I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

Phc Tuyn

NGHIN CU CU TRC MNG TH H MI NGN CA VIT NAM

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh: CN in t -Vin thng

H NI - 2005

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

Phc Tuyn

NGHIN CU CU TRC MNG TH H MI NGN CA VIT NAM

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh: CN in t -Vin thng Cn b hng dn: PGS.TS Nguyn Cnh Tun

H NI - 2005

TM TT NI DUNG KHO LUN NGHIN CU CU TRC MNG TH H MI NGN CA VIT NAM

Nghin cu cu trc mng th h mi NGN ca Vit Nam kho lun trnh by v hin trng mng vin thng ca Vit Nam, phn tch nhng im thun li v kh khn v kh nng cung cp v pht trin dch v p ng nhu cu ca x hi. Kho lun trnh by nhng nhn t thc y s ra i cu trc mng th h mi NGN, nhng nghin cu ca t chc vin thng quc t ITU v NGN v gii php xy dng mng th h mi ca mt s hng cung cp thit b vin thng trn th gii. trnh by v cu trc mng NGN ca Vit Nam v l trnh Kho lun cng phn tch l trnh chuyn i sang NGN ca chuyn i t c s h tng vin thng hin ti sang cu trc mng NGN. Vit Nam theo phng thc xy dng mng li NGN, tn dng mng PSTN v ci to dn theo xu hng NGN l rt hp l v kinh t v k thut.

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Trang M U Chng 1. GII THIU MNG PSTN HIN TI CA VIT NAM 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 9 11 11 12 13 14 14 16 16 18 21 26 28 1.1.Tng quan v cu trc phn cp theo t chc vin thng quc t ITU 1.1.1. Mng ng trc 1.1.2. Mng ni ht 1.2. Cu trc v kh nng cung cp dch v ca mng vin thng hin ti 1.2.1. Cp quc t 1.2.2. Cp quc gia (lin tnh) 1.2.3. Cp ni ht 1.2.4. Kh nng cung cp dch v 1.3. Phn tch v nhn xt Chng 2. XU HNG PHT TRIN CU TRC MNG VIN THNG 2.1.Nhng ng lc thc y s chuyn i cu trc mng 2.1.1. Nhu cu pht trin ca x hi thng tin 2.1.2. Nhng bt cp ca mng PSTN hin ti 2.1.3. Xu hng pht trin 2.2.Cc nghin cu ca ITU v mng NGN v xut gii php ca mt s hng 2.2.1. Cc nghin cu ca ITU v NGN 2.2.2. Gii php ca mt s hng cung cp thit b vin thng 2.2.2.1. Gii php ca hng NEC 2.2.2.2. Gii php ca hng Siemens 2.2.2.3. Gii php ca hng Alcatel 2.3. Kt lun Chng 3. CU TRC MNG NGN CA VIT NAM 3.1. Tin trnh pht trin v cu trc mng vin thng Vit Nam 1

3.1.1. Cc mc tiu pht trin cu trc mng vin thng Vit Nam 28 29 3.1.2. Nguyn tc t chc xy dng mng vin thng th h mi 3.1.3. Xy dng cu trc mng th h mi mc tiu 31 3.2. Phn tch cc c im cu trc mng vin thng th h mi 33

3.2.1. c im cu trc lp ng dng dch v 3.2.2. c im cu trc lp iu khin 3.2.3. c im cu trc lp chuyn ti/li

33 34 36

3.2.4. c im cu trc lp truy nhp 37 37 3.2.5. c im cu trc lp qun l 3.3. Cu trc mng vin thng th h mi ca Vit Nam 3.3.1. Cu trc lp ng dng dch v 3.3.2. Cu trc lp iu khin 3.3.3. Cu trc lp chuyn ti/li 3.3.4. Cu trc lp truy nhp 3.3.5. Cu trc lp qun l 3.4. Cc giai on xy dng mng vin thng Vit Nam tin ti cu trc mng vin thng th mi mc tiu 3.4.1. Giai on xy dng mng NGN cc vng trng im 3.4.2. Giai on tin ti hon thin cu trc mng th h mi mc tiu 3.5. Nhn xt KT LUN TI LIU THAM KHO 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 45 51 53 54

Bng cc thut ng vit tt

AGW CO DSL FR GII GW IN IP IAD MGC MPLS NGN PDH POTS PSTN RAS SDH SGW SS7 TDM TGW WGW WLL Access Gateway Connective Object Digital Subcrible Line Frame Relay Global Infomation Infrastructure Gateway Intelligent Network Internet Protocol Intergrated Access Device Media Gateway Controller Multi Protocol Label Switching Next Generation Network Plesiochronous Digital Hierachy Plain Old Telephone Service Remote Access Server Synchronous Digital Hierachy Signalling Gateway Signalling System No 7 Time Division Multiplex Trunk Gateway Wireless Gateway Wireless Local Loop Cng truy nhp nh hng kt ni ng dy thu bao s Chuyn mch khung Cu trc h tng thng tin ton cu Cng chuyn mch quc t Mng thng minh Giao thc Internet Thit b truy nhp tch hp B iu khin cng thit b Giao thc iu khin cng thit b Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc Mng th h mi Phn chia s cn ng b Mng di ng cng cng mt t Cc dch v in thoi n gin My ch truy nhp t xa Phn chia s ng b Cng bo hiu H thng bo hiu s 7 Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian Cng trung k Cng v tuyn Mch vng v tuyn

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

Public Switched Telephone Network Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit: [1] TS. Nguyn Qu Minh Hin. Xu hng pht trin mng NGN. Tp ch BCVT k 1 (2/2002). [2] Thanh Hng. Cc dch v kh dng trn mng NGN. Tp ch BCVT&CNTT k II thng 6 nm 2004. [3]. Nguyn Thanh Vit. Mng th h sau NGN v chin lc chuyn cc mng in thoi sang kin trc NGN. Tp ch BCVT 2002 k 1 tr 23-28. Ti liu ting Anh: [1]. DR. RAY FREEMAN. Softswitching - Advanced call control technology, packet telephony group, open telecommunication limited, Australia Network Asia 2001. [2]. Joseph C. Crimi. Next Generation Network (NGN) Services. Telcordia Technologies.

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Ngnh cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng Vit Nam ang c gng v n lc hn trong vic hi nhp khu vc v th gii. Vic xy dng cu trc mng vin thng th h mi NGN (Next Generation Network) khng ch l bc tin ca ngnh vin thng th gii, m NGN thc s hin hu nc ta, l bc i tt yu ca ngnh vin thng Vit Nam. Mng vin thng truyn thng l s tp hp ca cc mng ring l: c nh, di ng, internet. Mi mt mng ring bit ch phc v cho mt loi dch v vin thng nht nh v khng th s dng cho mc ch khc. Mi mng li i hi mt i ng vn hnh, qun l khc nhau dn n chi ph khai thc cao. Do xu hng tt yu l xy dng mng th h mi mang li nhng thun li v qun l, u t, cu trc m cho php nhiu cng ty cung cp thit b vin thng tham gia xy dng, cc cng ty phn mm ni a s c c hi cung cp gii php c th ca tng quc gia vo h thng vin thng da trn lp giao din API (Application Program Interface) tu bin lp trnh. S chuyn bin hng t mng truyn thng da trn cng ngh chuyn mch knh sang mng NGN chuyn mch gi ca vin thng Vit Nam cng ging nh cch thc ph bin trn th gii: thay th dn. Ngha l s c mt c s ha tng truyn ti c bn l mng li IP, cc trung tm iu khin chuyn mch mm softswitch ca mng NGN kt ni lm vic vi h tng vin thng c qua cc cng giao tip truyn thng Media Gateway. Cch thc tnh tin sang NGN va m bo khai thc nhng tin ch mi ca mng mi va tn dng c nhng c s h tng vin thng c. Vic a mng NGN vo hot ng s gp phn hon thin c s h tng vin thng nc ta theo hng hin i p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi. Mng NGN ra i Vit Nam chnh l gii php khc phc mt trong nhng hn ch ca ngnh vin thng nc ta t nhiu nm nay l cha pht trin c nhiu dch v hin i, tin tin nh cc nc trn th gii. Vi NGN, khch hng s c s dng nhng dch v tin ch ngy cng c cht lng cao.

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Vi ni dung nghin cu v cu trc mng th h mi NGN ca Vit Nam, quyn lun vn ny c trnh by lm 3 chng: Chng 1 Gii thiu v c s h tng mng vin thng hin ti ca Vit Nam nhm phn tch nhng im thun li v kh khn ca c s h tng PSTN khi xy dng mng th h mi Chng 2 Trnh by xu hng pht trin cu trc mng vin thng, s tp trung vo vic phn tch nhng hn ch ca PSTN trong xu th pht trin ca x hi thng tin, trnh by chi tit gii php xy dng mng th h mi ca hai hng Siemens v Alcatel, y l 2 hng chnh tham gia xy dng mng NGN ca Vit Nam, v gii thiu gii php ca hng NEC, v nhng nghin cu v NGN ca t chc vin thng th gii ITU (International Telecommunication Union). Chng 3 Trnh by v cu trc mng th h mi NGN ca Vit Nam, phn tch c im cu trc ca tng lp chc nng ca mng NGN, qu trnh tnh tin t c s h tng mng vin thng hin ti sang cu trc mng th h mi NGN ca mng vin thng Vit Nam. Khi vit cun lun vn ny em ht sc c gng c hon chnh, song chc chn s khng trnh khi thiu st, v vy em rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c v cc bn. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c i hc Quc Gia H Ni, c bit khoa in t - Vin Thng o to gio dc em cp i hc, c bit em chn thnh cm n PSG.TS Nguyn Cnh Tun, thy tn tnh, chu o hng dn em hoan thnh bn lun vn ny. H ni ngy 1 thng 6 nm 2005 SV: Phc Tuyn

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CHNG 1 GII THIU MNG PSTN HIN TI CA VIT NAM

1.1. Tng quan v cu trc phn cp mng li vin thng theo ITU. phc tp ca mt mng vin thng ph thuc vo lu lng thng tin cn chuyn ti, s lng cc node chuyn mch v s lng cc lin kt truyn dn. Do quy m ca mt mng c th t rt n gin n cc k phc tp. Theo ITU (International Telecommunication Union) mng vin thng c bn c th c phn tch thnh mng ni ht v mng ng trc.

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc phn cp theo ITU 1.1.1. Mng ng trc Mng ng trc gm cc tuyn truyn dn ng trc v cc tng i chuyn tip. Cc tng i chuyn tip ng vai tr nh mt cng vo ra cc tng i ni ht qua n tham gia vo mng truyn dn ng trc. Tng i chuyn tip thc hin o cc cuc gi ng di v qun l cc ng di i vi cc tng i ni ht trc thuc. thc hin tnh cc ngi ta chia t nc theo cc vng hnh chnh, cc ph tiu chun c t theo khong cch gia cc vng cc.

