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1
,..
n
Si dn
quang
1
,..
n BA LA
PA
MUX
DEMUX
n
RX
1
RX
n
TX
n
TX
1
Hnh 1. S khi tuyn WDM in hnh c EDFA
Trong : TX
1
...TX
n
, RX
1
...RX
n
, ln lt l cc my pht quang v my thu quang.
MUX, DEMUX l b ghp v gii ghp bc sng.
1
...
n
: l cc bc sng ca cc knh
c ghp theo WDM.
V tuyn truyn dn ang xt ch s dng mt b khuch i EDFA trn ng truyn
nn c 3 trng hp t b khuch i EDFA l t ngay sau b ghp knh (BA), t trn
ng truyn (LA) v t ngay trc b gii ghp knh (PA) nh hnh 1. Ta xt trng hp
tng qut l t b EDFA trn ng truyn (LA) cch my pht mt khong L
1
v my thu
mt khong L
2
(vi L
1
=L
1
(1)
+L
2
(1)
; L
2
=L
1
(2)
+L
2
(2)
), khi BA v LA l 2 trng hp c bit:
BA tng ng vi L
1
= 0, L
2
= L v PA tng ng vi L
1
= L, L
2
= 0.
S khi ca tuyn truyn dn quang xt i vi tng knh thng tin c biu din
nh hnh 2 sau y:
T s OSNR ca mt knh thng tin h bt k trong h thng WDM c xc nh theo
biu thc:
) (
) (
) (
h noise
h sig
h
f P
f P
f OSNR
(1)
trong OSNR(f
h
), P
sig
(f
h
),P
noise
(f
h
) ln lt l t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang, cng sut tn hiu
hu ch v cng sut cc loi nhiu gy ra trn knh h ti u vo my thu quang.
Trong cc h thng WDM s dng EDFA, cc loi nhiu thng xut hin l nhiu pht
x t pht c kch thch (ASE) do EDFA gy ra v nhiu do cc hiu ng phi tuyn nh trn
bn bc sng (FWM), tn x Brillouin kch thch (SBS), tn x Raman kch thch (SRS), t
iu ch pha (SPM), iu ch cho pha (XPM)... Khi cng sut quang mi knh
<20mW v tc bit <10Gbit/s th 2 loi nhiu chnh tc ng n cht lng tn hiu
trong h thng l nhiu ASE v nhiu FWM [2]. V vy t s OSNR c vit li nh sau:
My
Pht
quan
g
My
Pht
quan
g
G
My
Thu
quan
g
My
Thu
quan
g
L
1
(1)
,
L
2
(1)
P
in
(f
h
)
LA
L
1
(2)
, L
2
(2)
B
0
P
sig
(f
h
)
Hnh 2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong tuyn WDM khi xt mt knh thng tin ring l
) ( ) (
) (
) (
h ASE h FWM
h sig
h
f P f P
f P
f OSNR
+
(2)
Trong :
+ Cng sut tn hiu ca knh thng tin ti b thu (b suy hao trn ng truyn v ti
cc mi ni) c biu din bi biu thc:
[ ]
0
2
. 10
.
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
1
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
1 1
10 . ) ( exp . ). ( ) (
L
L
h in h Sig
L L L L G f P f P
+ + +
(3)
+ Cng sut nhiu ASE gy ra trn knh thng tin [4](cng b suy hao trn ng
truyn v ti cc mi ni):
[ ]
0
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
1 2
. 10
) .(
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
1 1 . 0
10 . ) ( exp ). 1 .( . . . ) (
L
L L
sp t h ASE
L L B G n h m f P
+
(4)
+ Cng sut nhiu FWM gy ra trn knh thng tin (cng b suy hao trn ng truyn
v ti cc mi ni) c suy ra t [1], [2], vi mt b EDFA trn tuyn:
+
h j i k i j
f f f f f f
h pqr h FWM
f P f P ) ( ) (
(5)
Vi:
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
2
2 1
) 2 (
2 2 1 ) 2 (
1 1 1
1
) 2 (
1 1 1
) 1 ( ) 1 (
2
) 1 (
1 1
3
2 1
) 1 (
2 2 1 ) 1 (
1 1 1
1 1
) 1 (
1 1 1
. 10
.
) 2 (
2
) 2 (
1
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
1 1
2
3
2
2 2 4
0
6
.
) . ( exp 1
. ) . ( exp
.
) . ( exp 1
. . ) ( exp .
) ( exp 1
) ( exp
.
) . exp( 1
.
