You are on page 1of 31

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o .

( 26 )

21 . 10 . 2012 (Sunday)

Vol : (2 ) No . ( 26 )

jynfaxmifpkBuHUckdifa&;ESifU zGHY NzdK;a&;ygwD yxrtBudrfygwDnDvmcH (2012) atmifjrifpGmusif;yNyD;pD;

jynfaxmifpkBuHYcdkifa&;ESifhzGHYNzdK;a&;ygwD yxrtBudrfygwDnDvmcH(2012) udk (2012)ckESpf? atmufwdkbm (14)&ufrS (17)&uftxd av;&ufMumusif;ycJhonf/ tqdkygtcrf;tem;wGif ygwDzGJYpnf;yHktajccHpnf;rsOf;jyifqifjcif;?
tqdkwifoGif;jcif;? axmufcHaqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ ,if;tcrf;tem;okdY ygwD'kwd,Ou|? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;? A[dktwGif;a&;rSL;? A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrsm;? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh
pmrsufESm ( 26 ) okdU
jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuXrsm;wufa&mufcJhMuonf/

88rsKd ;qufausmif;om;rsm;Ekid if aH &;ygwx


D al xmifonfqjkd cif;udp rif;udEk idk &f iS ;f vif;ajymqkd
88rsd K ;quf a usmif ; om;rsm;
Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD x l a xmif r nf [ k *sme,f
wpf a pmif azmf j yyg&S d j cif ; tygt0if
88rsdK;quf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhywfouf
od&Sdvkdonfh *,ufrsm;tm; ukdrif;udk
EkdifESifhawGUqHkar;jref;cJhonfrsm;rS ......
Q-

usdKufxD;kd;rSm (88)twkbmnmqdkNyD;
awmhjyemjzpfw,f/ weoFm&DrSmvnf;
jzpfw,f/ bmvkdY(88)twkqdkNyD;jzpfvm
&wmvJ/
A- (88)udkjzwfoef;zl;wJhvlawGwdkif;u
ud k , f h u k d u d k , f a jymr,f q d k & if a jymcG i f h & S d
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYwm;cGifhr&Sdbl;/ wpfck
awmh & S d w ,f / 'guRef a wmf w d k Y e J Y a wmh
b,fvdkrSroufqdkifbl;/ olwdkY&JUvkyf&yf
awG a &m?ol w k d Y , l x m;wJ h t zG J Y t pnf ; &J U
vkyfief;pOfawGa&maygh/ uRefawmfwkdYeJY
b,fvkdrS rywfoufygbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY
vkyw
f t
hJ vkyq
f &kd ifwm0ef,zl Ykd tqifoif&h dS
w,f/ tJ'Dawmh qifwl,kd;rSm;qdkwm
acwfwdkif;rSm&Sdygw,f/ tJ'gudktaumif;

pmrsufESm

( 23 ) okdU

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

aZurmukrPDvDrdwuf rdom;pk\ tm[m&'getvSLESifhaiGya'omyif pkdufxlvSL'gef;yGJ oefvsifNrdKUe,f vli,fzGHY NzdK;a&; y&[dwa*[mausmif;wGifusif;y


jref r mEk d i f i H v H k ; qk d i f & max&0g;'Ak '
bmomtzG J Y c sKyf E S i f h e ,f p yf a wmif w ef ;
a'oA[ko
d moeEk*[
toif;Ou|? t*
r[moD & d o k " r r Pd a Zmw"&0P
ausmf
xifa'gufwmcifa&T(aZurmukrPDvDrd
wuf)rdom;pk\ tm[m&'getvSLESifhaiG
ya'omyifpkdufxlvSL'gef;yGJtcrf;tem;ukd
atmufwkdbmv(11)7ufu oefvsifNrdKU
e,f&Sd qkawmif;jynfhbkef;awmfBuD;ynm
a&;ESifhwkdif;&if;om; vli,fzGHYNzdK;a&;y&
[d w a*[mausmif ; wG i f usif ; yjyKvk y f
onf/
tcrf;tem;ukd earmw(3)Budrf
&GwfqkduefawmhzGifhvSpfNyD; qkawmif;
jynfhbkef;awmfBuD; oifynma&;ausmif;

tkyfq&mawmf b'EeE0HoxHrS ig;yg;


oD v cH , l a qmuf w nf M uonf / ,if ;
aemuf jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qkdif&m ax&0g'Ak'
bmomtzG J Y c sKyf E S i f h e ,f p yf a wmif w ef ;
a'oA[k d o moemEk * [ toif ; Ou | ?

