1

:
.
.
.
,
, , .
- 1 :
:
-1 ) : ( Core .
-2 ) : ( Cladding
.
-3 ) : ( Buffer Coating
.

- 2 :
:
- 2.1 ( Multimode Step Index
)Fibers

.
.
2

 - 2.2 Multimode Graded Index

Fibres



.
Multi-Mode Fiber




.
- 2.3 Single Mode Fibres

.


.
Single-Mode Fiber

) (evanescent .
.

 - 3 : FTTH
Point-to-Multipoint

topologies Passive Optical Splitters
GPON( PON

, ) EPON Time-Sharing
Protocol
.
Point-to-multipoint topology

Point-to-Point
POP
POP ,
FTTH
.
PON
.
point-to-point network topology

4 :
,
PCs router ) .( Wi Fi
DVD
..... , ( ).

: ONU .
: CPE customer premise equipment
.
4

OUN CPE

CPE WAN router

LAN ) ( Wi Fi ) Network Address Translation (NAT
, VOIP IPIV ( ) .

- 5 :
- 5.1 :
FTTH , .
, FTTH
. FTTH .

CAPEX FTTH
5

 , .

..... .
) . (26% .
- 5.2 :
.
, , .

, ,
.

- 6 :
- 6.1 :
) , point of presence ( POP
.
.
FTTH .

400-2
2000-400
2000

, .
, (
) . FTTH
.

 ,
.
,
/ .
- 6.2 : Feeder Cabling
fibre concentration point ( FC
) . .

point to point
. FTTH
,
.
, 84 72

216

 - 6.3 :
.
, FTTH ) . fibre concentration point ( FCP
.
: , , FTTH
. FCP ( )
( ) .
FCP
. FCP
.
- 6.4 :
FCP . 1km
. FTTH

. "grow as you
". go
, .
48 . 216

subducts .
40mm .
. 1km

- 7 :
,
, .
- 7.1 :

,
, , .
( ) .
,
.

 , .
.
.

- 7.1.1 :

- 7.1.2 :
,

.

, ,
.
. . Subduct
.

mm111 Subducts
11

mm111

 110mm 100mm 90mm ,

50/43 40/33 33/26 25/20 ( / ).
. ,
.
,
.

.
,
.
, .
,
.
- 7.1.3 :
:
. FCP
, .
( ) .

25mm 50mm ,
110mm ,
20mm . 40mm . HDPE

11

 - 7.1.4 :
.
, .
, .
,
. (
) , ( ) , (
) . ,
.

, .
, loose tube
( 12 )
.
.
, .
swellable
( ) .
( ) ,
, .

12

 -7.1.5 :Cable installation by Pulling

.

.

.
.
.

- 7.1.6 : Cable installation by Air Blowing

. ,
, .
.
,
,
,

%75
. . 40-80%
,
.

.

13

 - 7.1.7 :Cable installation by Floating

. ,
.
.
% 75 .
.
: 38mm 1,9
( 41mm ) % 93

- - !

- 7.2 : Blown microducts & microcable

( ) .
, ,
. .
7.2.1 :

14

 - 7.2.2 :
,
( 16mm 10mm 8mm ) ,
. subducts subducts
( .) 10mm . subducts
( 5mm ) 3.5mm
, .Protected microduct
( 1 24 )
.

duct -sub

: .
. ,
.
24 12 7 6 4 2 .
.

15

:
. HDPE .
.
( ) ,
.
:
HDPE .
HDPE .
- 7.2.3 :
,
.
, Y
.
.
.
Y
. .
.
.

16

- 7.2.4 :
( 96 6.4mm
) 10mm/8mm 1mm 3mm 12
( 4 1mm . ) 5mm/3.5mm
.
. ,
.

17

 .
.

)(mm
16
12
10
7
5
4

)(mm
12
10
8
5.5
3.5
3

)(mm

24 216
96 216
72 96
48 72
6 24
22 -12

9.2
6.5 8.4
6 6.5
2.5
1.8 2
1 1.6

18

.
( 4mm/3mm
) 3mm/2.1mm .

19

)Optical Ground Wire( OPGW

( ) .ADSS
OPGW ,
.

.

OPGW

.
ADSS .

, .
OPGW .

21

)optical ground wire (OPGW

)all-dielectric self-supporting (ADSS

- 7.3 :Pre-terminated network

.

,
Plug & Play.

:

21

 \
. .

- 7.4 : Rights of Way

)Rights of Way( ROS

( )
.
.
.
- 7.4.1 :

.
.
211mm
. 350 mm- 200 mm
Microduct .

( )
22

 .
.
- 7.4.2 :
.
I/O .

.

.

I/O .

- 7.4.3 :
.

.
23

 - 7.4.4 :

, .
- 7.4.5 :
.
.
.
IEC TR62222 " " -
-
.

.
.

24

 - 7.5 :
- 7.5.1 :

Blown Fiber
Microduct .
.
( Patch Cord ) 250 m
. 0.8 1 mm
.
Multi-Tight
24 .
24
144
144 .

