"Acehnese language tradition.

"
Sumber : WIKIPEDIA

Name
As of 1988, "Acehnese" is the modern English name spelling and the bibliographical standard, and Acehnese people use the spelling "Acehnese" when writing in English. "Achinese" is an antiquated spelling of the English language tradition. "Atjehnese" is an antiquated spelling of a Dutch tradition and an outdated Indonesian one. The spelling "Achehnese" originates from a 1906 English translation of the Dutch language Studien over atjesche klank- en schriftleer. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 35.346-442 by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, 1892. In Acehnese the language is called Basa/Bahsa Ach. In Indonesian it is called Bahasa Aceh[1].

Classification and related languages

Acehnese belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Acehnese's closest relatives are the other Chamic languages, such as Jarai and Cham, with just 230,000 and 280,000 speakers respectively, in both Cambodia and Vietnam. Other relatives are the Malay language family, Minangkabau language, Gayo language and the Batak languages family.

Distribution

Acehnese language distribution in Aceh province

Acehnese language is located primarily in coastal region of Aceh. This language is spoken in 10 regencies and 4 cities in Aceh, those are: City 1. 2. 3. 4. Sabang Banda Aceh Lhokseumawe Langsa

North-East Coast 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Aceh Besar Pidie Pidie Jaya Bireuen North Aceh East Aceh (except in 3 subdistricts, Serba Jadi, Peunaron and Simpang Jernih where Gayo language is spoken)

West-South Coast 1. 2. 3. 4. Aceh Jaya Nagan Raya Southwest Aceh (except in subdistrict Susoh where Aneuk Jamee language is spoken) South Aceh (mixed with Kluet language and Aneuk Jamee language)

Phonology

Bilingual sign about tsunami warning in Indonesian and Acehnese The following are phonemes of Acehnese. Acehnese Vowels[2] Front Central

Back

oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal

i Close Close-mid e Open-mid Open

u o

Vowels come mostly in oral/nasal pairs, though there are only three nasalized mid vowels while there are twice as many oral mid vowels. / / is not strictly central, though it is shown here as such for aesthetic reasons. Similarly, // has also been represented as more back [].[citation needed] In addition to the monophthongal vowels above, Acehnese also possesses five oral diphthongs, each with a nasal counterpart:[2]

/i u / / /

Hikayat Prang Sabi Acehnese Consonants[3] Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal m n Nasal pb td c kg Plosive s h Fricative l j Approximant w r Trill /s/ is laminal alveodental. // is technically postalveolar but is in the palatal column for aesthetic reasons.