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4

1.





2.



3.

4.




2


1 2






(transformation)
2
Agrobacterium (particle bombardment)


3 ( 1)

1
(
)
2

1 Third generation of GM plants (Yonekura-Sakakibara and Saito .. 2006)


4


1
1
/

Gene stacking


New selectable maker

marker antibiotic resistance marker


positive selection manitol
xylose [Mannose isomerase (manA) xylose isomerase (XylA)
]
manitol xylose
selectable marker marker free
Cre-lox MAT vector

Novel promoter

promoter
35S promoter tissue specific promoter

inducible promoter

(abiotic stress)

Chloroplast transformation

positional effects
Maternal inheritant
(pollen) chloroplast
(gene flow)


( 2) 3
1

2 Three phases of GM plant development


1 (discovery)
5 ( 1)
1 (economic crop)


1. Biotic stress
1.1
Bacillus thuringiensis Bt
(cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac gene) -enterotoxin
Lepidoptera, Diptera Coleoptera
(Alfalfa) Bt

proteinase inhibitor cystatin


proteinase inhibitor broad spectrum (Leafhopper)
proteinase inhibitor (PI) light-brown apple moth
cholesterol oxidase, lectin glucosidase (BGL1)
(sup-sucking insects)
1.2
Coat protein sense strand, antisensestrand RNA interference (RNAi) ( Papaya Ring Spot Virus),
6

( Cucumber Mosaic Virus), ( Plum


Phalaenopsis Dendrobium ( Cymbidium Mosaic Virus)

Pox

Virus),

1.3
(Defense mechanism)
hypersensitive signal molecule
ferredoxin-like protein (pflp)1 wasabi defensin protein Erwinia carotovora,
thaumatin Pythium aphanidermatum Rhizoctonia solani, germin protein (oxalate
oxidase) Sclerotinia chitinase
Phalaenopsis Oncidium
2. Abiotic stress
(drought stress),
(salt stress), (cold stress) transcription
factor, signal transduction component gene, transporter protein gene
osmolyte SacB (Levan sucrase; Bacillus subtilis) fructan
P5CS (-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase)
proline
biotic abiotic stress mtID
(Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase fungal wilts Escherichia coli

3. (Herbicide tolerance)




(Doane Market
Research, .. 2000)


bar (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase), EPSPS (3-enolpyruvyl shikimic acid5-phosphate synthase) 2, 4-D monooxygenase

Feridoxin-liked protein Erwinia carotovora selectable


marker

4. (Quality improvement)

4.1
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) C4 C3


4.2


(Ripening and senescence hormone) antisense RNAi ACC
synthase ACC oxidase2
ethylene receptor (ETR1) ethylene receptor
4.3

(Golden rice)
Erwinia uredovara (Japonica rice) (indica rice)

stacking gene ( feritin , phytate
cysteine )

(antioxidant)
-carotene 3 lycopene rapeseed
() ()
trans ( streptomyces-3hydroxysteroid oxidase phytosterols phytostanols) (forage crop)
(lignin) antisense

4.4
(Florigene)
(Suntory)
antisense

ACC synthase ACC oxydase


BetaSweet Texas A&M -carotene
50% dark maroon-purple anthocyanin
3

2 (Energy plant)


duck weed
4
1)

2) abiotic biotic stress


-
3)
(High Extractable Starch (HES) Hybrids amylase)
cellulolytic enzyme Endoglucanase (E1)

4) palmetic acid
oleic acid
3 (Biopharmaceutical farming)

3
1. Edible vaccines
herpes, , , AIDS,
, chlorela toxin B
(Streptococcus mutants)
2. Plantibodies
antibody
antibody anti-mouse major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) class II, immunoglobulin for dental caries IgG1(slgA-G), tumor-associated marker antigen (scFv
T84.66 against carcinoembryogenic antigen antibody
(plantibody factories) antibody
(heavy chain, light chain) antibody
antibody human -(1, 4)galactosyltransferase (-GalT linker gene)4

antibody regenerate

3. (Pharmaceutical protein)

