HYDROCITY

Natalee Tan 10/9/2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Research Formal Investigation Site Analysis Program

3-7 8-13 14-18 19-23

Christchurch Rivers Christchurch and the Avon River Avon River Post-Earthquake (Land and water pollution) Water treatment methods

Research

Natalee Tan

Christchurch Rivers

There are 19 rivers in the Canterbury region. The three main ones located in Christchurch are Waimakariri, Heathcote and Avon. Each river has their own unique characteristic. Waimakariri river is a braided river. Heathcote is known to be an urban drain. The Avon in particular is important as it is a river located at the heart of the city center.
1

H Heathcote RIver
3 5

W
4

WAIMA KARIRI RIVER

Heathcote river is the less attractive counterpart compared to Avon river due to the industrial waste discharged into its waters in the past causing the water to be polluted. Besides being a Maori settlement in the past, european settlers used Heathcote for transport. Today, not much has changed, Heathcote river functions more as an urban drain rather than a natural waterway.

A
CHRISTCHURCH CITY

16

15

17

13

12 10

18

LAKE ELLESMERE

11

AKAROA
14

19

A Avon RIver
Avon river orginates from a spring source in Avonhead and exits to the river through the estuary. In the past, Avon river was a place for early maori settlement for its abundance of resources such as ounder, eels, ducks, whitebait. Over the years, Avon river has been an important natural recreational site within an urban context, with its banks lined with many buildings that are now classi ed at heritage sites. After the earthquake, Avon river had been classi ed as being in the red zone and many proposals have been thrown to restore the park and make it better than before.

Flows in a southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Paci c Ocean. The river is braided, with wide shingle beds. It had the potential for a hydroelectric dam but it was never realized. Its river mouth is very mobile has been known to cause oods in the past. It a popular destination for jetboating.

W Waimakariri River

Research

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Christchurch and the Avon river

The area around the Avon River has been populated since before the 1850s for food, water and transportation. The arrangement of buildings around the river developed from scattered Maori villages to the colonials structured grid. The present gridded roads meant that water transportation was no longer required at the Avon river. Today, the river is one of the few natural commodities within the bustling city.

Waimakariri

Waimakariri

Waimakariri

avon

avon

avon

heathcote

heathcote

heathcote

Maori settlement (pre 1850s)

Ngi Tahu, Ngti Mamoe and Waitaha had a number of kinga and p randomly placed through the length of the Avon river where there was an abundancy of natural resources sourced from springs, waterways, wetlands, grasslands and forest.

Colonial settlement (1850-1960)

Canterbury Association laid Christchurch out as a rectangular grid on drier land up the Avon River. The uniform grid was relieved by open river banks, two diagonal streets and four open squares.

Present (2012)
Much of the city had built buildings Around avon river, many of which are heritage buildings that had to be demolished due to the earthquakes damage to the riverbanks. Avon-Otakaro Network (AvON) is campaigning to turn the red zoned river into a park shared by the community and also one that connects the city to the estuary.

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11

15

Research

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Avon River Post-Earthquake (Land and water pollution)

The land and water at the Avon river was severely a ected by the earthquake. Pressure mains were damaged and this led to the area being prone to ooding and erosion. The consequences of ooding contributed to water pollution. Levels of E.coli found in water well exceeded the 260 MPN/100ml limit which is a risk towards human health.

LAND POLLUTION
KEY A estimated daily out ow volume m3/day
A

led to

WATER POLLUTION
KEY

pump over ow updated length of pressure main renewal (m) pressure main renewal land status: land repair would be prolonged and uneconomic

Avon River at Antigua St Avon River at Manchester St Avon River at Dallington Avon River at Kerrs Reach Avon River at Pages Rd

97m 542 736 1708 822

2786.4 1036.8

959m
2565

180m

736
2786.4 748.8 194.4

1036.8

3888

4742

E.coli (MPN/100mL)

1510

372

3888

Research

10/10/2011 10/12/2011 10/14/2011 10/16/2011 10/18/2011 10/20/2011 10/22/2011 10/24/2011 10/26/2011 10/28/2011 10/30/2011 11/1/2011 11/3/2011 11/5/2011 11/7/2011
Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

180m

2565

1233

260

HYDROCITY

Water treatment methods

Water pollution can be treated through 3 methods: Mechanical, aquatic and land. Through my investigation, Im particularly interested in treating water naturally without chemicals or mechanical assistance. Which leads to my formal investigation of using natural lters to lter contaminated water. Land Treatment

Mechanical

Aquatic

Oxidation ditch Extended aeration Sequencing batch reactor Trickling lter Acid Neutralisation Activated carbon ltration Ozonization Settling Reverse Osmosis Distillation

Chlorination Water softener Ultra ltration Nano ltration Micro ltration Ion exchange resins Ultraviolet radiation Boiling Septic tanks De ltration

Overland ow Rapid in ltration Subsurface in ltration Subsurface ow Slow-rate Sediment ltration Slow sand ltration Fast sand ltration

Facultative Aerated Free water surface Constructed wetlands Aquaculture Water Hyacinths Duckweed Intermittent Recirculating Sand lters

Research

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Exploring the methods of natural filtration to inform my architectural design

Formal investigation

Natalee Tan

Filtering

My research on water pollution at the Avon river led me to nd ways to lter water using natural materials. I constructed a simple lter with 3 layers of perforated screens. Poured a liquid through the screens and captured the resulting liquid through lter paper at di erent levels of the tower. Using the following apparatus, I experimented with various liquids, screens and lter papers to inform an architectural language.