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Mng ng trc c phn cp theo t 2 n 4 tng chuyn mch tu theo ln ca vng v lng ti. Mi tng trung tm chuyn mch c t ti 1 vng qun tr ca n. Cc tng i cp ng trc c ni vi nhau theo hnh li m bo an ton khi xy ra s c. 1.1.2. Mng ni ht Mng ni ht bao gm cc tng i ni ht, cc b tp trung lu lng, v cc ng dy thu bao, tuyn truyn dn trung k kt ni cc tng i ni ht. Phn kt ni t ng dy thu bao n tng i ni ht c gi l mng truy nhp. Cc cuc gi ni ht s c kt ni qua mt hay nhiu tng i ni ht, cc cuc gi ng di c kt ni thng qua tng i ni ht ln cc tng i chuyn tip (transit) ca mng ng di. 1.2. Cu trc mng vin thng hin ti ca Vit Nam (VNPT) Cu trc mng li vin thng PSTN hin ti ca Vit Nam c chia lm 3 cp: - Cp quc t bao gm cc trm v tinh mt t v tng i chuyn mch i quc t. - Cp quc gia (lin tnh) bao gm cc tuyn truyn dn ng trc, cc tng i chuyn tip (transit) quc gia. - Cp ni tnh bao gm cc tuyn truyn dn ni tnh, cc tng i Host, cc tng i v tinh v tng i transit ni tnh (tandem). 1.2.1. Cp quc t Bao gm 8 trm mt t thng tin v tinh ca h thng Intelsat, Intersputnik v 3 tng i Gateway AXE-105 chuyn mch i quc t ti H Ni, Nng, TP.H Ch Minh. Mng chuyn mch cp quc t gm 3 trung tm chuyn mch tng ng cho 3 vng lu lng min Bc, min Nam, min Trung. Cc nt chuyn mch quc t c ni vi nhau theo hnh li m bao tnh an ton khi xy ra s c. Mng truyn dn cp quc t gm c: tuyn cp quang bin TVH (Thi Lan Vit Nam - Hng Kng), ng cp quang ni 6 nc khu vc ng Nam :

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Trung Quc - Vit Nam - Lo - Thi lan - Malaysia - Singapore v tuyn cp quang bin SE-ME-WE3 ni t chu u sang chu . 1.2.2. Cp quc gia (lin tnh) Mng truyn dn lin tnh gm tuyn truyn dn ng trc Bc Nam s dng mng Ring cp quang tc 20Gbps v viba s 140Mbps, 622 Mbps, mng truyn dn cp quang lin tnh pha ng Bc, Ty Bc, Ty Nam, ng Nam. Mng chuyn mch lin tnh c t chc gm 3 trung tm chuyn mch: vng mng min Bc, vng mng min Nam, vng mng min Trung. Ba trung tm ny c ni vi nhau v ni vi cc nt chuyn mch quc t theo hnh li. Trung tm chuyn mch lin tnh pha Bc ti H Ni gm tng i chuyn mch TDM, AXE-10 thc hin nhim v x l cc cuc gi lin tnh t cc tng i Host ca cc tnh v thnh ph sau y: H Ni, Hi Phng, Qung Ninh, Hi Dng, Hng Yn, Thi Bnh, H Ty, Ho Bnh, Sn La, Lai Chu, H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Vnh Phc, Ph Th, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang, Lng Sn, Cao Bng, H Nam, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Hu. Trung tm chuyn mch lin tnh pha Nam ti TP.H Ch Minh gm cc tng i TDX-10, v AXE- 10 x l cc cuc gi lin tnh t cc tng i Host ca cc tnh/thnh ph sau y: TP. H Ch Minh, ng Nai, Sc Trng, Tr Vinh, Bc Liu, C Mau, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Bnh Dng, An Giang, Cn Th, Kin Giang,, Bnh Phc, ng Thp, Long An, Vnh Long, Ty Ninh, Vng Tu, Lm ng, Khnh Ho, Bnh Thun, Ninh Thun, Gia Lai, Kom Tum, c Lc. Trung tm chuyn mch lin tnh min Trung ti Nng l tng i chuyn mch AXE-10 x l cc cuc gi lin tnh t cc tng i Host ca cc tnh/thnh ph sau y: Nng, Qung Nam, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin Hu, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Ph Yn, Khnh Ho, Kom Tum, Gia Lai c Lc.

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1.2.3. Cp ni tnh T trung tm tnh n trung tm huyn ca cc tnh, thnh ph c s ho hon ton c v truyn dn ln chuyn mch. Cc tng i chuyn mch ni tnh (Host) gm rt nhiu chng loi khc nhau do nhiu hng vin thng cung cp nh Alcatel, NEC, Siemens, Kerea, Bosch, Cc tng i ni tnh c ni vi nhau bng cc mch vng quang v c kt ni trc tip vi tng i transit quc gia. cc tnh, c bit vng min ni, cc tng i cp huyn thng l cc tng i c lp, cc tng i cp huyn khng c ni trc tip vi tng i chuyn tip (transit) quc gia, m n ni ti cc tng i chuyn mch ni tnh, cc tng i ni tnh ny mi c kt ni ln tng i chuyn tip (transit) quc gia. Mng truyn dn ni tnh c truyn dn bng cp quang v viba c dung lng t 2Mbps n 34Mbps, thc hin k hoch cp quang ho thng tin ni ht ti nhiu tnh v thnh ph trong c nc.

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mng PSTN ca Vit Nam 1.2.4. Kh nng cung cp dch v Trong nhng nm qua vi chin lc i thng vo cng ngh hin i, cp nht nhng cng ngh v vin thng v cng ngh thng tin ca th gii a vo

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pht trin mng vin thng Vit Nam to ra ng lc pht trin mnh m c s h tng vin thng Vit Nam, c th mng li vin thng Vit Nam c s ho hon ton c v truyn dn cng nh chuyn mch, lm rt ngn khong cch cng ngh so vi cc nc tin tin, p ng vic cung cp cc dch v vin thng cht lng ngy cng cao, vi gi thnh hp l thc y vic tng nhanh chng s lng thu bao in thoi. Tnh n ht thng 1 nm 2005, c 10 triu thu bao in thoi c nh v di ng, t mt 12,6 my/100 dn trong 54,8% l thu bao in thoi c nh, 18,49% thu bao in thoi di ng MobiFone, 25,27% thu bao in thoi di ng Vinaphone v 1,44% thu bao v tuyn ni th Cityphone. c bit c trn 98% tng s x trn c nc trong hu ht cc x bin gii, hi o, vng su, vng xa u c in thoi. Ti 46/64 tnh, thnh ph t 100% s x c in thoi. Hin nay mng li vin thng Vit Nam ang cung cp cc dch v ch yu sau y: Cc dch v thoi truyn thng POTS Dch v thoi truyn thng POTS hay cn c gi l dch v in thoi tiu chun, dch v ny cung cp cc m mi quay s ti cc my in thoi quay s v my n phm. PSTN hin nay cng c rt nhiu loi dch v thoi truyn thng khc nhau, mi dch v c chc nng v c tnh ring: Chuyn cuc gi, cho php cc cuc gi bm theo thu bao di chuyn t i cuc gi, n thc hin ch th c cuc gi n cho thu bao, trong khi Quay s tt, cung cp mt phng thc thun tin cho thu bao lu tr cc Cuc gi tay ba, cho php cc thu bao m thoi vi mt thnh vin th Gim st ch gi, cho php thu bao quay mt m s c bit sau khi vng ny sang vng khc thu bao ang tin hnh cuc gi khc. con s thng xuyn s dng. ba trong mt cuc hi thoi. khch hng nhn c cuc gi cui ry c thng bo ti c quan c thm quyn quyt nh theo lut nh.

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T ng gi ngc li (Call Back) s dng khi thu bao nhn c tn hiu

bo bn. c tnh ny thng bo cho thu bao khi ng dy thu bao b gi ri s tin hnh gi li. T ng gi li cho php thu bao d dng gi li cuc gi nh. c tnh hin th s ch gi v tn ch gi. Kho s ch gi cho php thu bao che du nhn dng , khi cc thu bao Lc cuc gi, cho php cc thu bao chp nhn, t chi, hoc chuyn cuc Dch v gi Fax cho php cc thu bao nhn Fax v xem chng sau. Dch v chuyn thng ip thoi, cho php thu bao lu v pht cc bn tin Cc dch v mng s tch hp a dch v ISDN Mng ISDN cung cp mt tp cc dch v thoi v d liu kh dng trong cc mng PSTN hin nay, cc dch v c kh nng pht trin mnh nh thu ring knh 64 Kbps hoc nx64 Kbps ni cc trung tm my tnh ca cc khu vc sn xut v iu hnh, thu knh ring 2Mbps u ni cc tng i c quan hoc x nghip (PABX) c dung lng tng i ln. Cc x nghip v c quan iu hnh sn xut s thu knh ca bu in iu hnh v kim tra ton b hot ng ca phn xng hoc chi nhnh khc vng a d vi x nghip, cc dch v ISDN bng hp v bng rng, cc loi hnh truyn thng a phng tin. Dch v trung tm cuc gi Cc trung tm cuc gi c s lng ln cc cuc gi n v c phn b thng minh n cc v tr tr li thch hp, cc trung tm t ch, cc cng ty a thng tin, cc trung tm gii p thc mc... Cc dch v internet. Dch v in bo. Cc dch v in thoi di ng. Dch v truyn s liu. Dch v in thoi s dng th vi mch,...

quay s c kh nng hin th. gi da trn danh sch cc con s ch gi.

ghi v nhn, xem li, v sp xp cc bn tin do cc thu bao khc gi ti.

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1.3. Phn tch v nhn xt V c s h tng Xt v cng ngh mng vin thng Vit Nam t cng ngh hin i c s ho hon ton c v truyn dn v chuyn mch vi cc thit b cng ngh hin i trn phm vi ton quc, cng vi mng thu bao rng ln v nhiu im cung cp dch v bu chnh vin thng l mt thun li ln trong qu trnh pht trin tin ti cu trc mng th h mi. Mng truyn dn ng trc v ni ht c xy dng cc ng truyn cp quang s dng cng ngh truyn dn SDH, v viba y l im thun li ln khi xy dng mng truyn dn cho mng th h mi, cho php tn dng v ci to mng truyn dn hin c ny. Xt v cu trc phn cp, mng vin thng Vit Nam c cu trc hn hp va 3 cp va 4 cp. cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Tp.H Ch Minh cc tng i ni ht c lin kt vi nhau bng cc mch vng quang v c kt ni trc tip vi tng i transit quc gia, v vy n ch l mng 3 cp. cc tnh, c bit l vng min ni, cc tng i cp huyn thng l cc tng i c lp. Cc tng i cp huyn khng c ni trc tip vi tng i transit quc gia cho nn n l mt cp thp hn cp tng i cp tnh. Do c th coi phn mng quc gia cho cc tnh ny l 4 cp. Do vic t chc mng PSTN theo a bn hnh chnh nh hin nay dn ti vic thit lp cuc gi gia 2 thu bao khong cch gn v a l nhng 2 vng hnh chnh khc nhau, s phi thit lp kt ni gia 2 thu bao ny qua tng i ni ht, tng i chuyn tip lin tnh (transit) v cc tuyn truyn dn kt ni cc tng i ni ht v tng i chuyn tip lin tnh (transit). Khi cc ph tnh gia hai thu bao khong cch gn nhau s phi tnh theo cc ng di, mt khc vic kt ni nh th s km hiu qu hiu xut khng cao v phi qua nhiu tng i v on lin kt truyn dn. Do vic t chc cu trc mng vin thng th h mi cn thit t chc theo vng lu lng. Cc tng i chuyn mch v h thng truyn dn trn mng PSTN c nhiu chng loi do nhiu hng cung cp, iu ny lm ny sinh s phc tp

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trong kin trc, s tng thch gia cc chng loi thit b v s phc tp trong qun l. V dch v Mng vin thng Vit Nam cung cp mt s lng kh ln cc loi hnh dch v, v c s lng ln thu bao trn mng, l ngun thu ln ca cc nh khai thc, do mng vin thng hin ti s cn tip tc c duy tr khai thc bn cnh vic pht trin v khai thc mng th h mi trong giai on u xy dng mng th h mi. Cc dch v mng vin thng hin ti thng c tch hp lun vo cc thit b ca nh khai thc. Cc nh cung cp thit b pht trin mi th phn mm, phn cng trong mt h thng ng gi do kh khn cho vic pht trin thm cc dch v mi, cng nh vic pht trin cc phn mn hay phn cng cho h thng. Do pht trin cc dch v mi trong tng lai p ng cho cc nhu cu ngy cng cao th h thng mng vin thng hin ti c nhiu bt cp trong vic pht trin v cung cp dch v

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CHNG 2 XU HNG PHT TRIN CU TRC MNG VIN THNG

