JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 16, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
8
Color Image Compression Using Two DimensionsDiscrete Wavelet Transform (2D-DWT)
Samir J. AL- Muraab
ABSTRACT:
More applications of advanced communication systems (Mobile, Internet, Satellite) need small or narrow channel capacity in order toincrease the information bit rate/sec, so we use the information Compression process. This study presents a system for color image compression typeJPEG by using Two Dimension Discrete Wavelet Transform [2D- DWT], with some digital signal processing techniques. The results of this system are 50%compression with good accuracy and 75% compression with suitable accuracy, and with consideration the image size for display process. All programs,graphics, and the results are accomplished by using MATLAB version (7).
Index Terms
Two Dimensions Discrete Wavelet Transform 2D-DWT, Color Image Compression, Color Image Decompression.
———————————————— • Samir J. AL- Muraab is with the Babylon University- college of Engineering.
1.
INTRODUCTION
For huge volume of multimedia (audio, video andgraphics) and without compression we need more storagecapacity and large transmission bandwidth. The increasinguse of digital images and growth
of data intensivemultimedia based web applications have cause muchpressure on the researchers to find the way of using theimages in the web applications more effectively. Internet
teleconferencing, High Definition Television (HDTV), satellitecommunications and digital storage of movies are not feasiblewithout a high degree of compression. As it is, such
applications are far from realizing their full potential largely
due to the limitations of common image compression
techniques [1 2 4].Two main common compressed graphic image formats arenamely Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) which isestablished by International Standards Organization andInternational Electro-Technical Commission while theGraphic Interchange Format (GIF) method is commonlyused for line art and other images in which geometric shapesin the Internet[1 2 3 4].
2.
IMAGE
COMPRESSION
Two elementary components of compression areredundancy and irrelevancy reduction. The removing ofduplication from the signal source image means redundancyreduction. And the parts of the signal that is not noticed bythe signal receiver means irrelevancy reduction, namely theHuman Visual System (HVS). In general, three types ofredundancy can be identified [4]:(i) Spatial Redundancy or correlation betweenneighboring pixel values,(ii) Spectral Redundancy or correlation between differentcolor planes or spectral bands and(iii) Temporal Redundancy or correlation betweenadjacent frames in a sequence of images especially in videoapplications.Removing the spatial and spectral redundancies as muchas possible is mean that reducing the number of bits needed
3.
WAVELETS
FOR
IMAGE
COMPRESSION
By contractions and translations of mother wavelet on theinput data the wavelet transform uses both the spatial andfrequency correlation of data. It supports the multi-resolutionanalysis of data i.e. it can be applied to different scalesaccording to the details required, which allows progressivetransmission and zooming of the image without the need ofextra storage. And because of symmetric nature that is boththe forward and the inverse transform have the samecomplexity, building fast compression and decompressionroutines of wavelet transform. So that the characteristics ofwavelet transform well corrected for image compressioninclude the ability to take into account of Human VisualSystem’s (HVS) characteristics, very good energy compactioncapabilities, robustness under transmission, high compressionratio etc.[2].The sub band coding scheme is very similar to the schemeof implementation of wavelet compression: the signal isdecomposed using filter banks. The output of the filter banksis down-sampled, quantized, and encoded. The decoderdecodes the coded representation, up-samples andrecomposes the signal [2].We can get from information of an image, approximationand detail sub signals by using wavelet transform. Theapproximation sub signal shows the general trend of pixelvalues and other three detail sub signals show the vertical,horizontal and diagonal details or changes in the images. Thedetails can be set to zero without significantly changing theimage if it very small (less than threshold). The greater thecompression ratio means the greater the number of zeros. Ifthe energy retained (amount of information retained by animage after compression and decompression) is 100% thenthe compression is lossless as the image can be reconstructedexactly. This occurs when the threshold value is set to zero,meaning that the details have not been changed. If any valueis changed then energy will be lost and thus lossycompression occurs [2 11 12].
JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 16, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
9
4
.
