Professional Documents
Culture Documents
--888
LUAN
TOT
E TAI :
VAN
NGHIEP
: NGUYEN NHN
PHU
LP
: 95 K
---000---
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
PHU
LUC
M au Ve Video Digital
Cac Ky Thuat Lam Giam Data Video
Qua Trnh Lam Giam Data Video
Cac Ky Thuat Lam Giam Data Audio
Ghep Kenh Tn Hieu Digital
Cac He Thong Quang Ba Truyen Hnh So
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
LI
CAM
TA
luan van
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
M AU
CHNG
CAC
NGUYEN
TAC
VE
VO
TUYEN
TRUYEN
HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Chuyen oi anh
sang tn hieu ien
anh goc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
CC
SC
PC:song
Bien tren mang hnh
CC:song
Vung b xoa 1,25
4,2MHz
mang mau
6MHz
SC:song
mang tieng
H1.8 He thong bien tan cut NTSC
Bien di
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
650
Magenta
Xanh
dn
g
Luc
H1.10 Ba mau c ban
Theo hnh 1.10, ba vong tron o R, xanh dng B va xanh luc G co
tng phan chong len nhau. nhng cho chong len nhau tao
cac mau la hon hp cua R, G va B bang cach cong cac mau
nay lai. Ngi ta goi R- G- B la ba mau c ban; do t ba mau nay
ngi ta co the tao ra hau het cac mau co trong thc te. Khi
ch co R va B cong lai th tao ra mau o hi xanh dng la
magenta. Mau nay gan giong nh tm (purple) nhng o hn. Khi
cong G va B tao thanh hon hp co mau cyan. Hay mau vang la
hon hp cong mau cua G va R co t le gan bang nhau. ac
biet, qua trnh cong mau cho phep tao ra nhieu mau khac nhau
bang cach thay oi t le hay cng o (o sang) cua ba mau c
ban. Co the thu c mau trang bang cach tron cung t le R, G
va B lai vi nhau. Tuy nhien, neu cng o cua ba mau giam
theo cung t le th hon hp t mau trang chuyen sang xam (gray)
, neu tiep tuc giam ta co hon hp cuoi cung la mau en (black).
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
o
1
0.5
0
0
0
0.5
Lam
1
0.5
0
1
0.5
1
Luc
1
0.5
0
0
0
0.5
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.25
0
1
1
1
1
0.5
1
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
CHNG
GHEP
KENH
TRUYEN
HNH
TNG
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Hnh 2.1 Hnh dang xung xoa , xung ong bo, burst mau.
Hnh dang cua cac xung ong bo c minh hoa hnh 2.2.
Cac xung co cung bien o nhng khac nhau o rong xung hay
dang song. Cac xung ong bo tren gom (t trai sang phai) 3
xung ngang, sau xung can bang, mot xung doc b che (thanh cac
xung che) va sau xung can bang them vao, va 3 xung ngang.
Nam xung che xung doc cach nhau H (H la thi gian 1 dong
ngang). Cac xung can bang cung cach nhau H. Cac xung nay
phuc vu cho viec ong bo ngang cac ban anh le va chan. Tuy
nhien ly do dung cac xung can bang co lien quan en viec
ong bo doc. Cac xung can bang a ra cac dang song nhan
dang trong tn hieu ong bo doc b che e xac nh ban anh,
va v the, co the thu c thi iem quet xen ke khong oi cho
tng ban anh.
Cac tn hieu ong bo khong lien quan en viec quet ma
ch nh thi iem quet. Do o, ong bo cho phep tai tao lai tin
tc hnh anh khung song theo v tr chnh xac. Khi khong co xung
ong bo ngang, hnh anh troi sang trai hoac sang phai, sau o b
xe
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
66 66,5 67,25
71,15 71.75 F (MHz)
H2.3 Pho tan kenh 34 (FCC)
Theo hnh 2.3, song mang hnh co tan so 67,25 66 = 1,25MHz.
Song mang tieng cach song mang hnh 4,5MHz nen tr so cua no
la 71,75MHz, tan so tn hieu hnh cao nhat bien tren co bien
o cha b suy giam la 71,25MHz va bien di la 66,5MHz.
u iem cua phng phap truyen bien tan cut la do v tr
song mang hnh lech han ve mot pha, neu tn hieu hnh co tan
so 4MHz co the i trong kenh co o rong 6MHz. Neu song mang
hnh c at gia kenh truyen th ch co tn hieu co tan so
thap nhat en tan so cao nhat la 2,5MHz c truyen i, do o
se lam giam so lng chi tiet anh hay o phan tch anh b
giam.
