = >60m Each abutment
Each Pier Location
Requirement of bore hole for various minor and major bridges have been worked out
and geotechnical investigations for bridge have been commenced. Depth of bore holes
and termination of bore holes has been generally carried out as per standard practice.
In addition geological investigations have also been carried out for ROB location at
km.21/6 (existing chainage) and for proposed flyover locations.
The number of bore holes proposed for each bridge & flyover are furnished below.
8.7.2 Methodology of Investigation
All bore holes are of 100mm dia bore holes will be put up using heavy duty calyx rig.
8.7.2.1 Standard Penetration Test
S.P.T to determine penetration resistance will be carried out in the bore holes at 1.5m
intervals, using the prescribed procedure described in IS 2131-198. The Penetration
Resistance- N is the number of blows required to drive the samples for 30cm. beyond
the seating driver. Where it is not possible to drive the samples for full 45 cm the
number of blows for every 15cm penetration has been recorded. When refusal stage is
reached, number of blows for every 30.0cm. is noted under refusal condition, N
values are recorded as more then 50.
8.7.2.2 Sampling
Undisturbed soil samples will be collected at 1.5cm intervals in depth or change of
strata whichever occurs earlier, for laboratory testing.
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Disturbed soils samples shall be collected and enclosed in polythene bags. The work
will be carried out as per IS: 2132.
8.7.2.3 Ground Water Level
The stranding ground water level in the bore hole after stabilisation will be recorded
upto exploration depth during boring and withdrawing the casing pipe.
8.7.2.4 Laboratory Testing
Soil sample collected will be tested in the laboratory for conducting various tests as
listed below related to bore log details.
Natural Moisture Content, bulk & dry density
Sieve Hydrometer analysis & grain size curves
Liquid & Plastic limits
Specific gravity
Primary consolidation test
Direct shear test
Triaxial test
Fines swell index
Swelling Pressure
Shrinkage limits
Modified Procter compaction test
CBR test soaked & un-soaked
Chemical analysis of soil
Silt factor test
Base on the tests results, the bearing capacity shall be computed on the basis of shear
and settlement failure as per IS 6403 & IS 8209 (part-I)
Geo Technical Investigations have been proposed for all the Bridges proposed.
8.7.3 Proposed Design of Structure
Based on the hydraulics and sub soil characteristics the foundation level will be fixed
and the required linear waterway will be calculated both by area reality method and
catchment area and the discharge flowing through the waterway. While fixing the
linear waterway the LWW of the existing bridges.
Will also be taken inter consideration. The road level will be fixed in accordance with
the longitudinal profile of the main highway as well as the minimum flood level.
8.8 SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR CULVERTES
For slab culverts trial pit will be put up at every culvert location to a depth of 2m to
3m and the soil met with will be noted and clarified according to its characteristics.
The depth of foundation will be decided in accordance with the approximate bearing
Chapter 8 Bridges and Structures Studies
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capacity of the type of soil met with corresponding to the pressure developed at the
location of the foundation of the structure.
Standard cross-section as per IRC S.P 13-2001 will be adopted for various culverts
according to the span & vent height.
For pipe culverts 1.2m dia internal NP4 type of pipes will be used.
All culverts, slab and pipe, will be constructed to the full formation width with
opening left at the centre for the median portion at slab level. The abutments for the
slab culverts will be constructed for the full length of the roadway.
Chapter-9 Environmental and Social Impacts
Page 158 of 166
CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
9.1 GENERAL
The environmental and social servicing reports have been prepared after as extensive
survey of the project road by the environment course resettlement expert along with
social survey sub consultant.
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
The environmental screening report is under compilation.
The report identified the potential major environmental issues that are likely to be
encountered in the course of executing the road improvement works and established
the need for as environmental screening. The report highlighted the need for
assembling relevant data, analysing there and subsequently making as environmental
assessment based on the analysis.
The report listed applicable statutes, policies and responsible agencies that would be
involved with the project at different stages. The procedures for obtaining
environmental clearance were also explained.