JPEG
COLOR
IMAGE
COMPRESSION
METHOD
USING
HAAR
WAVELET
TECHNIQUE
In this paper, the color images are considered instead ofgray-scale image. The wavelet transforms and compressionsteps and processes are equally same to the gray-scale image but for the color images have three color components of theimages, so that when we are converted the pixel values in animage from RGB colors to YIQ colors we must computed thewavelet transform for each components of the imageseparately. These mean that the information of Y, then I, andfinally Q. Also means that the color image divided into threelayers. Then we are used the scaling function(Ø) equationsand the box basis of Haar wavelets(
!
) equations as shown inequations (1) &(2) below [2 8].Three types of thresholding are applied, namely, hardthresholding, soft thresholding, and universal thresholding [28]. These types of thresholding are stated as shown inequation (3) below[2 8]:-
5. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
We are taken the 8
×
8 color image from a specific portion ofa typical image shown in Fig.1. This image is represented asmatrix (2D array), then all the operation of averaging anddifferencing to get a new matrix to complete the process.After that we are calculated the compression ratio (CR)which it is meaning as ( the number of nonzero elements inoriginal matrix t/the number of the nonzero elements inupdated transformed matrix) for the three different types ofthresholding as in eq.(3)above, then calculated also the PSNRand the Man Squared Error (MSE) which is depended onoriginal and approximation of decompressed images asequations (4)&(5) shown below.
Fig.1:Normal JPEG Color Image
The PSNR for color scale image (8 bits/pixel) is defined by-Where MSE is the Man Squared Error defined by-Where I is original image, I1 is the approximation ofdecompressed image, and m &n are dimensions of the image.The PSNR values & compression ratio for differentthreshold values and techniques are shown in table (1).Fig. (2-9) show the original, transmitted, and thedecomposition JPEG color images for various values of
andthresholding.When increasing the value of
we show that thecalculation’s results of PSNR in case the soft thresholding areless than the hard thresholding and also the compressionratio. These mean that the performance of hard thresholdingare the best CR. And the performances of the softthresholding are better CR than the universal methods. Sothat the characteristics of each one of the three thresholdingtypes (CR, PSNR, and image quality and resolution) areaccepted depending on the type of applications.
(3)(1)(2)(5)(4)
JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 16, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
10
Table1: Compression Ratio & PSNR Values for Various
ε
and ThresholdingFig.2:Transmitted JPEG Image Fig.3: Decomp.
JPEG Image Fig.4: Transmitted JPEG Image
(No Thresholding) (No Thresholding) (Hard Thresholding
ε
=10)
Fig.5: Decomp.
JPEG
Image
Fig.6:Transmitted JPEG Image Fig.7: Decomp.
JPEG
Image
(Hard Thresholding
ε
=10) (Hard Thresholding
ε
=80)
(Hard Thresholding
ε
=80)Fig.8:Transmitted JPEG Image Fig.9: Decomp.
JPEG
Image Fig.10:Transmitted JPEG Image
(Hard Thresholding
ε
=180) (Hard Thresholding
ε
=180) (Soft Thresholding
ε
=80)
Original ImageTransformedImageThresholdCompression Ratio, PSNRDecompressedImageFig. 1Fig 2No thresholdCR=44%, PSNR=14.14 dbFig. 3Fig. 1Fig 4Hard,
ε
=10CR=44.4%, PSNR=14.1 dbFig. 5Fig. 1Fig 6Hard,
ε
=80CR=68%,PSNR=14.07 dbFig. 7Fig. 1Fig. 8Hard,
ε
=180CR=74% ,PSNR=13.767 dbFig. 9Fig. 1Fig. 10Soft,
ε
=80CR=68%,PSNR=
11.625Fig. 11Fig. 1Fig. 12Soft,
ε
=180CR=73.7%, PSNR=
7.74Fig. 13Fig. 1Fig. 14Universal thresholdCR=
59%, PSNR=14Fig. 15
Search History:
Result 00 of 00
00 results for result for
p.
Color Image Compression Using Two Dimensions Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D-DWT)
Journal of Telecommunications, ISSN 2042-8839, Volume 16, Issue 1, September 2012 http://www.journaloftelecommunications.co.uk
243
Reads
1
Readcasts
0
Embed Views
More From This User
Notes
Load more