t*r[moD&dok"rrPdaZmw"&0 0P

ausmfxifa'gufwmcifa&Tuomoema&;
qkdif&mrsm;avQmufxm;NyD; awmifydkif;ckdif
omoemEk * [ toif ; Ou | OD ; od e f ; aZmf
av;u qkawmif;jynhfbkef;awmfBuD; oif

ynma&;ausmif;jzpfay:vmyHkESifhywfouf
&S i f ; vif ; wif j yonf / quf v uf
Ou|a'gufwmcifa&TxH aiGya'omyif
pku
d x
f &l eftvSL&Sirf sm;u tvSLaiGrsm; vSL
'gef;onf/ xkdYaemufA[kdomoemEk*[

toif;'k-Ou| OD;ausmfcifjrifhxH ckdif


omoemEk*[toif;Ou| OD;odef;aZmf
av;u toif;om;uwfjym;rsm; ay;tyf
ygonf / ,if ; aemuf q&mawmf x H r S
tEkarm"emw&m;emMum; a&pufoeG ;f cs

trQa0MuNyD; Ak'omoeHpd&Hwd|wk(3)Budrf
&Gwq
f q
dk ak wmif; tcrf;tem;ukd kyo
f rd ;f
vkdufaMumif;owif;&&Sdygonf/

&efukefta&SY ydkif;jynfolYaq;HkBuD;taMumtqpfESifhudk,ft*FgjyefvnfoefpGrf;a&;
txl;uktaqmuftODaqmufvkyfa&;pDrHudef;twGuf *syeftpdk;&rSaxmufyHU
&efuek t
f a&SUydik ;f jynfoaYl q;HBk uD; td;k ?taMum?tqpfEiS u
fh ,
kd t
f *FgjyefvnfoefprG ;f a&;txl;uktaqmufttHak qmufvyk af &;pDru
H ed ;f twGuf tar&duefa':vm(76590)tm; *syeftpk;d &rS
vTJajymif;ay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;ESifhzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;udk (2012)ckESpf?atmufwdkbm(18)&ufaeYwGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
&efuek t
f a&SUydik ;f jynfoaYl q;HBk uD;onf (1921)ckEpS w
f iG &f efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;?Akv
d w
f axmifNrdKUe,fpwifwnfaqmufcNhJ yD;aq;HBk uD;twGi;f &Sd taMumtqpfEiS hf ud,
k t
f *FgjyefvnfoefprG ;f a&;ukoaqmifukd (1978)ckEpS w
f iG f
wnfaqmufcJhonf/ if;ukoaqmifwGif wpfvvQifvlemOD;a&(900)cefYukoavhusihfay;vsuf&SdNyD; ukoa&;qdkif&mpufypnf;rsm;ESifhjynhfESufaeNyD; xdkpufrsm;tjynhft0toHk;csEdkifa&;twGuf ae&mtcuftcJrsm;ESihf
&ifqdkifBuHKawGUae&ygonf/ if;tcuftcJrsm;udkajz&Sif;Edkif&ef &efukefta&SUydkif;jynfolYaq;HkBuD; tdk;taMumtqpfESifhudk,ft*FgjyefvnfoefpGrf;a&;ukoaqmifopfwnfaqmuf&efvdktyfcsuf&Sdvmojzifh *syeftpkd;&rS
if;\tao;pm;axmufyHhrIrsm;tpDtpOft& &efukefta&SUydkif;jynfolYaq;HkBuD;wGif tdk;taMumtqpfESifhudk,ft*FgjyefvnfoefpGrf;a&;ukoaqmifopfaqmuf&eftwGuf axmufyHhay;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
if;tcrf;tem;okdY jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m*syefoHHk;rSoHrSL; Mr.Hideaki MATSUO? usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeusef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme'kwd,TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfa'gufwmOD;oef;0if;? &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme
XmerSL;a'gufwmOD;at;udk?&efukefta&SUykdif;jynfolYaq;HkBuD;aq;HktkyfBuD;a'gufwma':wifwifpdefESifh&efukefta&SUydkif;jynfolYaq;HkBuD;rSoufqdkif&myk*dKvfrsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
NL