Nh vay, e nang them so lng phan t anh, ta co the
at v tr song mang hnh ngay tai gii han di cua kenh truyen.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
o Luc
Tn hieu R
Tn hieu G
Tn hieu B
100%
0%
100%
0%
100%
0%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
H.2.6. Pho tan tn hieu mau ghep vao pho tan tn hieu choi
Tr so cu the cua tan so song mang phu thuoc vao nhieu
yeu to: o rong dai tan tn hieu choi, phng thc ieu che
song mang phu, v.v. Sau ay ta se xet en tng trng hp cu
the.
2.4.4. He truyen hnh mau NTSC:
he truyen hnh mau NTSC s dung hai tn hieu hieu mau
goi tat la I va Q e truyen cung mot luc vi tn hieu choi theo
phng thc ieu che vuong goc tren mot song mang phu co hai
thanh phan vuong goc vi nhau, vi bieu thc cua hai tn hieu
nh sau:
(R_Y)
C (Tn hieu mau)
I
Q
330
ieu
che I
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
EY
Ma
Bay
Fsc
LPF1,3MHz
LPF1,3MHz
Ev
EG
Tra
n
Day
tre
Eu
Bo
co
ng
Song mang
-45
-90
-45
-90
Burstgate
H2.10.S o khoi bo
ma hoa PAL
Viec ao pha thanh phan song mang phu mang tn hieu V
he PAL nham giam anh hng cua meo pha tn hieu mau.
@Chon tan so song mang phu mau
he PAL khi chon tan so song mang phu mau ,ngi ta quan
tam en cac yeu to sau :
Anh hng cua song mang phu en anh truyen hnh en
trang.
Tan so song mang phu phai mien tan so cao cua pho tan
tn hieu choi.
Thuan tien cho viec bien oi tn hieu cua he PAL thanh tn
hieu NTSC va ngc lai.
De thc hien chia tan e tao ra cac tan so quet ngang, tan
so quet doc nham lam cho gia chung co moi quan he mat
thiet vi nhau.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
EG
Fo
b
For
Bay
Fsc
Day
tre
Ma
tra
n
Bo loc
chuong
LPF
Xung
xoa
Sa
trc
Bo
co
ng
Bo tron
xoa
FM
ao
pha
ao
H.2.11 S o khoi bo ma hoa Xung
SECAM
pha
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
CHNG
GHEP
KENH
TRUYEN
HNH
SO
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Ma
tran
ADC
digital
Qua
trnh
productio
n
MPEG
Coder
ADC
Tn hieu tong hp
Entropy
coder delta
Bo coder ly tng
Bo coder khong ly
Bo
ngan
Chat
lng
Xau hn
He
so
nen
Chat
lng
tot
hn tap
o
phc
b)
H 3.2 Quan he gia o phc tap va t so nen
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Khong ton
hao
Co ton hao
Lng
Lng t
DPCM
Loai bo
HRLC
3.3 Tom tat cac ky thuat
nen
.
t
lai
xoa
Mo hnh nen khong ton hao cho phep phuc hoi thong tin data
goc sau khi giai nen. o la qua trnh ghi ma thuan nghch , co
the at c cac t so nen b gii han (< 2 :1) vi hnh anh
thong thng.Lng data giam la phu thuoc vao noi dung hnh
anh, dan en cac ng dung toc o bit khac nhau (variable bit
DCT
VLC
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
video
Bo lng
t
Bo tien
oan
Ma hoa
entropy
Kenh
6
8
5
0
Mc DC pel choi
t
t
a)
Bien o pel choi
b)
Nang lng
t
Tan so
c)
Nang lng
d)
Nang lng
Tan so
Tan so
0 Fp Fp Fp
Fp
Fp Fp Fp
59 10 -1 28 -34 14 18 3
1 6 8
e)
f)
Cot cuoi
T (theo chieu
ngang)
Bien o
pel
T
(theo
chie
u
doc)
T
(theo
chie
u
doc)
Nang lng
Nang lng
Tan so
ngang
Ta
n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
so
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP
KENH TRUYEN HNH
doc 8*8 gia tr he so bien
oi DCT
Hnh 3.8 Cac vector chuyen ong gia hai anh lien tiep
Trong MPEG co dung 3 loai anh (khung) khac nhau e ho tr
cho ma vi sai va ma hai chieu khi toi thieu hoa ve sai so truyen.
o la anh I, P,B .
