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Design of Multiband Ultra-Wideband (UWB) System Based on Discrete Multiwavelets Transform


Laith Ali Abdul-Rahaim; Samir Jasam Mohammad
Abstract - In this paper design and performances are investigated for Multiband ultra-wideband systems MB-UWB Based on Discrete Multiwavelets Transform Critically Sampling DMWTCS. The design of MB-UWB systems, with the goal of achieving 528Mbps data rate is present. The performances of these systems with different channel models schemes are simulated. The Bit Error Rate (BERs) and the operating range of these systems are obtained using frequency domain baseband simulations as well as more realistic full-system simulations, and are compared to other systems types designed using FFT and Discrete Wavelets transform DWT. Simulation results show that the MB-UWB system using DMWTCS provide significant gains for 528 Mbps transmission over MB- UWB systems using conventional method with FFT and DWT. Performance simulations validate the concept of the multicarrier Multiband Direct sequence ultra-wideband systems and demonstrate the promising features of the DMWTCS. However, a critical comparison to a conventional method scheme indicates that the final gain may not justify the extra complexity. The simulations are achieved by MATLAB R2010a. Index Terms: UWB, Frequency selective fading channels, multiband, OFDM, .

1. INTRODUCTION
In this paper, we consider the ECMA-368 Multiband (MB) standard for high rate Ultra Wideband (UWB) wireless communication in the 3.110.6 GHz band [1], [2]. Because UWB systems in this band are operating as spectral underlay systems [3], [4], they will unavoidably be impacted by the transmissions of incumbent systems. [5]), the industry has moved from the impulse radio paradigm towards other physical layer options. Although the impulse radio techniques have many advantages for the low rate and/or military applications, for commercial high data rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) other modulation/ transmission schemes have proved to be more attractive. One of the most popular approaches to UWB system design is the Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) [6]. This approach has received wide industry support and has been adopted by many industry alliances such as [7][8] and standardized by ECMA in December 2005 as a high-rate UWB PHY and MAC standard [9]. The highest physical layer (PHY) data rate in the current MB-OFDM specification [10] is only 528Mbps. Multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) was proposed for the physical layer within IEEE 802.15.3a standard, which covers ultrawideband (UWB) communications in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) [11]. Outage probability is an important performance measure in wireless communication systems, and is usually defined as the probability of unsatisfactory signal reception. The outage analysis for multiple-antenna systems is always performed under assumptions of Rayleigh, Rice or Nakagami fading channels [12, 13]. However, for the IEEE 802.15.3a UWB channel model [11], which further considers the log-normal shadowing effect, few results have ever appeared according to our best knowledge. In this paper, recent advances in high speed electronics and novel UWB antenna designs have resulted in a fresh look of UWB systems. For instance the possibility to generate arbitrary pulse waveforms in the order of (nSecs) and a digital front-end for their reception [14]. The first generation of commercial UWB systems will be based on -UWB and multiband OFDM. On the other hand, the application of the wavelet packets to wireless

systems has been studied in a wide variety of forms [4]. Those studies have shown to provide good performance against time-varying fading channels and narrowband interference rejection as wavelet waveforms have low sidelobes [15]. Those properties make WPs a very attractive design alternative for UWB applications. Hence, we propose a novel multi-channel modulation scheme for UWB transmissions based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and DMWTCS combined with spread spectrum and multiband approaches, as analogous to multicarrier CDMA and multiband OFDM. Thus, two possible structures are studied, namely multiband DWT multiplexing and DWTCDMA multiplexing [16-18]. Indeed, the proposed techniques divide UWB channels into a set of parallel channels. Exploiting the properties of wavelet packets in time and frequency, a set of multi-channel basis functions can be formed such that the corresponding channel-output functions remain nearly orthogonal for any UWB channel. Multiple accesses are introduced in the form of a timefrequency hopping code (similar to multiband OFDM) [1921]. The remaining of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2, briefly describes the MB-OFDM UWB system. Section 3, Provides the details of the system model and modulation schemes used to achieve 528 Mbps data rate and signal model. Section 4 presents the simulation results obtained using different simulation settings, and the conclusions are drawn in Section 5.

