Bi ging mn K thut in

Ging vin: Ths.L Trung Dng Ging vin: Ths.L Trung Dng
B mn: K thut in
Khoa: Nng lng
Email: dung80@gmail.com
nGio trnh:
nNhp mn K thut in Bm.K thut in, DHTL
nIntroduction to electrical engineering - Sarma, Mulukutla S
nng link:
nhttp://www.4shared.com/dir/26631729/c66310dd/Ky_thuat_dien.html
nhttp://cid-aef65ac247949ece.skydrive.live.com/browse.aspx/Public
Nhp mn K thut in
n Phn 1. K thut in
n Chng 1
n Chng 2 n Chng 2
n Chng 3
n Chng 4
Chng 1-Khi nim v mch
in
1. Cc i lng in
2. Cc phn t mch
3. Cc nh lut Kirchhoff 3. Cc nh lut Kirchhoff
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
n in tch v lc in
n Cht dn in v cht cch in
n Dng in v lc t n Dng in v lc t
n in th v in p
n Ngun v ti
n Dng sng
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
in tch v lc in
n in tch
n Mt proton c in tch l +1,602 10
-19
coulombs (C), trong khi
mt electron c in tch l -1,602 10
-19
C.
n Mt in tch to ra mt in trng, v cc in tch gy ra cc
lc tc ng ln cc in tch khc lc tc ng ln cc in tch khc
n Lc in
n nh lut Coulomb xc nh lc in o bng newtons (N) ca
mt in tch im tc ng ln mt in tch im khc:
Hnh 1.1.1 Minh ha nh lut Coulomb
1 2
21 21
2
0
2 1
12 12
2
0
4
4
QQ
F a
R
Q Q
F a
R

=
=
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
in tch v lc in
n Cng in trng
n Cng in trng do Q1 gy ra ti im t
ca Q2
12
2
1
1
4
a
R
Q
E

=
n Lc in:
12
2
0
1
4
a
R
E

=
1 2 12
E Q F =
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Cht dn in v cht cch in
n Vt liu cho php in tch d dng
chy qua n c gi l cht dn in.
V d a s kim loi nh bc, vng, V d a s kim loi nh bc, vng,
ng v nhm l cht dn in
n Cht cch in l cc vt liu khng cho
php cc in tch d dng chuyn
ng. V d nh thy tinh, nha, s
gm v cao su.
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Dng in v lc t
n Dng in: Dng in c nh ngha l tc chuyn ng
cc in tch dng thc t qua tit din ngang ca mt vt
dn
dt
dq
t i = ) (
n Lc t v nh lut Ampere:
0 2 2 21
21 1 1
2
0 1 1 12
12 2 2
2
4
4
I dl a
dF I dl
R
I dl a
dF I dl
R

| |

=
|
\
| |

=
|
\
Vng 2
Vng 1
Hnh 1.1.2 Minh ha nh
lut Ampere (lc)
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Dng in v lc t
n nh lut Biot-Savart: S phn b dng in
to ra t trng, Mi phn t dng in b tc
ng thng qua mt t trng gy bi cc
phn t dng in khc
I dl a
n trong B l vector mt t thng vi n
v o l N/A.m hoc thng thng l weber
mi meter vung (Wb/m2) hoc tesla (T).
0 1 1 12
1
2
0 2 2 21
2
2
4
4
I dl a
B
R
I dl a
B
R

=
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Dng in v lc t
n Lc t tc ng ln in tch q chuyn ng vi vn tc v:
( / ) ( ) dF I dl dq dt vdt dq v
F v

= = =
=
n Phng trnh lc Lorentz: Lc tng cng tc ng ln mt in
tch th q chuyn ng vi vn tc trong mi trng c trng tch th q chuyn ng vi vn tc trong mi trng c trng
bng cng in trng v mt t thng
( ) B v E q F F F + = + =
M E
1.1 Chng 1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
in th v in p
n in th v in p:
n in th:
n in p:
( )
( )
dq
x dw
x v =
A B BA
v v v =
n in p:
n Nng lng v cng sut:
n Cng sut tc thi p c nh ngha l tc
bin i ca nng lng dw/dt
n Nng lng:
A B BA
v v v =
i v
dt
dq
dq
dw
dt
dw
p =
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
= =

