Integrated Pro-poor Water and Wastewater Management in Small Towns Project Implementation in Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia

Presented at the ESCAP Workshop on knowledge transfer and capacity building for water and sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 17-19 February 2009

Urban and Regional Development Institute

Serang District Authority 1

Background
ESCAP is implementing the project Integrated Pro-Poor Water and Wastewater Management in Small Towns. The overall objective of the project is to assist local governments in small towns in developing and implementing integrated water and wastewater management systems. The project is being implemented on closely interlinked regional and country-level tracks. Under the country-level track, ESCAP is assisting local government offices in Serang District and City in Indonesia to introduce pro-poor and integrated water and wastewater systems in partnership with the Urban and Regional Development Institute (URDI).
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Countryleveltrack:Indonesia
The intervention in Indonesia is built on the existing District Working Group on Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) or Pokja AMPL led by the State Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) under the Indonesia Water Supply And Sanitation Policy Formulation and Action Planning (WASPOLA) initiative. In June 2003, six national ministries signed the Community-Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation National Policy No. 23/2003. This policy was prepared in stages by a Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) Working Group led by the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) and involving the Ministries of Home Affairs, Settlement and Regional Infrastructure, Health and Finance. In line with the spirit of decentralization and regional autonomy policies, the WSES Working Group accommodated inputs from local governments to finalize a policy document and to determine how a national policy could be implemented at the regional level.
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CommunityBasedWSESNationalPolicy
Logical Framework
Sustainability Sustainability Policy for the Development of Community Based WSES Efficiency Efficiency 11 Principles of Community Based WSES Policy

11 Principles of Community Based WSES Policy

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Water as an Economic Good and Social Good Informed Choice as a Basis for Demand Responsive Approach Environmentally Based Development Hygiene Education Poverty Focus Active Role of Women in Decision Making Accountability in the Development Process Government as Facilitator Community Participation Optimum Service and Right Target Application of Cost Recovery Principles 4 4

Learning from experiences in the past indicates that WS&S system constructed are not functioning properly, because community was not involved in planning, construction operation and maintenance activity; Effective use and sustainability of service is better when the community is involved during the development phases;

WorkingGrouponWSES(PokjaAMPL) inSerangDistrict
ESCAP and BAPPENAS have selected the District of Serang, Province of Banten, to implement the pilot project in Indonesia The working group on WSES is composed of all the agencies at the district level that have a role in this field. Members of working group are including: (1) Local Development Planning Board, (2) Health Service, (3) Education Service, (4) Social Welfare, (5) Environmental Agency, (6) Public Works, (7) Water Supply Company (PDAM), (8) Religious Agency , (9) NGO (Rekonvasi Bhumi) and (10) Local University (UNTIRTA). This working group has finalised a strategic plan (Renstra AMPL) for water and sanitation in the district.

StrategicPlanonWSES(RenstraAMPL)
Strategic Plan of WSES in Serang District is composed as guide in implementing the construction of community-based water and environment sanitation The formulation of Strategic Plan of WSES in Serang District has two parts: In year 2006, formulating the draft and In year 2007, finishing Final Strategic Plan of WSES It contains vision, mission, objective, target and strategy to achieve the overall goal of water and sanitation improvement. The project intervention is build upon the existence of this plan to develop it further, prepare a detailed strategy in a selected village and implement one pilot project.

WSESDevelopmentTargetinSerangDistrict
Preparing local regulation in supporting community based water supply and sanitation activities Improving community awareness on the importance of community based water supply and sanitation Improving the performance of behavior change on clean and healthy life style Improving active community participation through community and government institutions Provision and Betterment Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation facilities Improving the sustainability in managing Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation Improving community awareness on the importance of clean and healthy life style.
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ProjectIntervention
WorkingGroup MembersofWG National DevtPlanningBoard MinistryofPublicWorks MinistryofHealth MinistryofHomeAffairs MinistryofFinance RegionalDevtPlanningBoard SectoralAgencies Univesity NGOs LocalDevtPlanningBoard SectoralAgencies Univesity NGOs PolicyFormulation NationalPoliciesonWSES PolicyforInstitutionally BasedWSES PolicyforCommunity BasedWSES StrategicPlanatProvincial LevelonWSES