Human protein C (serum protease), Human hirudin, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, Human secreted
alkaline phosphatase, Human serum albumin, Human epidermai growth factor

safflower duckweed
2
1) (Direct expression/ stable transformation)
() (constitutive expression)
(seed specific expression)
chloroplast chloroplast
chloroplast
homologous pollen chloroplast

2) (transient transformation)


(mammalian and insect cell culture)
10 100


histidine tag elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)
(Rhizosecretion) (Phytoguttation)
4 (Industrial plant)

1.

keratin
2.
(biodegradable plastic)
polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
Arabidopsis
10

3.


loblolly pine silver birch
4.
.. 2004

protein base
material fibrous glues, human elastin

amylase
biotic abiotic stress

5 (Environmental application)


(phytoremediation)
phytoremediation
ACC deaminase
nitroreductase Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)
hairy root

11

1
1.




2.

3.

2

(marker-free)
1



4.

12

5.

6.

7.

8.
()

2
1



(model)

2


(high
value product) 1

13

biomass

Edible vaccine

Edible vaccine

fiber
yield
yield


fiber


regeneration
transformation

yield

(
Arabidopsis
)

Waxy cassava

yield 9
(

-
process)

GM

tissue culture

biomass

latex

14


.. 2551 2554
3
3
1 (3 - 5 )

3

( )
2 (5-10 )

3 (10 )

15

promoter

Selectable
marker

regenerate

1
Nemesia
strumosa

Oncidium

U. of
Tsukuba
/ Japan

Institute of
BioAgricult
ural
Sciences
/ Republic
of China

N. strumosa GM
missense mutation
melon ethylene receptor
gene (Cm-ETR1)
ethylene signal transduction

GM
ferredoxin-like
protein (pflp)

Erwinia carotovora

melon
ethylene
receptor
gene

CaMV35S

nptII gene

Stem
/A.tumefaciens
strain GV2260

N/A

promoter
2x
4x CaMV35S
floral specific promoter


ethylene

risk assessment

Cui et al., 2004

hpt gene

Protocorm
Protocormliked
bodies (PLBs)
/

3.4%

ferredoxin-like protein

E. carotovora

selectable marker

PLBs

selectable marker

Liau et al.,
2003

CmETR1/H69A

Pflp gene

CaMV35S

A. tumefaciens
strain
EHA105

You et al.,
2003

16

Phalaenopsis

Chiba U.
/japan

GM wasabi
defensin protein

Erwinia carotovora

wasabi
defensin
gene /

promoter

Selectable
marker

CaMV35S

hpt gene

Wasabia
japonica

Embryogenic
cell suspension
/

regenerate

78 %



wasabi
defensin
risk assessment

Sjahril et al.,
2006

A. tumefaciens
strain EHA101

U. of

(Microprojectile
bombardment)

bar gene

CaMV35S

bar gene

PLBs / particle
bombardment

10 %

risk assessment

Knapp et al.,
2003

National
Taiwan U.
/ Taiwan

GM CymMV
coat protein pepper
ferredoxin-like protein
(gene stacking)

Cymbidium Mosaic Virus


Erwinia

CymMV coat
protein
cDNA (CP)

sweet
pepper
ferredoxinlike protein
cDNA (Pflp)