2. MULTI-BAND UWB SYSTEM


In this section we briefly introduce the MB-UWB system [6][7]. In the MB-UWB system, the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band is divided into 14 bands, each with a bandwidth of 528MHz. These bands are then grouped into five band groups. The first four band groups contain three bands each and the fifth one contains two bands. The MB-UWB system has two modes of operation: Time Frequency Interleaved (TFI) and Fixed Frequency Interleaved (FFI). In the TFI mode, the signal hops over the three bands within a band group. The hopping pattern is called a Time Frequency Code (TFC), and has a period of six hops. In each hop, one OFDM symbol is transmitted. For each band group, four different TFCs are defined. For example, one TFC for the first band

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group is given as {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3}. In the FFI mode the system does not hop and only uses one of the 528 MHz bands. At the beginning of each packet, a time-domain training sequence is transmitted. This training sequence is repeated 24 times for regular operation and 12 times when the system is in burst mode (when a number of packets are transmitted one after each other in a burst) to form the time-domain preamble. This preamble is used for time and frequency synchronization. After the time domain preamble, a frequency domain training sequence is transmitted. This sequence, which is repeated 6 times, is employed for channel estimation. This means that in the TFI mode two copies of the frequency domain sequence are available for the channel estimation in each band. The frequency domain training sequence as well as the header and the data that follows it are generated using an OFDM modulation scheme with N = 64 sub-carriers. Instead of a more traditional cyclic prefix, each symbol (including the preamble and training sequences) is padded with NZP = 33 zeros. Within each OFDM symbol, 31 sub-carriers are used for data transmission and 31 are used for pilot symbols. Also, 10 sub-carriers (five on each edge) are used as guard sub-carriers. The data from the adjacent sub-carriers is copied on these sub-carriers. On each data sub-carrier, the data is modulated either using QPSK.

rms [ns] (rms delay spread)


NP10dB (number of paths within 10 dB of the strongest path) NP (85%) (number of paths that capture 85% of channel energy) Model Parameters [1/nsec] (cluster arrival rate) [1/nsec] (ray arrival rate) (cluster decay factor) (ray decay factor) 1 [dB] (stand. dev. of cluster lognormal fading term in dB) 2 [dB] (stand. dev. of ray lognormal fading term in dB) x [dB] (stand. dev. of lognormal fading term for total multipath realizations in dB) Model Characteristics

5.28

8.03

14.28 35

25

24

36.1

61.54

0.0233 2.5 7.1 4.3 3.4 3.4 3

0.4 0.5 5.5 6.7 3.4 3.4 3

0.067 2.1 14.00 7.9 3.4 3.4 3

0.067 2.1 24.00 12 3.4 3.4 3

m rms
NP10dB NP (85%) Channel energy mean [dB] Channel energy std dev. [dB]

5.0 5 12.5 20.8 -0.4 2.9

9.9 8 15.3 33.9 -0.5 3.1

15.9 15 24.9 64.7 0.0 3.1

30.1 25 41.2 123.3 0.3 2.7

2.1. UWB Channel Model


We have modeled the multipath channel using the model provided in [1]. This is the channel model adopted for use in the IEEE 802.15.3a standardization Task Group. This model is similar to the Saleh-Valenzuela (S-V) multi-cluster model [8]. Each cluster has an exponential decay profile. The overall power of each of the clusters also exponentially decays with time. The difference between this adopted model and the SV model is that instead of a Rayleigh distribution for the coefficient of each path, a log-normal distribution is used. To model the shadowing effects, the overall gain of each channel realization is also modulated by another log-normal shadowing coefficient. As given in [11], four different sets of parameters (referred to as CM1 through CM4) are available. These models (parameter sets) are chosen to represent different channel conditions in typical usage scenarios. CM1 describes a LOS (line-of sight) scenario with a separation between transmitter and receiver of less than 4m. CM2 describes the same range, but for a non-LOS situation. CM3 describes a non-LOS scenario for distances between TX and RX 4-10m. Scenario 4 finally describes an environment with strong delay dispersion, resulting in a delay spread of 25ns. Note that, when using the model, the total average received power of the multipath realizations is typically normalized to unity in order to provide a fair comparison with other wideband and narrowband systems. The channel characteristics and corresponding parameter matching results in Table 1 correspond to a time resolution of 167 psec, although the output of the model described in the appendix yields continuous time samples (i.e., based upon an infinite bandwidth). How this model matches measurements with bandwidths greater than 6 GHz is unknown due to the lack of measurement data at this bandwidth.
Table 1: Multipath channel target characteristics and model parameters.[11]
Target Channel Characteristics m [ns] (Mean excess delay)
CM 1 5.05 CM 2 10.38 CM 3 14.18 CM 4