Anh I: la anh c ma hoa intra-coded, khong can thong
tin phu cho giai ma. No yeu cau hang loat d lieu so sanh vi
cac loai anh khac, do o no khong c truyen ( them ) eu
an hn mc can thiet. No gom cac he so bien oi va khong
co vector. Anh I cho phep ngi xem chuyen oi cac kenh va
chung ngan chan sai so truyen.
Cb
Cr
macroblock
Lat
Anh (frame)
Ma cuoi
chuoi
Header
chuoi
Lp chuoi
Chuoi # n-1
Lp GOP
GOP#p
GOP#p+
1
GOP#p+
2
GOP#p+
3
GOP#p+
4
Lp khung
Khung -I
Khung -B
Khung -P
Khung -B
Khung -I
Lp lat
MB
MB
MB
MB
MB
Khoi
Y
Khoi
Y
tnh
Lp Thuoc
MB
macroblock
Lp khoi
DCT
MB
Vector chuyen
ong
Chuoi # n-1
MB
Khoi
Y
MB
Khoi
Y
Cac he so
DCT
Chuoi # n-1
MB
MB
Khoi
Cb
EOB
Khoi
Cr
Macroblock 4:2:2
Macroblock 4:4:4
Y
Y
Macroblock 4:2:0
Y
Y
Y
Macroblock 4:1:1
Cb
Cr
Cb
Cb
Cr
Pel 0
Xoa doc
Pel 8
Cr
Cb
Cr
Pel 711
Dong 1
Dong 21
Dong 22
Ban anh
1
Pel 719
Vung pel
tch cc
720*483
Vung pel
co y
ngha
720*483
Xoa
ngang
Dong 261
Dong 262
H
IGH
2:0
H
IGH-
4:
2:0
4:2:
0 4:2:2
192
0 x 1152
100
Mb/s
I.P.
B
4:2:
0 4:2:2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
n v data (data unit DU) :gom mot khoi 8*8 mau thanh phan
trong kieu hoat ong co ton hao .
n v c ghi ma nho nhat (minimum-coded unit MCU) : la
nhom DU xen ke nho nhat, gom hai khoi Y va mot khoi CR
,mot khoi CB .
Phan oan c ghi ma entropy (entropy-coded segment ECS) : c
tao ra t nhieu MCU.
Lp quet (scan) : c nh ngha la lp c quet hoan chnh
t tren xuong di.
Khung (frame) : tao t 1 hay nhieu lan quet.
Lp hnh anh : hnh anh mc cao nhat cua he thong data
a nen.
em
leac tnh a co nha
ma
16
bit
tieu chuan MPEG 1 la :
co tre
digital
hoa
Bo
-Cac cau truc lay mau 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0.
ghep
-Kha nang quet lien tiep va quet xen ke .
hp
3.4 CAC Ket
KYcau
THUAT
GIAM DATA AUDIO :
he LAMTnh
thong th
toan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
giac
t le
NGUYENngi
NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
H 3.13 He thong iem-troi noi khoi
data audio
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Bo lng
t va bo
ma hoa
Nhom
bo loc
Bo
ghe
p
hp
Dong bit
a ma
hoa
Kieu
nhan
Bo gan bit
thc
H 3.15 Bo ma hoa audio nhan thc.