Ubiquitin

CaMV35S

hpt gene

PLBs/ particle
bombardment

N/A

risk assessment

Chan et al.,
2005

GM
CymMV coat
protein
Cymbidium
Mosaic Virus

CymMV coat
protein
cDNA (CP)
/Cymbidium

CaMV35S

hpt gene

PLBs/ particle
bombardment

N/A

risk assessment

Chang et al.,
2005

GM
CymMV coat
protein
Cymbidium
Mosaic Virus

CymMV coat
protein
cDNA (CP)
/Cymbidium

Maize
Ubiquitin
promoter

hpt gene

Protocormliked
bodies (PLBs)/
particle
bombardment

N/A

risk assessment

Chan and
Chan, 2005

Brassia,
Rhode
Cattleya,
Island
Doritaenopsis /USA

Phalaenopsis

carotovora

Dendrobium

Phalaenopsis
CH835

National
Taiwan U.
/ Taiwan

National
Taiwan U.
/ Taiwan

A.
tumefaciens

strain EHA101

sinesis

sinesis

17

IRRI
(IR68899B)

Gen. &
Biochem.
Divis. /
Philippines

GM (Bt-rice)
stem borer

cryIA(b) /
Bacillus
thuringiensis

Taipei 309

hybrid cv.
H62-4671

U. of
Hawaii/
USA

sugarcane polyubiquitin
promoters 2
maize Ubi-1 promoter
ubi9

maize Ubi-1 ubi4


ubi4
ubi9
MAR
(Flanking Nuclear Matrix
Attachment Regions)
construct ubi9

GM
Phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxylase (pepc)

CO2
C4

Gus gene

Indica rice

U. of
Calcutta,
India
Agriculturl

maize pepc
gene

promoter

CaMV

35S

sugarcane
polyubiquitin
promotersub
i4 ubi9

maize Ubi-1
promoter

maize pepc
gene
promoter

Selectable
marker
cotransformed
with plasmid
pGL2
(hygromycin
phosphotransf
erase gene)

hygromycire
sistance(hpt)
gene

Kanamycin
resistance
(nptII gene)

hpt gene

nptII gene

regenerate

Embryogenic
calli /
Bombardments

20%



risk assessment

M. F. Alam, et
al.,1999

()

mature seed
scutellum/

N/A

promoter

promoter
target genes
Heat
stress tolerance ubi
4

Wei et al.,
2003

N/A

Bandyopadhyay
et al., 2007

A. tumefaciens
strain EHA105

()
embryogenic
callus / particle
bombardment

Embryo genic
calli / biolistic
transformation.

18

Bt-Indica
Basmati rice
B-370

U. of
Punjab
/Pakistan

4 inbred
lines

Chinese
Academy
of Sci./
China

Chinese
Aca.of Agr.
Sci./ China

Eggplants

U. of DelhiSouth
Campus/
India

promoter

Selectable
marker

regenerate

cry1Ac
cry2A genes

CaMV 35S

N/A

N/A

N/A

gus-intron
(uidA-intron)
/E. coli

CaMV35S

bar gene

risk assessment
Bt-Indica Basmati rice
B-370

Agrobacterium

GM

carnation ACC synthase


sense antisense
orientation
ethylene

DC-ACS1
/ carnation
(sACS

2,4-D
GM 2,4-D
monooxygenase (tfdA) gene
GM
mannitol
abiotic stress (
)

biotic stress (
)

2,4-D
monooxygen
ase (tfdA)
gene
Mannitol-1phosphate
dehydrogena
se (mtlD)/

(phosphinot
hricin
acetyltransfe
rase gene;
PPTresistant)

CaMV35S

hpt gene

nptII gene



risk assessment

Bashir et al.,
2005

2.59-4.20%

Xueqing Huang
& Zhiming Wei,
2005

A. tumefaciens

N/A


ethylene

risk assessment

Iwazaki et al.,
2004

N/A



risk assessment

Zhang et al.,
2001

32-73 %


abiotic stress
biotic stress

mtlD

risk assessment

Prabhavathi et
al., 2002

Immature
Embryos / A.

tumefaciens
strain EHA105,
LBA4404
and nopaline
GV3101

strain EHA101

transgene
aACS
transgene)

