S GD&T TUYN QUANG

TRNG THPT TN TRO

Cu 1 (2,75 im ; thi gian lm bi

15 pht)
Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c
tng s ht proton, ntron v electron
l 115, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
33 ht. Hy cho bit:
1. (Mc C; 2,25 im): S ht
proton, ntron v electron c trong X.
2. (Mc A; 0,5 im): S khi ca
X
Cu 2 (3,75 im ; thi gian lm bi
15 pht)
Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron
ca 1 nguyn t R l 76, trong s
ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 20. Hy cho bit:
1. (Mc C; 2.75 im): S ht
proton, ntron v electron c trong X.
2. (Mc A; 0,5 im): S khi ca
R
3. (Mc B; 0,5 im): Th t cc
mc nng lng v cu hnh electron
nguyn t R
Cu 3 (2,5 im ; thi gian lm bi
10 pht )
Trong t nhin brom c 2 ng v bn
79
81
l 35 Br (chim 54,5%) v 35 Br (chim
45,5%). Hy xc nh:
1. (Mc B; 1,0 im): Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca brom.
2. (Mc A; 1,5 im): S ht
79
proton, ntron v electron ca 35 Br v
81
35

Br

BI TP T LUN: 2011-2012
MN: HA HC LP 10- CHNG TRNH C BN

P N
1. Gi s ht proton, ntron v electron ca nguyn t X ln
lt l Z, N v Z.
-Tng s ht ca nguyn t l 115, nn ta c:
2Z + N = 115 (1)
- S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33
nn
2Z N = 33 (2)
- Gii h (1) v (2) ta c:
Z = 37 => S p =37 ; s e= 37
N = 41 => S n =41
2. S khi A = Z + N
= 37 + 41
= 78
1. Gi s ht proton, ntron v electron ca nguyn t X ln
lt l Z, N v Z.
-Tng s ht ca nguyn t l 115, nn ta c:
2Z + N = 76 (1)
- S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33
nn
2Z N = 20 (2)
- Gii h (1) v (2) ta c:
Z = 24 => S p = 24 ; s e = 24
N = 28 => S n = 28
2. S khi A = Z + N = 24 + 28 = 52
3.- Th t cc mc nng lng ca nguyn t R (Z = 24) l:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t R (Z = 24) l:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
1. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l:
ABr =

79.54,5 + 81.45,5
= 79,91
100

2.
K hiu
Br

79
35

81
35

S e
35

S p
35

S n
44

35

35

46

Br

37
Cu 4 (Mc C; 2,0 im; thi
17 Cl l: a (%)
Gi
phn
trm
ca
ng
v
gian lm bi:10 pht)
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l
35
35,5 u. Trong t nhin clo c 2 ng v => Phn trm ca ng v 17 Cl l: (100 - a) %
35
37
bn 17 Cl v 17 Cl . Xc nh phn trm - Ta c:
35.(100 a) + 37.a
ca mi loi ng v?
ACl =
= 35,5 (u) (1)
100
=> a = 25 %
37
Vy: ng v 17 Cl l: 25 (%)

ng v

35
17

Cl l: 75 (%)

Cu 5 (3,0 im; thi gian lm bi:

15 pht
Cho cc nguyn t c s hiu nguyn
t ln lt l: 8, 10, 12
1. (Mc A; 0.75 im): Vit cu
hnh electron ca cc nguyn t trn?
2. (Mc B; 0.75 im): Xc nh v
tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng h
thng tun hon?
3. (Mc A; 0.75 im): Cho bit
cc nguyn t trn l kim loi, phi kim
hay kh him? V sao?
4. (Mc A; 0,75 im): Cho bit
nguyn t trn thuc loi nguyn t s,
p, d hay f.
Cu 6 (2,0 im; thi gian lm bi:
10 pht)
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu
hnh electron nguyn t l 1s2 2s2 2p6
3s2 3p5
1. (Mc B:1,5 im): Xc nh v
tr ca nguyn t X trong bng tun
hon. Gii thch
2. (Mc A: 0,5 im)
Xc nh cng thc oxit cao nht v
cng thc hp cht vi hiro ca X.
Cu 7 (Mc C; 2,0 im; thi
gian lm bi: 15 pht)
Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng
RO2. Trong hp cht vi hiro ca
nguyn t c 25% H v khi
lng . Xc nh nguyn t khi ca
R.