a0ae,sock abmZe qGr;f pm;ausmif;aqmif


wdkifxlr*Fvmusif;y

ucsifjynfe,f? rdk;nif;NrKdUpdrf;&wemrGef(awmif)&yfuGufESifhaysmfbG,faus;&Gmtul;tus,f(6)ay?teuf(5)ay&Sdaom
a&ajrmif;twGi;f pufwifbmF-(12)&uf aeYn(12)em&Dcefw
Y iG f PAJERO trsdK;tpm;,mOftrSw(f 7c^6422)onf uke;f twuf
cRefwGef;
wGiaf emufjyefvrd u
hf scJo
h nf/

ucsif;jynfe,f? rd;k ni;f NrKdU? pdEmrPdausmif;wdu


k w
f iG f a0ae,sokcabmZeqGr;f
pm;ausmif;aqmifwdkifxlr*Fvmudk atmufwdkbm(8)&ufaeY eHeuf(8)em&DcGJtcsdefwGif
usif;yjyKvkyfonf/wdkifxlr*FvmodkYpdEmrPdawm&ausmif;wdkufq&mawmfb'Eacrm
pm&ESifhoHCmawmfrsm;?vuform;tzGJUrsm;?zdwfMum;xm;aom{nfhonfawmfrsm;wuf
a&mufMuNyD; ]]OD;,kwikd }f }tm;wa&mfuifyeG ;f jzifo
h efpY if tE&,fuif;w&m;"rrsm;&Gwf
zufumr*FvmtcsdefwGifpdkufxlcJhMuonf/tqdkygOwkabmZea0ae,sqGrf;pm;ausmif;
aqmifonf tvsm;(34) ay? teH(25 1^2)ay (4cef;3cef;) wpfxyfausmif;aqmifjzpf
opm(rdk;nif;)
aMumif; od&&dS ygonf/

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

wnfqJOya'rsm;udkrvdkufemol? ysufuGufol? azmufzsufoludk wnfqJOya't& ta&;,l&rnf? Oya't& ta&;,l&efysufuGufoludk(odkhr[kwf)tzGJYtpnf;udkvnf;


jynfolrsm;(odkhr[kwf)jynfolhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u Oya'ESifUtnD tjypfay;ta&;,laqmif&GufEkdifcGifh&Sdap&rnf[k
jynfov
hl w
T af wmfOu| ol&OD;a&Tref;ajymMum;
yxrtBudrfjynfolUvTwfawmf yOr
yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0; yxraeYtjzpf (18?10?
2012)&uf? Mumoyaw;aeY eHeuf(10)
em&DtcsdefwGif aejynfawmf&Sd jynfolU
vTwfawmftaqmufttHk tpnf;ta0;

Nidrf;csrf;rI wnfNidrfat;csrf;rI&SdrSom 'Drdk


ua&pDpepf&SifoefEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/ xkdY
twl wnfNidrfat;csrf;rI&SdrSvnf; w&m;
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;(Rule Of Law)&SdrSmjzpfyg
w,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;

e,fy,fwGif ta&;,laqmif &GufaerIrsm;


&Sifoefae&ef rdrdwdkYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;wGif wm0ef&Sdaeonf[kcH,lNyD;
rdrdvTwfawmfe,fajr&Sd jynfolvlxktm;
vHk;yg0ifa&;twGuf aqmif&GufMuNyD; rdrd

ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ aqmif&u
G cf sufrsm;ESihf
pyfvsOf; jynfolUvTwfawmfodkY wifjy
jcif;ESifhrSwfwrf;wifjcif;rsm;aqmif&GufNyD;
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u ar;jref;
jcif;ESifh oufqkdif&m jynfaxmifpktqifh