The scope of screening, which would cover topography, soils, rainfall, water resources
air and water quality, nose, roadside trees, area of ecological significant the possible
bypass locations was set out. In addition the need for consultations with local
communities was emphasised.
9.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
The social impact screening report is under compilation.
The need for a social impact study was highlighted & the methodology for conducting
such a study explained.
A pilot study was carried out. On the basis of the study, a sample survey of house
holder was carried out. The data so gathered was analysed with particular reference
to thou below poverty line. They are most vulnerable sections, and hence the social
screening study was thought to focus attention on this category. Special attention will
be paid to the disadvantaged groups below poverty line.
The RAP will deal with the following aspects.
Identification of adverse social impacts
L.A. and payment of compensation costs
Resettlement policy and entitlements
Chapter-9 Environmental and Social Impacts
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Resettlement actions
Implementation plan
Monitoring schedule and institutionalise arrangement.
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
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CHAPTER 10
COST ESTIMATES
10.1 GENERAL
The cost of a major road project involves computing the cost of:
1. Road components such as earthwork for embankment, sub-base, base courses
and bituminous surface courses for flexible payment or designed mix concrete
for rigid pavements.
2. Bridge components such as culverts, minor and medium bridges, major bridges
and ROBs
3. Traffic components: such as interchanges, intersections, grade separators.
4. Land acquisition, including compensation to be given for acquisition of
structures.
5. Wayside amenities such as rest areas and Bus stops.
6. Road appurtenances such as km stones, pavement marking and sign boards.
7. Social settlement cost such s rehabilitation and resettlement and environmental
mitigation.
8. Miscellaneous items such as arboriculture and landscaping, communication,
office and residential accommodation for supervisory staff and engineers
including vehicles, removal of utilities etc,
9. Finally, provision for contingencies, and quality control.
For Draft report, the cost of the project has been arrived at after weighing the cost of
all the above components based on preliminary design, unit rates and unit costs.
10.2 Unit Rates
10.2.1 Project Details
The proposed project is having the following configuration
2 Lane carriageway 2x3.5 = 7.00
Paved shoulder on the outer side = 1.50
Gravel shoulder on the outer side = 1.00
------
12.00
------
Side slope 2 H / V
Assumed embankment = 0.300
Subgrade = 0.000
Pavement composition GSB = 0.200
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
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WMM = 0.250
DBM = 0.050
BC = 0.040
--------
0.790
--------
Bottom width of road embankment = 4x0.3 + 12.000
= 1.2 + 12.00
= 13.20m
There is no major need of service road / temporary bypass for construction. But for a
small stretch of approx. 5.0 km of 3.5m wide road and at re construction / widening
of Culvert & Minor Bridges needs service road during construction. The scheme and
methodology is shown in road composition.
After a thorough study of the project road, with reference to the improvements
required, location of minor bridges, Flushed Causeway, homogeneity of section and a
through preliminary investigation, various road segments as shown above have been
arrived at for working out common rates for the individual segments / packages as
shown below in Table 10.1
Table 10.1
Individual Segments / Packages
S. No. Road Segment Reach Reach Name
1 I Km. 2/00 73/00 Phalodi - Osian
2 II Km. 73/00 122/00 Osian - Jodhpur
10.2.2 Unit Rates Analysis
Data regarding the general construction materials such as hard broken stone, sand
and gravel have been collected after preliminary investigation, local enquires and
reference to state schedule of rates and quarry charts.
10.2.2.1 Hard Broken Stone
The following seven quarries have been identified based on preliminary investigation
Pokran quarry.
Phalodi Quarry
The leads worked out for the location of CMP. Local enquiries are made at these
quarries & the local rate providing were adopted as per TOR guidelines.
10.2.2.2 Sand
Sand from Manaklao, Loria River and best is Pipar Road.
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10.2.2.3 Gravel
Gravel is available throughout the length of the project road and weighted averages
for each road segment have been worked out.
Gravel can be received from the quarry at Phalodi, Roopa Ka beda.
10.2.2.4 Earth from Borrow areas
Earth has been proposed to be taken from the nearby road carriageway. The soil lied
in the formation width is suitable for the construction of Embankment. So, lead is not
more than 500m. in this case.