10 . ) ( exp . . ) . (
. .
1024
) (
0
2
,
_
+
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
,
_
+
+ +
+
+ + + +
i
L i
L i
i
L i
i L L G
i
L i
L i
i
L i
G
L L L L
A
P
d
c n
f f f f P
L
L
eff
in
k j i h pqr
(6)
Trong :
1,2
: phi hp pha ca si 1 v 2
[ ]
1
]
1
d
dD
c
f f f f D
c
f f f f
k
k
k j k i k
k
k j k i
) (
2
) ( ) ( ) (
2
) )( (
2 , 1
2
2 , 1
2
2 , 1
) (
2 2
) (
1 1
) ( m m m
L L + : phi hp pha tch lu trong phn on m;
n
0
: chit sut ca si; : bc sng [m]; L
0
: chiu di mi cun cp quang [m];
c: vn tc nh sng [m/s]; P
l
(l=i, j, k): cng sut ca cc knh c a vo u si quang
[W];
d: h s suy gim (d =3 nu i = j k, d = 6 nu i j k); G: h s khuch i EDFA [ln];
: nhy cm phi tuyn bc 3 [m
3
/W.s];
2
: suy hao mi hn [dB];
A
eff
: din tch hiu dng ca li si [m
2
], cho gn ng bng din tch tht ca li;
1
: suy hao ca 2 loi si [1/m], 2 loi si c tn sc khc nhau nhng c cng suy hao.
D
1,2
(
k
): tn sc ca 2 loi si ti bc sng
k
[s/m
2
];
_Nhp cc thng s si quang: no, , ,
D1, D2, Aeff, dD/d.
_Nhp cc thng s khc: m
t
, h, c, ,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
.
_Nhp vo chiu di ca tuyn: LL
_Tnh cng sut tn hiu ti u vo my thu:
P(Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu FWM ti knh m:
Ptot(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu ASE ti knh m:
Pase(m,L1,G)
_Tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ca knh
m:
OSNRdB(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh OSNRdB nh nht trong cc
knh:
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx, G)
(G+Ptx-0,21.L1-0,1.L/4)
2
-25 < G+Ptx-0,21.L-7,7
<-10?
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx,G)
> K?
3.Thut ton tnh ton cc thng s h thng
Da vo cc biu thc t (2) n (6) chng ti tin hnh xy dng thut ton xc nh
cc thng s ti u nh cng sut ca ngun pht, h s khuch i v v tr t EDFA nh
hnh 6.
4. Kt qu tnh ton m phng v tho lun
kt qu tnh ton l thuyt st vi thc t nhng khng lm mt tnh tng qut ca
bi ton, gi tr ca cc tham s tnh ton c la chn da vo cc gi tr tiu biu ca chng
trong thc t. Phn mm tnh ton m phng c s dng l Mathcad2001 v Excel. L
1
(1)
, L
2
(1)
l chiu di ca 2 loi si quang c tn sc khc nhau c s dng trong phn on ng
truyn t trc EDFA v L
1
(2)
, L
2
(2)
t sau. Chng tng ng vi si quang n mode SMF c
tn sc D
1
=18ps/nm.km v si dch chuyn tn sc DSF c tn sc D
2
= -2ps/nm.km vi t l
chiu di ca 2 loi si ny trong mi phn l 4,76/45,24 [2] thc hin b tn sc ti bc
sng 1550nm. bin thin tn sc theo bc sng ca 2 loi si l dD
1,2
()=0,07ps/nm.km.
Cc tham s c bn ca tuyn truyn dn c trnh by trong bng 1 sau y [1][2],
[3],[4]:
Tham s Gi tr
8 bc sng c a vo s dng 1550nm, 1551nm... 1557nm.
Phm vi h s khuch i ca EDFA
G = 1dB 40dB
Chiu di tuyn truyn dn L = 150km
Suy hao ti mi mi ni
2
= 0,1dB
Suy hao ca 2 loi si quang
1
= 0,21dB/km
D tr suy hao 4dB
Chiu di mi cun cp si quang 4km
Chit sut li si quang n
0
= 1,5
cm ng phi tuyn bc 3
= 4.10
-15
m
3
/W.s
Din tch hiu dng ca li si A
eff
= 50.10
-12
m
2
S mode truyn ca qu trnh phn cc m
t
= 2
H s pht x t pht ca EDFA n
sp
= 1,26
Bng thng quang ca b lc quang i trc mi b thu
B
0
= 0,1nm 12,5GHz
Di cng sut ngun pht quang
-10dBm 5dBm
Di cng sut ca my thu ti mi knh thng tin
-25dBm -10dBm.