cef;r usif;ycJh&m a&S;OD;pGm jynfolUvTwf


awmfOu| ol&OD;a&Tref;rS ae&m,lNyD;
aemuf wyfrawmfom; jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
udk,fpm;vS,f(15)OD; uwdopmjyKjcif;ESifh
uwdopmjyKvTmay:wGif vufrSwfa&;xkd;
jcif;aqmif&GufcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf jynfolU
vT w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0; txajrmuf
aMumif;ESifh pwifusif;yaMumif; aMunm
NyD; yxrtBudrf jynfolUvTwfawmfyOr
yHkrSeftpnf;ta0; yxraeYtpDtpOfaMu
nmonf / quf v uf tpnf ; ta0;
rwufa&mufEkdifaom jynfolUvTwfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u cGifhyefMum;jcif;ESifh
jynfoUl vTwaf wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf&,ljcif;
rsm;aqmif&GufcJhNyD; jynfolUvTwfawmf
Ou| ol&OD;a&Tref;u EIwfcGef;qufpum;
ajymqdk&mwGif ]]vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
rsm;cifAsm; jynfoUl ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; ud,
k f
pdwfESpfyg;usrf;rm&Tifvef;Muygap? jynfol
tusKd;? trsm;tusKd;? EkdifiHtusKd; ydkrdk
aqmif&u
G Ef idk Mf uygapvdYk qEjyK&if; yxr
tBudrf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfyOryHrk eS t
f pnf;
ta0;pwifusif;ywJhaeYrSm EIwfcGef;quf
oygw,f/ vTwfawmfrsm;? ygvDrefrsm;?
uGef&ufrsm;onf 'Drkdua&pDpepfjzpfxGef;
a&;ESifh &Sifoefa&;wGif t"duta&;BuD;
aomu@wGif yg0ifaeygw,f/ odkYjzpf
jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhzGJUpnf;xm;
aom vTwaf wmfrsm;\ apwemESihf t&nf
tcsif;onf rnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif;od&Sd
xm;Mu&efvdkygw,f/ xdkYtwl vTwfawmf
\ tcGifhta&;? jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xdkufwefpGmESifh xd
a&mufpmG toH;k jyKaeMu&efvt
kd yfygw,f/
'DtcGit
hf a&;rsm;udak qmif&u
G &f mwGif jynf
olUtoHrsm;? jynfolUqErsm;ESifh jynfol
rsm;\ arQmfvifhcsufrsm;udk trSefwu,f
vTwfawmfrsm;u azmfaqmifay;Ekdifa&;
onf txl;ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;cifAsm-

ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&;wdkYonf tjyef


tvSeftrSDo[JjyKNyD; tusKd;oufa&muf
rIrsm;vnf;&SdaeMuwmjzpfygw,f/ w&m;
Oya'pdk;rdk;jzpfxGef;a&;twGuf wnfqJ
Oya'pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk rnforl qdk
vdkufemMu&rnf/ rvdkufemol? ysufuGuf
ol? azmufzsufoludk wnfqJOya't&
ta&;,l & rnf / Oya't& ta&;,l
aqmif&Guf&ef ysufuGufoludk (odkYr[kwf)
tzGUJ tpnf;udv
k nf; jynforl sm;(odrYk [kw)f
jynfoUl ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u Oya'ESit
hf nD
tjypfay;ta&;,laqmif&GufEkdifcGifh&Sdae
ap&rnf/ ta&;,laqmif &GufMu&rnf
jzpf xkdudp xkdjzpfpOfrsm;udk vufawGU

wdkYjrefrmEkdifiH\ 'Drkdua&pDjyKjyif ajymif;


vJa&;atmifjrifatmifBudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf
oGm;Mu&efvdkygw,f/ xdkYtwl aqmif&Guf
&mwGif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
ygwDpGJ? 0g'pGJ? a'opGJ? vlrsKd;pGJ? udk;uG,f
onf h t ,l b momtpG J r xm;&S d b J Ek d i f i H
tusKd;? EkdifiHom;tusKd;? jynfaxmifpk
tusKd;twGuf rQrQwwjzpfapa&;twGuf
t"duxm;NyD; &J&J0Hh0Hhowd&Sd&Sdaqmif&Guf
oGm;Mu&efvt
kd yfygw,f}}[kajymqdck o
hJ nf/
qufvuf yxrtBudrf jynfolU
vT w f a wmf p wk w y H k r S e f t pnf ; ta0;ES i f h
yOryHkrSeftpnf;ta0;Mum;umvtwGif;
jynfolUvTwfawmfOu|ESifh vTwfawmf

tzG J U tpnf ; 0if r sm;u ajzMum;jcif ; rsm;