10.2.2.5 Cement, Steel, Bitumen and Pipes
Market rates for bulk quantities from various large marketing companies and public
sector firms such as Ambuja, Laxmi, SAIL and Indian Oil Corporation from have been
obtained and used in the rate analysing. NP 4 class Heavy Duty Pipes are proposed to
be used.
10.2.2.6 Labour
Labour rates for all skilled and unskilled labour required for the work have collected
from the local enquiries.
10.2.2.7 Hire Charges for Machineries
The hire charges for the various equipments and Machineries such as Hot mix plants,
Paver with censors, batching plant, vibrator roller, tipper JCB have been based on the
state BSR 2010.
A list of hire charges for equipment of machineries have been annexed in the Rate
Analysis Booklet.
10.2.2.8 Unit Rates
Unit rate for various road and CD Works items have been worked out as per the
MOST standard data book, duly growing allowance for overhead charges and
construction project as per MOST standard data book.
10.3 Unit Costs
10.3.1 Estimation of Quantities
Typical Cross section for
2 Lane with paved shoulder.
Four lane undivided widening in built up area of Osian (CC Road).
Two lane Paved shoulder with Bypass.
Pavement composition has been designed after preliminary investigation. The soil at
the road corridor is good for sub grade as its have CBR greater than 9. So, there is
need to construct new sub grade in embankment formation. The sub base layers have
been taken to the full width of the embankment to facilitate drainage and give
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
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strength and support to the carriageway. Base on the above cross sections quantities
have been worked out for 1 km length of work for the above 3 clarification of road for
all pavement items.
10.3.2 Cost Estimate for Road Works
Cost per km for the above 3 clarified road have been worked out based on the
quantities worked out wide para 10.3.1 and rates worked out as per para 10.3.2.
The cost of road works for the above 3 classification of road work has been computed
by multiplying cost per km of road with respective lengths of 2 lane widening for
widening and formation of bypasses.
10.3.3 Cost Estimate
There are 23 flushed causeway, 10 Pipe Culverts & 2 minor bridge in the existing SH
stretch. All Flushed causeway converted into RCC Box Culverts and few pipe culverts
which having formation width less than 12.0m, converted in to RCC box culvert. At
new by pass, Mathania to Manaklao 1, 6*6.0 m. & 2, 3*6.0m RCC Slab culvert has been
proposed. All the foundations of the CD Works & Bridges is open foundation.
10.3.4 Slab Culverts
In the existing 1.5 to 2 lane road, there are 2 slab culverts and 2 RCC slab minor
bridges. All the culverts & minor bridges are with RCC slab & Stone Pier &
Foundation. The Condition of Culverts is good they only need minor maintenance
like parapet construction, plastering etc. The slab culverts are having spans varying
from 1.0m to 4.0m. 1 Minor bridge is having formation width less than 12.0m. It
needs to be widened to 12.0m.
Rationalising cost of widening of culvert has been cost of slab culverts.
10.3.5 Pipe Culverts
In the project road, there are 10 nos. of pipe culverts. Of these some of the pipe
culverts are having only NP 2 pipe and of inadequate diameter. These culverts have to
be reconstructed with NP4 type hume pipes. Such of these pipes culverts where there
are already NP4 type pipes, will require to be extended to suit the 2 lane carriageway.
It is proposed to reconstruct all the pipe culverts to RCC Box culvert which having
formation width less than 12.0m.
In addition it is propose to construct required no of culverts in the bypasses.
In the bypass stretches Mathania to Manaklao 4 new minor bridges have to be
constructed.
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
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10.3.6 R.O.B
There is no number ROB proposed in the route. All the level crossing (total No. 5)
except at Mathnia & Manaklao has TVU more than 1.0 lac. LC at manaklao &
Mathania has been by passed with proposed new bypass at Mathania to Manaklao.