In [1], Snow et al provided some information-theoretic performance measures of MB-OFDM for UWB communications from the aspect of outage capacity and cutoff rates. To estimate the performance of MB-UWB systems with multiple antennas, we also use the calculation of outage capacity of UWB channels and get a rough picture of the data rates that can be achieved. We assume that the multipath channels for different antenna pairs are statistically independent. For the multipath block fading channels, the outage capacity is the theoretical limit which shows the highest achievable data rate at certain outage error rate. For the multi-band OFDM systems, because of the frequencyhopping feature, there are a total of 300 data sub-carriers that must be averaged to calculate the average capacity:
i =1 (1) where Cav is the average capacity, Hi is the channel matrix on the i-th subcarrier, and Nt and Nr are the number of transmit and receive antennas, respectively. The outage probability Pout associated with a target rate R is defined as Pout = Pr (Cav < R). For example, if we set the outage probability to 0.1, we can determine the target rate R corresponding to this channel outage. The maximum data rate theoretically attainable at PER = 0.1 can be estimated as Rdata = R W Rc, where R is the outage capacity (in bits/s/Hz), W is the bandwidth, and Rc is the code rate. Using independent realizations of the CM2 channel model [1], we have calculated outage capacity at PER = 0.1 for all possible antenna formations. We can see that at medium SNR, (Tx and Rx) system can provide double the data rate that can be achieved by the (Tx and Rx) system with the same bandwidth. Also, (Tx and Rx) system has certain advantage over the (Tx and Rx) system from the capacity point of view. Theoretically speaking, the single antenna system can achieve roughly 1 Gbps at SNR = 12dB. In practice, however, the achievable rate is lower than 1Gbps due to signal modulation constraints and RF impairments. Therefore, UWB system with multiple antennas is a good candidate to increase the date rate up to 1 Gbps with the fixed 1 Gbps bandwidth. 1 C av = 180 log 2 det( I Nr + 180

SNR H i .H i ) Nt

2.2. Simulation Environment

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To simulate the behavior of the above systems in multipath environment, we have generated the UWB channel using independent realizations of the models provided in [12], which can be re-sampled and converted to the baseband frequency domain channel coefficients. This assumes that the channels are independent, i.e. sufficient multipath exists and antennas are separated in space by at least one wavelength. Furthermore, the power of the channel coefficients is normalized, i.e., it has been assumed that shadowing does not exist. Also, the effect of increased path loss at higher frequency band has not been taken into account. These simple simulations have been used to compare different modulation options. A full system-level simulation model, including real world impairments, has also been set-up to evaluate the performance of the most promising systems in this paper. The transmitter includes a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) operating at 1GHz, an analog filter to remove signal images, and a mixer to upconvert the signal to the desired frequency at each transmit antenna. For each receive antenna, the analog front-end in the receiver includes a mixer to bring the signal down to baseband, a filter to reduce out-of-band signal and an AGCADC (Automatic Gain Control - Analog to Digital Converter) loop to adjust gain and to digitize the signal. The base-band module processes the ADC output data to detect the burst and to correct for frequency and timing errors. It then processes the frequency domain preamble to estimate the channel, which is used to equalize the header and payload symbols. The equalized data is then demapped to generate to the header symbols. The payload symbols are processed based on the parameters decoded from the Header symbols. In all simulations, the Packet Error Rate (PER) performance is calculated using the average PER for all channel realizations. The performance is measured at PER = 0.1 [21].

The transmitted baseband signal of user k is written as:

S k (t ) = Ec d k ,m (n) f m (t nT uTc )
m =1 n =0 u =1

(3)

where k=1, ..., K, K is the active user number; dk(n) corresponding to the BPSK complex signal denotes the nth data symbol of the kth user, and {dk(n)} are assumed to be independent, identically distributed (i.i.d) with equal probability, and Tb is the symbols period. The chip period Tc, corresponds to the minimum orthogonal shifting defined in complex wavelet packet; Ec is the mean energy over a chip. So the sub-carrier symbol period T=MTc,,M, is the number of sub-carriers [13]. The OFDM based on DMWT will be used, from OFDM encoder throughout generation and insertion of Pilot carriers [12], the OFDM modulation using IDMWTCS and the addition of the cyclic prefix. This is followed by sequences insertion, parallel to serial conversion for transmitter and then the channel effect for transmitted sequence is added. The received additive sequences in receiver antenna are passed through serial to parallel conversion and sequence separation. After this step each sequence discarded the cyclic prefix and inter to OFDM demodulator that use the DMWTCS where after, the zero padding is removed from each sequence and the training sequence will be used to estimate the channel transfer function, h(t) using :

X e (k ) =

Y p (k ) H e (k )

k=0,1,.,N-1

(4)

For each received sequence [13]. We assume that the wireless channel from transmitter antenna to receive antenna experience independent, slow time-varying frequency selective Rayleigh fading, whereas every sub-carrier channel is considered to be flat and slow fading [15]. So the impulse response of mth subcarrier channel from transmit antenna to the receive antenna for user k can be repressed as

