Decision Making

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Decision making is the process of choosing a course of actionfrom among alternatives to achieve a desired goal.According to Haynes and Massie, “Decision making is a process of selection from a set of alternative courses of actionwhich is thought to fulfill the objective of the decision problemmore satisfactorily than others.”There is a close relationship between planning and decisionmaking. First, both are mental processes including reasoningand judgment. Secondly, both are goal oriented designed toachieve the desired aims. Thirdly, decision making like planning is an ongoing or continuous process. Fourthly, planning & decision making both involve choice amongalternative courses of action. Lastly ,planners & decisionmakers both need information about the internal and externalenvironment of the organization.

1.Decision making is a goal oriented process. Decisions are made to achieve certaingoals i.e. to bridge the gap between the present position and the desired position.2.Decision making involves choice or selection of the most appropriate course of action out of various alternatives.3.Decision making is an ongoing or continuous process.4.Decision making is an intellectual process. Decisions are the outcome of deliberations, reasoning, judgment and evaluation.5.Decision making is a dynamic process. It involves a time dimension and a time lag.6.Decision making involves commitment of time, efforts and resources. Once adecision is taken the organization commits itself in a particular manner.7.Decision making is situational.8.Decision making is pervasive. Managers at all levels take decisions through thenature & significance of decisions taken vary from one level to another.

Other significant issues related to decision making are:Decision making is the vehicle for carrying managerial workload and dischargingmanagerial responsibilities. It is through decision making that managers strive to achieveorganization goals. They attempt to bridge the gap between the existing situation and thedesired situation by taking and executing decisions.The life of a manager is a perpetual decision making activity. The factors that determinethe importance of a decision are the size of the commitment, the flexibility or inflexibility of plans, the certainty or uncertainty of goals and premises, the degree towhich variables can be measured, and the impact on the people .

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