1.
Z=8: 1s2 2s2 2p4
Z=10: 1s2 2s2 2p6
Z=12: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
2.
Z=8: th 8, chu k 2, nhm VIA.
Z=10: th 10, chu k 2, nhm VIIIA.
Z=12: th 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA.
3.
-Z=8: L phi kim, v c 6e lp ngoi cng.
-Z=10:Kh him, v c 8e lp ngoi cng.
-Z=12: Kim loi, v c 2e lp ngoi cng.
4.
Z=8: L nguyn t p
Z=10: L nguyn t p
Z=12: L nguyn t s
1. X th 17 v c 17e.
X chu k 3 v c 3 lp e.
X nhm VIIA v c 7e lp ngoi cng v l nguyn t
p.
2.
- Oxt cao nht ca nguyn t X l: X2O7
- Hp cht ca X vi hidro l: HX

- Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng RO2

=> Ha tr cao nht ca R: 4
=> Ha tr ca R trong hp cht vi H: 4
=> Hp cht ca R vi hidro c dng: RH4
- Ta c %H =25 %
=> %R = 100 25 = 75%
%H
25
- Ta c: % R = 75
<=> 4/ R = 25/75
=> MR =12.
- Vy nguyn t khi ca R l 12.
Cu 8 (Mc C; 2,0 im; thi
- Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng R2O5
gian lm bi: 15 pht)
=> Ha tr cao nht ca R: 5
Mt nguyn t R c cu hnh electron
=> Ha tr ca R trong hp cht vi H: 3
nguyn t lp ngoi l 3s23p3. Trong
=> Hp cht ca R vi hidro c dng: RH3
hp cht vi hidro ca nguyn t c - Ta c %H =8,82 %
8,82% H v khi lng. Xc nh
=> %R = 100 8,82 = 91,18%
8,82
%H
nguyn t khi ca R.
- Ta c: % R = 91,18

Cu 9 (Mc C; 3,0 im; thi

gian lm bi: 15 pht)
Mt nguyn t R c cu hnh electron
nguyn t lp ngoi l 3s23p3.
1. (Mc A:1,0 im): Vit cu hnh
electron nguyn t ca R. R l nguyn
t no?
2. (Mc B:2,0 im): T cu hnh

<=> 3/ R = 8,82/ 91,18

=> MR =31.
- Vy nguyn t khi ca R l 31.
1. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca R l:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
- R l photpho v c 15e.
2.
- R l phi kim, v c 5e lp ngoi cng.
R th 15 v c 15e.
R chu k 3 v c 3 lp e.

electron nguyn t, hy xc nh:

- R l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him?
V sao.
- V tr ca R trong bng tun hon?
Gii thch.
Cu 10 (2 im; thi gian lm bi:
10 pht)
Anion X2- c cu hnh electron lp
ngoi cng l
3s2 3p6. Hy cho bit:
1. (Mc A; 1,0 im): Cu hnh
electron nguyn t y ca anion
X2- v nguyn t X.
2. (Mc B; 1,0 im): Oxit cao nht
v cht kh vi hiro ca X.
Cu 11 (Mc B; 2 im; thi gian
lm bi: 10 pht)
X l nguyn t c 12 proton,Y l
nguyn t c 17 electron. Hy cho bit
loi lin kt c hnh thnh v cng
thc hp thnh gia 2 nguyn t ny ?
Cu 12 (3 im; thi gian lm bi:
10 pht)
1. (Mc A; 2,0 im): Xc nh s
oxh ca cc cht sau:
a. Ca C trong: CH4, C, CO2, Na2CO3,
b. Ca Cl trong : ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-,
ClO4 2. (Mc A; 1,0 im): Vit v cn
bng cc qu trnh oxi ha v qu trnh
kh sau:
S-2 S0 S+4 S+6 S-2
Cu 13 (2.0 im; thi gian lm bi:
15 pht)
Cn bng cc phn ng oxh-kh sau
bng phng php thng bng
electron, cho bit cht kh v cht oxi
ha mi phn ng.
1. (Mc B; 0,75 im)
Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 +NO2 +
H2O
2. (Mc B; 0,75 im)
Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2
3.(Mc B: 0,75 im)
KClO3 KCl + O2
4.(Mc B; 0,75 im)
CuO + NH3 Cu + N2 + H2O
Cu 14 ( Mc C; 2,0 im; thi gian
lm bi: 10 pht)
Cn bng cc phn ng oxh-kh sau
bng phng php thng bng
electron, cho bit cht kh v cht oxi
ha mi phn ng.
1. (Mc C; 1,0 im)

R nhm VA v c 5e lp ngoi cng v l nguyn t p.