aqmif&GufcJhonf/
xdaYk emuf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOu| u
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfrS twnfjyKcsufjzifh
ay;ydaYk om ](1964)ckEpS ?f jrefrmEkid if H Mu,f
ig;yGifhoabFmvkyfief;aumfydka&;&Sif;Oya'
udk kyfodrf;onfhOya'Murf;? EkdifiHawmf\
wm0efudk wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm pepfwus
vTJajymif;ay;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDvmcHvkyf
ief;rsm;atmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEkdifa&;wdkYudk
aESmifh,SufqefYusifjcif;rS umuG,fonfh
Oya'udkkyfodrf;onfhOya'Murf;? jynfol
tusKd;jyK0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;umuG,f
a&;tufOya'udk kyfodrf;onfh Oya'

Murf;? ajrodrf;(owKwGifrsm;)tufOya'
udk kyo
f rd ;f onfOh ya'Murf;rsm;ESiphf yfvsOf;
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm;vHk;\
oabmwl n D c suf a wmif ; cH N yD ; trsm;
oabmwlnDrIaMumifh jynfolUvTwfawmf
u twnfjyKaMumif;aMunmNyD; jynfolU
vTwfawmfOu| ol&OD;a&Tref;u yxr
tBudrf jynfoUl vTwaf wmfyOryHrk eS t
f pnf;
ta0;yxraeY&yfem;aMumif;ESifh tpnf;
ta0; 'kwd,aeY qufvufusif;yrnfh
aeY & uf E S i f h t csd e f u d k aMunmcJ h a Mumif ;
owif;&&Sdonf/
&J&J(ysOf;rem;)

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

tpOftvmrysufqifumETJa&TbdkNrdKYa'gifhbk&m;yGJ
ES p f p Of a wmf o vif ; vjynf h a usmf ( 10)&uf r S p
awmfovif;vjynfhausmf(15)&uftxd usif;yNrJjzpf
wJhppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;? a&Tbkdckdif a&TbdkNrdKUrSm&SdwJh
armfa"mjrifomNrdKUa'gifah pwDawmfBuD;&JUbk&m;yGaJ wmfudk
,ckESpfrSmawmh q&mOD;jrwfckdif&JUwm0efay;tyfrIeJY
oG m ;a&muf j zpf c J h y gw,f / tavmif ; rif ; w&m;BuD ;
OD;atmifaZ,s(1115)ckESpfrSmwnfxm;cJhwJh&wemod
CFtrnf&ig;rnf&jynfa&TbkdNrdKUxJukd 0ifa&mufvkduf
w,fqw
kd meJu
Y m*dwu
f aevSr;f jrif&wmutavmif;rif;
w&m;&JUkyfwkeJYtwl NrdKUwnfausmufpmukdwquf
wnf; jrif&NyD;wJhaemufrSmtckvuf&Sd
a&TbkdNrdKU&JUwpfckwnf;aom[kdw,f
jzpf w J h j ynf a &T o d c F [ k d w ,f w k d Y [ m
a&Tbkda'ocHawGeJYtwl aEG;aEG;axG;
axG;qD;BudKvkdYaeygw,f/ a&TbkdNrdKU
wGif;rSmvnf; bk&m;yGJudkvmMuwJh
te,fe,ft&yf&yfu bk&m;zl;awGu
qdkifu,feJYwpfrsdK;?axmfvm*sDeJYwpfzHk?
ta0;ajyum;awGeJYwpfenf;?&xm;eJY
wpfweftpkef?tqefoGm;vmvIyf&Sm;

'kw,
d Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D 0Dv,
D aH *sbef;pf\jrefrmEkid if aH ejynfawmfc&D;pOfEiS hf
ywfoufaom owif;xkwjf yefcsuf
Mumoyaw;? atmufwdkbm 18
jrefrmtpkd;&xdyfwef;t&m&Sd
rsm;?vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
ESifhawGUqkHaqG;aEG;&eftwGuf 'kwd
,Ek d i f i H j cm;a&;0ef B uD ; 0D v D , H a *s
bef;pfonf atmufwkdbm18&uf
wGif aejynfawmfokdYoGm;a&mufcJh
ygonf/ 'kw,
d 0efBuD;bef;pfonf
orwOD;ode;f pde?f jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
Ou|ol&OD;a&Tref;? EkdifiHjcm;a&;
0efBuD;OD;0P
armifvGif? umuG,f
a&;0ef B uD ; 'k w d , Ak d v f c sKyf B uD ; a0
vGif?a':atmifqef;pkMunf? wkdif;
&if;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
rsm;ESifhtwkdif;xuftvGefaumif;
rGefNyD;tusKd;jzpfxGef;aomaqG;aEG;
yGJrsm;ukd jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ ESpfzuf
yk*dKvfrsm;onf ESpfOD;ESpfbuf\