=
T
dt p w
0
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Ngun v ti
n Ngun: Cp nng lng
n Ti: Nhn nng lng
n Kt hp ngun v ti:
n Nt c nh ngha l im ni chung ca t 2 thnh phn hoc thit b tr ln
n Phn mch in ch cha 1 thnh phn, ngun hoc thit b, gia hai nt c gi l
nhnh
n Vng l li i khp kn qua cc nhnh. n Vng l li i khp kn qua cc nhnh.
n Mt (s) tng p biu din mt ngun in vi cc in tch (dng) chuyn ng v
ni c th cao hn trong khi mt st p biu din mt ti vi cc in tch chuyn
ng v ni c in th thp hn
n Ngun l tng:
n Ngun p l tng: Mt ngun in p l tng c in p u cc v l mt hm thi
gian khng ph thuc vo dng in i chy qua ngun.
n Ngun dng l tng: mt ngun c dng in i l hm theo thi gian v khng ph
thuc in p trn u cc ca ngun.
n Ngun c lp: Nu ngun in p hoc dng in khng ph thuc vo bt c in
p v dng in no khc th n c gi l cc ngun c lp. Cn c cc ngun ph
thuc hay ngun (b) iu khin.
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Ngun v ti
n V d:
Hnh 1.1.4 Kt ni ngun v ti
ngun ti
Nt a
Nt b
Hnh 1.1.5 Ngun in p. (a) Ngun dc l tng. (b) Ngun ac hnh sin l tng.
Nt b
t
Hnh 1.1.6 K hiu mch, quan h i ~ v.
(a) ngun in p l tng. (b) ngun dng in l tng.
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.1 Cc i lng in
Dng sng
n Dng sng mt chiu: chu k bng v
hn
n Dng sng sin: n Dng sng sin:
n M t:
n Gi tr trung bnh:
n Gi tr hiu dng:
n Dng sng hm m:
( ) ( ) + = t A t f sin
( )

=
T
dt t f
T
F
0
av
1
( )

=
T
dt t f
T
F
0
2
rms
1
( )
t
Ae t f

=
Chng 1 1.1
Chng 1
1.2 Phn t mch tp trung
n in tr
n in dung
n in cm n in cm
Chng 1
Chng 1
1.2 Phn t mch tp trung
in tr
n Mt in tr l tng l mt phn t mch c tnh cht: dng
in qua n t l tuyn tnh vi in p gia hai u cc ca n
R v i =
n Bin i tng ng:
n Ni tip
Song song n Song song
n Truyn ti cng sut cc i:
Hnh 1.2.3 Truyn ti cng sut gia ngun v ti.
Ghi ch:
R
L
= 0 c ngha l ngn mch; v
L
= 0 v i
L
= v / R
S
R
L
c ngha l h mch; i
L
= 0 v v
L
= v
Ngun
Ti
( )
( )
2 2 2
L L L 2 2
S
S L
S L
4
2
v v v
P R R
R
R R
R R
= =
+
( ) ( ) ( ) G v R v R i t i t v t p
2 2 2
= = = =
G V R V R I I V P
2
rms
2
rms
2
rms rms rms av
= = = =
Chng 1 1.2
Chng 1
1.2 Phn t mch tp trung
in dung
n Mt t in l tng l mt phn t tch ly nng lng (khng c tn
tht) ca mch in c trng cho hiu ng in trng. in dung
o bng farads (F) v c nh ngha
v q C =
( )
dv
C
dq
t i = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 1 1
0
v d i d i d i t v
t t
+ = + =


n Bin i tng ng:
n Ni tip
( )
dt
dv
C
dt
dq
t i = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 1 1
0 0
v d i
C
d i
C
d i
C
t v + = + =



2 1 eq
1 1 1
C C C
+ =
n Song song
2 1 eq
C C C + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
dt
t dv
t v C t i t v t p = =
n Cng sut tc thi:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) = = =


2 2
2
1
2
1
v C t v C d
d
dv
v C d p t w
t t

n Nng lng tch ly:
Chng 1 1.2
Chng 1
1.2 Phn t mch tp trung
in cm
n Mt cun cm l tng cng l mt phn t tch ly nng lng
(khng c tn tht) ca mch in ging nh in dung nhng li c
trng cho hiu ng t trng. in cm o bng henry (H)
i
N
i
L

= =
( )
( ) ( ) di Li d d N d d
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
0 t t

n Bin i tng ng:
n Ni tip n Song song
( )
( ) ( )
dt
di
L
dt
Li d
dt
d
N
dt
N d
dt
d
t v = = = = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 1 1
0
0
0
i d v
L
d v
L
d v
L
t i
t t
+ = + =