Kt qu tnh ton v m phng c th hin nh sau:
V tr t EDFA ti u trn tuyn l t cch b pht quang 56km tng ng vi mc
cng sut pht quang tng knh (sau b MUX) l 2dBm, h s khuch i ca EDFA l 13dB
v khi t s OSNR thu c ca knh thp nht (knh s 4) trong 8 knh l 42,9dB (hnh 1).
_Nhp cc thng s si quang: no, , ,
D1, D2, Aeff, dD/d.
_Nhp cc thng s khc: m
t
, h, c, ,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
.
_Nhp vo chiu di ca tuyn: LL
_Tnh cng sut tn hiu ti u vo my thu:
P(Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu FWM ti knh m:
Ptot(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu ASE ti knh m:
Pase(m,L1,G)
_Tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ca knh
m:
OSNRdB(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh OSNRdB nh nht trong cc
knh:
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx, G)
(G+Ptx-0,21.L1-0,1.L/4)
2
-25 < G+Ptx-0,21.L-7,7
<-10?
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx,G)
> K?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
42.9
42.95
43
43.0 5
Vi tri kenh
T
i
s
o
O
S
N
R
(
d
B
)
.
.
Hnh 3. Quan h gia OSNR theo cc knh tng ng vi Ptx=2dBm, G=13dB v b EDFA
t cch b pht quang 56km. Knh s 4 tng ng vi OSNR thp nht nn l knh c
chn kho st thm mi quan h gia cng tn hiu, nhiu, OSNR theo h s khuch i G
ca EDFA c
Hnh 7. Quan h gia cng sut (CS) nhiu FWM,
ASE v CS tn hiu ca knh 4 ng vi G=13dB theo
CS Ptx.
Hnh 8. Quan h gia OSNR ca knh th
4 ng vi G=13dB theo cng sut pht Ptx
0 10 20 30 40
10 0
81.25
62.5
43.75
25
6.25
12.5
31.25
50
C o ng s ua t nhie u FWM
C o ng s ua t nhie u ASE
C o ng s ua t tin hie u
He s o khuech dai ( dB)
C
o
n
g
s
u
a
t
n
h
i
e
u
F
W
M
,
A
S
E
,
t
i
n
h
i
e
u
(
d
B
m
)
.
Hnh 4. Quan h gia cng sut nhiu FWM, ASE v
cng sut tn hiu ca knh 4 vi Ptx=2dBm theo h
s khuch i G
0 10 20 30 40
0
20
40
60
He s o khuech dai (dB)
T
i
s
o
O
S
N
R
(
d
B
)
.
Hnh 5. Quan h gia OSNR ca knh 4 tng ng
vi Ptx = 2dBm theo h s khuch i G ca
EDFA
_Nhp cc thng s si quang: no, , ,
D1, D2, Aeff, dD/d.
_Nhp cc thng s khc: m
t
, h, c, ,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
.
_Nhp vo chiu di ca tuyn: LL
_Tnh cng sut tn hiu ti u vo my thu:
P(Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu FWM ti knh m:
Ptot(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh cng sut nhiu ASE ti knh m:
Pase(m,L1,G)
_Tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu quang ca knh
m:
OSNRdB(m,L1,Ptx,G)
_Tnh OSNRdB nh nht trong cc
knh:
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx, G)
_Bt u vi Ptx = -1dBm; G = 10dB; L1
=50km
_Tnh OSNRdBmin(50,-1,10) K
For Ptx = -10,
-9..2
For G = 1, 2..40
(G+Ptx-0,21.L1-0,1.L/4)
2
-25 < G+Ptx-0,21.L-7,7
<-10?
For L1 = 0,1, 2..L
Tnh OSNRdBmin (L1,Ptx,G)
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx,G)
> K?
OSNRdBmin(L1,Ptx,G)
K.
Nhn cc gi tr
L1,Ptx,G
_V tr t EDFA: L1 _Cng sut
pht: Ptx
_H s khuch i G _T s OSNR
_Cng sut tn hiu thu c.
Bt
u
Kt
thc
Yes
Yes
No
No
Hnh 6. Lu thut ton xc
nh cc thng s ti u ca
tuyn truyn dn t
Hnh 7. Quan h gia cng sut (CS) nhiu FWM,
ASE v CS tn hiu ca knh 4 ng vi G=13dB theo
CS Ptx.
