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1
MATRIX OPERATIONS AND DETERMINANTS
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the different commands in Scilab
To know how to create/manipulate matrices in Scilab.
To know how to compute the determinants using different methods
such as Elementary Row/Column operations, Chios Method, and
Laplaces Expansion
PROCEDURE:
Part I. Matrix Operations
Consider the following matrices:
A=[
D=[
B=[
C=[
E=
[
Note: Write the Scilab code/command and the respective output for every item.
Evaluate the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B(AC)
ACB
D+BAC
( BT CT ) AT
( B C )T + DT
Recreate matrix E using the Colon Operator.
Generate three 4x4 matrices from the elements of E. Store them under F, G,
H.
8. Generate the following matrix using the special matrices eye ( ), ones ( ), and
zeros ( ).
J=
[
1092.
- 43.
880.
- 2228.
- 277.
- 436.
2) A C B
-->A-C*B
ans =
- 70.
148.
193.
45.
3) D + B A C
-->D+B*A*C
ans =
2393.
359.
243.
1077.
- 50.
888.
493.
261.
- 665.
4) ( BT CT ) AT
-->(B'*C')*A'
ans =
1083.
- 1466.
- 2073.
606.
5) ( B C )T + DT
-->(B*C)'+D'
ans =
201.
49.
65.
50.
- 26.
45.
- 50.
121.
- 142.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
OR
-->E=[E(1,:);E(2,:);E(3,:);E(4,:);E(5,:);E(6,:)]
E =
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
-->G=E([1,2],:);E(:,[3,2])=[]
E =
3.
4.
5.
6.
21.
22.
23.
24.
27.
28.
29.
30.
33.
34.
35.
36.
-->F=E([2,5],:);E([2,3],:)=[]
E =
1.
4.
5.
6.
19.
22.
23.
24.
25.
28.
29.
30.
31.
34.
35.
36.
-->H=E(1:4,1:4)
H =
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
9.
10.
13.
14.
15.
16.
19.
20.
21.
22.
3.
- 5.
3.
5.
3.
3.
3.
0.
3.
3.
3.
5.
3.
- 5.
3.
5.
3.
3.
3.
- 5.
Part II.
9) Upper triangular matrix using series of row operations
K= E 3 (eye (6, 6)-2*ones (6, 6))
-->K=E-3*(eye(6,6)-2*ones(6,6))
K =
4.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
11.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
18.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
32.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
39.
--> K(2,:)=K(2,:)-2*K(1,:)
K =
4.
0.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
- 15.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
- 18.
18.
22.
23.
24.
25.
- 24.
27.
25.
29.
30.
31.
- 30.
33.
34.
32.
36.
37.
- 36.
39.
40.
41.
39.
--> K(3,:)=K(3,:)-9/4*K(1,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
10.
11.
12.
13.
- 15.
- 14.25
16.
17.
18.
19.
- 18.
- 24.75
22.
23.
24.
25.
- 24.
- 29.25
25.
29.
30.
31.
- 30.
- 36.75
34.
32.
36.
37.
- 36.
- 44.25
40.
41.
39.
31.
- 30.
- 36.75
- 43.5
32.
36.
37.
- 36.
- 44.25
- 52.5
41.
39.
--> K(4,:)=K(4,:)-5/2*K(1,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
11.
12.
13.
- 15.
- 14.25
- 16.5
17.
18.
19.
- 18.
- 24.75
- 25.5
23.
24.
25.
- 24.
- 29.25
- 37.5
29.
30.
--> K(5,:)=K(5,:)-11/4*K(1,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
12.
13.
15.
14.25
16.5
18.75
18.
19.
18.
24.75
25.5
29.25
24.
25.
24.
29.25
37.5
39.75
30.
31.
30.
36.75
43.5
53.25
36.
37.
36.
44.25
52.5
60.75
39.
-->K(6,:)=K(6,:)-3*K(1,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
15.
14.25
16.5
18.75
21.
19.
18.
24.75
25.5
29.25
33.
25.
24.
29.25
37.5
39.75
45.
31.
30.
36.75
43.5
53.25
57.
37.
36.
44.25
52.5
60.75
72.
-->K(3,:)=K(3,:)-19/20*K(2,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
- 16.5
- 18.75
- 21.
19.
18.
7.65
25.5
29.25
33.
25.
24.
6.45
37.5
39.75
45.
31.
30.
8.25
43.5
53.25
57.
37.
36.
10.05
52.5
60.75
72.
--> K(4,:)=K(4,:)-11/10*K(2,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
- 18.75
- 21.