2 1 eq
L L L + =
2 1 eq
1 1 1
L L L
+ =
n Cng sut tc thi: n Nng lng tch ly:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
dt
t di
t i L t i t v t p = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = =

2 2
2
1
2
1
Li t Li d p t w
t

Chng 1 1.2 1.2
Chng 1
1.3 Cc nh lut Kirchhoff
n nh lut Kirchhoff dng in
n nh lut Kirchhoff in p
Chng 1
Chng 1
1.3 Cc nh lut Kirchhoff
nh lut Kirchhoff dng in
n Pht biu: Ti mi thi im xt, tng cc dng in chy vo nt bt
k ca mch in bng tng cc dng in chy ra khi nt . iu
c ngha l tng i s dng in ti mt nt bng 0, hoc c ngha
l khng c im nt no c kh nng tch ly in tch
n Biu din:
0
n
j
i =

n Biu din:
n V d p dng:
Nt a
Hnh 1.3.1 M t nh lut Kirchhoff dng in
0
5 4 3 2 1
= + + i i i i i
0
0
j
j
i
=
=

Chng 1 1.3
Chng 1
1.3 Cc nh lut Kirchhoff
nh lut Kirchhoff in p
n Trong mt vng kn (li i khp kn ca mch in, theo khng i
qua phn t hoc nt no qu 1 ln), theo chiu xc nh, tng i s
cc in p (st p hoc tng p) bng khng (zero). Ni cch khc,
trong mt vng kn, tng cc tng p bng tng cc st p. Mt vng
kn khng cha cc vng kn khc c gi l mt mt mng.
0
m
v =
n Biu din:
n V d p dng:
0
0
j
j
v
=
=

Ngun
ph thuc
Hnh 1.3.2 M t nh lut
Kirchhoff in p.
0
5 4 3 2 1
= + + v v v v v
Chng 1 1.3
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch
mch in
1. Mch tng ng Thvenin v
Norton
2. Phn tch in p nt 2. Phn tch in p nt
3. Phn tch dng in vng
4. Bin i sao tam gic
5. Nguyn l xp chng
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch mch in
2.1. Mch tng ng Thvenin v Norton
on mch tuyn
tnh bao gm
ngun l tng v
in tr tuyn tnh
B Ai v + =
oc Th
v i R v + =
sc
Th Th
oc
Th
i
R
v
R
v
R
v
A
B
A
v
i = = =
Hnh 2.1.1 Mch tng ng.
(a) Mng hai cc hoc mt ca. (b) Mch tng ng Thvenin. (c) Mch tng ng Norton.
V d
Chng 2
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch mch in
2.2. Phng php in p nt
n Mc ch: xc nh in p cc nt, t xc nh cc i lng
in khc (p dng cho bi ton khng c ngun ph thuc)
n Qui tc:
n Gi s mng c n+1 nt
n a bi ton v dng Norton n a bi ton v dng Norton
n Chn 1 nt lm gc, t cc in p cc nt cn li l n s
n Lp h phng trnh theo nh lut LKD cho n phng trnh:
N N
N
N
I V G V G V G
I V G V G V G
I V G V G V G
= +
= +
=
NN 2 N2 1 N1
2 2N 2 22 1 21
1 1N 2 12 1 11
...
...
...

Tng in dn ni vi nt j.
Tng in dn ni gia hai nt i v j
Tng i s ngun dng in chy vo
nt j
jj
G
ij ji
G G =
j
I
Gii h phng trnh, tm c kt qu l in p cc nt:
Tm cc i lng in khc cn quan tm
V d
Chng 2
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch mch in
2.3. Phng php dng in vng
n Mc ch: xc nh cc dng in vng chy khp kn gi tng
chy trong cc vng c lp, t xc nh cc i lng khc
n Qui tc:
n Gi s mng c n vng c lp
n a bi ton v dng Thvenin n a bi ton v dng Thvenin
n t cc dng in vng (c chiu ging nhau) lm n s
n Lp h phng trnh theo nh lut LKA cho m phng trnh:
Tng in tr trong vng j.
Tng in tr gia hai vng i v j
Tng i s ngun p trong vng j
jj
R
ij ji
R R =
j
V
Gii h phng trnh, tm c kt qu l cc dng in vng:
Tm cc i lng in khc cn quan tm
V d:
N N
N
N
V I R I R I R
V I R I R I R
V I R I R I R
= +
= +
=
NN 2 N2 1 N1
2 2N 2 22 1 21
1 1N 2 12 1 11
...
...
...