3. SYSTEM DESIGN
The block diagrams of the proposed systems for MB-UWB are depicted in Figure (1) and (2).These Figures illustrates a typical MB-UWB system used for Multicarrier modulation. In the conceptual block diagram of a MB-UWB, suppose the data packet dn generated at a rate of Rs, is a stream of serial data to be transmitted using this scheme of modulation. The receiver is based upon a square-law detector followed by a low-pass filter and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with built-in track and hold circuit. Figure (2) shows the block schematic diagram of this UWB receiver. A low-pass filter with 1 GHz cut-off frequency (rise time 350 ps) performs averaging of the square-law detector output signal. After 20 dB of amplification, the signal with a track and hold circuit with 1 GHz bandwidth is required. The amplified detector signals of 20 mV (10 LSB) will ensure reliable detection. Each data packet convert the data streams from serial to parallel form to construct a one dimensional vector contains the data symbols to be transmitted as shown:

hk ,m = k ,m (t k ) = k ,m exp( jk ,m ) (t k )
Where

(5)

k ,m

and

j k , m

denote the amplitude and phase of

respectively are i.i.d uniform variables in the interval [0,2!] for different k, m. So at the receiver, after down converting to baseband, the received signal from receive antenna can be written can be written by:

k ,m

r (t ) = S k (t t k ) hk ,m (t ) + n(t )
k =1
M

= Ec d k ,m (n)
k =1 m =1 n =0 u =1

(6)

d = (d 0 d1 d 2 .......d L1 )

(2)

f m (t nT uTc t k k ) k ,m + n(t )
Where n(t) is AWGN noise terms with double sided power spectrum density N/2 and zero mean. Single-path delay "k is i.i.d. for different k and uniforms in [0,Tc],and tk is the time misalignment of user k with respect to the reference user at the receiver which is i.i.d for different k and uniforms in [0, Ts.].

Where, L is the packet length. Each serial-to-parallel converted data symbols. As a result each data symbol becomes a vector with L bits. So, a matrix D of size L by L is obtained. Then each column of the matrix D converts to serial data using parallel-to-serial converter. The same procedure illustrated in [14] will be used with each converted serial data.

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Yi ,l = r (t )cl (v) f lc (t iT vTc l )dt


v =1 Tc

sub-carrier and same user will equal zero. The desired output is

= E c d k ,m (n) f m (t nT uTc t k k )
k =1 m =1n =0u =1Tc

K M N

Yi = { Ec Nd i ,l (i) i ,l + n(t ) fl n (t iT vTc l )dt}


v =1 Tc

(8)

f lc (t nT uTc t k l ) k ,m c k (v)dt +

(7) optimized equation

Since cross-correlation functions of the Multiwavelets packets satisfy

therefore the interference from same sub-carrier and same user k=1, interference from other

R lm (nTc ) = (m l ) (n) f

Figure (1) Block Diagram of the proposed MB-UWB System Based on DMWT

Figure (2): UWB transmitter and Receiver

3.1 Discrete Multiwavelets Transform Computation Algorithms


Multiwavelets filter banks require a vector-valued input signal. This is another issue to be addressed when Multiwavelets are used in the transform process, a scalarvalued input signal must somehow be converted into a suitable vector-valued signal. This conversion is called preprocessing [13-16]. There are a number of ways to produce such a signal from 2-D signal data. Furthermore in

data compression applications, one is seeking to remove redundancy not to increase it as in the case of repeated row preprocessing. Hence in this chapter also, ApproximationBased Preprocessing Algorithms have been studied and verified as critical sampled representations of the signal. These minimize redundancy for data compression applications.

3.1.1 A General Procedure for Computing 1D-DMWT Using a Critically-Sampled Scheme of Preprocessing:
A general procedure can be made for computing a singlelevel 2-D discrete Multiwavelets transform using GHM four Multifilters and using a critically-sampled scheme of

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preprocessing (approximation-based scheme of preprocessing) described in [16]. By using a criticallysampled scheme of preprocessing (approximation-based scheme of preprocessing), the DMWT matrix has the same dimensions of the input which should be a square matrix NN where N must be power of 2. Transformation matrix dimensions which should be equal to 2D-Signal Matrix dimensions after preprocessing will be NN for a criticalsampled scheme of preprocessing. There are two orders of approximation types of criticallysampled preprocessing [16] 1st order and 2nd order approximations. For the equation
( v1,0) n

and using GHM scaling function graph (Fig. 3), values for

1 (1/2), 2 (1/2), 2 (1) and 2 (3/2) should be found for


first order approximation. For any NN 2D-Signal Matrix and using the eq. (9), 1st order approximation-based preprocessing can be summarized as follows where every two rows generate two new rows: a- For any odd row,

new odd - row = [ 2 (1)[same odd - row] 2 (1 / 2)[next even - row] 2 (3/2)[previous even - row]]/ 2 (1)1 (1 / 2)
(10)

(1) f [2n + 1] 2 (1 / 2) f [2n + 2] 2 (3 / 2) f [2n] = 2 2 (1)1 (1 / 2)


f [2n + 2] 2 (1)

( ) v20n = ,

(9)

(t)

(t)

(a)

(t)

(t)
(b)

Fig. (3): GHM Pair of, (a) Scaling Functions, (b) Multiwavelets

b-For any even-row,

new odd - row = (10 / 8 2 )[same odd - row] + (3 / 8 8 )[next even - row] + (3 / 8 2 )[previous even - row] (14)

same even - row new even - row = 2 (1)

(11)

new even - row = [same even - row]

It can be seen from Fig. (3) that the values of

1 (t )

(15)

and

are non-zero for t values of [0, 2]. Since these functions are generated from a 256 sample then: 1. 2.