National

Province

District

StrategicPlanatDistrict LevelonWSES

DetailStrategyfor WSESatVillage Level 8

ObjectiveandResults
The main objective is to provide technical assistance to the Serang District Authorities by developing together a participatory, consensus oriented and integrated strategic plan for water and sanitation at the village level, and to test its implementation through a pilot project. Expected Results:
Result A: Serang authorities and in particular the members of the Working Group (Pokja AMPL) enhance their knowledge of key concepts in pro-poor water and wastewater management and strategic planning. Result B: A detailed strategy on water and sanitation for one selected subdistrict of Serang is prepared by URDI in collaboration with Serang Authorities and submitted for approval to the Working Group. Result C: A pilot project where water and/or sanitation services are delivered to the urban poor is implemented. Result D: The formulation of the village strategic plan is documented and disseminated.

CaseStudy:SerangDistrictandSerangCity
Situated about 70 km from Jakarta as Capital City of Indonesia Serang City is new local government authorities separated from Serang District in year 2007 The pilot projects are located in two villages: Kampung Dermayon and Sukawana

Dermayon Sukawana

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WaterandSanitationConditionsinSerang

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Socio-Economic Profiles

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OverallProcessoftheProject

Coordination with Pokja AMPL National Preliminary Discussions with Pokja AMPL Serang District

Developing Baseline Data and Community profile

Series of Community Meeting

Construction of wastewater treatment plant

Conducting First Community Consultation Conducting Second Community Consultation

Feasibility Study

Piped water connection

National Workshop

Meeting with Pokja AMPL Serang District

Establishing Refill water business

ProjectPreparation
Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved Outcome Challenges Coordination with Working Group at National Level City selection Discussion on project approach and methodology Define the scope of works of the project The discussion was undertaken almost 4 months in order to introduce the project as well as get commitment from the Authority The workshop is aimed to enhance the knowledge of the team on the key concepts in pro-poor waster and wastewater management and strategic planning Pokja AMPL Pusat Waspola Project Selected city National Working Group support the project implementation Support from Pokja AMPL Serang District LG budget allocation in FY 2008 Agreed strategy for project implementation plan Two proposed project locations To find out how the Renstra AMPL is implemented at village level

Preliminary Discussion with Serang District Authority

Pokja AMPL Serang District Head of District (bupati)

How the project results could be integrated to local annual development planning process Coordination mechanism in project implementation, especially with Serang City Authority which is newly 14 established

National Workshop

Pokja AMPL Pusat Pokja AMPL Banten Province Pokja AMPL Serang District Universities NGOs

CommunityMappingandConsultation
Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved Outcome Challenges

Developing Baseline Data and Community Profile on Water and Sanitation First Community Consultation

Identifying issues and problems on water and sanitation through community participation (transect walk, interviews, discussion) The first consultation was discussed water and sanitation issues and problems, ideal condition in the future, alternative solutions and informed choices (alternative technology). The second consultation was discussed about strategic action plans to address water and sanitation problems with considering local potential and resources.

Community Local government officer Village officer Pokja AMPL Serang District Water Company Waspola Facilitator Head of SubDistrict Head of Village Community Pokja AMPL Serang District Water Company Waspola Facilitator Head of Village Community

Community profile on water and sanitation

Increasing the awareness of community on WSES through participatory assessment To find out possible solutions to address watsan issues and to fulfill community needs and expectation Further elaboration of each proposed action plans and implementation strategy 15 15

Common issues and problems on water and sanitation Community expectation and potential on the future conditions of WSES Proposed action plans to address water and sanitation issues Community working group

Second Community Consultation

Pilot Project Planning and Design

Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved
Community Village officer

Outcome

Challenges

Community Meetings

A series of meeting with community was conducted to prepare pilot project implementation strategy including priority location, target group, financing scheme and institutional arrangement

