ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF THREE TOPOLOGIES OF THE LADDER MULTILEVEL DC/DC CONVERTER

NAME : P.K. VIJAYA NARENDRAN ROLL .NO : 1129010

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GUIDED BY MR . MAHIBAN LINDSAY

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ABSTRACT :
In this Project , three DC/DC ladder multilevel Converters are compared .

The first one is the Classical ladder topology and the two other topologies presented are based on the Classical one .
A mathematical calculation of the output resistance and the gain of the Converter as a function of the number of levels is carried out for the three topologies in Order to estimate the voltage drop due to the output current . These calculations are validated with simulations and experimental results . Finally , the behavior of the three topologies is compared through experimental tests . Results show higher performance for the presented Converters compared to the Classical ladder .
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BLOCK DIAGRAM :

DC SUPPLY

SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER

LOAD

CONTROL SIGNAL

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EXISTING SYSTEM :
Classical switched power converters have some limitations in High-voltage applications . They commonly require switching & passive energy storage components with operating voltages higher than the output voltage . With the increase of High-voltage applications , these converters such as Boost & Buck need high voltage and fast-switching components , which are not fabricated with current technologies . These converters , called switched capacitor converters , which are widely used nowadays , present inherent power losses due to their own operating principle .

Moreover , conduction & switching losses in the semiconductor devices and losses in the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor are produced by the current spikes that occur when two capacitors are interconnected .
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In , these current spikes are reduced using resonant techniques that add a Small inductance in series with the capacitors , minimizing also the switching Losses .
Nevertheless , at high frequencies , these inductors contribute to the converter losses .

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DISADVANTAGE OF EXISTING SYSTEMS :

High Conduction losses .

High Switching losses .

Low Efficiency .

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PROPOSED SYSTEM :
The CLT (classical ladder topology) , is a simplified form of the flying capacitor Topology . Both topologies are compared in and the simplicity of the ladder topology is demonstrated since it requires less control signals and less switching & capacitive components . As the converters studied in this paper are analyzed as Voltage elevators . However , since these converters are bidirectional , the analysis can be extended to step-down applications . This topology requires only two control signals , Hc1 and its complementary Hc2 These control signals have a constant duty cycle d equal to an ideal output voltage with voltage Nc cells of Vout =(Nc+1)Vin and the number of necessary Capacitors Ncap & Switches Ns as :

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Ncap = 2Nc
Number of necessary capacitors is Ncap .

Ns = 2Nc +2 Number of Switches is Ns .

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ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM :

High efficiency Reduced Conduction & switching losses . Less current & voltage spikes Less control signals & less switching & capacitive components .

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS :
MATLAB 7.14 .

HARDWARE RQUIREMENTS :
Power MOSFET Driver IC Capacitor Inductor Controller Regulators Diodes .

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LITERATURE REVIEW :
1 . R.w. Erickson and D. Maksimovic , Fundamentals of Power electronics . 2nd ed . Norwell , MA:Kluwer , 2001 . 2 . N.Mohan , T.M. Undeland , & W.p.Robbins , Power Electronics , Converters , Applications , and Design , 2nd ed. Newyork : Wiley , 1995 . 3 . T.A. Meynard & H.Foch , Multilevel Conversion: High-voltage choppers & Voltage source inverters , in proc.23rd annu. IEEE Power electron.spc.Conf.Rec.,1992 . 4 . Y.s. Kim , B.s. Seo , & D.s. Hyun , A novel structure of multilevl high voltage source inverter , in proc . IEEE region 10 conf (TENCON) .

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THANK YOU

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