2 (t )

1 (1/2) = the 64th value in the iterated vector of 1 ,


2 (1/2) = the 64th value in the iterated vector of 2
(1) = the 128th value in the iterated vector of

It should be noted that when computing the first odd row, the previous even-row in eq. (12) is equals to zero. In the same manner, when computing the last odd row, the next even-row in Eq. (13) is equals to zero. The same thing is valid for equation (14). It is obvious now why the dimension of the resulting matrix after approximation-based preprocessing has the same dimension as before preprocessing. The following procedure for computing DMWT using approximation-based preprocessing is valid for both 1st and 2nd order of approximation with one exception of using Eqs.(12) and (13) for 1st order approximation preprocessing step and Eqs. (14) and (15) for 2nd order approximations preprocessing step: 1- Checking input dimensions: Input vector should be of length N1, where N must be power of two. 2- Constructing a transformation matrix: Using the transformation matrix equation
H 0 0 H 2 W = G0 0 0 H1 0 H3 G1 0 0 H2 H0 0 G2 G0 0 H3 H1 0 G3 G1 0 0 H2 0 G2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H0 0 0 H3 0 0 0 0 H 1 0 0 G3

2 (3/2),
3.

2 .

Substituting values of 1 (1/2), 2 (1) and 2 (1/2) in Eqs.(10) and (11) for 1st order approximation results, new odd - row = (0.373615)[same odd - row] + (0.11086198)[next even - row] + (0.11086198)[previous even - row] (12)

new even - row = ( 2 1)[same even - row] (13)


for 2nd order approximation, Eqs. (12) and (13) become [16]:

G3

G0 G1 G2

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(16)

dimensions should be equal to critical-sampled preprocessed DMWT NN matrix dimensions [16]. As there are two orders of approximation types of criticallysampled preprocessing [16], 1st order and 2nd order approximations, there are correspondingly two types of critically-sampled postprocessing methods that should be followed; one for each order of approximations. To compute a single-level 1-D Inverse Discrete Multiwavelets Transform using critically-sampled scheme of postprocessing, the next steps should be followed: 1- Coefficients shuffling, this is applied to the DMWT N1 matrix four basic subbands individually. For each subband, coefficients shuffling, shuffles columns first then rows. 2- Column reconstruction, i- Transpose the coefficients shuffled N1 matrix. ii- Apply shuffling by arranging the row pairs 1,2 and 3,4,,(N/2)1,N/2 of the coefficients shuffled N1 matrix transpose to be the row pairs 1,2 and 5,6,, N3, N2 of the resulting matrix and arranging the row pairs (N/2)+1,(N/2)+2 and (N/2)+3,(N/2)+4,, N1,N of the coefficients shuffled N1 matrix transpose to be the row pairs 3,4 and 7,8,, N1, N of the resulting matrix. iii- Multiply an N1 reconstruction matrix (NN transformation matrix eq (16) transpose) with the resulting NN shuffled matrix from ii. 3- Postprocessing, a critical-sampled postprocessing can be computed as follows: scheme of

an N/2N/2 transformation matrix should be constructed using GHM low- and high-pass filters matrices given in eq.(16)
3 H 0 = 5 2 1 20 3 , H1 = 2 2 9 20 10 2 2 5 3 0 1 2

0 0 0 0 H 2 = 9 3 , H 3 = 1 20 20 0 10 2 3 1 1 9 20 10 2 , G = 20 2 G0 = 3 1 9 1 0 10 2 10 2 10
9 20 G2 = 9 10 2 3 1 10 2 , G = 20 1 3 3 10 2 10 0 0

(17)

After substituting GHM matrix filter coefficients values as given by eq (17), an NN transformation matrix results with same dimensions of input 2D-Signal Matrix dimensions after preprocessing [16]. 3- Preprocessing rows: Approximation-based row preprocessing can be computed by applying Eqs. (12) and (13) to the odd- and even-rows of the input NN matrix respectively for the 1st order approximation preprocessing. For 2nd order approximation preprocessing, Eqs. (12) and (13) are replaced with Eqs. (14) and (15) for preprocessing odd- and even-rows of the input N1 matrix respectively. Input matrix dimensions after row preprocessing is the same N1. 4- Transformation of Input matrix: i- Apply matrix multiplication to the NN constructed transformation matrix by the N1 row preprocessed input 1D- matrix. ii- Permute the resulting N1 matrix rows by arranging the row pairs 1,2 and 5,6 , N3, N2 after each other at the upper half of the resulting matrix rows, then the row pairs 3,4 and 7,8,, N1,N below them at the next lower half. Constructed transformation matrix by the Nx1 preprocessing input vector.