E. coli

CaMV35S

nptII gene

N/A

CaMV35S

nptII gene

Leaf disc/

A. tumefaciens
strain
LBA4404

Prabhavathi
and Rajarn,
2007

19

promoter

Leaf strips/

N/A



risk assessment

Millar et al.,
2007

A. tumefaciens

N/A


ethylene

risk assessment

Xiong et al.,
2005

N/A

N/A

risk assessment

S.E. Cowgill &


H.J. Atkinson,
2003

leaf discs /
A.tumefaciens

N/A

risk assessment

Urwin
et al., 2001

U. of
London/
UK

GM
cinnamate
4-hydroxylase (CYP73A24)

antioxidant (rutin
naringenin)

sense
CYP73A24

CaMV35S

nptII gene

Shanghai
Academy
of Agri.
Sci./ China

GM
1Aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate oxidase (ACO)
RNA interference
(RNAi)
ethylene

RNAi

ACO gene

CaMV35S

hpt gene

U. of
Leeds/ UK

GM
protease
inhibitor 2
leafhopper

U. of
Leeds/ UK

potato cyst nematode


(Globodera pallida)
GM
cysteine proteinase inhibitor

chicken egg
white
cystatin
(CEWc)

N/A

Kanamycin
resistance

A. tumefaciens

strain LBA4404

(Neomycin
phosphotran
sferase
gene; nptII)

and
oryza
cystatin
I (Oc-I_D86)
cysteine
proteinase
inhibitor

regenerate

Selectable
marker

CaMV35S
(constitutive
promoter)

N/A

LBA4404

20

Shallots

promoter

Selectable
marker

wound-inducible (win3.12)

Gus (uidA)
reporter
gene/ hybrid
poplar

woundinducible
(win3.12)
promoter

nptII

U. of Delhi
/ India

GM
thaumatin
Pythium

thaumatin
gene /

CaMV35S

nptII gene

aphanidermatum and
Rhizoctonia solani

U. of
Victoria

/Canada

Monsanto
Company
/USA

Petioles/

A.tumefaciens

regenerate
100%
regeneration

strain MP90

Thaumatoco
ccus daniellii

GM
Streptomyces

3Streptomyces 3hydroxysteroi
hydroxysteroid oxidase
d oxidase

gene
phytosterols
/
S.hygroscopi
photostanols
cus
photostanols
LDL cholesterol
serum phytosterols

Wagening
GM
Cry1Ca
U./
Bt-toxin
H04 /
B.thuringiensis
Natherlands
chrysanthemum Rubissco
small subunit promoter
beet armyworm
100 %
Samuel

Sense
Roberts
sense antisense
Noble
antisense 2
COMT

Found./
lignin
USA
Alfalfa antisense

caffeic acid 3-O-

leaf disc/

Agrobacterium

N/A

strains
LBA4404

napin
promoter

chloroplast
targeting
signal
sequence

Rubissco
SSU
promoter

nptII gene

Bean

promoter




thaumatin

risk assessment


risk assessment

Yevtushenko et
al., 2004

Rajam et al.,
2007

hypocotyls
(B. napus )

Cotyledon
(G. max) /

N/A

Venkatramesh

Callus from
mature
embryos /

3.68 %

bulbs risk
assessment

Zheng et al.,
2005

N/A

lignin

Guo et al.,
2001

et al., 2002

A.tumefaciens

hpt gene

A.tumefaciens

strain AGL0

(constitutive
promoter)
Phenylalanin
e ammonialyase (PAL2
promoter)

Bar gene

Embryogenic
calli /
A.tumefaciens

21

Royal Gala

Samuel
Roberts
Noble
Found./
USA

Samuel
Roberts
Noble
Found./
USA

Victorian
AgriBiosci.
Centre
/ Australia

/
methyl- transferase (COMT)
s lignin
caffeoyl coenzyme 3-Omethyltransferase
(CCoAOMT)
G lignin