10.3.7 Pedestrian cum median vehicular underpass.
There is no pedestrian vehicular underpass is proposed. There is no pedestrian traffic
all along the road is present except at mathania & Osian. Mathnia has been by passed
and for safety of pedestrian traffic 4 lane undivided CC road with paved pedestrian
footpath has been proposed. Schools are present on nearside of the road but cross
traffic is very less as the present PCU is also near about 5000 PCU. So, not much traffic
crosses, this may require may be after 15 years. No future provision taken in this
consideration.
10.4 Land Acquisition Cost
An average ROW width of 30m in road area and 45.0m is from bypass is required for
forming 2 lane with paved shoulders undivided carriageways, considering the
available ROW width acquisition of extra land required has been assessed and based
on local enquiry made, necessary lump sum provision has been made towards land
acquisition.
10.5 Contingencies and Supervision Charges.
Provision for contingencies at 5% and Quality control at 1% has been taken.
Supervision charges are not taken, as RSRDCC a govt. of Rajasthan board is
undertaking to operate this BOT (Annuity) project. Another new charges like,
Guaranteed commission to State Government 1%, A & F Charges 10%, Application
Fees & Front end charges 0.5% has take for this highway. The project cost has been
made towards unforeseen items and variation in the length and costs and L.A
charges, social & environmental settlement and other miscellaneous items
10.6 Construction Cost
Based on the assessed quantities for road work, bridges and culverts and adopting the
rates worked out the total cost for the entire project has been worked out i.e widening
the existing 1 Lane - 2 lane carriageway into 2 lane udivided carriageway with 1.5m
wide paved shoulders and 1.0m wide gravel shoulders on either side as Rs.154.38
Crores for Civil Works and Rs. 6.95 Crores including non-civil works and Rs. 17.09
Crores for Agency & Other charges. Total cost of the work is estimated to be Rs.
179.98 Crores. A statement showing the total cost of the work is furnished in Table
10.2
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
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Table 10.2 Cost Estimate
S. No. Particulars Cost (in Rs.)
1 PART : A Improvement of Existing Road 795,732,491.00
2 PART : B CD Works (Culverts / Bridges) with Drains 117,609,533.95
3 PART : C Cement Concrete Pavement 68,965,155.00
4 PART : D Road Furniture 43,560,359.28
5 PART : E Road Work for Toll Plaza, Lay Bye 45,276,703.00
6 PART : F Bye Passes 179,800,343.13
7 PART : G Improvement of Verical & Horizontal
Curves
136,125,464.00
Project Facilities
8 PART: H Toll Plaza (4 nos.) 19,594,400.00
9 PART: I Public Utility Services 30,982,462.74
10 PART: J Landscaping & Tree Plantation 18,770,500.00
Total Cost 1,456,417,412.10
Say Rs. in Lacs 14564.17
11 PART: K Add: Escalation for 1 year 0.00
12 PART: L Tender Premium @ 0% 0.00
13 PART: M Cost of contigencies 5% 728.21
14 PART: N Quality Control (1%) 145.64
15 PART: O Guarantee Commission to State Govt. (1%) 145.64
16 PART: P Cost of Land Acquisition 549.84
17 PART: Q Cost of Utility Shifting (1%) 145.64
Sub Total 16279.14
18 PART: R A & F Charges (10%) 1,627.91
19 PART: S Application Fee and Front end fee (0.5%) 81.40
Sub Total 17,988.45
20 PART : T Interest during construction 2,308.84
Grand Total 20,297.29
Chapter-10 Cost Estimates
Page 166 of 166
In order to examine the economic and financial viability various options as stated
below have also been examine considered. The details of these various options along
with their cost are furnished in Table 10.3
Table 10.3 Different Options
Options Civil
Works
(in crores)
Non-Civil
Works
(in crores)
Agency /
Govt.
Charges
(in
crores)
Interest
during
construc
tion
(in
crores)
Total in
Crores
Option I
Entire SH 2 Lane with
paved shoulder with
initial strengthening with
50mm DBM & 40 BC
154.38 6.95 17.09 23.09 202.97
Bypasses 2 Lane with
paved shoulders
CD Works / Bridges in
new proposed Bypasses
Construction of new
Culverts / bridges in
existing alignment.