LAPORAN LENGKAP PRAKTIKUM

INSTRUMENTASI TEKNIK
(224 G 5403)

DISUSUN OLEH :
I.ST.WARDATULLATIFAH
G411 10 907

LABORATORIUM ELEKTRONIKA DAN INSTRUMENTASI TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI KETEKNIK PERTANIAN
JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
MAKASSAR
2012

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
JUDUL
NAMA
STAMBUK
JURUSAN
FAKULTAS
KELOMPOK

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LAPORAN INSTRUMENTASI TEKNIK (224 G 5403)

I.ST.WARDATULLATIFAH
G411 10 907
TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN
PERTANIAN
VII(TUJUH)

Laporan lengkap ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mengikuti ujian
praktikum Instrumentasi Teknik (224 G 5403)
Pada
Program Studi Keteknikan Pertanian
Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian
Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Hasanuddin
Makassar
2012
Menyetujui

Asisten

Asisten

ST. ZORAIDAH
G621 08 267

UMAR RABE
G411 09 271
Mengetahui
Koordinator Asisten

Muh. Rizal
G621 08 257

Tanggal Pengesahan :

April 2012

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan Syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas
limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya kita diberi kesehatan dan kesempatan dalam
menuntut ilmu. Serta tidak lepas dari doa kedua Orang Tua dan bimbingan dosen
dan sistem pada penyusunan laporan Instrumentasi Teknik.
Praktikum Instrumentasi Teknik ini mengajarkan beberapa rangkaian
sensor dan sistem kontrol. Oleh karena itu praktikan sangat diharapkan untuk
menguasai rangkaian-rangkaian tersebut.
Pada akhirnya penulis menyadari Laporan Lengkap Instrumentasi Teknik
ini mungkin jauh dari kesempurnaan oleh sebab itu kami harapkan kritik dan
sarannya guna

meminimalisir kesalahan-kesalahan kedepan pada kurikulum

selanjutnya yang akan datang, serta dapat menjadi bahan pembelajaran bagi
beberapa pihak.

Makassar, April 2012

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ..................................................................... i
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................... xi
PENGENALAN KOMPONEN SENSOR
I.

PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Kegunaan .................................................................... 2

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Sensor. ...................................................................................... 3
2.2 Sensor Mekanik ............................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Motor DC ............................................................................. 5
2.2.2 Kipas .................................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Potensiometer ....................................................................... 5
2.2.4 Gear ...................................................................................... 6
2.3 Sensor Fisik ...................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) ......................................... 7
2.2.2 Termistor .............................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Termocople .......................................................................... 9
2.2.4 Kabel Detektor ..................................................................... 10
III. METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
3.1. Waktu dan Tempat ......................................................................... 11
3.2. Alat, Bahan dan Komponen ............................................................ 11
3.3. Prosedur Kerja ....................................................... ... 11

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1. Hasil ................................................................................................ 12
4.2. Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 18
V. PENUTUP
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 20
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 20
DAFTAR PUSTAK ...................................................................................... 21
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 22
PENGUJIAN DAN PENGUKURAN KOMPONEN SENSOR
I.

PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 28
1.2 Tujuan dan Kegunaan .................................................................... 29

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Potensiometer Putar. ................................................................ 30
2.2 Potensiometer Geser ........................................................................ 30
2.3 LDR .................................................................................................. 31
2.4 Termistor PTC ................................................................................. 33
2.5 Termistor NTC ................................................................................. 33
2.6 Kipas ................................................................................................ 35
2.7 Motor DC ......................................................................................... 35
2.8 Termocople ...................................................................................... 36
III. METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
3.1. Waktu dan Tempat ......................................................................... 37
3.2. Alat, Bahan dan Komponen ............................................................ 37
3.3. Prosedur Kerja ....................................................... ... 37
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Hasil ................................................................................................ 41
4.2. Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 47
V. PENUTUP
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 52
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 52

DAFTAR PUSTAK ...................................................................................... 53

LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 54
PEMBUAT RANGKAIAN CATU DAYA
I.

PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 57
1.2 Tujuan dan Kegunaan .................................................................... 58

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Catu Daya. ................................................................................ 59
2.1.1 Catu Daya Setengah Gelombang ......................................... 59
2.1.2 Catu Daya Gelombang Penuh .............................................. 60
2.1.3 Catu Daya Gelombang Simetris ........................................... 61
2.2 Transformator .................................................................................. 62
2.3 Dioda Silikon ................................................................................... 63
2.4 Kondensator Elektroda..................................................................... 64
2.5 IC LN7812 dan LN819 .................................................................... 64
III. METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
3.1. Waktu dan Tempat ......................................................................... 66
3.2. Alat dan Bahan ................................................................................ 66
3.3. Prosedur Kerja ....................................................... ... 66
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Hasil ................................................................................................ 68
4.2. Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 68
V. PENUTUP
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 70
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 70
DAFTAR PUSTAK ...................................................................................... 71
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 72
KONTROL ON-OFF
I.

PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 73

1.2 Tujuan dan Kegunaan .................................................................... 74

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Rangkaian Pemroses Sinyal. .................................................... 75
2.1.1 Jembatan Wheatstone ........................................................... 75
2.1.2 Rangkaian Pembagi Tegangan ............................................. 76
2.2 Rangkaian Komparator .................................................................... 78
2.3 Rangkaian Switch ............................................................................ 79
2.4 Set Point ........................................................................................... 80
2.5 Aktuator ........................................................................................... 80
III. METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
3.1. Waktu dan Tempat ......................................................................... 82
3.2. Alat dan Bahan ................................................................................ 82
3.3. Prosedur Kerja ....................................................... ... 83
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Hasil ................................................................................................ 84
4.2. Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 85
V. PENUTUP
5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 87
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 87
DAFTAR PUSTAK ...................................................................................... 88
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 90

DAFTAR TABEL

No

Teks

Halaman

1.

Tabel Hasil Pengenalan Komponen Sensor ................................ 20

2.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Potensiometer Geser ............................ 54

3.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Potensiometer Putar............................. 54

4.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Motor DC ............................................ 54

5.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Kipas DC ............................................. 54

6.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran LDR ..................................................... 55

7.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Termocopel .......................................... 55

8.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Pendinginan NTC ................................ 56

9.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Pemanasan NTC .................................. 56

10.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Pendinginan PTC................................. 56

11.

Tabel Hasil Pengukuran Pemanasan PTC................................... 56

DAFTAR GRAFIK

No

Teks

Halaman

1.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Motor DC .............................................. 41

2.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Potensiometer Geser ............................. 41

3.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Potensiometer Putar .............................. 42

4.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Kipas ..................................................... 42

5.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Termocopel ........................................... 43

6.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Pendinginan NTC .................................. 43

7.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Pemanasan NTC .................................... 44

8.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Pendinginan PTC .................................. 44

9.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian Pemanasan PTC .................................... 45

10.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian LDR (Kuning) ....................................... 45

11.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian LDR (Pink) ............................................ 46

12.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian LDR (Hijau) .......................................... 46

13.

Grafik Hasil Pengujian LDR (Putih)........................................... 47

DAFTAR GAMBAR

No

Teks

Halaman

1.

Gambar Prinsip Kerja Potensiometer.......................................... 6

2.

Gambar LDR ............................................................................... 22

3.

Gambar LED ............................................................................... 22

4.

Gambar Bourden Tube ................................................................ 23

5.

Gambar Foto Sel ......................................................................... 23

6.

Gambar Kabel Detektor .............................................................. 24

7.

Gambar Kipas ............................................................................. 24

8.

Gambar Gear ............................................................................... 25

9.

Gambar IC Suhu ......................................................................... 25

10.

Gambar Termistor ....................................................................... 26

11.

Gambar Porensiometer Putar ...................................................... 26

12.

Gambar Potensiometer Geser ..................................................... 26

13.

Gambar Thermocople ................................................................. 26

14.

Gambar Motor DC ...................................................................... 27

15.

Gambar Rangkaian Penyearah Sederhana .................................. 59

16.

Gambar Rangkaian Penyearah Gelombang Penuh ..................... 60

17.

Gambar Rangkaian Penyearah Simetris...................................... 61

18.

Gambar Simbol Dioda ................................................................ 63

19.

Gambar IC Regulator .................................................................. 64

20.

Gambar Hasil Rangkaian Catudaya Gelombang Penuh ............. 68

21.

Rangkaian Catudaya Tampak Atas ............................................. 72

22.

Rangkaian Catudaya Tampak Bawah ......................................... 72

23.

Gambar Rangkaian Pembagi Tegangan ...................................... 84

24.

Gambar Rangkaian Kontrol ON-OFF ......................................... 84

25.

Gambar Rangkaian Sistem Saklar .............................................. 84

26.

Rangkaian Sistem Saklar ............................................................ 90

27.

Rangkaian Pembagi Tegangan .................................................... 90

28.

Rangkaian Kontrol ON-OFF....................................................... 90

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

No

Teks

Halaman

1.

Lampiran Pengenalan Komponen Sensor ................................... 22

2.

Lampiran Tabel Pengukuran Pengujian Komponen Sensor ....... 54

3.

Lampiran Rangkaian Catudaya ................................................... 21

4.

Lampiran Rangkaian Kontrol ON-OFF ...................................... 90