H 3.14 Bo ma hoa audio nhan
thc
Cac hien tng mat na quan trong nhat xay ra trong mien
tan so. e khai thac ieu nay,pho tn hieu audio c chia thanh
nhieu dai nho vi o phan giai tan so va thi gian thch ng
vi bang thong ti han cua he thong thnh giac. Hnh 3.14 mo
ta cau truc c ban cua bo ma hoa nhan thc . Bo nay gom:
Mau audio
DPCM
32/44,1/48
KHz
nh tan
so / thi
gian
Ma
hoa
joint
Kieu tam l am
(psyacoustic)
Ghi ma /
lng t /
lay t le
em
khung
Data
phu
tr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Data
vao
Nhom
bo loc
32 dai
nho
FFT
512 /
1024
iem
0
1
2
n
31
Bo
t
le
Ngn
g mat
na
0
1
2
n
31
Bo
Lng
T
Bo ghi
ma
va
gan
he so
t le
0
1
2
n
31
Bo
a
Hp
-S gan
bit
-He so
t le
Dong
bit a
ma
hoa
Thong
tin phu
tr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
He so
t le
0 384
SCFSI he
0
so
t le
60
0 10
80
Cac mau
384
Data
phu
tr
Lp I
Data
phu
tr
Lp II
Header CRC
Tin tc
Mau data
32
0,1
side
6
136,256
CRC : kiem tra d tha ; SCFSI: thong tin chon he so t le
Lp III
Cac mau
1152
kenh
Bo ma hoa
video
So lieu
khac
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
B
O
Dong
ghep
MPEG-2
GHEP
Bo ma
hoa
Audio
Video
ES
on
g
Audio ES
goi
Video PES
Ghep
kenh
Audio PES
chn Dong
chn
g
trnh g trnh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Lp nen
Lp he
thong
nh dang nguon
Ma hoa nen
Giai ma nen
ong goi
Giai goi
a hp
dong PS
Giai a
hp
dong PS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Giai a hp 55
a hp dong TS GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
NGUYEN NHN PHU
dong TS
H 3.21 he thong cau truc cac lp MPEG
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
SC
SI
PL
BS
SC
SI
PL
PL
BS
BS
Ma bat au
Nhan dang dong
o dai goi
Kch c bo em
Dong PS
Header lo
video
Audio
Ma bat au
audio
SCR
data
video
audio
data
Toc o
Dong truyen
tai
TS :truc
co the
c
tao thanh
H 3.23
Cau
dong
chng
trnh t mot to
hp 1 hay nhieu
dong PS co goc thi gian oc lap nhau
PS
hoac t mot to hp cac PES, nh hnh 3.20. Tuy nhien,
PS khong phai la mot bo con cua TS, do TS khong cha
tat ca thong tin ban anh chng trnh. Khi trch PS t TS
phai thu c vai thong tin tren. Cac goi PES co nguon
goc t 1 hay nhieu dong s cap ES dung chung goc thi
gian hay goc thi gian khac nhau nh dong audio, video va
data c ghep hp thanh mot dong truyen tai TS gom
cac goi truyen tai co kch c nho mang tnh lap lai, nh
hnh 3.25. Mot hay nhieu PS co clock chuan khac nhau
cung co the c ghep hp thanh mot TS qua s chuyen
oi trong goi PES. Cac goi TS co chieu dai co nh 188
byte va noi dung data cua chung nh mo ta hnh 3.24.
Chung mang thong tin nh thi, thong tin ong bo va c
che sa jitter e bao am truyen tai khoang cach xa tin
cay c. Hn na, kch c goi data co nh cho phep
chuyen oi TS thanh cac te bao mang ATM ( asynchronous
tranfer mode ). Dong nay co sc e khang vi loi nen
c ch nh cho cac ng dung co sai so khong the bo
qua c.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Header
goi TS
T
ong
bo
47H
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Chuoi
video#n-1
Chuoi
video#n
Chuoi
video#n+1
Chuoi audeo
#n
Chuoi
audio#n+1
PES - Video
Goi
truyen
tai video
ES- Audio
.........
Chuoi
audio#n-1
PES - audio
Goi
truyen
tai audio
Don
g TS
.........
PS # 1
D
V
V
PS # 2
PS # 3
V : video
A : audio
D : data
188 Byte
3.6 CAC HE THONG
QUANG BA TRUYEN HNH SO
Thng thng mot may phat tren ve tinh ch co the
truyen tai mot
chng
truyen
tng
t.
Neu- 2
s dung ky
H 3.25
nhtrnh
dang
donghnh
truyen
tai
MPEG
thuat nen dai tan so th mot bo chuyen phat tren ve tinh co
the ong thi truyen tai 4 chung trnh truyen hnh khac nhau.