aewJ h j rif u G i f ; ua&T b k d N rd K U&J U tvS u k d y d k r d k a y:vG i f a pygw,f /


bk&m;yGo
J mG ;wJv
h rf;wavQmufrmS vnf; q,fEh pS yf aJG ps;onfawG
&JUcif;usif;a&mif;csaewJha'oxGufukefawG? a'otpm;tpm
awGutp vloHk;ukefypnf;awGtqHk;cif;usif;a&mif;csae
ovkd bk&m;zl;vmjynfolawGuvnf;olwkdYvkdtyfwJhtoHk;
taqmifawGudk ysm;yef;cwfrQ0,f,lolawGa\eJYwdk;rayguf
atmifpnfum;aeygw,f/ 'ghaMumifhvnf; a&Tbkdom;awGu
'DNrdKUa'gifhapwDyGJawmf[m jrefrmEkdifiHtxufydkif;rSm tpnf
um;qHk;yGJawmfvkdY cyf<um;<um;av;ajymEkdifMuw,fxifyg&JU/
'gayr,fhbk&m;&ifjyifawmfay:rSmaps;
a&mif ; aeMuwJ h a ps;onf a ps;0,f
awG a Mumif h b k & m;zl ; &rS m awmif
ae&mtusyf t wnf ; jzpf a ew,f
vkdYxif&ovkd bk&m;&ifjyifawmfay:
rS m omoemh e ,f a jreJ Y r tyf p yf w J h
trsdK;orD;twGif;cHt0wftpm;awG
ukda&mif;csaewmuawmh jrif&wJhol
awG t wG u f p d w f r ouf r omjzpf & yg
w,f/ qdkifu,ft"dutoHk;jyKMuwJh
NrdKUjzpfwmeJt
Y nD qkid u
f ,ftyfvufcw
H ahJ e&mawGrmS vnf; vufrw
S u
f ek w
f t
hJ xdvufcaH e&wm ukv
d nf;awGjY rif
cJh&ygw,f/bk&m;yGJumvtwGif;rSmqdkifu,fwdkufrIuvGJvdkY qdkifu,fudkb,fvkdyJpD;pD;ta&;rIr&Sdwmudk
awG Y & wJ h t wG u f pH k p rf ; Munf h a wmh y G J a wmf u mvrk d Y a vQmh a vQmh a ygh a ygh p Of ; pm;ay;w,f v d k Y a 'ocH w csKd U u
ajymwmudkvnf; Mum;odcJh&awmh 'Dvdk&ufrsKd;rSm pnf;urf;udk ydkrdkwif;Muyfoifhw,fvdkY awG;rdygw,f/
qdkifu,fudk vdkwmxufydkNyD;armif;ESifaeMuwmawG? eHygwfrygwJhqdkifu,fawG? qdkifu,fOD;xkyfraqmif;
wJhvlawGudkawGU&wJhtwGuf Mum;xJu rqDrqdkiftonf;w,m;,m;eJYbk&m;waerdygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DESpf
bk&m;yGJumvu t&ifESpfawGxuf rawmfwqrIawG?rIcif;awG ydkNyD;enf;w,fvdkYawmh odcJh&ygw,f/
wcsKdUNrdKU?&GmawG&JU bk&m;yGJawGqdk&if nbufrSpnfum;wmjzpfayr,fh a&TbdkNrdKU&UJNrdKUa'gifbk&m;yGJuawmh
eHeufrdk;vif;upvdkY a&mif;ol?0,folwkef;kef;eJY pnfum;vSygw,f/ t&ifESpfawGu b,fvdkvJrodayr,fh
'D E S p f r S m awmh a 'ocH y &d o wf a wG tarQmf v if h q H k ; jzpf w J h Z mwf y G J a wG x J r S m pG r f ; ?'g'd k Y a &T ? yG J w d k i f ; ausmf ? rd k ; Bud K ;
iSufi,fav;rsm;?tmZmenfpef;pef;wdkYu vma&mufujyazsmfajzcJhMuygw,f/ 'g'dkYa&TZmwftzGJUrSm okyfaqmif?
tqdkawmfpdkif;pdkif;crf;vdIifeJY[def;a0,HwdkYu yg0ifulnDtm;jznfhay;cJhMuovdk yGJwdkif;ausmfZmwftzGJUrSmawmh
aw;oH&iS q
f akd w;eJo
Y kyaf qmif?tqdak wmfcspfpEd;k OD;? aw;oH&iS w
f oowdu
Yk yg0iftm;jznfu
h n
l aD y;cJMh uygw,f/
pdkif;pdkif;crf;vdIifeJY[def;a0,HwdkY a&TbdkNrdKUudka&mufaewmudk Mum;odMuwJholwdkY&JUy&dowfawGu ZmwfyGJxJrSm
wifMunfh&wmtm;r&bJ olwdkYwnf;wJhjynfa&TodCF[dkw,fa&SUrSm yGJxGufcsdefra&mufrcsif; wpfaeukefapmifhNyD;
tm;ay;MunfhIaeMuwm[mvnf; yGJcif;wrQygyJ/ rif;om;uxGufNyD;vufuav;jyvdkuf&ifudkyJ olwdkYtwGuf
wpfEpS w
f mvIy&f mS ;zd{Yk &mrtm;aq;wpfcu
G af omufvu
kd &f ovdk 0rf;omtm;&jzpfomG ;MuwJyh &dowfawG[mvnf;
]][def;a0,Hu[dkrSmawGUvm;? pdkif;pdkif;u[dkbufcef;u xGufvmrSm}}eJY ajymqdkaeMuoHawGudkvnf; Mum;cJh&yg
w,f/ a&TbdkNrdKUudk vma&mufMuwJh{nfhonfawGrsm; vGef;wJhtwGuf a&TbdkNrdKUrSm&SdwJhwnf;cdkcef;awG?
bkef;BuD;ausmif;awGeJYwpfckwnf;aom[dkw,frSmvnf; {nfhonfawG jynfhusyfvdkYaewm[mvnf; a&TbdkNrdKU
Nrd K Ua'gif h a pwD & J U xl ; jcm;csuf w pf c k v d k j zpf a eygawmh w ,f / bmyJ a jymjyma&T b k d N rd K Ua'gif h b k & m;yG J B uD ; uawmh
ausmh&wemausmh
'DESpftwGufawmh atmifatmifjrifjrifeJYNyD;qHk;oGm;cJhNyDyJjzpfygw,f/