Liquid Dyed water, plunger co

ee

Screens

sand, rock, coal, clay

Filter paper cupcake casing, paper towel, watercolour paper

Formal Investigation

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Filtering results

10

1) Filtering through rocks and sand removed some of the sand sediments, however water remained blue. 2) Filtering through clay removed all sand sediments, however water remained blue. 3) Filtering through coal removed all sand sediment and the contaminated water becomes clear.

1) ROCK AND SAND SCREENS

watercolour paper paper towels cupcake casings

2)CLAY

Level 1

sand

3)COAL

rock/charcoal/clay

Level 2
Level 1

Drainage

Level 2

Level 3

Level 3

Formal Investigation

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

2D to 3D forms

11

Further analysis of the droplets informed my 3d volumes. Layering the 3 droplets on top of each other: Level 1s droplet forms the roof, Level 2s droplet forms the oor and Level 1s droplet forms the ground. Lofting these three layers together create a funnel type shape which is held up by extrusions of the sand sediments (highlighted in blue).

test 1

test 2

test 3

SAND

LEVEL 1 Sediments > Liquid

LEVEL 2 Liquid > Sediments

LEVEL 3 Mainly liquid

Formal Investigation

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

3D forms

12

Formal Investigation

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

3D forms in context

13

These columns extruded from the sand sediments have the potential to be more than just load bearing structures, for example: - Harvesting rainwater from the roof - Serve as pipes that lter water for safe consumption - Water plants and slow down the release of water to the rivers to prevent ooding.

Formal Investigation

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

14

Group site Group site arrangement Market site conditions Market site proposal

Site

Natalee Tan

15

Group site

Site chosen is located in the heart of the CBD, north of Cathedral Square. The buildings around the site are mostly commercial which includes o ces and some restaurants. There are also carparks on both sides of the road and river. The Avon river ows along the site, opening up opportunities to incorporate water into our designs.

N
Kilmore St

Indochine Restaurant

1:50000 plan of selected site in Christchurch CBD Colombo St

Riverview Restaurant

Simes Mreinz Real Estate Education Review O ce CG Printing centre

Manchester St

Cambridge Terrace
China Travel Service House of Travel

Avon ri
Copthorne Hotel

ver

Oxfor d
Beca

Terrac e

Vic & Whale Restaurant Westpac Vodafone NZ ltd

BNZ

Simes Ltd Rent shop

cathedral square

Armagh St

1:1000 plan of selected site, north of Cathedral Square

1:200 detailed plan of site (pre-earthquake)

Site

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Group site arrangement

16

Taking the areas left behind from demolished buildings (due to the earthquake) into consideration, as a group weve selected three areas for developing our projects. 1) Residential (Sophia Kim) 2) Market (Natalee Tan) 3) Hybrid building (Daniel Yang) A group decision was made to alter the vehicle routes of Cambridge Terrace and Oxford Terrace into an all pedestrian route.

N
Kilmore St

1
Indochine Restaurant

Simes Mreinz Real Estate

Riverview Restaurant

Education Review O ce

CG Printing centre

Colombo St

Manchester St

Key
demolished buildings Boundary lines Connection between 3 sites through pedestrian routes

Cambridge Terrace
China Travel Service House of Travel

Avon ri
Copthorne Hotel

ver

1 2 3

Residential (Sophia) Market (Natalee) Hybrid (Daniel)

Oxfor d
Beca

Terrac e

Vic & Whale Restaurant Westpac Vodafone NZ ltd

3
Armagh St

BNZ

Simes Ltd Rent shop

1:200 detailed plan of site (post-earthquake)

Site

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Market site conditions

Indochine Restaurant

17

The four storey Education Review O ce/PGC building which collapsed during the earthquake opens up new area for development. The landmarks around the site include a band rotunda which has now been demolished. There is a reasonable amount of green space and vacant land available , accounting two thirds of the entire area.