2.1. Nhng ng lc thc y s chuyn i cu trc mng 2.1.1. Nhu cu pht trin ca x hi thng tin Trong bi cnh x hi ngy cng a dng nhu cu v pht trin kinh t, gio dc, x hi, y t, an ninh quc phng, tc ng mnh n s pht trin lnh vc truyn thng nhm p ng nhng nhu cu : Nhu cu v cung cp a dch v v cc dch v mi S pht trin ca x hi thng tin lm ny sinh nhu cu c cung cp a dch v v cc dch v mi: cc dch v truyn thng bng rng, truyn thng bng hp, cc dch v truyn thng thi gian thc (nh tr tri trn mng thi gian thc,..), cc dch v chuyn ngnh (tr gip t xa, o to gio dc t xa qua mng, chm sc sc kho qua mng,..), cc dch v a phng tin, cc dch v hi ngh truyn hnh, cu truyn hnh ra nc ngoi, v ti cc vng nng thn, vng su vng xa, Nhu cu v kh nng lin lc thng tin rng khp Cc dch v c cung cp phi tin li, d s dng, c kh nng lin lc thng tin rng khp a phng tin, m bo tin cy, c tc truy nhp cao, c th truy nhp bt k thi gian no, bt k u (cng s hay nh, hay nhng ni cng cng,). Nhu cu v vic pht trin h thng linh hot, mm do thun tin trong vic gim st qun l, pht trin cung cp dch v p ng nhu cu ca thu bao, i hi c mt cu trc mng phi n gin, linh hot cao, c kh nng h tr tt c cc kt ni cho c v tuyn v hu tuyn, h tr tt c cc dch v ca cc mng hin ti, d dng nng cp v m rng Nhu cu d dng pht trin dch v mi Cu trc mng phi cho php vic to ra cc dch v mi c d dng. Cc nh khai thc mng, v cc t chc c nhn c th da trn cu trc mng pht

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trin dch v mi, m khng ph thuc vo nh cung cp mng, c th to ra cc dch v mi tch hp cng ngh thng tin v vin thng IT (Infomation telecommunication), cc dch v p ng cho cc nhu cu pht trin ca cc doanh nghip, 2.1.2. Nhng hn ch ca mng PSTN hin ti Mc d mng vin thng PSTN thc hin tt chc nng chuyn mch cc cuc goi, cung cp cc dch v thoi cht lng QoS cao, nhng p ng vic pht trin a dch v v cc dch v vin thng mi trn nn tng chuyn mch knh ca mng PSTN th c rt nhiu hn ch, c th do cc nguyn nhn sau: C s h tng PSTN lm hn ch s pht trin dch v mi Vi s cnh tranh trong lnh vc Vin thng ngy cng mnh m, cc nh cung cp dch v truyn thng ni ht s tm cch gi khch hng m h ang c. Bin php chnh gi khch hng l li ko h vo nhng dch v v ng dng mi, ng thi gim gi dch v. Vi c s h tng PSTN nh hin nay, khng cho php cc nh khai thc vit cc ng dng mi cho PSTN. Do hng i tt yu l phi xy dng mt c s h tng m, nhiu nh khai thc c th cung cp cc ng dng, cho php pht trin nhiu hn cc ng dng v gii php. S liu, thoi, v video khng th hi t trong mng PSTN v kiu thit k nh hin nay khng p ng c Vi ch mt ng dy tng t n thu bao nh hin nay, thu bao khng th cng mt lc truy nhp s liu (truy nhp internet), truy nhp thoi v truy nhp hnh nh qua mt modem tc 56 kbps. PSTN khng linh hot truyn s liu Cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh i hi phi c mt knh c nh gia hai thu bao. D ngi gi hay ngi c gi khng ni g thi cng khng th c bt c ngi no khc c th s dng kt ni tc 64kbps , c ngha l cng ty in thoi khng th s dng di thng ny cho bt c mt mc ch no khc v phi tnh cc cho cc thu bao trn c s ti nguyn s dng ca n. i vi mng chuyn mch gi th no c kh nng s dng di thng ch khi n yu cu.

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S phn cp cu trc mng PSTN cn ln Cu trc phn cp ca mng PSTN cn phc tp, c nhng thnh ph ln nh H Ni v TP H Ch Minh s cp mng ch l 3, trong khi mt s tnh min ni s cp mng l 4. Do s phn cp ln m kh khn trong vic qun l cng nh tnh cc, do cn thit t chc mng theo xu hng n gin gm cp ng trc v cp ni ht, s to iu kin d dng hn trong vic qun l v tnh cc. Cu trc mng PSTN khng cho php pht trin cc tnh nng mi Trong mng PSTN th dch v c ci sn theo thit b (bao gm phn cng v phn mm), v d mi chng loi tng i ch cung cp mt dch v nh trc. Mng PSTN khng to iu kin khch hng t pht trin cc dch v mi. khc phc nhng nhc im ca mng PSTN, mun vy phi to ra tng i th h mi: tng i ch lm chc nng chuyn mch, cn chc nng iu khin, qun l v cung cp dch v c tch ra c lp vi chc nng chuyn mch. l l do m trong mng NGN th cc lp chc nng ca mng khng nm trong tng i m tch ra c lp theo cc lp mng. y l yu t NGN khc phc c cc nhc im ca mng PSTN. 2.1.3. Xu hng pht trin Nhng nm gn y, ngnh vin thng nhiu nc tri qua nhiu ln ci cch, cc nh khai thc u ng trc p lc cnh tranh thch thc v c c hi mi. Vic cung cp dch v a dng c v s lng v cht lng t ra yu cu ngy cng cao kch thch s pht trin ca th trng cng ngh in t - tin hcvin thng. Hin ti xu hng pht trin ca cng ngh in t - tin hc - vin thng ang din ra theo xu hng hi t nh hng kt ni CO (Connection Operation) v khng nh hng kt ni CL (Connectionless Operation). Cng ngh pht trin nh hng kt ni c u im cht lng dch v QoS cao, cht lng mng tt pht trin cng vi cng ngh truyn dn ATM cho php pht trin cc dch v bng rng. S pht trin theo hng cng ngh khng nh hng kt ni CL c u im n gin, tin li chi ph thp tit kim bng thng nn ang c pht trin mnh m.

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Hnh 2.1. Xu hng hi t cng ngh Xu hng pht trin cng ngh nh hng kt ni v khng nh hng kt ni dn tim cn gn nhau v hi t tin ti vic pht trin cng ngh ATM/IP c t nhiu k vng cho vic pht trin mng theo hng dung hp thng nht c th lm cho dch v c lp vi mng li, nhanh chng cung cp dch v mang tnh tng hp. S pht trin ca cng ngh mi v nhiu dch v mi tc ng trc tip ti s pht trin ca cu trc mng. Ngha l nhu cu x hi cn c mng th h mi NGN. 2.2. Cc nghin cu ca ITU v mng NGN v xut gii php ca mt s hng 2.2.1. Cc nghin cu ca t chc ITU v NGN Cu trc mng th h mi NGN nm trong m hnh ca cu trc h tng thng tin ton cu GII (Global Infomation Infrastructure) do ITU a ra. M hnh ny bao gm 3 lp chc nng sau y: Cc chc nng ng dng Cc chc nng trung gian bao gm: - Cc chc nng iu khin dch v - Cc chc nng qun l Cc chc nng c s bao gm: - Cc chc nng mng (chc nng chuyn ti v chc nng iu khin). - Cc chc nng lu gi v x l. - Cc chc nng giao din ngi - my.

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Giao din chng trnh ng dng

Cc chc nng ng dng

Cc chc nng trung gian

Cc chc nng c s Giao din chng trnh c s

Chc nng giao tip ngi my Cc chc nng x l v lu tr Cc chc nng iu khin v truyn ti

Hnh 2.2. Cc chc nng GII v mi quan h ca chng Nh vy, t y (thi k chuyn mch gi) ITU xem xt cu trc mng t gc chc nng ch khng xem xt theo phn cp mng chuyn mch nh trc kia. V kin trc vt l ca mng th phn mng truy nhp bao gm cc kt ni V tuyn: in thoai khng dy/ thng tin di ng Hu tuyn vi u cui thoi, TV, my tnh... Kt ni vi mng truy nhp khc. Trong d tho khuyn ngh Y.120 ITU a ra m hnh tham chiu vi cc loi im tham chiu; tng ng vi cc loi im tham chiu ny l cc loi giao din kt ni. M hnh thc hin ca GII c phn on nh sau: Phn on mng quc t. Phn on mng li (Core). Phn on mng truy nhp (Access). Phn on mng khch hng. Cc ng dng dch v thng tin qua cc giao din c th giao tip vi phn mng khch hng, phn mng truy nhp hoc phn mng li. Cc phn mng ny u c hai chc nng: Chc nng truyn ti. Chc nng iu khin. Cc nghin cu ca ITU v GII l c s lp nn cu trc phn lp ca mng th h mi NGN nh hin nay.
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2.2.2. Gii php ca mt s hng cung cp thit b vin thng pht trin NGN th cc hng a ra cc gii php khc nhau. 2.2.2.1. Gii php ca hng NEC Hng NEC xy dng cu trc mng th h mi NGN bao gm 3 lp l: lp truy nhp, lp chuyn ti, lp iu khin. NEC a ra m hnh mng th h mi vi sn phm h thng node chuyn mch lai ghp STM/ATM/IP Hybird Node System NEAX61cx. Gii php h tr cc dch v mng th h mi NGN, cho cc tng i NEAX61 hin ang hot ng trn mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN. Gii php NEAX61cx a ra vi mc tiu tn dng cc kh nng hot ng v cung cp dch v ca tng i NEAX61 hin ang s dng trn mng PSTN, bng cch b sung thm cc khi: khi thu bao bng rng BLM (Broadband Line Module), khi chuyn mch gi IP v khi chuyn mch ATM.
POTS/ISDN _Voice _Internet

xDSL _Voice _Internet

Hnh 2.10 Gii php NEAX61cx ca hng NEAX Khi thu bao bng rng BLM Khi BLM trong tng i NEAX61cx s cung cp chc nng h tr pht trin dch v ng thu bao s xDSL cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Khi thu bao bng rng BLM bao gm Card giao tip quang OC-3C cho giao tip vi mng ng trc v Card -COM ng vai tr mt b iu khin. Hai loi Card nay c tch hp trong khi BLM v c lp t ti cc tng i Host v ti khi ng dy m rng ELU (Extended Line Unit). - Gii php BLM cho php lp t ti cc tng i Host

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Nhm cung cp chc nng DSLAM cho cc thu bao ti Host, khi BLM c t trong gi thu bao bng rng BLF (Broadband Line Frame) v c t bn cnh h thng chuyn mch NEAX61 Mi gi BLF c th lp t 2 khi BLM, mi khi c th cung cp 16 Card xDSL. Mi Card xDSL c kh nng cung cp giao tip cho 16 thu bao DSL. V vy mi gi BLF c th phc v 512 thu bao ADSL hoc SDSL. D liu t thu bao xDSL c tp trung v ghp knh trc khi giao tip vi mng ATM. Vi gii php BLM c kh nng tng thch cao vi h thng NEAX61, BLM cung cp cc tnh nng bo dng vn hnh tin tin cho c nh cung cp dch v thoi c sn h thng NEAX61 v cc nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) c k hoch cung cp dch v xDSL. - Gii php BLM lp t ti cc khi ng dy m rng ELU. Khi BLM c th c lp t ngoi tri ti cc trm ELU c iu khin bi Host NEAX61. Do cho php cc nh cung cp dch v thoi hoc cc nh cung cp dch v internet c th m rng phm vi cung cp cho cc thu bao xa m khng b gii hn bi khong cch a l. Mi trm ELU c th b tr 1 khi iu khin ng dy thu bao xa ELCM (Extended Line Controller Module), khi iu khin ny c 4 Card xDSL, mi Card c kh nng phuc v 16 thu bao xDSL. V th mi trm ELU c th cung cp kt ni cho 64 thu bao ADSL hoc SDSL. B u cui vn hnh v bo dng B-MAT ca khi BLM s thc hin vic bo dng t xa thng qua giao din GUI. Bn cnh cc cng vic nh qun l trng thi ng dy, kim tra ng dy, phn tch li phn cng, B-MAT cn c kh nng to mi hay xo b thu bao v cp nht phn mm. Khi chuyn mch IP Khi chuyn mch IP s bao gm khi trung k truy nhp internet IAT (Internet Access Terminal) v khi trung k thoi Internet (Voice) IVT (Internet Voice Terminal). - Khi truy nhp Internet(data) IAT Khi IAT cung cp cc ng trung k kt ni vi mng trc IP, h tr vic truyn dn d liu IP qua mng Backbone. - 17 -

- Khi trung k thoi internet IVT Khi IVT cung cp cc ng trung k thoi qua mng IP (VoIP) Gii php ca hng NEC h tr chc nng gateway VoIP m bo cht lng thoi trn mng IP. Cho php thc hin dch v thoi qua mng Internet hay bng rng s dng kt ni ng thoi truyn thng. Khi chuyn mch ATM S dng trong mng ATM ng trc (Backbone), cung cp chc nng chuyn mch cc dch v phi thoi (dat, video,) v dch v thoi qua mng ATM. 2.2.2.2. Gii php ca hng Siemens Gii php xy dng mng th h mi ca Siemens c tn l SURPASS, bao gm cc gii php v chuyn mch, truy nhp, chuyn ti, iu khin v qun l mng th h mi. Siemens xy dng cu trc mng th h mi gm 3 lp chc nng: lp iu khin, lp truy nhp, lp chuyn ti. Gii php chuyn mch Cc thit b chuyn mch m Siemens a ra gm cc thit b chuyn mch li CRX- 16000 / CRX - 32000 v cc thit b chuyn mch lp bin ERX 700/ ERX 1400 chc nng lm cu ni cho mng li NGN vi cc mng hin ti bao gm mng in thoi c nh, mang thng tin di ng, mng tch hp a dch v ISDN,... Gii php bo hiu Gii php ca SURPASS a ra l Signaling Overlay Network, cho php truyn nhiu loi bo hiu, c bit l bo hiu s 7 qua mng th h mi NGN. Ngoi ra n cn cho phep d dng nng cp kh nng v cc c tnh hot ng m khng cn quan tm n qu trnh hot ng bo hiu. Sn phm ny c tn l hiS. Gii php truy nhp Siemens a ra gii php SURPASS Next Generation Access bao gm cc thnh phn: - SURPASS Evolving Voice Access. - SURPASS DSL Broadband Access. - SURPASS Multiservice Access.