i- 1st order approximation postprocessing: can be computed by applying the equations:


aodd- row = (0.373615)[ X same
odd - row ]

+ (0.11086198)[ X next even - row ] + (0.11086198)[ X previous even - row ]

(18) (19)

aeven- row = ( 2 1)[ X same even- row ]

to the odd- and even-rows of the column reconstructed NN matrix respectively. ii- 2nd order approximation postprocessing: can be computed by applying the equations:
a odd-row = (10 / 8 2 )[ X same + (3 / 8 2 )[ X previous even -row ]
odd- row ] + (3 / 8

2 )[ X next even -row ]

3.1.2 A General Procedure for Computing Inverse 1D-DMWT Using a Critically-Sampled Scheme of Postprocessing:
A general procedure can be followed for computing a single-level 1-D discrete Multiwavelets inverse transform using GHM four Multifilters and using a critically-sampled scheme of Postprocessing (approximation-based scheme of Postprocessing). By using a critically-sampled scheme of preprocessing (approximation-based scheme of preprocessing), the DMWT matrix has the same dimensions of the input which should be a square matrix N1 where N must be power of 2. So, to reconstruct the original N1 matrix, a reconstruction matrix, which is the inverse (or transpose) of transformation matrix given Eq (15),

(20) (21)

aeven- row = [ X same even- row ]

to the odd- and even-rows of the column reconstructed N1 matrix which results in the N1 original reconstructed 1-D signal matrix.

3.2. Signal model


Multiple accesses are introduced in two fashions. Namely, a multiband approach by time-frequency hopping codes (proposed for multiband OFDM [2]) is studied. Secondly, multiple accesses are created by assigning a different spreading code to every user in the system (similar to multicarrier CDMA). Like in multiband OFDM, we consider DMWTCS symbols of duration T, bandwidth

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1GHz, spanning Ns =180 samples (equivalent to 180 subcarriers of OFDM) to be transmitted in different subbands.[18] y(k, n) = H(k)s(k, n) + z(k, n), (22) where z(k, n) (2 1) is a complex-valued additive white Gaussian noise vector with entities of zero mean and variance Z ; H(k) (2 2) denotes the channel frequency response according to the IEEE UWB channel model [18].We assume that the channel for a certain frequency band keeps constant within the time interval of N OFDM symbols. The (i, j )th element of H(k) is given by
i [ H (k )]i , j = X m, ,jl e j 2kf (Tl l 0 m0
i, j i + m, .jl )

CM1-CM4 channel model, we suppose that the transmitting completely understood the channel condition information. And system used DMWTCS MB-UWB, exploited BPSK map, an OFDM symbol had 180 subcarriers. Table (2) shows the parameters of the system that are used in the simulation; the bandwidth used was 1GHz and carrier frequency 6.1GHz using Daubechies-4 coefficients for Discrete Wavelet DWT and DMWTCS with level two.
Table 2: Simulation Parameters
DFT-MBUWB FFT QPSK 1GHz 64 64 CM1 CM2 CM3 CM4 DWT-MBUWB DWT QPSK 1GHz 64 64 Db4 with 1 and 2 level CM1 CM2 CM3 CM4 DMWTCSMB-UWB DMWTCS QPSK 1GHz 64 64 GHM CM1 CM2 CM3 CM4

(23)

Multicarrier Types Modulation Types bandwidth Number of sub-carriers Size of packet Wavelet type

where f is the frequency separation between two adjacent subcarriers;


i m, ,jl is the multipath gain for cluster l and ray

m between the jth transmit antenna and the ith receive antenna; the lth cluster arrives at Tl at
i, j

Channel model

and its kth ray arrives


2 X

i, j m,l

; X represents the Rayleigh's distributed random N(0,


i m, ,jl ,

4.1. Performance of MB-UWB in CM1 Channel model:


Simulations are done utilizing the IEEE 802.15.3a multi-path channel [11] to obtain a detection probability over SNR. The probability of detection becomes about 0.5 when SNR is 27dB in the IEEE 802.15.3a CM1 and CM4. The channel models consist of AWGN, IEEE 802.15.3a CM1 (Residential LOS) with a parameter shown table (1). In this section, the channel is modeled as CM1 for wide range of SNR from 0dB to 40dB. Simulation result of the proposed MB-UWB Systems is simulated as shown in Figure (4) which gives the BER performance of MB-UWB Systems in CM1 channel model. It is shown clearly that the MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS is much better than MB-UWB systems based on FFT and DWT. This is a reflection to the fact that the orthogonal bases of the Multiwavelets is much significant than the orthogonal bases used in FFT and DWT. From Figure (4) it can be seen that for BER=10-4 the SNR required for MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS about 6.5dB and for MBUWB Based on DWT and FFT have 10.5dB and 23.5dB respectively, therefore a gain of 4dB for the DMWTCS against DWT and about 17dB against FFT. As shown in Figure (4) it was found that the DMWTCS- MB-UWB is outperform significantly other than other systems for this channel model.