1.
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X2- l:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X l:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
2.
- Ha tr cao nht ca X l: 6
- Oxt cao nht ca nguyn t X l: XO3
- Ha tr trong hp cht vi H ca X l: 2
- Hp cht ca X vi nguyn t hidro l:H2X
- Cu hnh electron ca X (Z=12):
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
=> X l nguyn t kim loi, c 2e lp ngoi cng.
- Cu hnh electron ca Y (Z=17):
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
=> Y l nguyn t phi kim, c 1e lp ngoi cng.
=> Lin kt gia X v Y l lin kt ion.
=> Cng thc hp thnh t X,Y l XY2.
1.
-4

0 +4

+4

a. Ca C trong: CH4, C, CO2, Na2CO3

+1

+3

+5

+7

b. Ca Cl trong : ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4 2

S-2 S0 + 2e
S0 S+4 + 4e
S+4 S+6 + 2e
S+6 + 8e S-2
1.H s cn bng ln lt l:1;4;1;2;2
- Cht kh l Cu.
- Cht oxi ha l HNO3
2.H s cn bng ln lt l:1;3;2;3
- Cht kh l CO.
- Cht oxi ha l Fe2O3
3.H s cn bng ln lt l:2;2;3
- KClO3 va l cht kh va l cht oxi ha
4.H s cn bng ln lt l:3;2;3;1;3
- Cht kh l NH3.
- Cht oxi ha l CuO.

1. Phn ng sau khi cn bng l:

4Al + 18HNO3 4Al(NO3)3 + 3NO + 3NO2 + 9H2O
- Cht kh l Al.
- Cht oxi ha l HNO3
2. Phn ng sau khi cn bng l:
4Mg + 6H2SO4 4MgSO4 + S + SO2 + 6H2O
- Cht kh l Mg.

Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO +
NO2 + H2O
2. (Mc C; 1,0 im)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + S + SO2
+ H2O
Cu 15 ( 3,5 im; thi gian lm bi:
20 pht)
Ha tan ht 16g hn hp Fe v Cu
bng dung dch HNO3 long. Sau phn
ng thu c 5,6(l) kh NO duy nht
( iu kin tiu chun).
1. (Mc B; 1,5 im): Vit phng
trnh ha hc ca phn ng v xc
nh vai tr cc cht tham gia.
2. (Mc D; 2 im): Hy tnh thnh
phn trm tng kim loi trong hn hp

- Cht oxi ha l H2SO4

1.Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

+ Fe0: cht kh
+ HNO3: cht oxi ha
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
+ Cu0: cht kh
+ HNO3: cht oxi ha
2.- Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Cu
- Ta c: 56a + 64b =16 (*)
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (1)
a (mol)
a (mol)
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O (2)
b (mol)
2b/3(mol)
- Ta c:
5, 6
nNO =
= 0, 25(mol )
22, 4
-T (1) v (2) ta c:
a + 2b/3 = 0,25 (**)
-T (*) v (**) :
=> a = 0,2. => b = 0,075.
Vy:
mFe = 0, 2.56 = 11, 2 g
11, 2
.100% = 70%
16
= 100% 70% = 30%

%mFe =
Cu 16 (2,5 im; thi gian lm bi:
15 pht)
Cho 0,56g hn hp A gm Mg v Cu
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d .Sau
phn ng thu c 224ml kh H2 kc.
1(Mc A; 1,0im): Vit phng
trnh phn ng v xc nh vai tr ca
tng cht trong phn ng
2. (Mc C; 1,5 im)
Tnh thnh phn % ca tng kim loi
trong hn hp

%mCu
1.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
+ Mg0: cht kh
+ HCl : cht oxh
2.
1Mg + 2HCl 1MgCl2 + 1H2(1)
0,01(mol)

0,01(mol)
-Theo gt ta c:
0, 224
nH 2 =
= 0, 01(mol )
22, 4
-Theo pt (1) :
nMg = 0, 01( mol )
mMg = 0, 01.24 = 0, 24 g
0, 24
.100% = 42,86%
0,56
%mCu = 100% 42,86% = 57,14%
%mMg =

Cu 17 (3,0 im; thi gian lm bi:

20 pht)
ha tan hon ton hn hp gm Zn
v ZnO ngi ta phi dung va ht
600ml dd HCl 1M v thu c 0,2mol
kh H2 .
1. (Mc A; 1,0 im): Vit phng

1.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 (1)
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 +H2O (2)
+ p (1) l phn ng oxh-kh
+ p (2) khng phi l phn ng oxh-kh
2.

trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra, cho

bit phn ng no l phn ng oxhkh.
2. (Mc C; 2,0 im): Xc nh
khi lng ca Zn v ZnO trong hn
hp ban u.