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Gii php ny gip cho ngi iu hnh linh hot trong vic lp t, thay th, sa cha, cng nh m rng, nng cp thit b truy nhp trong cc mng hin ti cng nh thit b truy nhp ca mng NGN. SURPASS Evolving Voice Access cho php kt ni tt c cc loi giao din ca cc thu bao hin ti ti mng li NGN, h tr cc dch v qua cc giao din m v cc giao din ny c th giao tip vi mng TDM hay mng IP quan trng nht l gii php ny cho php vic tin ln mng th h sau c th thc hin nhanh chng ti bt ki thi im no. SURPASS DSL Broadband Access cho php s dng truy nhp bng rng. SURPASSS Multi Servicer Access cho php truy nhp tt c cc dch v bng hp cng nh bng rng trn cng mt Platform. Cc sn phm ca mng truy nhp th h mi l cc hiA, FastLink, XpressLink, XpressPass, trong hiA l dng sn phm truy nhp a dch v c b sung thm dch v leased line, FastLink l dng thit b truy nhp cho bt c mng trc no, Xpresslink l dng thit b truy nhp bng rng a dch v, Xpress Pass l dng thit b tp trung bng rng a dch v. Gii php truyn dn thoi qua mng bng rng SURPASS a ra gii php ny nhm cung cp dch v thoi v dch v th h mi s dng truy nhp tc cao ti cc thu bao da trn gi (packet based). Gii php ny bao gm tp c tnh tt nht ca PSTN, tin cy cao vi bng thng ln, s linh hot v cc giao din m giao tip vi mng gi. No c th cung cp VoDSL, VoCable, v cho php s dng nhiu dch v trn mt ng dy truy nhp n, sn phm cung cp dch v VoCable l SURPASS hiQ800. C th coi hiQ800 l mt phn trong chuyn mch mm. Gii php h thng iu khin iu khin l h thng SUPASS hiQ chc nng iu khin chuyn i bo hiu, tu theo dung lng SURPASS hiQ c chia thnh cc loi SURPASS hiQ 10, 20 hay SURPASS hiQ- 9100, 9200, 9400. Gii php cho cc ng dng

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y chnh l cc Server hay phn mm m m SURPASS cung cp cho nh vn hnh c th to ra cc c tnh mi cho dch v hay to ra cc dch v mi cho khc hng. Gii php qun l mng Gii php qun l mng cho mng th h mi cua SURPASS l Next Geration Network Management. N gip gim thiu li, ti u cu hnh cng nh s hot ng, qun l bo mt cho cc thnh phn to thnh NGN trong SURPASS. Nguyn l ca gii php ny l da trn qun l phn t, qun l min ng dng. Bao gm cc thnh phn con nh sau: Net Manager l gii php qun l cho chuyn mch th h mi. TNMS (Telecommunication Network Management System) cho truyn ti quang th h mi v Access Integrator cho truy nhp mng th h mi. Net Manager h tr cc chc nng OAM (Operation Administrator Management), pht hin v x l li, nh dng cu hnh, tnh cc v qun l hot ng cng nh s bo mt ca mng.

Hnh 2.3. S kin trc tng th NGN theo gii php SURPASS TNMS qun l t cc phn t cho n cc min hot ng s dng cng ngh quang. cc min hot ng c th l PDH, SDH, DWDM, ... Acess Intergator c cu trc m theo m hnh Client server c tnh module v linh hot ging m hnh TMN.

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Siemens cng a ra mt gii php cho qu trnh pht trin qu t c s h tng mng vin thng hin ti ln c s h tng vin thng th h mi. Lc ny cc mng PSTN v mng NGN (ATM/IP) cng tn ti, gii php ny ta cn gi l gii php Attene qu . Sn phm cho gii php ny l hiA.

Hnh 2.4 Gii php ca Siemens trong thi k qu 2.2.2.3. Gii php ca hng Alcatel Hng Alcatel xy dng cu trc mng th h mi NGN bao gm 4 lp: lp truy nhp v truyn ti, lp trung gian, lp iu khin, lp dch v. Alcatel a ra gii php pht trin mng th h mi t c s h tng mng vin thng hin ti tng th gm su bc nh sau: Bc 1: Mng PSTN cho thoi v quay s truy nhp internet. Bc 2: Cng c mng PSTN v hi t vi mng s liu. Bc 3: Thoi trn cng ngh gi i vi cc dch v ng di. Bc 4: Thoi trn cng ngh gi i vi cc dch v truy nhp ni ht. Bc 5: Cc dch v a phng tin c trin khai. Bc 6: Mng vin thng th h mi NGN hot ng vi y cc tnh nng mng. Alcatel thc hin chuyn i cng ngh trn cc mt sau: Ci tin chuyn mch knh Cc nh cung cp dch v ang trin khai cc tng i kiu nh Alcatel 1000 c th nng cp cc h thng hin c ca h chuyn sang NGN. Bc u tin, cc tng i E-1000 c th c m rng hot ng ng thi trong mt mi trng NGN chuyn mch gi c trnh by nh trong hnh di y. Nhng s m rng ny bao gm c cc cng thoi qua gi VoPGW

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(Voice of Packet Gateway ) kt hp t bn ngoi (cho giao thc IP hoc ATM ) v ma trn chuyn mch bng rng da trn gi. Vic kch hot v b kch hot da trn trang Web do thu bao iu khin cng nh vic qun tr cc dch v thoi tin tin cung cp cho thu bao linh hot ng k, trong khi vn gim c chi ph vn hnh ca nh khai thc.

Hnh 2.5. Qu trnh chuyn tip t chuyn mch knh Trong bc tip theo, tng i E-1000 c pht trin tr thnh mt khi kin trc NGN c bn, hoc nh mt chuyn mch mm, hoc nh mt cng truy nhp do mt Softswitch bn ngoi iu khin. Mc tiu l thc hin chuyn dch mt cch nhp nhng sang cu trc NGN m ti thiu s nh hng ti hot ng khai thc mng chuyn mch hin ti. Gii php gim ti PSTN Gii php gim ti PSTN ca Alcatel cho cc mng bng hp da trn s kt hp cng bo hiu cuc gi CSG (Call Signaling Gateway) 5424 v b server truy nhp t xa RAS (Remote Access System) 7410. Cc cuc gi internet t PSTN c nh tuyn qua mt RAS gn nht ti mng s liu ATM/IP, s dng cc ng trung k lin kt gia tng i ni ht v RAS. Trung tm qun l dch v SMC 5737 (Service Management Center ) cung cp mt tp hp cc tnh nng qun l ca mng ring o VPN (Vitual Private Network) m rng cho nh cung cp dch v, nhng ngi mong mun tn dng cc mng hin c ca h m cc dch v truy nhp thng mi. Vic di chuyn t gim ti PSTN sang dch v thoi NGN t c nh b sung thm nhng kh nng mi, bao gm tnh nng ca Gatekeeper bin i s in thoi sang mt a ch IP.

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GK: Gatekeeper IMT: Inter Machine

Hnh 2.6. Gii php NGN s dng CGS v SMC - Gii php gim ti PSTN thng qua truy nhp bng rng Mt cch khc gim ti cho lu lng quay s internet trc tip trong khi li nhun t khch hng u cui vn tng l cung cp truy nhp internet bng rng, chng hn da trn cng ngh ng dy thu bao s khng i xng ADSL. Trong dng c bn ca n, ng dy in thoi v dy dn modem s liu c kt hp li trn mt truy nhp dy ng duy nht ti nh khch hng v c phn tch vi nhau bng b chia tch ti b ghp knh truy nhp ng dy thu bao s DSLAM (Digital Subcriber Line Access Multiplexer). Lu lng thoi c chuyn tip ti cc tng i chuyn mch knh truyn thng, trong khi lu lng s liu c chuyn tip ti mng gi. Gii php ny to ra thm li nhun khng ch t truy nhp bng rng m cn t cc dch v tin tin mi c th c thc hin qua truy nhp ny. Di chuyn cui cng ca lu lng thoi sang NGN c th t c bng vic trin khai mt softswitch kt hp vi mt cng truy nhp. Gii php truy nhp a dch v (Multi-service Access) Nt truy nhp a dch v ca Alcatel cho php mt nh khai thc cung cp bt k mt s kt ni no t thoi bng hp v thoi bng rng DSL v cung cp cc dch v s liu cho khch hng. Mt giao din V.5/GR.303 cung cp mt kt ni ti cc mng in thoi hin c, cc dch v bng rng c h tr bi cc giao din ngi dng to ra kt ni ti cc mng SDH, PDH, v ATM. Khi c trin khai

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trong mi trng NGN, cng truy nhp Litespan-1540 kt hp vi VoIP cho php softswitch iu khin cc dch v in thoi qua mng IP/ATM nh c trnh by trong hnh sau:

Hnh 2.7. Chuyn mch mm E.1000 Thoi qua ng dy thu bao s tc cao DSL (VoDSL) Gii php ny c bit c li cho nhng khch hng doanh nghip, nhng ngi cn dng nhiu ng dy kt ni ISDN. H thng bao gm b ghp knh truy nhp thu bao ATM ASAM Alcatel 7300 (ATM Subcriber Access Multiplexer) kt hp vi thit b tch hp truy nhp IAD (Integrated Access Device) ti nh thu bao cung cp thm cc ng dy thoi qua mt i dy ng duy nht bng vic s dng Voice over DSL (VoDSL), tip n l mt cng iu khin tng t mng truy nhp, sau n tng i PSTN truyn thng. Gii php ny tn dng c i dy cp ng truyn thng m khng phi nng cp ln thnh ng truyn cp quang trong khi vn duy tr c cht lng dch v cht lng cao nh ISDN. Ngoi ra DSL i xng do ASAM 7300 h tr s cung cp cho cc khch hng doanh nghip mt s la chn hp dn thay th cho cc mch dng ring t tin.