variable for shadowing, i.e., 20 log10 X the total energy contained in the terms

), while

m, l for each

couple (i, j ), is normalized to unity for each channel realization. For simplicity of notation, we omit the indices of k and n, and denote hi,j = [H(k)]i,j and ci,j =

that
l 0 m 0

i, j m ,l

e j 2kf (Tl

i, j

i + m, .jl )

, respectively. Thus, it shows

hi,j = Xci,j

(24)

When the Alamouti coding is applied, the system is equivalent to independent single-input single-output systems defined as [15, 17]

Fig

u j = d j + j
Where

(25)
2 2 2

= i =1 j =1 hi , j

, dj denote original symbols

before dispreading and %j is an equivalent complex Gaussian random variable with zero mean and variance & From (23), we can rewrite . Therefore, the output signal to noise ratio (SNR) in (25) can be expressed as
2 Z

= i =1 j =1 ci, j

s 2 X 2 z

(26)
2 2 2

Where

= i =1 j =1 ci , j

and 's denotes the averaged

power of transmitted symbols.

4. SIMULATION RESULTS OF THE PROPOSED MB-UWB SYSTEMS:


In this section the simulation of the proposed MB--UWB Systems in MATLAB R2010a are achieved. In this part, we used Rayleigh's distribution method to simulate the effect of antenna selection for ultra-wide band system. Under

Figure 4: BER performance of MB-UWB System in CM1 channel model

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4.2. Performance of MB-UWB in CM2 Channel model:


In this type of channel, the signal affected by the flat fading with addition to AWGN; in this case all the frequency components in the signal will be effect by a constant attenuation and linear phase distortion of the channel, which has been chosen to have a Rayleigh's distribution of IEEE 802.15.3a CM2 with a parameter shown table (1). From Figure (5) it can be seen that for BER=10-4 the SNR required for MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS about 8.5dB and for MBUWB Based on DWT and FFT have 13dB and 27dB respectively, therefore a gain of 4.5dB for the DMWTCS against DWT and about 17.5 db against FFT. As shown in Figure (5) it was found that the DMWTCS- MB-UWB is outperform significantly than other systems for this channel model.

4.4 Performance of MB-UWB in CM4 Channel model


In this section, the channel model is assumed to be selective fading channel of IEEE 802.15.3a CM4, where the parameters of the channel shown in table (1). The BER performance of proposed system and conventional systems was shown in Figure (7). From this figure, it is clearly that proposed system (MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS) is better than MB-UWB Based on DWT and FFT. The MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS has BER performance 10-4 at SNR=16dB and 19dB for MB-UWB based on DWT and the same BER performance at 35.5dB for MB-UWB Based on FFT.

4.3. Performance of MB-UWB in CM3 Channel model:


In this section, the channel model is assumed to be IEEE 802.15.3a CM3, where the parameters of the channel in this case as shown in table (1). That BER performance of MBUWB Based on DMWTCS, DWT and FFT are shown in Figure (6). It was clearly that BER performance of MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS is better than MB-UWB Based on DWT and FFT. The MB-UWB Based on DMWTCS has BER performance 10-4 at SNR=10.5dB and 16dB for MB-UWB DWT and MB-UWB Based on FFT have the same BER performance at 30.5dB. From the above results it can be concluded that the MBUWB Based on DMWTCS is most significant than the conventional systems (FFT based MB-UWB) and DWT based MB-UWB in this channel model CM3 that have been assumed.

Figure 7: BER performance of MB-UWB System in CM4 channel model

From the above results it can be concluded that the MBUWB Based on DMWTCS was most significant than the conventional systems (FFT based MB-UWB) and MB-UWB Based on DWT in the different channel models that have been assumed in these simulations.

5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we investigate the performance of the MBUWB based on DMWTCS systems under IEEE 802.15.3a UWB channel models CM1-CM4, in which the multipath effect is considered. Based on the obtained results, we can see that the MB-UWB system with based on DMWTCS provides the best performance compare with the same systems designed using FFT and DWT in the different channel models that have been assumed in this paper. The improvements are about 5dB for DWT and 20dB for FFT in all type UWB channel. In terms of performance, this method using DMWTCS cans double the data rate while keeping the same transmission range in a current MB-UWB system.