Chng 2
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch mch in
2.4. Bin i sao tam gic
Hnh 2.4.1 Bin i
sao - tam gic.
(a) Cu trc sao.
(b) Cu trc tam
gic
Trng hp
c bit
AB CA AB BC CA BC
A B C
AB BC CA AB BC CA AB BC CA
; ;
R R R R R R
R R R
R R R R R R R R R
= = =
+ + + + + +
A B B C C A A B B C C A A B B C C A
AB BC CA
C A B
; ;
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
R R R
R R R
+ + + + + +
= = =
3

Y
R
R =
Y
3R R =
Chng 2
Chng 2 - K thut phn tch mch in
2.5 Nguyn l xp chng
n Nguyn l xp chng:
n p ng tng trn mi mt phn t l tng i s ca cc
p ng gy bi tng ngun c lp hot ng ring r
n Biu thc:
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) f K x K x K f x K f x + = +
Biu thc:
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) f K x K x K f x K f x + = +
n p dng:
n Mt ngun c lp c coi l hot ng ring r khi
n Ngn mch cc ngun p khc
n H mch cc ngun dng khc
Chng 2
Chng 3 Phn tch mch
theo thi gian
1. Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
2. Qu trong mch in
3. Bin i Laplace 3. Bin i Laplace
4. p ng tn s
Chng 2
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n Khi nim
n p ng v kch thch: p ng ca mt h thng vt l trng
thi b kch thch ph thuc vo dng kch thch, s lng,
chng loi
n p ng t nhin v cng bc: p ng ton phn ni chung
gm p ng cng bc xc nh bi kch thch c th v cc gm p ng cng bc xc nh bi kch thch c th v cc
tc ng ca n ln cc phn t ca h thng, v p ng t
nhin quy nh bi cc phn t ca h thng v tc ng qua
li ca chng
n Qu v xc lp
n Trng thi xc lp sin
n p ng vi kich thch hm m:
n Kch thch c dng hm m: Ae
st
vi s l bin phc
n p ng c cng dng sng
n in tr
n in cm
n T in
Chng 3
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n in tr:
n Quan h u-i trn min thi gian
R R
i R v =
R R
v G i =
n Khi kch thch c dng hm m: v(t) = Ve
st
v i(t) = Ie
st
R R
I R V =
R R
V G I =
Chng 3
R R
I R V =
R R
V G I =
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n in cm:
n Quan h u-i trn min thi gian
n Khi kch thch c dng hm m: v(t) = Ve
st
v i(t) = Ie
st
dt
di
L v
L
L
=

= dt v
L
i
L L
1
Chng 3
L L
I sL V ) ( =
L L
V sL I ) / 1 ( =
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n in dung:
n Quan h u-i trn min thi gian
n Khi kch thch c dng hm m: v(t) = Ve
st
v i(t) = Ie
st

= dt i
C
v
C C
1
dt
dv
C i
C
C
=
Chng 3
C C
I sC V ) / 1 ( =
C C
V sC I ) ( =
n V d 3.1.2
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n p ng cng bc vi kch thch sin:
n Kch thch: v(t) = V
m
cos(t+ )
n Biu din dng hm m: n Biu din dng hm m:
Chng 3
[ ]
t j
b
t j
a
t j t j
m
e V e V e e
V
t v
+ +
+ = + =
) ( ) (
2
) (
n V d 3.1.3
n p ng cng bc:
n in tr
n in cm
n in dung
R R
I R V =
R R
V G I =
L L L L
I jX I L j V = =
L L L L
V jB V L j I = = ) / 1 (
C C C C
I jX I C j V = = ) / 1 (
C C C C
V jB V C j I = = ) (
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n Mch R-L-C:
n Quan h u-i:
I jX R I Z V ) ( + = =
Chng 3
I jX R I Z V ) ( + = =
n Tng tr, tng dn:
) (
1
) (

j Y
jX R j Z = + =
) (
1
) (

j Z
jB G j Y = + =
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n Phng php vector phc:
n Cc i lng sin c bin i v dng vector phc:
Qui c:
[ ]
t j j
e e I t I i