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Hnh 2.8. Gii php thoi qua DSL Gii php thay th cc chuyn mch knh Cc chuyn mch E.1000 c thit k thch ng vi cc cng ngh truy nhp v cc u cui khc nhau. im quan trng l mt chuyn mch mm c th thay th trit v kh thi cho cc tng i chuyn mch knh ang tn ti, trong khi vn h tr mt phm vi rng cc dch v gia tng gi tr mi. N cho phep mt nh khai thc trin khai mt mng NGN xp chng ln mng chuyn mch knh c x l lng thu bao rt ln trong cc khu vc c bit trong vng phc v. Mt chuyn mch mm c th ng thi phc v cho nhiu khu vc ni trn, to thun li cho xp chng. V nguyn tc, cc chuyn mch mm c th hoc trin khai ti bin ca mt mng ln hoc trong li ca mt mng nh. Ngc li vi chuyn mch knh, cc chuyn mch mm c th phc v tt c cc thit b u cui - cc my in thoi tiu chun, cc my in thoi IP, cc u cui a phng tin mi v cc my tnh cc nhn PC - hoc kt ni trc tip vi mng s liu, hoc qua cc cng truyn thng. Hnh sau trnh by gii php Alcatel 1000 softswitch

Hnh 2.9 Gii php Alcatel 1000 softswitch

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Cc dch v tin tin Cc dch v tin tin hu ht u l s kt hp ca thoi v d liu. Bng vic s dng cc h thng nhn dng ting ni, bt k u cui no k c chic in thoi truyn thng cng c th truy nhp cc dch v tin tin. Chng hn truy nhp thoi qua internet cho php thu bao in thoi c th tm kim mt tn gi trn ca s a ch trc tuyn. Sau khi tm c tn, thu bao c th yu cu mt kt ni thoi c thit lp n gin bng cch ni mt t kho call. Mt v d khc l kh nng bin ting ni thnh vn bn hay vn bn thnh ting ni ca dch v UMS (Unfield Message Service), cc kh nng ny cho php ngi s dng c th nghe nhc c cc email v cc bn fax qua my in thoi hoc ngc li, h c th gi fax hay email t bt c ni no trn th gii bng mt my in thoi. Tnh di ng l mt ng lc then cht ca cc dch v tin tin. S khng c s hn ch no i vi cc u cui di ng. Tnh di ng ngi dng cho php mt thu bao s dng bt k thit b u cui no truy nhp vo mi trng dch v ti nh ca h nhm s dng c tt c cc dch v c ng k. Mt tnh nng quan trng ca cc dch v tin tin ny l chng c cung cp mt cch thng sut qua cc kiu thit b u cui khc nhau c di ng ln c nh. Chng bao lu na, chng ta s thy nhiu dch v a phng tin mi chng hn nh cuc gi hin hnh gia ngi ny v ngi kia, cng s dng chung ti liu hay cc cuc gi nhiu bn bng ting ni v hnh nh. Cc dch v in thoi ch o v vic lm ch cc ng dng cng em li nhiu dch v tin tin khc m bn thn chng li ng vai tr nh mt ng lc tip tc m rng th trng cc dch v in thoi. Tt c cc dch v ny ang trn ng pht trin da trn cc chuyn mch mm, nhm m bo cng mt tin cy v tnh kh dng nh cc dch v PSTN hin nay. 2.3. Kt lun: Cc gii php xy dng mng th h mi do cc hng a ra u da trn nguyn tc xy dng mt mng a dch v da trn duy nht mt c s h tng. V cc hng gii thiu c m hnh xy dng cu trc mng NGN vi cc gii php mng km theo cc sn phm thit b mi do h cung cp.

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Vic cc nh khai thc la chn hng pht trin no xy dng cu trc mng NGN cn tu thuc vo vic k tha c s h tng cng ngh hin c ca hng, v nhu cu pht trin dch v mi. Tuy nhin, ch c mt iu m cc nh khai thc u nhn thc c l mng NGN s l c hi tt h vn ln trong vic pht trin p ng c cc nhu cu pht trin ca x hi thng tin.

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CHNG 3 CU TRC MNG NGN CA VIT NAM

3.1. Tin trnh pht trin v cu trc mng vin thng Vit Nam Hin ti trn th gii tn ti 3 phng n pht trin mng NGN nh sau: 1- Pht trin cc dch v mi trn c s mng hin ti tin ti pht trin mng NGN. 2- Xy dng mi mng NGN. 3- Xy dng mng li NGN mi tn dng v ci to mng PSTN theo cu trc mng NGN. Mi quc gia mi nh khai thc phi chn mt cch i, mt l trnh ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t mng ca mnh. Di y em xin trnh by phng n xy dng mng th h mi NGN ca Vit Nam phng chm: xy dng mng li NGN mi, tn dng v ci to mng PSTN theo cu trc NGN. 3.1.1. Cc mc tiu pht trin cu trc mng vin thng Vit Nam Mng vin thng hin ti l s hot ng ca cc mng ring l: mng thoi c nh chuyn mch knh TDM, mng in thoi di ng cng ngh truy nhp GSM, CDMA, mng internet chuyn mch gi IP. p ng vic pht trin c s h tng mng vin thng Vit Nam, vic xy dng cu trc mng vin thng th h mi NGN c nh hng ti cc mc tiu c th sau y: p ng nhu cu cung cp cc dch v vin thng hin nay v cc loi dch v vin thng th h mi bao gm: Cc dch v c bn. - Cc dch v gi tr gia tng. - Cc dch v truyn s liu, Internet v cng ngh thng tin. - Cc dch v a phng tin. C th cc dch v vin thng nh ATM, IP, FR, X25, CE, Voice,... Mng c cu trc n gin - Gim thiu a s cp chuyn mch v chuyn tip truyn dn.

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- Nng cao hiu qu s dng, cht lng mng li v gim thiu chi ph khai thc v bo dng. linh hot v tnh sn sng cao, nng lc tn ti mnh - Tin ti tch hp mng thoi v mng s liu trn mng ng trc bng rng. - Cu trc mng phi c linh hot cao, m bo an ton mng li v cht lng dch v. - D dng m rng dung lng, trin khai dch v mi. Vic thay i cu trc mng hin ti c tin hnh tng bc theo iu kin thc t cho php. Tn dng ti a cc thit b trn mng ISDN, PSTN hin c pht trin dch v N-ISDN, p ng nhu cu dich v Internet, ATM, FR,.. trn c s nng cp cc node mng hin c nu cng ngh cho php v gi c hp l kt hp trang bi cc node mng Multiservice mi. Trin khai v hon thin h thng qun l mng, qun l dch v. Tng cng kh nng cnh tranh trong mi trng hi nhp v m ca. 3.1.2. Nguyn tc t chc xy dng mng vin thng th h mi. Khng ch Vit Nam, nhiu nc trn th gii, do c im a l, kinh t, vn ho, x hi tng vng m nhu cu pht trin dch v vin thng cc vng trong ton quc l khc nhau. Cc nhu cu v dch v mi nm ch yu cc tnh v thnh ph ln c nn kinh t, vn ho, x hi pht trin, cc dch v mi p ng cho vic pht trin kinh t, gio dc, gii tr nh: thng mi in t, gio dc t xa, chm sc sc kho qua mng, tr chi trn mng thi gian thc... Cn phn ng cc a phng c bit nht l vng su, vng xa th mt thu bao thp, nhu cu ch yu l in thoi dng lin lc, v khng c nhng yu cu v dch v mi. Vi cch t chc cung cp dch v thng tin theo a bn hnh chnh tnh/ thnh ph nh hin nay,mi vng tng ng vi mi tnh/ thnh ph. Ngoi tr H Ni, TP.H Ch Minh v mt s tnh/ thnh ph trng im khc nh Nng, Hi Phng, Qung Ninh,..cn li mt s lng ln cc tnh, c s lng thu bao v lu lng khng ln nhng vn hnh thnh mng ring theo a bn hnh chnh. c

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bit mt s tnh sau khi tin hnh tch tnh theo a bn hnh chnh th cng hnh thnh mng mi vi cc tng i Host ni ht mi to nn mt s vn phc tp trong vic cung cp dch v, v d: 2 thu bao trc y thuc cng mt tnh khi thc hin cuc gi th lu lng cuc gi ch cn i qua hai tng i v tinh v mt tng i Host gi cc c tnh theo cc ni ht. Khi tch tnh, 2 thu bao ny 2 tnh k nhau khi thc hin cuc gi th lu lng cuc gi s phi i qua 2 tng i Host v vng qua tng i Toll chuyn mch lin tnh v gi cc tnh theo cc ng di. Do cht lng dch v vin thng c cung cp s b nh hng rt nhiu bi cu hnh v cch thc t chc khai thc ny. Mt khc nu xem xt gc kinh t th cch thc t chc khai thc, cung cp dch v nh vy hiu qu khng cao, khng khai thc c ht lu lng tt c cc vng, m ch khai thc hiu qu c cc tnh v thnh ph ln. C s chnh lch v s thu bao gia cc vng, c bit l gia cc th v cc vng nng thn min ni. Vi mt thu bao t c 12,6 my/100 dn trung bnh trn ton quc vo thng 1 nm 2005. Nhng mt thu bao nu xt theo vng hnh chnh th c s chnh lch kh ln v s lng thu bao. V d nh H Ni v TP H Ch Minh hay 1 s thnh ph ln mt in thoi t mt t 3040 my/100 dn. Nhng c rt nhiu tnh, mt in thoi mi ch dng con s 4 n 5 my/100 dn, tnh Bc Cn l mt v d.. Do vi cch thc t chc mng li phn theo vng hnh chnh nh hin nay s khng tn dng c ht nng lc ca mng cc vng hnh chnh . Ngoi s chnh lch v s lng thu bao cc tnh/thnh ph v nhu cu pht trin dch v, mng truyn thng cn mang ngha su sc v chnh tr, x hi, an ninh quc gia. S pht trin v thng tin lin lc l mt trong nhng cu ni quan trng cho s pht trin ca gio dc, kinh t, vn ho, x hi,... Do nhng c im ny m vic t chc xy dng mng th h mi bn cnh vic p dng cc cng ngh mi cn c ci tin trong cch thc cung cp dch v vin thng v t chc khai thc mt cch hp l th mi c th pht huy ht c cc tnh nng u vit ca mng th h mi, em li nhiu loi hnh dch v cht lng ph hp i vi ngi s dng, ng thi em li li ch v hiu sut cao cho nh khai thc.

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C th vic t chc mng da trn s lng thu bao theo vng a l v nhu cu pht trin dch v, khng t chc theo a bn hnh chnh m t chc theo vng lu lng. C th mng vin thng Vit Nam s c t chc thnh cc vng lu lng nh sau: Vng lu lng 1 bao gm cc tnh pha Bc t H Giang n H Tnh. (Tr cc tnh/ thnh ph thuc vng 2). Vng lu lng 2 bao gm H Ni v mt s tnh ln cn Vng lu lng 3 bao gm ton b thu bao thuc 15 tnh min Trung v Ty Nguyn t Qung Bnh n Lm ng. Vng lu lng 4 bao gm TP.H Ch Minh v mt s tnh ln cn. Vng lu lng 5 bao gm cc tnh / thnh ph pha Nam v ng bng sng Cu Long. (Tr cc tnh/ thnh ph thuc vng 4). 3.1.3. Xy dng cu trc mng th h mi mc tiu S pht trin c s h tng mng vin thng Vit Nam trong nhng bc pht trin tip theo s c nh hng pht trin theo cu trc mng vin thng th h mi. Xt v cu trc vt l, mng vin thng mc tiu c phn thnh 2 lp: - Lp li/ chuyn ti. - Lp truy nhp. C th: Lp li/ chuyn ti bao gm cc h thng truyn dn v cc h thng chuyn mch nh sau: - Cc h thng truyn dn lin vng, cc tuyn truyn dn trung k kt ni cc chuyn mch vng. - Cc chuyn mch cng quc t (Gateway), cc chuyn mch chuyn tip lin vng Toll, Tandem, cc chuyn mch vng. Lp truy nhp bao gm: - Truy nhp hu tuyn gm cc h thng truy nhp cp ng, cp quang, - Truy nhp v tuyn bao gm cc h thng thng tin di ng, viba, truy nhp v tuyn c inh. - 31 -

Xt v mt chc nng cu trc mng vin thng mc tiu ca Vit Nam c t chc thnh 5 lp chc nng: - Lp ng dng dch v. - Lp iu khin. - Lp loi/ chuyn ti. - Lp truy nhp. - Lp qun l. Cu trc lp li/ chuyn ti v lp truy nhp tng ng vi lp li/ chuyn ti v lp truy nhp xt v mt cu trc vt l nh trnh by trn. Cu trc lp ng dng dch v Lp ng dng dch v c chc nng cung cp cc ng dng v cc dch v thoi, phi thoi, cc dch v bng rng, cc dch v gi tr gia tng,.. cho khch hng thng qua cc lp di. Cu trc lp iu khin Lp iu khin bao gm cc h thng iu khin thc hin vic kt ni v p ng dch v cho cc thu bao thng qua vic iu khin cc thit b chuyn ti v cc thit b ca lp truy nhp. Lp iu khin bao gm cc b iu khin: - IP/MPLS Controler. - ATM/SVC Controler. - Voice/SS7 Controler. Cu trc lp qun l Lp qun l mng c xy dng theo m hnh qun l mng vin thng TMN (Telecommunication Management Network) ca t chc vin thng quc t ITU bao gm 4 lp: - Lp qun l kinh doanh. - Lp qun l dch v. - Lp qun l mng. - Lp qun l phn t mng.