Cytochrome P450
antisense 3
lignin
Alfalfa
cinnamate
4-hydroxylase (C4H),
coumaroyl shikimate 3hydroxylase(coumarate 3hydroxylase ; C3H)
coniferaldehyde 5hydroxylase (ferulate 5hydroxylase; F5H)

antisense
hydroxycinnamoyl CoA :
Shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl
transferase (HCT)
lignin

GM
proteinase inhibitor (PI)

Epiphyas postvittiana (lightbrown apple moth)

promoter

CCoAOMT

vascular
tissue
specific
promoter

antisense
C4H (M.
sativa), C3H
(Arabidopsis)
F5H (M.
sativa)

PAL2

antisense

HCT /
alffalfa

PAL2

/ alffalfa

proteinase
inhibitor
(PI)/
N. alata

Selectable
marker

regenerate

nptII gene

Leaf disc
/A.tumefaciens
strain GV3101

N/A

lignin

risk assessment

Reddyet al.,
2005

Leaf disc /

N/A

lignin

risk assessment


proteinase
inhibitor
risk assessment

Shadle et al.,
2007

Bean
vascular
tissue
specific
promoter

bar gene

A.tumefaciens

strain GV3101
Bean
vascular
tissue
specific
promoter
2x CaMV35S

risk assessment

promoter

promoter

nptII gene

leaf disc /

Agrobacterium
strains
LBA4404
CZ707

2.86 % (strains
LBA4404)
0.55 % (strains
CZ707)

Maheswaranet
al., 2007

22

promoter

Selectable
marker

regenerate

Duckweed

U. of
GM
Kebangsaan stem borer
Malaysia
/Malaysia

cryIA(b)

Wageningen GM
U./ Nether granule-bound
lands
starch synthase I (GBSSI)
antisense
amylose-free starch



North
GM
Carolina
Endoglucanase (E1)
State U.
Acidothermus
cellulolyticus
/USA

Antisense

GBSSI

gene
/ B.

rubisco
promoter

hpt gene

Immature
Embryos/
Bombardments

81% transient
expression

nptII gene

Friable
embryogenic
callus
/ Particle
Bombardment

N/A

nptII gene

A. tumefaciens

N/A

thuringiensis

Endoglucana
se (E1)
/Acidotherm

us
cellulolyticus

CaMV35S

CaMV35S

transgenic Lee et al.,


plant
2006
GUS histochemical assay

hygromycin


Immature
Embryos

variegated

Raemakers
et al., 2005

CaMV35S

E1

overxepression

E1
duckweed GM

Sun et al.,
2007

23

U.de de
So Paulo
/Brazil

GM
soybean proteinase
inhibitors 2
SBBI SKTI
sugarcane
borer Diatraea saccharalis

Louisiana
State U.
Agr.l
Center
/ USA

rice
ubiquitin promoter (RUBQ2)
maize Ubi-1
promoter CaMV35s
promoter
RUBQ2 promoter
gus

soybean
proteinase
inhibitors

Gus gene

promoter

Selectable
marker

regenerate

maize
ubiquitin
promoter
(Ubi-1)

nptII gene

Embryogenic
callus /particle
bombardment

N/A






risk assessment

Falco
and Silva-Filho,
2003

rice ubiquitin
promoter
(RUBQ2)

nptII gene

Embryogenic
callus / A.
tumefaciens
strain LBA
4404 and AGL1

15%

promoter

Liu et al., 2003

anti MHC
class II monoclonal
antibody

GM

plantiboby

plantiboby

GM (GT6)
-GalT

Hong et al.,
2007

Chonbuk
National
U./ Korea

anti-mouse major
histocompatibility complex
(MHC) class II monoclonal
antibody GM

Anti-MHC
class II
heavy and
light chain
gene
/ mouse

CaMV35S

hpt gene

Leaf disc/
A. tumefaciens
strain LBA4404

N/A

Osaka U./
Japan

GM
mouse monoclonal antibody

stacking gene
(GT6)
human
-(1,4)-galactosyltransferase
(-GalT)

heavy and
light chain
gene
/ mouse

CaMV35S

hpt gene

Cell
suspension/
A. tumefaciens
strain
LBA4404

N/A

Fujiyama et

al., 2007

24

Bright
Yellow 2
(BY2)

