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MATERI

Tinjauan Umum Dosage Form Semi Solid

Ointment Krim Suppositoria Suspensi Emulsi Sirup

Alasan Pembuatan Sediaan Aspek Farmasi Fisik dalam Formulasi Formulasi Sediaan Evaluasi Sediaan Pengembangan Sediaan

Liquid

Transdermal Drug Delivery System

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Referensi

Physical Pharmacy (Martin) Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi (Ansel) Teori dan Praktek Industri Farmasi (Lachman) Remington : The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Dosage Form (Lachman) Internet
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Pharmaceutics

Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design. There are many chemicals with known pharmacological properties but a raw chemical is of no use to a patient. Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.
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Introduction

What is the difference between a chemical and a drug?

Chemical: A substance composed of chemical elements or obtained by chemical process (review chemistry) A drug is any substance taken into or applied to the body for the purpose of altering the bodys biochemical functions and thus its physiological processes a medical substance or remedy used to change the way a living organism functions also called a medication

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Patients don't take drugs... They take dosage forms.

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OBAT

SUBSTANSI API DALAM SEDIAAN FARMASI

UNTUK TUJUAN FARMAKOTERAPI

MEKANISME PENGGUNAAN
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Dosage Form
Drugs products contain many components:
an

active ingredient is the biochemically reactive component of the drug

ingredients or inactive ingredients have little or no physiological effect

inert

stabilize the tablet or liquid formulation

provide the raw material for many topical creams and ointments

ensure sterility of injectable products

assist in the masking of unpleasant tasting medications for pediatric patients
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Examples of Dosage Forms

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A Dosage Form is a Formulation

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Concept of a Formulation

A specific combination of Drug(s) and Excipients is a FORMULATION Each formulation is a UNIQUE composition...
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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to its physical properties

Dosage forms

Homogenous systems Dispersion systems one phase (dispersed phase) is distributed throughout another one (continuous phase, dispersion medium)

According to the size of dispersed particles (1 nm- 0,5 mm) a molecular, colloidal and coarse dispersions can be distinguished May require shaking before administration

According to the overall physical properties of dosage forms (both homogenous and dispersion systems) one can distinguish

Gaseous dosage forms Liquid dosage forms Semisolid dosage forms Solid dosage forms
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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to its physical properties

Gases

Gases medicinal gases, inhalation/volatile anaesthetics (vaporised before administration by inhalation) Aerodispersions of solid particles (e.g., inhalation antiasthmatics) or liquid particles (inhalation antiasthmatics or sprays)

Liquids

Solutions one homogenous phase, prepared by dissolving one or more solutes in a solvent Emulsions

a dispersion system consisting of two immiscible liquids o/w or w/o cloudy appearance

Suspensions

o w

A dispersion system where solid particles are dispersed in liquid phase Not intended for systemic administration of drugs with high potency

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Volume/weight for estimation of dose of liquid dosage forms

Dosing measure
1 drop 1 teaspoonful 1 tablespoonful 20 drops of aqueous solution 60 drops of ethanolic solution

Aprox. volume (ml) 0,05 5 15

Aprox. weight (g) 0,05 5 15

1
1,25

1
1

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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to its physical properties Semisolid dosage forms

Unshaped (without specific physical shape)

Gels -A semisolid systems in which a liquid phase is constrained within a 3D cross-linked matrix. Creams semisolid emulsion systems (o/w, w/o) containing more than 10% of water. o/w creams - more comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are less greasy and more easily water washable w/o creams accommodate and release better lipophilic API, moisturizing, Cold creams Ointments semisolid dosage forms with the oleaginous (hydrocarbon), water-soluble or emulsifying base Oleaginous (hydrocabon) base: Petrolatum (Vaseline white, yellow) Water-soluble base: Polyethylenglycol (PEG)- ointment syn. macrogol ointments Pastes semisolid dispersion system, where a solid particles (> 25%, e.g. ZnO) are dispersed in ointments mostly oleaginous (Petrolatum)
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Cont

Shaped

Suppositories (for rectal administration) different shapes Melting/dissolving at body temperature Oleaginous (cacao butter, adeps neutralis) or aqueous (PEGs, glycerinated gelatine)

Pessaries (vaginal suppositories) Similar as above, PEGs or glycerinated gelatine are often used as base.

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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to its physical properties

Solid dosage forms

Unshaped (without specific shape) - powders for external/internal use Shaped - Tablets - Capsules - Implantates
-

Transdermal patches

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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to the route of administration

Dosage forms for systemic administration p.o. s.l. and buc. rectal parenteral transdermal inhalation for local administration Topical (on the skin or mucosa)

Into/onto - the eye, nose, ear - the oral cavity - the vagina, rectum - the brochi - the skin

Local parenteral (viz Parenteral above)

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THE END

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