Simes Mreinz Real Estate

Education Review O ce

CG Printing centre

Site

Colombo St

Manchester St

Riverview Restaurant
Cambridge Terrace

ERO/PCG o ce demolished

China Travel Service

House of Travel

Avon ri
Copthorne Hotel
1:100 detailed plan of market site

ver
Band Rotunda demolished
1929 constructed by Thomas Edmonds 1986 converted into restaurant 2012 demolished

Oxfor d
Beca

Terrac e
River Green space 26% Vacant land 33%

Breaking up the site

Road: 2687 sqm, 37% Vacant land:2401sqm, 33% Green:1908 sqm, 26% River: 282 sqm, 4% TOTAL :7278 sqm

Vic & Whale Restaurant Westpac Vodafone NZ ltd

3
Armagh St

BNZ

Simes Ltd Rent shop Road 37%

View from Oxford Terrace, band rotunda on the right

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Market site proposal

18

Like the Colonials arrangement of the grid for Christchurch, Im proposing my building to be incorporated through an extension of the grid across the river. The new route will allow pedestrians from Oxford Terrace to cross Avon River to get to the markets site.

N
Kilmore St

1
Indochine Restaurant

Simes Mreinz Real Estate

Riverview Restaurant

Education Review O ce Cambridge Terrace

CG Printing centre

Key
Manchester St demolished buildings Boundary lines extended grid route

Colombo St

China Travel Service

House of Travel

Avon ri
Copthorne Hotel

1
ver

Residential (Sophia) Market (Natalee) Hybrid (Daniel)

2 3

Oxfor d
Beca

Terrac e

1:1000 plan showing extended grid (in red) across the river

Vic & Whale Restaurant Westpac Vodafone NZ ltd

3
Armagh St

BNZ

Simes Ltd Rent shop

1:200 detailed plan of market site with extended grid route

Site

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

19

Program Proposal Program Precedents Sub-programs Relationship between sub-programs

Program

Natalee Tan 10/9/2012

Program proposal
Market place on the riverfront.

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A market that revitalizes the Avon rivers neighbourhood, utilizing the riverbanks as a place for activity rather than ugly carpark space. Creates a public space for the locals. Becomes a tourist destination. Provides economic opportunity by linking urban and rural communities without a middle man/taxes. Promotes public health.

Program

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Program precedents

21

Kariakoo market is the heart of the commercial centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The building is categorized into piazza, primary market, secondary markets and carparks. The market has become a exible space which constantly changes over the years. The positions of the stalls moved from the interior of the building to the exterior perimeter of the building and streets adjacent to it, leaving the interior for more expensive retail stores. Rain water is harvested from the tree like canopies and ows into the storage tanks in the basement. Kariakoo market exterior Kariakoo market concept

Rain water harvesting

Rain water storage tanks

12% 38% primary market piazza

carpark secondary market

25%

secondary market
25%

Kariakoo market plan organization

Program

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Sub-programs

22

Comparing the scales between Dar es Salaam and Chritchurch to get an estimated scale for the market. Using similar program break downs from Kariakoo market to inform my design approach for sub-programs.

Dar es Salaam population : 2.6 million

Kariakoo Market (1000sqm) 55000 visitors (2% of population) 1558 stalls (35 visitors per stall)

Christrchurch market (7278sqm market) 6968 visitors (2% of population) 199 stalls (6968 visitors/35 visitors per stalls=199 stalls)

Christchruch population : 348,400

1000sqm 12% public space 12% public space 12% public space

7278sqm 12% public space 6% green space 6% seating area 6% green space 6% seating area 6% green space 6% seating area 8 % hot food 5 % vegetables 5 % meat & sh 5% artisan products 5% beverages 5% fruits and nuts 5% dairy bread,cheese

38 % primary market

38 % primary market

38 % primary market

38% food market

25 % secondary market

25 % arts and crafts

25 % arts and crafts 15 % performance stage 8 % toilets 2% eftpos 2% trashcans

88 % Stalls and services

50 % secondary market

25 % secondary market

88 % Stalls and services

50 % secondary market

25 % services

Program

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY

Relationship between sub-programs

23

Deriving the ow between sub-programs by relating proportions of droplets from my formal investiagation to proportions required for the sub-programs of the market.
50% 50% 50% 25% 25% 100% 50% 25% 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 50%

100%

50% 50%

50%

100%

50% 100% 75%

100% 25% 50% 50% 75% 25%

100% 75% 25%25% 25% 100%

100% 25% 25%

50% 50%

50%

25% 25% 75% 100% 75% 50% 25% 100%

100% 75% 100% 100% 25% 100%

100%

50% 50% 25%

50%

75%

25%

food/beverages

seating

arts

services arts arts arts food/beverages services arts food/beverages arts arts food/beverages arts food/beverages food/beveragesarts arts food/beverages food/beverages food/beverages arts services services services seating services

arts

services

arts food/beverages food/beverages food/beverages services food/beverages arts services food/beverages services food/beverages arts services seating seating seating services services food/beverages services food/beverages arts food/beverages seating food/beverages services seating

arts arts

arts services

Program

Daniel Y. Sophia K. Natalee T.

HYDROCITY