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Vic qun l mi lp l khc nhau nhng c lin quan vi nhau. Qu trnh lm vic t trn xung, mi lp t ln cc yu cu vi cc lp bn di. Qu trnh lm vic t di ln mi lp cung cp nng lc v tim nng n lp trn.

Lp ng dng/ dch v (Application/ service)

Lp iu khin (Control)

Lp qun l

Lp chuyn ti (Transport/ core)

Lp truy nhp (Access)

Hnh 3.1 Cu trc mng vin thng NGN mc tiu 3.2. Phn tch cc c im cu trc mng vin thng th h mi Cho n nay vn cha c mt khuyn ngh chnh thc no ca t chc vin thng quc t ITU v cu trc mng NGN. Cc hng cung cp thit b vin thng a ra mt s m hnh cu trc mng th h mi NGN khc nhau. Nhng nhn chung t cc m hnh ny cu trc mng vin thng th h mi c c im chung l bao gm cc lp chc nng sau: - Lp ng dng dch v. - Lp iu khin. - Lp li /chuyn ti. - Lp truy nhp. - Lp qun l. Sau y s phn tch c im cu trc ca tng lp chc nng ca mng NGN 3.2.1. c im cu trc lp ng dng dch v Lp ng dng dch v ca cu trc mng NGN phi c kh nng cung cp cc dch v thng thng nh thoi, fax, internet, dch v a phng tin, cc tr chi trn mng thi gian thc, dch v truyn s liu,... v cung cp cc dch v mi

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c xy dng, v d nh dch v o to gio dc t xa qua mng, khm cha bnh t xa, cc dch v tch hp IT (Information Telecommunication), cc dch v hnh nh ng, Do cu trc ca lp ng dng dch v ca mng th h mi NGN phi c cc c im sau: Phi c kh nng lin lc thng tin rng khp a phng tin, m bo tin cy, tc truy nhp cao vi bt k thi gian no, bt k u, phng tin truy nhp g. D s dng, cho php truy nhp cc dch v mt cch nhanh chng, cung cp giao din cho ngi s dng cho php tng tc gia ngi v my tnh mt cch t nhin, c kh nng cung cp cc thng tin tr gip, la chn t ng tng tc vi cac dch v, c kh nng cung cp cc menu cc dch v ng dng cho ngi s dng. Cc dch v qun l thng tin c nhn, cung cp cc dch v gim st thng tin s dng v tnh cc, Qun l thng minh, n gip ngi s dng qun l tnh trng qu ti thng tin bng vic a ra kh nng tm kim, sp xp v lc bn tin hoc d liu. 3.2.2. c im cu trc lp iu khin Lp iu khin c nhim v iu khin kt ni cung cp cc dch v vi bt k loi giao thc no. Lp iu khin bao gm cc h thng iu khin c t chc theo kiu module cc b iu khin: IP/MPLS Controler, ATM/SVC Controler, Voice/SS7 Controler. Lp iu khin thc hin gim st, sa i v gii phng cc phin giao dch c th l: p dng cc dch v/ ng dng cho cc kt ni da trn cc thng tin truy nhp dch v, nhn dng tn hiu bo hiu t xc nh cc tham s cn thit cho dch v thng nht trong qu trnh bt tay vi cc thc th khc, kt ni v khi pht cc bo hiu hoc an xen cc giao thc bo hiu thng qua vic chuyn i cc giao thc bo hiu ny, thc hin qun l cc kt ni trong v sau khi thit lp v iu phi, qun l cc ti nguyn h thng cho cc dch v c yu cu. Thc hin iu khin hu b kt ni, qun l ghi li cc thng s ca cuc kt ni cung cp thng tin cho vic x l tnh cc,

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Lp ng dng

Lp iu khin

B iu khin IP/MPLS

B iu khin Voice/SS7

B iu khin ATM/SVC

Lp qun l Lp qun l

Lp chuyn ti

Chuyn mch lai ghp

Lp truy nhp TCP/IP

Video

Voice

TDM

FR

ATM

Hnh 3.2 Cu trc lp iu khin mng NGN Cc c im cu trc ca lp iu khin: Cu trc lp iu khin phi c kh nng iu khin cc phin giao dch trong mt h thng mng hi t dch v v cng ngh nn n phi c kh nng h tr mt s lng ln cc giao thc khc nhau tng tn ti trong cc mng chuyn mch c lp trc y, nh giao thc bao hiu cuc gi lin i, cc giao thc iu khin cng phng tin MG (Media Gateway), cng ghp trung k ghp ni vi cc mng trc y TG (Trunk Gateway), cng ghp ni vi h thng bo hiu SG (Signaling Gateway), Cu trc lp iu khin phi c kh nng h tr tt c cc dch v mng hin ti bao gm cc dch v c bn, cc dch v mng thng minh, cc dch v b sung ... S bn tin thit lp mt cuc gi ln, trong mng IP s lng cc bn tin dng cho thit lp, duy tr v hu b 1 cuc gi ln hn nhiu so vi cc chuyn mch knh truyn thng, s d nh vy v mng IP cn nhiu thng tin m bo s ng b v an ton thng tin. Do cu trc mng NGN l mt h thng phc v nhiu ngi dng vi nhiu loi hnh dch v do lp iu khin c cc tham s vo l mt tham s ngu nhin c tnh thng k, n ph thuc vo cc yu t nh a bn phc v, thi gian trong ngy v vy vic x l h thng, ti nguyn dng cho x l cuc gi cng thay

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i ph thuc vo cc tham s trn ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo c phc tp ca logic dch v c s dng. Cc h thng iu khin cn x l nhiu cuc gi ng thi. Mi cuc gi ang din ra bao gi cng c nhng CSDL ng cn gim st, nh vy h thng iu khin phi lm vic vi mt CSDL kh ln v i hi thi gian truy xut nhanh. Ngoi vic x l cuc gi, h thng iu khin cng qun l d liu tnh ca thu bao kh ln. C s d liu ca thu bao ny d tnh nhng cng cn thi gian truy xut ngn m bo thi gian chung thit lp cuc gi. 3.2.3. c im cu trc lp chuyn ti/li Lp chuyn ti/li ca mng NGN s thc hin chc nng chuyn mch v chc nng truyn dn: Chc nng chuyn mch Cng ngh chuyn mch mng NGN c nhng thay i ln so vi cc thit b chuyn mch TDM trc y. Cng ngh chuyn mch ca mng th h mi NGN l cng ngh ATM/IP c t chc thnh hai lp chuyn mch - Lp chuyn mch li ATM/IP Core - Lp chuyn mch bin Multiservice Switch Chuyn mch mng th h mi phi c kh nng h tr cc dch v chuyn mch khc vi chuyn mch gi nh chuyn mch TDM, Fram Relay, cc dch v truy nhp v tuyn sang mi trng chuyn mch gi v ngc li. Chc nng truyn dn H thng truyn dn ca mng NGN s thc hin chc nng nh tuyn, truyn ti cc lung thng tin trong mng di s iu khin ca cc thit b thuc lp iu khin. Mng truyn dn mng vin thng th h mi phi c tc truyn dn cao, bng thng ln p ng cho vic truyn ti thng tin yu cu thi gian thc, dung lng ln. Cng ngh truyn dn cho mng NGN s s dng cng ngh truyn dn phn cp s ng b SDH kt hp vi cng ngh ghp knh quang theo bc sng WDM v tin ti xy dng mng truyn dn cng ngh OTN s dng phng thc IP/ATM/SDH/Optic.

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3.2.4. c im cu trc lp truy nhp Cu trc ca lp truy nhp mng vin thng th h mi s bao gm ton b nt truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn nhm cung cp a loi hnh dch v cho thu bao Truy nhp hu tuyn s dng cc ng truyn cp ng, ng truyn tn hiu s xDSL hin ang s dng, ng truyn cp quang. Trong tng lai tin ti truyn dn quang DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) v h thng truy nhp s dng cc ng truyn cp ng, ng truyn dn tn hiu s xDSL s dn thu hp li. Cc thit b truy nhp tch hp c kh nng cung cp cc cng giao tip: POTS, VoIP, IP, ATM, X25, IP-VPN, xDSL, thu bao c th s dng mi truy nhp tng t, s, TDM, ATM, IP, truy nhp cc dch v ng dng ca mng NGN. 3.2.5. c im cu trc lp qun l Lp qun l ca mng th h mi l mt lp c bit xuyn sut cc lp, t lp ng dng dch v cho ti lp truy nhp. Kin trc lp qun l l kin trc gm cc h thng phn tn v mt tp gii hn cc dch v h thng, h tr nhng nhu cu v qun l v iu hnh, kinh doanh. Ti lp qun l mng NGN ngi ta c th trin khai k hoch xy dng mng gim st vin thng TMN (Telecommunications Management Network), nh mt mng ring theo di v iu phi cc thnh phn mng vin thng ang hot ng. V cn bn mng NGN s da trn cc giao din m v cung cp rt nhiu loi hnh dch v trong mt mng n, cho nn mng qun l phi lm vic trong mt mi trng a nh u t, a nh khai thc, a dch v. C rt nhiu t chc a ra cc m hnh qun l mng vin thng th h mi khc nhau, theo khuyn ngh ca t chc vin thng quc t ITU a ra, mng qun l TMN s bao gm 4 lp l : Qun l phn t mng. Qun l mng. Qun l dch v. Qun l kinh doanh.

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Vic qun l mi lp l khc nhau nhng c lin quan vi nhau. Qu trnh lm vic t trn xung, mi lp t ln cc yu cu vi cc lp bn di. Qu trnh lm vic t di ln, mi lp cung cp nng lc v tim nng n lp trn.

Khch hng
Bn hng X l X l t hng khiu ni Ho n cc Qun l QoS

Cc tin trnh qun l mng NGN Cc tin trnh qun l mng NGN

Cc tin trnh qun l kinh doanh Pht trin k hoch dch v Qun l s c dch v Qun l nh gi, cht lng gim gi dch v cc

Cu hnh dch v

Cc tin trnh qun l dch v

Pht trin k hoch mng

Cung cp mng

Qun l, kim k mng

Duy tr, phi hp mng

Qun l d liu mng

Cc tin trnh qun l h thng mng

Cc tin trnh qun l phn t mng

Hnh 3.3 Mng qun l TMN theo khuyn ngh ca ITU 3.3. Cu trc mng vin thng th h mi ca Vit Nam S cu trc mng vin thng th h mi NGN ca Vit Nam c t chc nh hnh 3.4: Cu trc mng NGN gm 5 lp chc nng: Lp ng dng dch v. Lp iu khin. Lp chuyn ti /li. Lp truy nhp. Lp qun l.