Agreed priority location Identification of target group Availability of land Target customer for piped water connection

How to determine priority location and target group for each action plans Mobilizing community contribution to the project implementation Limited space for wastewater treatment plan

Feasibility Study on proposed action plans

The feasibility study was undertaken to further analyze technical and financial aspects of each action plans and to determine suitable project sites

Bali Fokus (Technical Expertise on Watsan) Community Village officer

Technical consideration and option choice for sanitation facility DED model for each option Financial analysis for construction Pokja approval on pilot project proposals

Meeting with Pokja AMPL Serang District

The meeting was conducted before pilot project implementation to get approval from Pokja on the pilot project proposals and to discuss possible expansion and replications across the district

Pokja AMPL Serang District Water Company

Possibility to apply Strategic Plan of Watsan to other related projects in the 16 future

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Pilot Project Implementation

Activity Description of Activity Actors Involved Bali Fokus Community Workers Outcome Challenges

Construction of shared septic tanks and individual septic tank

Community participation in construction work (digging the project site) Hiring construction workers Construction of shared septic tanks and individual septic tanks Facilitating communication with Local Water Enterprise to make sure there is plan for piped water connection to Dermayon area and providing subsidy for down-payment Identifying available land to construct the building, preparing institutional arrangement and business plan

6 (six) shared septic tanks were constructed 30 individual septic tanks are under construction

Land availability Physical condition of soil Community should provide family toilet

Piped Water Connection

Pokja AMPL Water company

Confirmation letter from PDAM on the plan Survey on piped connection system Application form submitted Building Installed Refill water machine Business plan

Accelerating the connection process and makes sure community affordability and willingness to pay Setting up community based business unit on refill 17 17 water

Establishing Refill Water Business

Community Head of Village

Pilot Project #1: Piped Water Connection to PDAM in Dermayon

Problem: Kampung Dermayon has poor and lack of water resources. Ground water quality is very poor and contaminated. Public hydrant provided by water company (PDAM) is only main source of drinking water in the area. The cost of drinking water is US$ 0.2 per m3. Average water consumption per household is 2m3. The cost of water per month ranges from US$ 15-20.

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Pilot Project #1: Piped Water Connection to PDAM in Dermayon

Proposed intervention: Through consultative process with PDAM and also Pokja meeting, there is a plan to piped water connection from PDAM in year 2009. Connection Fee is about US$ 150 per customer which can be installed in 12 months. The project will provide subsidy for connection fee with the amount is ranged from US$ 50-100 depending how many people applied. Total fund allocated is about US$ 10,000
19 Water Tariff: The minimum payment per month is about US$ 5 for 10m3 water usage

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Pilot Project #1: Piped Water Connection to PDAM in Dermayon

Progress to Date: There is 114 household which already submit the registration form PDAM has conducted preliminary survey to calculate investment cost The household survey will be conducted in the last week of February 2009. After the survey, the project subsidy will be transferred to PDAM. The construction is expected to be implemented in April 2009. Actors Involves:
PDAM provide initial investment for water connection to community as well as operation and maintenance Community are customers of piped water connection. They pay for connection fee and monthly payment Pokja AMPL facilitates the consultative process between community, PDAM and the Project and provides support and commitment to connect water supply ESCAP provide fund which use as subsidy for connection fee

Pilot Project #2: Establishing Community-Based Refill-Water Business

Problem: The quality of ground water in Sukawana is deteriorated. Community use the ground water for daily use only. There is only one public hydrant to serve 1,013 HHs The cost of drinking water is US$ 0.2 per m3 No plan for piped water connection from PDAM Refill water is an alternative to meet community need of drinking water The current refill water provider is located almost 4 km from project location, while demand for drinking water is increased.
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Pilot Project #2: Establishing Community-Based Refill-Water Business

Proposed Intervention: As result of community consultation, there is an idea to establish water refill business to serve drinking water The business will be managed by communitybased business unit under the supervision of village authority The initial investment is about US$ 5,000 including building construction, machine, equipments and start-up cost Some portion of business profit will be 23 allocated for infrastructure improvement and community activity