REFERENCES
[1] Snow C., Lampe L., and Schober R. 2009. "Interference Mitigation for Coded MB-OFDM UWB", IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, Vol.48, No.3, pp 223-229, September 2009. [2] Batra 2004 Multiband OFDM physical layer proposal for IEEE 802.15 Task Group 3a. IEEE P802.15-03/142r2-TG3a;.

Figure 6: BER performance of MB-UWB System in CM3

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[3] Stphane van Roy, Claude Oestges, Franois Horlin, and Philippe De Doncker A Comprehensive Channel Model for UWB Multisensor Multiantenna Body Area Networks IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 1, January 2010. [4] A.H. Muqaibel Directional modeling of ultra wideband communication channels, IET Commun., 2010, Vol. 4, Iss. 1, pp. 5162. [5] George C. Donovan, Jeffrey S. Geronimo and Douglas P.Hardin, 1998"Orthogonal polynomials and the construction of piecewise polynomial smooth wavelets", SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, vol.30, no.5, pp.1029-1056. [6] Ghavami M., Michael L.B. and Kohno R., 2007"Ultra wideband signals and systems in communication engineering," 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons. [7] Ghorashi S.A, Said F, Aghvami AH. 2006 Transmit diversity for multiband OFDM UWB systems IEE Proc Communications; vol. 153:pp5739. [8] Koga H., N. Kodama, and T. Konishi, 2003"High-speed power line communication system based on wavelet OFDM," in Proc. IEEE ISPLC 2003, Kyoto, Japan, May 2003, pp. 226-231. [9] Lakshmanan M K and H Nikookar, 2006"A review of Wavelets for Digital OFDM. Communication," Wireless Personal Communication (2006) 37: 387- 420, Springer. [10] Proakis J. G., 2005 Digital Communications, Prentice-Hall, 4th edition. [11] Saleh A. and Valenzuela R., 1987 A Statistical Model for Indoor Multipath Propagation, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 5, pp. 128-137, Feb 1987. [12] Snow C, Lampe L, Schober R. 2005 Performance analysis of multiband OFDM for UWB communication. In: IEEE international conference on communications, ICC2005, vol.4; p. 25738. [13] Tarokh V., Seshadri N., and Calderbank A. R., 1999 Spacetime block codes from orthogonal designs IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 14561467, Mar. 1999. [14] Wong S.M. and Lau C.M., 2008 Passband Simulations of Interference Impacts in the Presence of Ultra Wideband and Narrowband Systems IEEE international conference on communications, Feb. 17-20, 2008 ICACT, p. 569574. [15] Jin P., Licheng J. and Yangwang F., Multiwavelet Orthogonal CDMA, IEEE Proceedings of ICSP2000, pp.1790-1793, 2000. [16] Mohammed Z.J., VIDEO Image Compression based on Multiwavelets Transform, PhD Thesis, University of Baghdad, June 2004. [17] S. Maki, E. Okamoto, Y. Iwanami, Performance Improvement of Haar based Wavelet Packet Modulation in Multipath Fading Environment, ISCIT 2007, October 2007, Sidney, Australia. [18] Hiroki Harada, Marco Hernandez, Ryuji Kohno Multiband and Multicarrier Wavelet Packet Multiplexing for UWB Transmissions Proceedings Of The 2008 IEEE International Conference On Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB2008), Vol. 3 [19] Klaus Witrisal A Memristor-Based Multicarrier UWB Receiver ICUWB 2009 (September 9-11, 2009) [20] Chris Snow, Lutz Lampe, and Robert Schober Impact of WiMAX Interference on MB-OFDM UWB Systems: Analysis and Mitigation IEEE Transactions On Communications, Vol. 57, No. 9, September 2009 [21] M. Hernandez, R. Kohno,Signal Design for High Data Rate DS-UWB transmissions in MIMO Channels, WirelessComm 2005, June 2005, Maui Hawaii, USA. Laith Ali Abdul-Rahaim (Member IEEE) was born in Babylon-1972, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in Electronics and Communications Department from the University of Baghdad (1995)-Iraq, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the University of Technology-Iraq in 2001 and 2007 respectively. Since 2003, he has been with the University of Babylon-Iraq, where he is now head of Electrical Engineering Department. His research interests include MC-CDMA, OFDM, MIMO-OFDM, CDMA, Space Time Coding, Modulation Technique, Image processing. Samir Jasam Mohammad (Member IEEE) was born in Babylon-1959, Iraq. He received the B.Sc. degree in Electronics and Communications Department from the University of Baghdad (1984)-Iraq, M.Sc. and

Ph.D. degrees in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the University of Technology-Iraq in 1987 and 2004 respectively. Since 2004, he has been with the University of Babylon-Iraq, where he is lecturer in Electrical Engineering Department. His research interests include DVB, CDMA, Modulation Technique, Image processing.

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