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Lp dch v v ng dng Lp iu khin

Service Nodes

Service Nodes

Lp chuyn ti ATM+IP Cp ng trc ATM+IP Mt A Mt B ATM+IP >2.5 Gb/s ATM+IP >2.5 Gb/s ATM+IP Lp qun l ATM+IP ATM+IP

> 155 Mb/s

ATM+IP

ATM+IP

ATM+IP

> 155 Mb/s

ATM+IP KV pha Bc (tr H ni) Lp truy nhp

ATM+IP KV H ni

ATM+IP KV min Trung, Ty Nguyn

ATM+IP KV TP. H Ch Minh

ATM+IP KV pha Nam

Hnh 3.4 Cu trc mng NGN ca Vit Nam 3.3.1. Cu trc lp ng dng dch v Lp ng dng c chc nng cung cp cc dch v thoi, phi thoi, dch v a phng tin, cc dch v gi tr gia tng, dch v bng rng,.. c t chc thnh mt cp trong ton mng nhm cung cp dch v n tn thu bao mt cch thng nht v ng b. S lng nt ng dng dch v ph thuc vo lu lng dch v, s lng v loi hnh dch v ca tng vng. Cc nt ng dng dch v c t tng ng vi v tr t cc nt iu khin v nt chuyn ti. - 39 -

3.3.2. Lp iu khin Lp iu khin c chc nng iu khin lp chuyn ti/ li v lp truy nhp cung cp cc dch v mng vi bt k loi giao thc v bo hiu no. Lp iu khin c t chc thnh mt cp cho ton mng v c phn theo vng lu lng nhm gim ti a cp mng. Lp iu khin c chia thnh cc vng lu lng sau y: Vng lu lng min Bc gm gm cc tnh t H Giang n H Tnh. Vng lu lng H Ni v mt s tnh ln cn. Vng lu lng min Trung v Ty Nguyn t Qung Bnh n Lm ng. Vng lu lng TP.H Ch Minh v mt s tnh ln cn. Vng lu lng min Nam v ng bng sng Cu Long. S lng nt iu khin ph thuc vo lu lng ca tng vng v c t chc thnh tng cp (Plane A&B) nhm m bo tnh an ton mng li khi xy ra s c. Mi mt nt iu khin c kt ni n mt cp nt chuyn mch ATM/IP ng trc.

Lp dch v v ng dng

Service Nodes

Service Nodes

M.Trung

TP.HCM Lp iu khin M.Nam Lp chuyn ti M.Bc

H Ni

Hnh 3.5 Cu trc lp iu khin v ng dng mng NGN Lp iu khin bao gm cc h thng iu khin c t chc theo kiu module cc b iu khin IP/MPLS Controler, ATM/SVC Controler, Voice/SS7 Controler, cc b iu khin ny s c t tng ng vi v tr ca cc nt chuyn mch ATM/IP Core ti 5 vng lu lng. - 40 -

3.3.3. Cu trc lp chuyn ti/li Lp chuyn ti/li c chc nng chuyn mch ATM/IP v chc nng truyn dn Chc nng chuyn mch ATM/IP Chc nng chuyn mch ca lp chuyn ti li s thc hin nhim v chuyn mch tng thch vi k thut chuyn mch gi IP hay chuyn mch knh ATM trn mng chuyn ti. Ngha l n s thc hin chuyn i loi mi trng chng hn TDM, Fram Relay, V Tuyn, sang mi trng truyn dn chuyn mch gi v ngc li. Mng chuyn mch ATM/IP c t chc lm 2 lp: chuyn mch ATM/IP lp li v chuyn mch ATM/IP lp bin. + Chuyn mch ATM/IP lp li Chuyn mch ATM/IP lp li gm 5 trung tm chuyn mch cho 5 vng lu lng: Vng lu lng H Ni t ti H Ni. Vng lu lng cc tnh min Bc t ti H Ni. Vng lu lng min Trung Ty Nguyn t ti Nng. Vng l lng cc tnh min Nam t ti TP.H Ch Minh. Vng lu lng Tp.H Ch Minh t ti TP.H Ch Minh. Cc tng i chuyn mch lp li c kt ni vi nhau theo dng li v t chc lm 2 mt phng chuyn mch A&B nhm m bo an ton mng li, khi mt tng i b s c lu lng s c nh tuyn qua tng i khc theo s iu hnh ca trung tm qun l mng vin thng Quc Gia. Cc chuyn mch ATM/IP lp li thc hin chc nng: Chuyn mch cc cuc gi lin vng. Chuyn mch cc cuc gi i quc t. Lu lng quc t ca cc vng lu lng pha Nam v TP.H Ch Minh c chuyn i quc t qua chuyn mch ATM/IP Core t ti TP.H Ch Minh. Lu lng quc t ca cc vng pha Bc v H Ni c chuyn i quc t qua chuyn mch ATM/IP Core t ti H Ni. Lu lng quc t ca cc vng lu lng min Trung c chuyn i quc t qua chuyn mch ATM/IP Core t ti Nng. - 41 -

+ Chuyn mch ATM/IP lp bin Cc tng i chuyn mch ATM/IP lp bin ng vai tr cc tng i chuyn mch vng, cc node truy nhp a dch v s c kt ni ti cc tng i chuyn mch bin ny. Cc tng i chuyn mch ATM/IP lp bin c phn b nm cc node chuyn mch chnh ca mi vng lu lng nhm mc ch: Gim dn s lng cc tng i Host phn b theo a bn hnh chnh nh hin nay bng cc tng i chuyn mch bin Multiservice Switch cng ngh ATM/IP c dung lng v nng lc ln, t chc phn theo vng lu lng v s lng thu bao, khng t chc theo a gii hnh chnh. Chuyn i dn cu hnh Host - V tinh hin nay sang dng cu hnh chuyn mch a dch v Multiservice. Chc nng truyn dn Cung cp cc ng truyn dn thng tin tc cao s dng cng ngh truyn dn phn cp s ng b SDH kt hp vi cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng quang WDM. Tin ti xy dng mng chuyn ti da trn cng ngh OTN (Optical Transport Networking) s dng phng thc IP/ATM/SDH/Optic. Mng truyn dn c t chc thnh cc vng Ring vi c ch bo v hp l thit b truyn dn m bo an ton mng li phng cc trng hp xy ra s c. Mng truyn dn s kt ni cc chuyn mch li ATM/IP Core vi nhau, kt ni cc chuyn mch li ATM/IP Core vi cc chuyn mch bin ATM/IP Edge, kt ni cc chuyn mch bin ATM/IP Edge vi nhau. Cu trc ca mng truyn dn gm 2 cp: ng trc quc gia, ng truyn dn cp vng. Mng truyn dn cp ng trc quc gia bao gm ton b cc ng truyn dn qua cc nt chuyn mch li ATM/IP Core v c t chc lm 2 mt phng truyn dn v chuyn mch (Plane A&B). S lng v quy m nt chuyn mch ng trc quc gia ph thuc vo mc pht trin lu lng trn mng ng trc, thc hin kt ni cho gia cc nt mng ng trc vi tc truyn dn trn mng ng trc 2,5 Gbps nhm m bo an ton mng li. Mng truyn dn cp ng trc c xy dng trn c s tuyn trc Bc Nam trn quc l 1, tuyn truyn dn dc ng dy 500KV, v tuyn truyn dn cp - 42 -

quang dc tuyn ng H Ch Minh. S dng cng ngh ghp knh quang theo bc sng WDM vi s knh quang 8 hoc 16, tc STM-16 mi knh. Mng truyn dn cp vng bao gm cc ng truyn dn kt ni cc nt chuyn mch ATM/IP ni vng. Cc nt chuyn mch ATM/IP ni vng c kt ni ln 2 plane chuyn mch ng trc quc gia qua cc tuyn truyn dn lin vng vi tc truyn dn 155 Mbps. Mng truyn dn cp vng c xy dng trn c s cc tuyn truyn dn kt ni thnh cc vng Ring ni vng s dng cng ngh truyn dn quang tc truyn dn 155 Mbps.

Hnh 3.6 Cu trc lp chuyn ti/li 3.3.4. Cu trc lp truy nhp Lp truy nhp bao gm ton b cc nt truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn nhm cung cp a loi hnh dch v cho thu bao. Truy nhp v tuyn M rng v pht trin mng thng tin di ng. Pht trin cc dch v mng thng tin di ng th h mi. Pht trin cc dch v vin thng c bn nh: in thoai, fax cho cc vng

nng thn, min ni, hi o. Truy nhp hu tuyn - Tng cng nng lc cung cp dch v bng cch s dng cng ngh truy nhp cp quang cng ngh ATM/IP v truy nhp cc ng truyn dn s xDSL - 43 -

- Thit b truy nhp thu bao c kh nng cung cp cc loi hnh dch v: dch v thoi, dch v s liu, cung cp cc dch v thu knh ring tc cao ti 2Mbps. T chc mng truy nhp trong cu trc mng vin thng th h mi theo nh hng sau - Lp truy nhp bao gm ton b cc nt truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn khng t chc theo a gii hnh chnh. - Cc nt truy nhp ca vng lu lng c kt ni vi cc chuyn mch ni vng, cc chuyn mch ni vng s c kt ni ti nt chuyn mch ng trc ca vng lu lng . - Cc tuyn kt ni nt truy nhp vi nt chuyn mch ni vng c dung lng 2 Mbps v t chc theo vng lu lng v ph thuc vo s lng thu bao. Cng ngh s dng trong mng truy nhp ca mng vin thng th h mi ca Vit Nam gm cc cng ngh sau + Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn: - S dng WLL a dch v. - Thng tin di ng. - Thng tin v tinh. + Cng ngh truy nhp hu tuyn - Cp ng xDSL. - Cp quang. Cc tuyn truyn dn quang lp truy nhp c trin khai theo dng vng Ring SDH cp quang truyn dn tc 2,5Gbps. Khi dung lng vng Ring ni ht > 2,5 Gbps th s dng cng ngh SDH/WDM. Cc thit b truy nhp th h mi phi c kh nng cung cp cng dch v POTS, VoIP, IP, ATM, FR, X25, IP-VPN, xDSL. 3.3.5. Cu trc lp qun l Lp qun l mng vin thng th h mi l mt lp c bit xuyn sut cc lp, t lp ng dng cho ti lp truy nhp. Lp qun l s thc hin theo di, iu phi cc thnh phn mng vin thng ang hot ng.

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Lp qun l mng vin thng Vit Nam c xy dng theo m hnh cu trc lp qun l trong khuyn ngh ca ITU a ra. Lp qun l s bao gm 4 lp chc nng sau: - Qun l phn t mng. - Qun l mng. - Qun l dch v. - Qun l kinh doanh. C th mng qun l ca mng vin thng Vit Nam c t chc nh sau: Mng qun l vin thng quc gia NMC (Network Management Control) ti H Ni c chc nng: - Qun l mng. - Qun l dch v. - Qun l kinh doanh. Cc trung tm qun l tng vng c chc nng: - Qun l trc tip cc phn t mng. - Cung cp cc s liu cho trung tm qun l mng quc gia theo yu cu v tham gia vo qu trnh qun l mng v qun l dch v. 3.4. Cc giai on xy dng mng vin thng Vit Nam tin ti cu trc mng vin thng th h mi mc tiu 3.4.1. Giai on xy dng mng NGN cc vng trng im Trong giai on ny s thc hin xy dng mng chuyn mch lin vng v ni vng ti c 5 vng lu lng v thc hin ghp ni mng PSTN v NGN, mt phn thoi ca mng ng trc PSTN s c chuyn sang mng NGN ng trc.

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Hnh 3.8 Kt ni mng NGN v PSTN Xy dng lp chuyn ti/li Lp chuyn ti/li bao gm chc nng chuyn mch v chc nng truyn dn. * Xy dng mng chuyn mch Mng chuyn mch c tin hnh xy dng lm hai lp: chuyn mch lp li v chuyn mch lp bin. + Chuyn mch lp li Mt phng chuyn mch li c xy dng lm 2 Plane chuyn mch: Plane 1 bao gm cc tng i Gateway v Toll cng ngh TDM hin nay bao gm cc tng i Gateway AXE 105, tng i Toll AXE 10 chuyn mch cho vng mng min Bc, tng i Local Tandem AXE 10 chuyn mch cho vng mng H Ni, tng i AXE 10 Nng chuyn mch cho vng mng min Trung, 2 tng i AXE 10 TP.H Ch Minh v Cn Th chuyn mch cho vng mng min Nam v 2 tng i Local Tandem AXE 10, EWSD chuyn mch cho vng mng TP.H Ch Minh.