Hnh 8. Quan h gia OSNR ca knh th
4 ng vi G=13dB theo cng sut pht Ptx
Da vo 2 th hnh 4 v 5 ta thy cng sut tn hiu tng gn nh tuyn tnh theo G,
trong khi trong on G = 1dB 22dB, nhiu ASE l nhiu tri so vi nhiu FWM nn tc
ng chnh n t s OSNR, loi nhiu ny c tc tng tng t nh i vi tn hiu nn
OSNR trong on ny gim khng ng k. Trong on cn li G = 23dB 40dB, cng sut
nhiu FWM tng nhanh v ln hn nhiu so vi nhiu ASE nn n l nhiu tri v lm OSNR
gim i ng k. Nh vy, OSNR ln nht t ti G = 1dB. Tuy nhin h s khuch i ny
lm cng sut tn hiu thu c ti my thu qu nh (khng nm trong di cng sut lm vic
ca my thu) nn phi tng G n 13dB.
th hnh 7 v 8 cho thy cng sut tn hiu v cng sut nhiu FWM u tng theo
Ptx, cng sut nhiu ASE khng thay i theo Ptx, tuy nhin cng sut nhiu FWM d tng ln
vn nh hn nhiu so vi nhiu ASE do tng cng sut nhiu nh hng n h thng ch
yu l nhiu ASE gn nh khng i v vy t s OSNR tng ln theo Ptx. Nh trn th ta
thy t s OSNR ln nht t ti mc Ptx = 2dBm.
Tin hnh cc bc tnh ton tng t nh trn cho cc tuyn c chiu di thay i t
100km n 250km vi bc thay i l 10km, chng ti xc nh c cc thng s ti u, t
lp thnh bng 2 v v th nh hnh 9. T y ta c th kt lun h s khuch i v v tr
t EDFA ti u tng t l vi chiu di tuyn, trong khi t s tn hiu trn nhiu OSNR ti
u th li gim khi khong cch tuyn truyn dn tng ln.
Bng 2. Cc thng s ti u ng vi cc tuyn truyn dn c chiu di khc nhau.
Chiu di tuyn
(km)
Mc cng sut
pht ti u (dBm)
H s khuch
i ti u (dB)
V tr t EDFA
ti u (km)
T s OSNR
ti u (dB)
100 2 1 5 57,72
110 2 3 13 53,48
120 2 6 26 50,13
130 2 8 35 48,03
140 2 10 43 46,04
150 2 13 56 42,92
160 2 15 64 40,98
170 2 17 73 38,83
180 2 20 86 35,76
190 2 22 94 33,87 3
Hnh 7. Quan h gia cng sut (CS) nhiu FWM,
ASE v CS tn hiu ca knh 4 ng vi G=13dB theo
CS Ptx.
Hnh 8. Quan h gia OSNR ca knh th
4 ng vi G=13dB theo cng sut pht Ptx
200 2 25 107 30,81
210 2 27 115 28,92
220 2 29 124 26,81
230 2 32 137 23,75
240 2 34 145 21,87
250 2 36 154 19,75
5. Kt lun
Kt qu nghin cu ny c th c s dng hiu qu trong cng tc thit k v khai
thc mng. ng vi mi tuyn truyn dn c th c chiu di khc nhau ta c th xc nh ngay
c mc cng sut pht, h s khuch i ca EDFA v v tr t EDFA ti u trn tuyn
thng tin truyn i t cht lng tt nht.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn Vn Tun, Nguyn Tn Hng, "Tnh ton s knh truyn cc i trong h
thng WDM c EDFA mc chui di tc dng ca hiu ng FWM v nhiu ASE tch
lu", Chuyn san tp ch Bu chnh Vin thng, s 12, thng 8 nm 2004, trang 25-32.
[2] Wolgang Zeiler, Fabrizio Di Pasquale, member IEEE, Polina Bayvel, Member IEEE,
and John E. Midwinter, IEEE, Modeling of Four-Wave Mixing and Gain Peaking in
Amplified WDM Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Journal of
Lightwave Technology, Vol. 14, No. 9, September 1996.
[3] Nortel Networks Optera Long Haul 1600G, December 2002.
[4] P.C. Becker, N. A. Olson, Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, Fundamentals and
Technology, Academic Press, 1999.
V tr t EDFA ti u
T s OSNR ti u
H s khuch i G ti u
Hnh 9. th biu din mi quan h gia h s khuch i G, OSNR
v v tr t EDFA ti u theo chiu di cc tuyn truyn dn khc
nhau.