Viec phat chng trnh quang ba truyen hnh so (digital video
broadcasting DVB ) chu yeu s dung tieu
chuan nen MPEG 2 hnh, bien ma am thanh va so lieu ; s dung
phng thc ma so MPEG 2 ; no co phng thc sa ma sai;
can c vao cac chng trnh multimedia, se chon la cac phng
thc ieu che tng ng va bien ma cua cac ng thong tin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Bo
tron
nhie
u
ng
Bo
ieu
che
QPSK
Bo
oi
tan
len
Phat
len
ve tinh
Bo
ma
hoa MPEG
H 3.26 S o khoi he thong quang ba truyen hnh
so tinh
Nguyen l quang ba truyen hnh so ve tinh trnh bay hnh
3.26 . Thong tin am tan va th tan va cac tn hieu so trc tien
se i qua bo nen bien ma so MPEG 2 (ENC) tien hanh viec nen
bien ma , tn hieu truyen hnh so vi toc o tren 200Mb/s c
nen xuong con 6Mb/s, dong so lieu MPEG2 b nen nhieu ng
se c a vao bo tron nhieu ng so tien hanh viec tron
, ngo ra se nhan c dong ma MPEG2 co toc o cang cao hn
. Can c vao yeu cau cua tac gia cac chng trnh, cac chng
trnh truyen hnh can truyen tai se c thc hien viec ma hoa ,
sau o dong so lieu MPEG2 c a vao bo ieu che so QPSK .
Cuoi cung tien hanh bien tan, tn hieu QPSK b ieu che ti
trung tan IF, at ti tan so vi ba can thiet cua dai song C hoac
KU, thong qua anten phat tien hanh phat xa len truyen hnh ve
tinh .
S o khoi cua he thong thu truyen hnh so ve tinh nh hnh
3.27 . Tn hieu ve tinh qua bo bien tan LNB , may thu ve tinh so
IRD (integrated receiver coder ) se tien hanh viec giai ieu che
QPSK, giai ma a ra tn hieu am tan va th tan, neu dung au
noi thu CATV trc th mang truyen hnh hu tuyen co the c
chia thanh phng thc truyen tai tng t va phng thc truyen
tai so (nh hnh 3.28) . Trong phng thc truyen tai tng t th so
ng truyen at va so lng may thu bang nhau, do tn hieu au
ra cua may thu ve tinh so IRD la AV cho nen can phai dung cac
bo ieu che tng t vi cac kenh tan khac nhau e truyen
tai tn hieu ti ho dung.
e co the truyen tai so trong mang truyen hnh hu tuyen
tn hieu can phai qua bo chuyen oi ieu che so , sau khi bien
tan cao tan th trung tan tn hieu ieu che QPSK se chuyen oi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Bo
bie
n
tan
May
thu
ve
tinh
so
A
V
Tivi
thong
thn
g
Tn
hieu
t
ve tinh
A
V
A
V
May thu
ve tinh
so
May thu
ve tinh
so
Bo tron nhieu
ng
Bo ieu che so
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
KET
LUAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
Analog to digital
Asynchronous transfer mode
Bit error rate
Bi-phase mark
Bit rate reduction
Community antenna (cable) Television
Comite consultatif
international en
Radiodiffusion
Consultative committee on international
CD
telegraphy and telephony
CD-ROM Compact disk
CODEC
Compact -disk read- only memory
COFDM Coder/ Decoder
CRT
Coded
orthogonal
frequency
division
D/A
multiplexing
DC
Cathode- ray tube
DCT
Digital to analog
DBCM
Direct current
DVB
Discrete cosine transform
EBU
Differential pulse code modulation
EOB
Digital video broadcasting
ES
European Broadcast Union
FCC
End of block
FDCT
Elementary stream
FDM
Federal communications commission
FEC
Forward discrete cosine transform
FFT
Frequency division multiplexing
GBR
Forward error correction
GOP
Forward (fast ) Fourier transform
HAS
Green, blue, red
HVS
Group of pictures
IDCT
Human auditory system
IRD
Human visual system
ISO
Inverse discrete cosine transform
ITU
Integrated receiver decoder
JPEG
International standard organization
LPF
International telecommunication union
LSB
Joint photographic expert group
MCP
Low pass filter
MDCT
Least - significant bit
MMDS
Motion - compensated prediction
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
MNR
MPEG
MSB
NTSC
PAL
PCM
PES
Pixel,pel
PQMT
PS
QAM
RLC
SNR
STM
TDM
TS
VBR
VLC
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH
TAI
KHAO
LIEU
THAM
hnh en - trang
2. PHAN VAN HONG
Panasonic - 1993
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NGUYEN NHN PHU
GHEP KENH TRUYEN HNH