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What is Chromatography?
Chromatography is a physico-chemical process thatbelongs to fractionation methods same asdistillation, crystallization or fractionated extraction.
It is believed that the separation method in itsmodern form originated at the turn of the centuryfrom the work of Tswettto whom we attribute theterms chromatography and chromatogram
The method was used for preparation andpurification purposes until the development ofsensitive detectors
The detector signal, which is registered incontinuum, leads to a chromatogram that indicatesthe variation of the composition of the eluting phasewith time.
 
Chromatographic separations
Sample is dissolved in a mobile phase (a gas, aliquid or a supercritical fluid)
The mobile phase is forced through animmiscible stationary phase which is fixed inplace in a column or on a solid surface.
The two phases are chosen so that thecomponents of the sample distributethemselves between the mobile and stationaryphase to a varying degree.
 
(a)Diagram showingthe separation of amixture of components A and Bby column elutionchromatography.(b)The output of thesignal detector at thevarious stages of elution shown in (a).
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