Community Based Business Unit

Board of Supervision - Representatives from Village Authority and Community Leaders

Board of Management - Chairman, Secretary and Treasury

Transparency and Accountability - Organization rule -Monthly Financial Report

Operator

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Pilot Project #2: Establishing Community-Based Refill-Water Business in Sukawana

Progress to Date: Community provided land Building has been constructed Purchase refill water machine Business plan has been prepared Set-up community based business unit and its mechanism
Actor Involved: Community is provided land as part of the initial investment, At the same time they also are employed as workers in the construction process and will be the customers of the bussiness provided. Community Based Business Unit is the community group who will manage the bussiness Local Government is facilitate the construction process through monitoring and together with community organisation as well as local leader monitor the bussiness operation.

Project Investment Cost

Cost Item Land Machine Purchasing Construction of building Technical Assistance Equipments Business start-up cost (4 months)

Unit 16m2 1 1 1 1 4

Unit Cost (US$) 5 2,200 1,600 200 137.5 978.2

Total Cost (US$) 80 2,200 1,600 200 137.5 782.5 5,000

Source Community contribution ESCAP Project ESCAP Project and Community ESCAP ESCAP Project ESCAP Project

Total Investment

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Pilot Project #3: Improved Sanitation Facility in Dermayon and Sukawana

Problem: Most of houses do not have individual toilet Open defecation (public space and river) Less awareness on environmental health The quality of ground water is deteriorated Poor drainage system Densely populated area and poor settlement

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Pilot Project #3: Improved Sanitation Facility in Dermayon and Sukawana

Proposed Intervention: Training on Community Total Led Sanitation (CLTS) to increase community awareness on the importance of healthy life and reduce number of open defecation in the area. This training was organized by Pokja AMPL Serang District. Provision of adequate and appropriate sanitation facilities: shared septic tank and individual septic tank Technical assistance for community to construct and to improve low cost and appropriate individual toilet

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Pilot Project #3: Improved Sanitation Facility in Dermayon and Sukawana

Progress to Date: Communities in both areas have agreeed that shared septic tank as the first priority for the project. In Dermayon, 4 (four) shared septic tanks and 5 (five) individual septic tanks have been built. In Sukawana, 2 (two) shared septic tanks have been built. Around 55 individual septic tanks are now under the construction (17 in Dermayon and 38 in Sukawana) Actors Involves: Bali Fokus provide technical assistance for designing low cost but appropriate and healthy toilet and supervising the construction. The skilled-community involved in the construction works Community involve din providing land, digging and build their own individual toilets

TrainingonCLTS
Organized by Pokja AMPL Serang District The training was aimed: To improve understanding towards the importance of basic sanitation To increase their awareness on water and sanitation issues particularly on basic sanitation (toilet provision) To share their experience with other community in their area and to stimulate the awareness of community on the importance of healthy life There are 5 (five) people from Dermayon and 5 (five) peeople from Sukawana participated in the training program.

TechnicalConsiderationsandRecommendation
Sukawana Village
Main issues : Densely populated area Bathing and washing using water from shallow well, river and rain water For defecation, most of the communities go to the river or open space

Kampung Dermayon
Main issues : Densely populated area Bathing and washing using water from shallow well, river and rain water. For defecation, most of the communities use the river or open space Limited space for wastewater treatment plant Poor drainage for discharging the effluent and grey water Technical Condition and Feasibility Result : Source of wastewater: Domestic wastewater (toilet, bathing and washing/ black and grey water) Land ownerships: Own by private/individual Water resources: Public hydrant and shallow well Water table: 30- 50 cm below the ground surface Drainage condition: Poor condition and Stagnant water Elevation : Relatively flat Access for logistic and desludging: Accessible for medium size truck until the main road. And from main road to the site, require logistic transfer
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Technical Condition and Feasibility Result : Source of wastewater: Domestic wastewater (toilet, bathing and washing) Land ownerships: Private own Water resources: Public hydrant and shallow well Water table: 50 cm below the ground surface Drainage condition: Flowing, no stagnant water Elevation : Slope approximately 0,5 - 1 % Access for logistic and desludging: Accessible for medium size truck until the main road. From main road to the site, require logistic transfer