19.
18.
7.65
5.7
29.25
33.
25.
24.
6.45
11.1
39.75
45.
31.
30.
8.25
10.5
53.25
57.
37.
36.
10.05
12.9
60.75
72.
-->K(5,:)=K(5,:)-5/4*K(2,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
- 21.
19.
18.
7.65
5.7
6.75
33.
25.
24.
6.45
11.1
9.75
45.
31.
30.
8.25
10.5
15.75
57.
37.
36.
10.05
12.9
15.75
72.
31.
30.
8.25
10.5
15.75
15.
37.
36.
10.05
12.9
15.75
21.6
31.
30.
8.25
10.5
15.75
15.
37.
36.
10.05
12.9
15.75
21.6
--> K(6,:)=K(6,:)-7/5*K(2,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
18.
7.65
5.7
6.75
7.8
25.
24.
6.45
11.1
9.75
11.4
--> K(6,:)=K(6,:)-7/5*K(2,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
18.
7.65
5.7
6.75
7.8
25.
24.
6.45
11.1
9.75
11.4
--> K(4,:)=K(4,:)-38/51*K(3,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
- 18.
- 7.65
2.665D-15
- 6.75
- 7.8
25.
24.
6.45
6.2941176
9.75
11.4
31.
30.
8.25
4.3529412
15.75
15.
37.
36.
10.05
5.4117647
15.75
21.6
31.
30.
8.25
4.3529412
8.4705882
15.
37.
36.
10.05
5.4117647
6.8823529
21.6
31.
30.
8.25
4.3529412
8.4705882
8.6775701
37.
36.
10.05
5.4117647
6.8823529
13.898131
31.
30.
8.25
4.3529412
5.6635514
8.6775701
37.
36.
10.05
5.4117647
3.3925234
13.898131
--> K(5,:)=K(5,:)-15/17*K(3,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
- 18.
- 7.65
2.665D-15
1.776D-15
- 7.8
25.
24.
6.45
6.2941176
4.0588235
11.4
--> K(6,:)=K(6,:)-82/107*K(3,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
- 18.
- 7.65
2.665D-15
1.776D-15
- 1.9373832
25.
24.
6.45
6.2941176
4.0588235
6.4570093
-->K(5,:)=K(5,:)-69/107*K(4,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
- 18.
- 7.65
2.665D-15
5.811D-17
- 1.9373832
25.
24.
6.45
6.2941176
8.882D-16
6.4570093
-->K(6,:)=K(6,:)-58/101*K(5,:)
K =
4.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
13.
- 15.
0.
0.
0.
0.
19.
- 18.
- 7.65
2.665D-15
5.811D-17
- 1.187D-15
25.
- 24.
- 6.45
- 6.2941176
9.346D-10
2.376D-08
31.
30.
8.25
4.3529412
5.6635514
3.109D-08
37.
36.
10.05
5.4117647
3.3925234
5.2574258
13.
11.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
18.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
32.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
39.
-->det(K)
ans =
- 86022.
-->diag(K)
K =
-
4.
15.
7.65
6.2941176
5.6635514
5.2574258
-->prod(K)
ans =
- 86022.
7.
13.
19.
25.
31.
2.
8.
14.
20.
26.
32.
3.
9.
15.
21.
27.
33.
4.
10.
16.
22.
28.
34.
5.
11.
17.
23.
29.
35.
6.
12.
18.
24.
30.
36.
-->K
K =
4.
13.
19.
25.
31.
37.
8.
11.
20.
26.
32.
38.
9.
15.
18.
27.
33.
39.
10.
16.
22.
25.
34.
40.
11.
17.
23.
29.
32.
41.
12.
18.
24.
30.
36.
-->L= K(2:6, 1:6) // Select R1
L =
39.
8.
11.
20.
26.
32.
38.
9.
15.
18.
27.
33.
39.
10.
16.
22.
25.
34.
40.
11.
17.
23.
29.
32.
41.
12.
18.
24.
30.
36.
39.
-->P= L(1:$,2:$)//Cofactor for L11
P=
11.
20.
26.
32.
38.
15.
18.
27.
33.
39.
16.
22.
25.
34.
40.
17.
23.
29.
32.
41.
18.
24.
30.
36.
39.
-->M=(((-1)^(1+1))*(4))*det(P)
M =
76788.
-->N=(((-1)^(1+2))*(13))*det([8 20 26 3238;9
18 27 33 39;10 22 25 34 40; 11 23 29 32
41;12 24 30 36 39]) // Cofactor for L12
N =
-92664.