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Plane 2 bao gm 5 tng i chuyn mch ATM/IP Core switch t ti 5 vng lu lng, thc hin chuyn mch cho 5 vng lu lng H Ni, Min Bc, Min Trung, Min Nam, v Tp H Ch Minh. Mt phng chuyn mch li thc hin cc chc nng: - Chc nng chuyn mch cc cuc gi lin vng. - Chc nng chuyn mch cc cuc gi t trong vng i quc t. Lu lng quc t ca cc vng mng min Bc v min Nam c chuyn i quc t qua chuyn mch ATM/IP Core t ti H Ni hoc chuyn tip qua cc tng i Toll, Tandem ln tng i Gateway AXE 105 ti H Ni. Lu lng quc t ca cc vng lu lng pha Nam v TP H Ch Minh c chuyn i quc t qua chuyn mch ATM/IP Core t ti TP. H Ch Minh hoc chuyn tip qua cc tng i Toll, Tandem ln tng i Gateway t ti TP.H Ch Minh. Lu lng quc t ca vng lu lng min Trung c chuyn i quc t qua ATM/IP Core t ti Nng hoc chuyn tip qua cc tng i Toll, Tandem ln tng i Gateway AXE 10 t ti Nng. + Chuyn mch lp bin Mng chuyn mch lp bin c xy dng mt s node mng chnh trong mi vng lu lng, cc node chuyn mch bin c t chc da theo s lng thu bao v lu lng ca tng vng. Mng chuyn mch c kt ni nh sau: - Kt ni hnh li 5 tng i ATM/IP Core ca 5 vng lu lng vi nhau qua cc vng Ring SDH cng ngh WDM hnh thnh 4 mt phng mng chuyn mch chuyn tip lin vng. - Tng cp tng i chuyn tip lin vng 2 mt phng mng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau. - Cc tng i Toll cng ngh TDM mt phng mng 1 c kt ni ti cc tng i Host. - Cc tng i ATM/IP Core mt phng mng 2 c kt ni ti cc tng i Multiservice lp bin.

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Hnh 3.9 Cu trc lp chuyn ti li giai on u * Xy dng mng truyn dn Mng truyn dn c xy dng trn c s tuyn trc Bc - Nam trn quc l 1, ng dy 500KV , v ng truyn cp quang trn ng H Ch Minh. S dng k thut ghp knh theo bc sng quang WDM vi s knh quang 8 hoc 16, tc STM-16 mi knh. Mng li trung k kt ni cc tng i ATM/IP lp li v vi cc tng i lp bin c t chc theo cu trc vng Ring k thut truyn dn SDH v WDM gm: - Ring ni 5 tng i ATM/IP Core Switch vi nhau. - Ring ni ATM/IP Core switch vng H Ni vi cc tng i chuyn mch Multiservice lp bin ca mng s liu H Ni, v VDC H Ni. - Ring ni ATM/IP Core switch min Bc vi cc tng i chuyn mch Multiservice lp bin Hi Phng, Qung Ninh. - Ring ni ATM/IP Core Switch vng min Trung vi cc tng i chuyn mch Multiservice lp bin ca VDC Nng, bu in Nng, Khnh Ho, Tha Thin Hu .

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- Ring ni ATM/IP Core Switch vng TP.H Ch Minh vi cc tng i chuyn mch Multiservice lp bin vng mng Tp.H Ch Minh. v VDC Tp.H Ch Minh. - Ring ni ATM/IP Core Switch vng mng min Nam vi cc tng i chuyn mch Multiservice lp bin vng mng ng Nai, Bnh Dng, Cn Th, B Ra - Vng Tu. Xy dng lp truy nhp Pht trin mng truy nhp theo hng nng cp v m rng h thng cc trm Host v v tinh hin c, kt hp vi trang b mi cc nt truy nhp a dch v cng ngh ATM/IP.

Hnh 3.10 Cu trc mng truy nhp giai on u Tip tc tn dng cc tng i Host v tng i v tinh nhng ch cha c yu cu dch v mi. i vi nhng tng i Host v v tinh c kh nng b xung nng cp ph hp vi cu trc mng NGN th khi c nhu cu pht trin thu bao v dch v s tin hnh b xung nng cp, bin cc tng i Host v v tinh ny thnh cc im nt truy nhp NGN.

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i vi cc loi tng i Host v tng i v tinh khng c kh nng b xung nng cp ph hp theo cu trc NGN th khi c nhu cu pht trin thu bao v dch v s tin hnh lp t cc thit b truy nhp mi kt ni v cc tng i chuyn mch bin Multiserver. Dn dn loi b cc tng i Host v tinh c khng ph hp vi cu trc NGN. Xy dng lp iu khin Lp t cc nt iu khin tng ng vi 5 vng lu lng chuyn mch li. Cc b iu khin Controler bao gm IP/MPLS Controler, ATM/SVC Controler Voice/SS7 Controler c lp t tng ng vi v tr ca cc nt chuyn mch li ATM/IP Core ti 5 vng lu lng. Xy dng lp ng dng dch v Trang b cc nt ng dng dch v tng ng vi tng nt iu khin chuyn mch li c trin khai ti 5 vng lu lng. Xy dng lp qun l Mng qun l TMN (Telecommunication Management Network) th h mi c xy dng theo m hnh mng qun l trong khuyn ngh ca t chc vin thng quc t ITU bao gm 4 lp: - Lp qun l phn t mng. - Lp qun l mng. - Lp qun l dch v. - Lp qun l kinh doanh. Xy dng trung tm qun l mng vin thng quc gia c kh nng qun l ti cc thit b ca cc mng chuyn ti ca mng NGN, iu phi lu lng gia cc vng chuyn mch ATM/IP Core. Trung tm qu l mng quc gia s thc hin chc nng qun l ca cc lp: - Qun l kinh doanh. - Qun l dch v. - Qun l mng. Xy dng cc trung tm qun l theo vng lu lng, thc hin chc nng qun l ca cc lp: - Qun l mng vng. - 50 -

- Qun l cc phn t mng. Cc trung tm qun l theo vng s thc hin qun l v x l trc tip cc thit b thuc phm vi qun l vng, qun l mng truy nhp. 3.4.2. Giai on tin ti hon thin cu trc mng vin thng th h mi mc tiu Xy dng lp chuyn ti - Xy dng mng chuyn mch Trong giai on ny mng chuyn mch chuyn tip lin vng s c xy dng vi cu trc hai mt phng chuyn mch ATM/IP Core, mi mt phng c y 5 node chuyn mch ATM/IP Core chuyn mch cho 5 vng lu lng. Cc tng i chuyn mch ATM/IP Core ca mi mt phng c kt ni hnh li vi nhau bng cc mch vng Ring SDH/WDM.

Hnh 3.11 Cu trc mng chuyn ti li mc tiu Tng cp tng i chuyn mch ATM/IP Core tng ng hai mt phng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau. Cc chuyn mch Multiserver lp bin c ni ti chuyn mch ATM/IP Core ca vng lu lng tng ng trn hai mt phng chuyn mch li. - Xy dng mng truyn dn: Mng truyn dn tip tc c nng cp trn c s tuyn trc Bc Nam trn quc l 1, dc ng dy 500KV, tuyn cp quang dc ng H Ch Minh truyn dn theo hng hon ton quang. - 51 -

Xy dng mng chuyn mch quang OTN. Xy dng lp iu khin Xy dng hon thin cc nt iu khin tng ng vi cc nt chuyn mch ATM/IP Core trn mi mt phng chuyn mch c trin khai. Cc b iu khin ATM/SVC Controler, Voice/SS7 Controler, IP/MPLS Controler s c lp t tng ng vi cc nt chuyn mch. Xy dng lp truy nhp Trang b rng ri cc nt truy nhp cng ngh ATM/IP. Tin ti hon thin cu hnh Multiserver Swich-Access Node. Tip tc tn dng cc tng i TDM c ti nhng vng ch c nhu cu ch yu l s dng dch v thoi.

Hnh 3.12 Cu trc mng truy nhp mc tiu Xy dng lp ng dng dch v Pht trin a dng cc loi hnh dch v. Pht trin ni dung cc ng dng dch v. Xy dng Lp qun l Pht trin v hon thin cc chc nng qun l ca m hnh qun l mng vin thng TMN ca ITU y 4 lp.

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3.5. Nhn xt V cu trc Cu trc mng NGN ca Vit Nam c t chc theo nguyn tc da trn s lng thu bao v vng lu lng, khng t chc theo a bn hnh chnh nh mng vin thng hin ti, do gii quyt c nhng nhc im v qun l, tnh cc, s phn cp ln ca mng PSTN hin ti. Vi cch t chc theo vng lu lng v da trn s lng thu bao s m bo hiu sut khai thc mng cao, tn dng c nhng tnh nng u vit ca mng NGN. Mng NGN c kh nng kt ni vi mng PSTN hin ti thng qua cc cng truyn thng MG (Meadia Gateway), cng trung k TG (Trunk Gateway), WG (Wireless Gateway). iu ny cho php kh nng h tr cc dch v ca cc mng vin thng hin ti: thoi, internet, di dng,... m bo vic cung cp cc dch v vin thng hin ti khng b nh hng. Vi cu trc phn lp chc nng: lp ng dng dch v, lp iu khin, lp chuyn ti/li, lp truy nhp, lp qun l thay v vic tch hp thnh mt h thng nh chuyn mch knh, do vic to ra cc dch v mi, v pht trin m rng cu trc c d dng. iu ny gii quyt c bi ton pht trin c cc dch v mi phc v cho nhng nhu cu hin ti v tng lai. Cu trc mng NGN c s phn chia gia phn cng kin trc, phn mm iu khin v mt ct ng dng nn to c hi cho nhng quc gia hay t chc lm phn mm khng c iu kin pht trin phn cng cng c th tham gia vo xy dng h thng cu trc mng v dch v. Trnh c c quyn ca cc hng vin thng ln. V l trnh chuyn i L trnh chuyn i cu trc mng vin thng Vit Nam sang cu trc mng th h mi c thc hin hi ho theo phng thc: xy dng mng li NGN mi, tn dng v ci to mng PSTN theo cu trc NGN. m bo tn dng khai thc nhng dch v hin c v c s h tng vin thng hin ti, khng gy lng ph trong vic chuyn i sang cu trc NGN. y l mt l trnh hp l, t mc tiu v kinh t v k thut.

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KT LUN
1. Mng vin thng hin ti PSTN ca Vit Nam c s ho hon ton c v truyn dn v chuyn mch, vi cng ngh hin i. 2. Mng vin thng hin ti PSTN ca Vit Nam c nhng nhc im: cc tng i c nhiu chng loi do nhiu hng cung cp. Cu trc phn cp mng hn hp va 3 cp va 4 cp, mng li t chc theo a bn hnh chnh nn khng khai thc c ht tim nng ca mng. Mng vin thng hin ti l tp hp ca cc mng ring l, mi mng ch cung cp nhng dch v nht nh. Cc dch v ca mng hin ti thng c tch hp lun vo cc thit b ca nh khai thc. Nhng nhc im ny gy kh khn trong cng tc qun l, t chc v pht trin cc dch v mi. 3. Nhng nhu cu ca x hi thng tin kt hp vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin v in t vin thng thc y s ra i mng th h mi NGN. Vic xy dng mng NGN khng ch l bc tin ca ngnh vin thng th gii m cn l bc i tt yu ca ngnh vin thng Vit Nam, gp phn hon thin c s h tng vin thng nc ta theo hng hin i. 4. Nhng nghin cu ca ITU v NGN v gii php xy dng NGN do cc hng sn xut thit b vin thng a ra u da trn nguyn tc xy dng mt mng a dch v da trn duy nht mt c s h tng. 5. Tng i th h mi ch lm chc nng chuyn mch, cn chc nng iu khin, qun l v cung cp dch v c tch ra c lp vi chc nng chuyn mch. 6. Cu trc mng NGN ca Vit Nam gm 5 lp chc nng: lp ng dng dch v, lp iu khin, lp chuyn ti/li, lp truy nhp, lp qun l v t chc phn theo vng lu lng. Khng t chc theo a bn hnh chnh nh hin nay. 7. Vit Nam s chuyn i t mng vin thng hin ti sang cu trc mng th h mi NGN c thc hin theo phng thc: xy dng mng li NGN mi, tn dng v ci to PSTN theo cu trc NGN, qu trnh chuyn i va m bo khai thc nhng tin ch mi ca mng NGN va tn dng c nhng c s h tng vin thng hin c. m bo hiu qu v kinh t v k thut. - 54 -