Universit
de Rouen


heavy
light chain mouse
monoclonal antibody
Fc
region Heavy chain

-GalT
GM

terminal sialic
acids N-linked
glycans
(recombinant
pharmaceutical proteins)
halflife

/France

Rutgers U.
/ USA

Arizona
State U.
/USA

GM
human
secreted alkaline phosphatase
(SEAP) hairy root

recombinant protein hairy


root (Rhizosecretion)

adventitious
transgenic roots 57
GM
particle
2 hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg)
Norwalk virus
capsid protein (NVCP)

Neu5Ac
lyase / E.
coli

promoter

Selectable
marker

CaMV35S

nptII gene

Neu5Ac
synthase
(neuB2) /
C.jejuni
human
secreted
alkaline
phosphatase
(SEAP)

HBsAg

NVCP

CaMV35S

nptII gene

2X CaMV 35S
promoter
5
UTR
tobacco etch
virus

nptII gene

()
suspensioncultured cells/
A. tumefaciens
strain LBA4404

regenerate

N/A

recombinant
pharmaceutical proteins
GM

Paccalet
et al., 2007

A. rhizogenes

N/A

Rhizosecretion
biopharmaceutical
plant
root specific
promoter rol
constitutive
promoter

Gaume et al.,
2003

Leaf disc/

N/A

plant
vaccines

risk assessment

Huang et al.,
2005

()
suspensioncultured cells /
A. tumefaciens
strain AGL-1

A. tumefaciens
strain
LBA4404

25

promoter

Selectable
marker

regenerate

N/A

N/A

Drake et al.,
2003

N/A

chloroplast

Patel et al.,
2007

Guys
Hospital
/UK

murine
monoclonal IgG1
Rhizosecretion
hydroponic

gelatin
gelatin
IgG

murine
monoclonal
IgG1

N/A

N/A

Agr. &
AgriFood
Canada
/ Canada

GM
elastin-like
polypeptide (ELP)
thermally responsive tags

(pIL4-HIS,
pIL4-ELP,
pIL10-HIS,
pIL10-ELP,

MaSp2-ELP

2x CaMV35S

N/A

Leaf discs/

A. tumefaciens s

4
Silver brich
(Betula

pendula

U.of
Helsinki/
Finland

Roth)

loblolly pine

East
Carolina
University/
USA

Silver
brich GM
4-coumarate :
coenzyme A ligase (4CL)
2 leaf
litter Mycorrhiza

GM
mannitol-1-phosphate
dehydrogenase (Mt1D)
glucitol-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (GutD)

antisense

4CL / brich

CaMV35S

Mt1D
GutD
construct

CaMV35S

nptII gene

A. tumefaciens

N/A

risk assessment

Seppanen et
al., 2007

nptII gene

Cullus
mature zygotic
embryos /

6.214.1%



risk assessment

Tang et al.,
2005

strain C58C1

A. tumefaciens
strain LBA
4404

26

ChristianAl
brecht U./
Germany

/
GM
spider silkelastin fusion proteins
4%
total soluble protein

synthetic
spider silk
protein
(SO1)

elastic
biopolymer
100xELP

promoter

Selectable
marker

CaMV35S

nptII gene

Leaf discs/

A. tumefaciens

regenerate
N/A

N/A

Scheller et al.,
2004

strain 2260

indica rice
cv. IR64

Plant Mol.
& Cell.
Gen./
India

U. of
Waterloo/
Canada

U. of
Waterloo/
Canada

GM

Allium sativum leaf
lectin (asal ) RNA

sap sucking insect
pests (brown planthopper
and green leafhopper)