Cu 18 (3,0 im; thi gian lm bi:

10 pht)
Cho cc phn t sau: N2, HCl, NH3,
MgO.
1. (Mc A; 2,0im): Xc nh loi
lin kt trong tng loi phn t.

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 (1)

0,2 (mol) 0,4(mol)
0,2(mol)
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O (2)
0,1(mol) 0,2(mol)
-T (1) => s mol Zn = 0,2 mol.
=> Khi lng Zn = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
- Ta c: S mol ca HCl = 0,6. 1 = 0,6 mol
-T (1) => s mol HCl (1) = 0,4 mol.
=> s mol HCl (2) = 0,2 mol.
=> s mol HCl (1) = 0,4 mol.
- T (2) => s mol ZnO = 0,1 mol.
=> Khi lng ZnO = 0,1.81 = 8,1(g)
1.
Phn t Hiu m
Loi lin kt
in
N2
= 3,04 3,04 Cng ha tr
=0
khng phn cc
HCl
= 3,16 2,20 Cng ha tr c
= 0,96
phn cc
NH3
= 3,04 2,20 Cng ha tr
= 0,84
khng phn cc
MgO
= 3,44 1,31 Lin kt ion
= 2,13
2. Th t theo chiu tng dn v phn cc trong phn t:
N2, NH3, HCl, MgO.
- Gii thch: Hiu m in ca hai nguyn t tham gia lin
kt cng ln th phn cc cng cao.

2. (Mc B; 1,0 im): Hy sp xp

cc phn t theo chiu tng dn v
phn cc trong phn t. Gii thch.
(Bit m din ca: N = 3,04 , H =
2,20, Cl = 3,16 , O = 3,44 , Mg =
1,31).
Cu 19 (3,5 im ; thi gian lm bi 1.
10 pht)
K hiu S e S p S n Nguyn
23
t khi
Y
X v 35
Cho cc k hiu nguyn t 11
.
17
23
11
11
12
23
1. (Mc A; 2,0 im): Tm s
11 X
35
electron, proton, ntron v nguyn t
17
17
18
35
17Y
khi gn ng ca mi nguyn t.
2. - Cu hnh electron ca X (Z=11):
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
=> X l nguyn t kim loi, v c 1e lp ngoi cng.
2. (Mc B; 1,5 im): Vit cu
- Cu hnh electron ca Y (Z=17):
hnh electron nguyn t X v Y. T
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
cu hnh electron nguyn t, hy cho
=> Y l nguyn t phi kim, v c 7e lp ngoi cng.
bt X, Y l kim loi, phi kim hay kh
him? Gii thch.
Cu 20 (2,25 im; thi gian lm
1.
bi: 15 pht)
- PTHH: R + 2HCl RCl2 + H2 (1)

Cho 4,8 gam 1 kim loi R thuc

nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung

dch HCl, thu c 4,48 lt kh
hiro ( iu kin tiu chun).
1. (Mc A; 1,0 im): Vit
phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng
xy ra v tnh s mol hiro thu

0,2 mol

0,2 mol

0,2 mol

- S mol ca H2 :
n = V / 22,4 = 4,48 / 22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
2. T (1) => s mol ca R = 0,2 (mol)
=> MR = m / n = 4,8 / 0,2 = 24.
Vy R l kim loi Mg.

c.

3. T (1) => S mol ca MgCl2 = 0,2 (mol)

2. (Mc C; 0.75 im): Xc nh

=> Khi lng ca MgCl2

m = n. M = 0,2.95 = 19 (gam)

tn kim loi R.
3. (Mc C; 0.5 im): Tnh khi
lng mui clorua khan thu c.
(Cho bit Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40,
Ba = 137 ; Cl = 35,5; H= 1)