Multi-Tight

25

- 7.5.2 :

.interface

26

 :
. . ( )Ruggedized Optical Connection , Plug & Play
- 7.5.3 : Customer Premises Equipment
Passive .Positive
Sc/APC Lc/APC CPE CPE

.
CPE
.

CPE CPE
.

- 8 :FTTH
FTTH Single Mode
Multimode .
:
1
.
27

2 - .
POP
.
3 -
.
4 - FTTH 31
FTTH .
.

- 9 :
( Optical Distribution Frame )ODF
POP
.
ODF 1411 POPs .ODF
Outdoor ODF .
POP
.

.POP

active POP

28

 POP

ODF Patching

.
ODF
.
ODFs
ODF . .

POP/ODF .

29

 ()

UPS
.

.

UPS

:Patch cords 10
:Patch cords Pigtail
.Jumper
0.5dB 0.2dB
( )
0.15dB .
.
31


PC 45dB UPC
50dB APC ( 60dB )
.

)Low Smoke Zero Halogen( LSZH .
:

31

 LC Sc
SC , FC , E2000 , ST , DIN
( ) LC , MU , F3000
/
( UPC )PC - (.)APC

- 11 :
( )
- 11.1 : Fusion splicing

.

.
( )Core ( )9 m core .
.0.05 dB

32

( ) ( )125 m
Core ,
.0.1 dB

- 11.2 :

,
.
.0.5dB

- 12 :
.

.
511
33



.


.

()Blown Fiber

- 13
FTTH
.
.

.
.

34

 24 96 1 24
.

() PON
Point-to-Point

.

.
:
1 :
, .
2 :
.
3 :

.

35

()
.

36

 - 14 :
: ( Bionic ) .

- 14.1 .Fused Bionic Splitter :Bionic

FBT .
1 x 4
1 x 4 .1 x 4 , 1 x 3 , 1 x 2
.
- 14.2 Planar Waveguide Splitter

37

.
1 x 4 1 x 32
FBT .

- 15 :

.
:

, ,.
Splices
.
.

- 15.1 :
Core
.
, 2-15m

.
Core


.

38

1m )0.05 dB( %1
9m

:

39


:
Patch panel Test Jumper -

:
.
.

.
-

41

Test Equipment

Function

Use

Inspection scope

Visual inspection of
connectors
VFL (visual fault locator )
Continuity check up to 5km,
break/bend visual identifier
for fibre along patch
panel/hub areas
Optical talk set
Enables communication
between engineers using
cable link
Light source/ power
Measures the fibre link
meter or bidirectional loss insertion loss, tests continuity
test set
Power meter only
Measure the power output of
equipments
Power meter with clip-on Estimates the optical power in
device
the link

Clip-on fibre identifier

Identify traffic and traffic

direction on fibre, may also
estimate output power along
the link

1310/1490/1550 selective
power meter with
through mode
ORL meter

Measures the power levels of

equipment and fibre link when
OLT/ONT connected
Measure the overall optical
return loss
Measures all the
characteristics of the fibre link

OTDR

41

Fibre link construction and

troubleshooting
Fibre link construction and
troubleshooting at locations
where fibres are accessible
When two engineers are
required for end to end test
Fibre link construction,
acceptance testing and
troubleshooting
Equipment and fibre link turn
up and troubleshooting
Equipment and fibre troubleshooting at any location
where fibres are accessible,
even when connectors cannot
be accessed
Equipment and fibre troubleshooting at any location
where fibres are accessible,
even when connectors cannot
be accessed
Fibre link and equipment
(ONT/OLT) turn-up and
troubleshooting
Fibre link construction and
troubleshooting
Fibre link construction,
acceptance, troubleshooting

Glossary
ADSS
APC
ATM
CATV
CWDM
DWDM
FCP
FBT
FDH
FTTC
FTTB
FTTH
FTTN
FTTx
FWA
G.650
G.651.1

G.652
G.655

Gbps
HDPE
IEEE
IL
ISO
IEC
ITU-T
LAN
LI
LSZH
Mbps
MMF
MDU
MDU

all-dielectric self-supporting
Angle-polished connector
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
cable television
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
fibre concentration point
fused biconic tapered
fibre distribution hub (another term for FCP)
fibre to the curb
fibre to the building
fibre to the home
fibre to the node
generic term for all of the fibre-to-the-x
above
fixed wireless access
ITU Rec.G.650 Definition and testing methods
for single mode fibres
ITU Rec. G.651.1 Characteristics of a 50/125
m multimode graded index optical fibre
cable for the access network (G.651 is
obsolete)
ITU Rec. G.652 Characteristics of a singlemode optical fibre and cable
ITU Rec. G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero
dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre
and cable
Gigabits per second
high-density polyethylene
Institute for Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
insertion loss
International Organisation for
Standardisation
International Electrotechnical Commission
International Telecommunication Unit
Telecommunications Standards
Local Area Network
local interface
low smoke, zero halogen
Megabits per second
multimode fibre
main distribution unit
multi-dwelling unit

42

 :
FTTH Council Europe 2010 (www.ftthcouncil.eu)
www.kutub.info
:
www.qariya.com :
4 www.electron.com :
www.arab-eng.org :
www.4shared.com

43