T0
T1

CaMV 35S rolD


promoter

canola
ACC
deaminase

GM ACC deaminase

Mannose
binding
Allium
sativum leaf
agglutinin
(Actin,
ASAL)
Gene/
Allium
sativum

ACC
deaminase/
Pseudomona
s putida

CaMV35S

hpt gene

Cullus from
immature
seed/

12.1 %



risk assessment

Cullus/

N/A

Cullus/

N/A

canola
ACC deaminase
rolD
promoter


canola



risk assessment

A. tumefaciens
strain EHA105

CaMV35S

N/A

rolD (root
specific
promoter)

ACC
rolD (root
deaminase / specific
Pseudomonas promoter)
putida UW4

N/A

Agrobacterium
tumefaciens

A.tumefaciens

Prasenjit Saha

et al., 2006

Stearns et al.,
2005

Farwell et al.,
2007

27

Nat.
Botanical
Res. Ins./
India

cry1EC/
Bacillus
thuringiensis

U. of
Waterloo/
Canada

GM
hybrid endotoxin

polyphagous lepidopteran
pest

promoter 3 promoter
2x CaMV 35S, root specific
expression (rolD)
pathogenesis related (PRB1b)
(phytoremediation)

ACC
deaminase

U. of
Ottawa/
Canada

ACC
deaminase/

Pseudomona
s putida

Hebrew U.
of
Jerusalem
/Israel

CaMV35S

nptII gene

CaMV35S

N/A

regenerate

potato leaf and stem specific


promoter (ST-LS1)

cry2Aa2/

(whiteflies)
GM bglucosidase gene (BGL1)

Aspergillus
niger bglucosidase
(EC
3.2.1.21)
gene (BGL1)

Bacillus
thuringiensis

nptII gene

homologous,
single copy T2
risk
assessment

Singh et al.,
2004

A. tumefaciens

N/A

Grichko et al.,
2000

Leaf disc/

N/A


ACC
deaminase
PRB-1b
promoter



risk assessment

promoter crop
plant

A. tumefaciens

Zaidi et al.,
2005

strain
LBA4404

potato leaf
and stem
specific
promoter
N/A

N/A

rolD (root
specific
promoter)

ST-LS1

Leaf disc/
A. tumefaciens
strain
LBA4404

PRB-1b
(pathogenesi
s related
promoter)

cry2Aa2

promoter

Selectable
marker

N/A

N/A

N/A



risk assessment

Wei et al.,
2007

28

U. of
Ottawa/
Canada

potato leaf and stem specific


promoter (ST-LS1)

cry2Aa2

cry2Aa2/

Bacillus
thuringiensis

promoter

ST-LS1
potato leaf
and stem
specific
promoter

Selectable
marker

nptII gene

Leaf disc/

A. tumefaciens

regenerate
N/A

promoter crop
plant

strain
LBA4404

29

1. .

113
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23 10110
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30

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10900
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31

21.


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. . 73140
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034-351-980
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034-351-980

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02-354-7160
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043-364-169
E-Mail: sumbun@kku.ac.th
27. .

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043-203-435
E-Mail: yupa_han@kku.ac.th

28. .

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053-892-259
E-Mail: soanun@science.cmu.ac.th

29. .

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053-878-225
E-Mail: chotipas@mju.ac.th

32


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054-342-550
E-Mail: pattamasirithunya@yahoo.com

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10520
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02-326-4414
E-Mail: kskanokp@kmitl.ac.th

32.
()
19 . . .
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E-Mail: subinh@chmenthai.co.th

33. .
Genome Institute

113
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0 2564 6701
E-Mail: somvong.tra@biotec.or.th

34. .

113
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E-Mail: oraprapai@biotec.or.th
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113
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113
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113
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113
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33

39.

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034 351908
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034 351908

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113
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0 2564 6701
E-Mail: siriporn@biotec.or.th
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113
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0 2564 6701
E-Mail: tanaporn@biotec.or.th

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10400
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10400
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10400
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35

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