rms rms
2 Re ) ( cos 2 = + =

= =
rms rms
I e I I
j
Chng 3
n Qui c:
n ln bng gi tr hiu dng
n Gc pha bng gc pha ban u khi t = 0
n Quan h u-i trn cc phn t R-L-C
n Nhnh R-L-C
n Gin vector:
n Mch ghp ni tip: chn vector phc dng in lm chun
n Mch ghp song song: chn vector in p lm chun
n V d 3.1.4
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
Chiu quay ca cc
vector phc
Vector phc trong min tn s
Min thi gian
Chng 3
Chiu quay ca cc
vector phc
Chiu quay ca cc
vector phc
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n Cng sut v h s cng sut trong mch xoay
chiu
n Cng sut tc thi:
) ( cos 2 ) (
rms
+ = t V t v
t I t i cos 2 ) (
rms
=
Chng 3
t I t V t i t v t p cos 2 . ) ( cos 2 ) ( . ) ( ) (
rms rms
+ = =
) (2 cos cos
2 sin sin ) 2 (1 cos ) (
rms rms rms rms
rms rms rms rms


+ + =
+ =
t I V I V
t I V t I V t p
n Cng sut trung bnh:
cos
rms rms av
I V P =
n Cng sut tc dng:
R I I V P
2
rms rms rms
cos = =
n Cng sut phn khng:
sin
rms rms
2
rms
I V X I Q = =
( )
*
rms rms rms rms
sin cos I V j I V jQ P S S = + = + = =
n Cng sut biu kin:
2 2
S P Q = +
n Cng sut biu kin phc:
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.1 Phn tch phc ch xc lp sin
n H s cng sut cos:
n Sm pha
n Tr pha
n Tam gic cng sut:
Chng 3
Ngun Ti
Ht 3.1
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.2 Qu trong mch in
n Khi nim:
n Qu , xc lp
n Dng in v in p trn t in v in cm khng th
bin i tc thi
n Mch bc nht: n Mch bc nht:
n Mch RL:
Chng 3
( )
( ) ( ) t v t Ri
dt
t Ldi
= +
n Phng trnh:
( )
( )
( )
L
t v
t i
L
R
dt
t di
= +
( )
( ) ( )
0
dx t
a x t f t
dt
+ = +
n Phng trnh nghim:
( )
( ) ( )
( )

( ) ( )
( )
ss ss ss ss
0 0 0 0
at at at
x t x x e x t x e x e x t
+ + + +
(
= + = +

(p ng qu ) (p ng xc lp) (p ng t nhin) (p ng cng bc)

n V d 3.2.1
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.2 Qu trong mch in
n Mch bc hai:
n Mch RLC:
Phng trnh:
Cc
ngun l
tng v
cc in
tr tuyn
tnh
Tng ng Thvenin
( )
t
Chng 3
n Phng trnh:
n V d 3.2.5
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) t v t i R d i
C dt
t di
L
t
Th L Th L
L
1
= + +

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) t f t x b
dt
t dx
a
dt
t x d
= + +
2
2
Ht 3.2
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.3 Php bin i Laplace
n nh ngha:
n Tnh cht:
n Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
( ) [ ] ( ) ( )