11.
20.
26.
32.
9.
15.
18.
27.
33.
10.
16.
22.
25.
34.
11.
17.
23.
29.
32.
12.
18.
24.
30.
36.
-->U=M+N+R+Q+S+T //Determinant of K
U =
- 86022.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
=
4.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
11.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
18.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
32.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
39.
K1=1/(K(1,1)^(size(K,2)-2))
K1 =
0.0039063
K=[det(K(1:2,1:2))det(K(1:2,1:2:3))
det(K(1:2,1:3:4))det(K(1:2,1:4:5))
det(K(1:2,1:5:6));det(K(1:2:3,1:2))
det(K(1:2:3,1:2:3))det(K(1:2:3,1:3:4))
det(K(1:2:3,1:4:5))det(K(1:2:3,1:5:6));
det(K(1:3:4,1:2))det(K(1:3:4,1:2:3))
det(K(1:3:4,1:3:4))det(K(1:3:4,1:4:5))
det(K(1:3:4,1:5:6));det(K(1:4:5,1:2))
det(K(1:4:5,1:2:3))det(K(1:4:5,1:3:4))
det(K(1:4:5,1:4:5))det(K(1:4:5,1:5:6));
det(K(1:5:6,1:2))det(K(1:5:6,1:2:3))
det(K(1:5:6,1:3:4))det(K(1:5:6,1:4:5))
det(K(1:5:6,1:5:6))]
K =
-
60.
57.
66.
75.
84.
72.
99.
102.
117.
132.
96.
117.
150.
159.
180.
120.
147.
174.
213.
228.
144.
177.
210.
243.
288.
K1=K1*(1/(K(1,1))^(size(K,2)-2))
K1 =
- 1.808D-08
K=[det(K(1:2,1:2))det(K(1:2,1:2:3))
det(K(1:2,1:3:4))det(K(1:2,1:4:5));
det(K(1:2:3,1:2))det(K(1:2:3,1:2:3))
det(K(1:2:3,1:3:4))det(K(1:2:3,1:4:5));
det(K(1:3:4,1:2))det(K(1:3:4,1:2:3))
det(K(1:3:4,1:3:4))det(K(1:3:4,1:4:5));
det(K(1:4:5,1:2))det(K(1:4:5,1:2:3))
det(K(1:4:5,1:3:4))det(K(1:4:5,1:4:5))]
K =
1836.
1368.
1620.
1872.
1548.
2664.
2340.
2736.
1980.
2520.
3780.
3600.
2412.
3096.
3780.
5184.
K1=K1*(1/(K(1,1))^(size(K,2)-2))
K1 =
- 5.365D-15
K=[det(K(1:2,1:2))det(K(1:2,1:2:3))
det(K(1:2,1:3:4));det(K(1:2:3,1:2))
det(K(1:2:3,1:2:3))det(K(1:2:3,1:3:4));
det(K(1:3:4,1:2))det(K(1:3:4,1:2:3))
det(K(1:3:4,1:3:4))]
K =
2773440.
1788480.
2125440.
1918080.
3732480.
2903040.
K1=K1*(1/(K(1,1))^(size(K,2)-2))
K1 =
- 1.934D-21
2384640.
3032640.
5002560.
K=[det(K(1:2,1:2)) det(K(1:2,1:2:3));
det(K(1:2:3,1:2))det(K(1:2:3,1:2:3))]
K =
10^12 *
6.9213616
3.9746433
4.1459641
8.8058908
K1=K1*(1/(K(1,1))^(size(K,2)-2))
K1 =
- 1.934D-21
det(K)*K1
ans =
- 86022.
*The following values are - 1.934D-21,- 5.365D-15, and- 1.808D-08 considered error in
Scilab but these are equal to zero.
RECOMMENDATION
We recommend the following in conducting this activity:
Avoid using same variables for the representations because it will overwrite the
data obtained from the previous computation/s.
Make sure that the values entered are correct for the matrices to avoid incorrect
outputs. Include also the proper commas, parenthesis, brackets, colons and
semicolons to obtain the desired output.
Be familiar with the different codes or syntax to lessen the time being consumed
in getting the outputs. Using different techniques like the identities can also
make the task easier and simpler.
If you want to use the previous command/syntax you entered, just press the
up arrow button and you can use it again or edit without retyping it.
Whenever you encounter problem/s, press F1 for the Scilab help in order to
know some information regarding certain topic or specific command.
If there is no function available for the syntax you needed, you may create your
another function.