TechnicalConsiderationsandRecommendation
Sukawana Village
Technical options for sanitation: Individual septic tank using common shape of septic tank (rectangular) Individual septic tank using round shape concrete Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) Shared septic tank Public toilet Simplified sewerage system Recommendation: Individual septic tank using common shape of septic tank (rectangular) Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) Shared Septic Tank Option Choiced Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) Shared Septic Tank

Kampung Dermayon
Technology option for sanitation: Individual septic tank using common shape of septic tank (rectangular) Individual septic tank using round shape concrete Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) Shared septic tank Public toilet Simplified sewerage system Recommendation: Shared septic tank for 3-5 HH Individual Septic Tank

Option Choiced Individual septic tank using BioFil (pre-fab) Shared Septic Tank

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Shared SepticTank for 35HHs(18M3)

Source:BALIFOKUS

IndividualSeptictankusingroundconcrete(80cm)

Source:BALIFOKUS

ConstructionWorks:SharedSeptic Tank

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ConstructionWorks:Individual SepticTanks

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ProjectInterventiontoBasicSanitation Improvement
Number of House Village Sukawana* House with Toilet % Target UNESCAP Beneficiaries

RT 01B RT 01A RT 04 Kp. Dermayon RT 04 RT 05 RT 06

109 89 200 194 121 124

8 4 5 88 62 48

7.3 4.5 2.5 45 51 39

16 13 16

15 13 16

Note: The intervention consist of Share septic tank (serve for 3-5 Houses) and individual Septic tank (serve for 1 house) Currently 6 share septic tanks (4 in Dermayon and 2 in Sukawana) and 5 individual septic tanks (in Dermayon) have been constructed.

SomeLessonLearned (1)
The involvement of Pokja AMPL Serang District since the project formulation has been increasing the understanding on the project process. Pokja AMPL has been involved in project activities such as community consultation, coordination meeting, pilot project approval and monitoring project implementation. In other similar project, the Pokja involvement is quite limited, sometime they just approved the project without knowing detail project implementation Increasing communication between community and local government regarding the improvement of water and sanitation facilities in the poor area. The project has been facilitated communication between community in Dermayon and PDAM (Local Water Enterprise) to get piped water connection. They have tried to apply for piped water connection since 2002. Communication between Village Authority and community in Sukawana in preparing pilot project proposal for refill-water business and also 38 priority locations for shared septic tanks.

SomeLessonLearned (2)
Community participation has came into an essential meaning when there is balance combination between process and implemented action in the project The project approach has been combined the importance of project process and stakeholder capacity building as well as the pilot implementation which provide direct benefit to the community. Increasing community contribution to the project implementation such as: voluntarily work for digging the land and provision of individual toilets

The project result in preparing strategic action plan on WSES at village level could be adapted to other similar projects in the future Pokja AMPL will propose the strategic action plan on WSES in Dermayon and Sukawana as instrumen tto integrate other similar project interventions in the area There is an effort from Pokja AMPL to integrate other project with the pilot project intervention (i.e: in case of piped water connection, the LG has allocated budget in FY 2009 to expand the PDAM service in 39 surrounding Dermayon area)

Replicability toothermunicipalities
The existence of Active Working Group on Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) at City/District Level Local government commitment to support policy framework (i.e Renstra AMPL) and budget allocation for coordination and supervision. The assistance from Local NGO and/or research institutions working on policy making process and water and sanitation aspect Support from external agencies to finance the process as well as the pilot implementation

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ThankYou

ContactDetail: UrbanandRegionalDevelopmentInstitute(URDI) RukanRoyalPalaceBlockC3 Jl.Prof.dr.Soepomo,SHKav.178A MentengDalam,Jakarta12870Indonesia Telp:+62218312087,83785532 Fax:+62218312196 THANKYOU Homepage:www.urdi.org Email:wahyu@urdi.org

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