= =
0
dt e t f s F t f
st
L
( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) t f s F s F t f = =
1 -
L L
( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) s F B s F A t f B t f A
2 1 2 1
+ = + L
Bin i ca o hm v tch phn: trng hp iu kin
Chng 3
n Bin i ca o hm v tch phn: trng hp iu kin
u bng 0
n Php nhn vi s trong min tn s tng ng vi php o
hm trong min thi gian
n Php chia cho s trong min tn s tng ng vi php tch
phn trong min thi gian.
n Mt s tnh cht khc:
Chng 3 Phn tch mch theo thi gian
3.3 Php bin i Laplace
n ng dng bin i Laplace trong gii phng trnh vi
phn:
Phng trnh
vi tch phn
Cc phng trnh
i s
Cc dng
chun
Nghim
tng qut
Php bin i
Laplace
Thao tc
i s
Php bin i
ngc
Chng 3
vi tch phn i s chun tng qut
Cc iu kin
ban u
Hnh 3.3.1 Lu phng php gii phng trnh vi phn nh bin i Laplace.
n V d 3.3.1
Ht 3.3
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha
v h thng in dn dng
1. Ngun in p ba pha v th t pha
2. Ph ti ba pha i xng
3. o cng sut 3. o cng sut
4. H thng in dn dng
5. Mc tiu hc tp
6. Bi tp
Chng 3
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.1 Ngun in ba pha va th t pha
Chng 4
a) Dng sng trong min thi gian
b) Vc t phc th t pha thun
c) Vc t phc th t pha nghch
My pht ba pha hai cc n gin
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.1 Ngun in ba pha va th t pha
S ni cc cun dy
Chng 4
Hnh 4.1.3 S cc cun dy ca my pht.
(a) Ni sao i xng. (b) Ni tam gic i xng.
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.1 Ngun in ba pha va th t pha
Quan h in p dy-pha i vi ngun mc sao
a) Ngun ba pha ni
Sao i xng
Chng 4
Sao i xng
b) Vc t phc cho
Ngun ba pha th t
(ABC)
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.1 Ngun in ba pha va th t pha
S ni cc cun dy
Chng 4
Hnh 4.1.3 S cc cun dy ca my pht.
(a) Ni sao i xng. (b) Ni tam gic i xng.
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.1 Ngun in ba pha va th t pha
Th t pha:
n Th t pha thun A-B-C: K hiu pha A-B-C c ngha l khi i
xng, in p v dng in pha A sm v pha so vi in p
v dng in pha B mt gc 120 v so vi inp v dng
in pha C mt gc 240.
n Th t pha nghch: Nu chiu quay ca my pht i nguc
li, hoc hai dy bt k trong ba dy ni t phn ng ra cc
Chng 4
li, hoc hai dy bt k trong ba dy ni t phn ng ra cc
u cc my pht (khng k dy trung tnh) i ch cho nhau,
th t pha nhn c s l A-C-B (hoc C-B-A hoc B-A-C), n
c gi l
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.2 Ph ti ba pha i xng
Ph ti ni sao (Y)
Chng 4
a) S ni
b) Gin vc t phc
c) Mch mt dy tng ng
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.2 Ph ti ba pha i xng
Kt lun
n Ti ni sao i xng dng in trung tnh lun bng khng.
n Cc dng in dy v dng in pha tng ng bng nhau v ln
v cng pha.
n V ln, cc in p dy bng ln in p pha. V pha th cc
in p pha chm pha hn cc in p dy tng ng mt gc 30.
3
Chng 4
in p pha chm pha hn cc in p dy tng ng mt gc 30.
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.2 Ph ti ba pha i xng
Ph ti ni tam gic ()
Chng 4
a) S ni
b) Gin vc t
phc
c) Mch mt dy
tng ng
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.2 Ph ti ba pha i xng
Kt lun
n Vi mt ti ni tam gic i xng, cc in p dy v in p pha
tng ng bng nhau v ln v cng pha.
n V ln, cc dng in dy bng ln dng in pha, v cc
dng in pha nhanh pha hn cc dng in dy tng ng mt gc
30.
3
Chng 4
30.
n V d 4.2.1
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.3 Cng sut trong mch ba pha i xng
n Cng sut tc dng
n Cng sut phn khng
n Cng sut biu kin
cos 3
ph ph
I V P =
cos 3
L L
I V P =
sin 3
ph ph
I V Q =
sin 3
L L
I V Q =
2 2
3 3 I V I V Q P S S = = + = =
Chng 4
n Cng sut biu kin
n o cng sut
S ni theo phng php hai wattmeter
L L ph ph
2 2
3 3 I V I V Q P S S = = + = =
jQ P S + =
A A AB A
cos I V W =
C C CB C
cos I V W =
V d 4.3.1
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.4 H thng in dn dng
n Theo m mu cch in, cc dy nng c k hiu bng ch B (black
en) hoc R (red ), dy trung tnh bng ch W (white trng) v
dy t (hoc dy khng cch in) bng ch G (green xanh). S khc
nhau v chc nng gia dy trung tnh v dy t s c cp sau,
khi xem xt h thng dy in.
Chng 4
Chng 4 Mch in ba pha v h thng in
dn dng
4.4 H thng in dn dng
n Aptomat c tn gi l b ngt
mch s c chm t GFCI
(ground-fault circuit interruption)
n Lu l tt cc cc u dy
nng dn ra u phi ni qua
Chng 4
nng dn ra u phi ni qua
mt aptomat, cn tt c cc dy
trung tnh v dy ni t phi ni
trc tip vi t ti thanh ci
trung tnh.