q&marmif0o
H jrefrmjynf jyefvnfa&muf&dS
pif u myl E k d i f i H w G i f aq;uk o aeonf h q &marmif 0 H o onf
atmufwkdbm2012(we*FaEG)aeYu jrefrmjynfokdY jyefvnfa&muf
&SdvmNyDjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ jrefrmjynfwGif uDAkd 2nd Cycle
oGif;zkdYapmifhqkdif;&rnfjzpfNyD; 2012 atmufwkdbm 25 ESifh Ekd0ifbm
1&ufaeYwGif 2nd Cycle uDAkdoGif;NyD;ygu pifumylokdYjyefvnfoGm;
a&muf&ef aq;ppfaq;rIcH,l&rnf[k od&Sd&onf/ tqkdyg aq;
ppfaq;rI\&v'ftay:wGif rlwnf cGJpdyfuko&efvkdtyfygu
cGJpdyfukorIcH,l&rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

wl n D a om tusKd ; pD ; yG m ;ES i f h p wif


aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom EkdifiHa&;ESifh
pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;wGif
a&SUqufumwk;d yGm;vmaom rdwzf uf
qufqHa&; tajctaersm;ukd aqG;
aEG;cJhMuygonf/
ukecf ahJ omvu a':atmifqef;
pk M unf E S i f h o r w OD ; od e f ; pd e f w k d Y \
tar&d u ef E k d i f i H c &D ; pOf N yD ; aemuf
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwkdYonf
ESpfEkdifiHqufqHa&;wGifta&;BuD;aomrSwfwkdif
opfukdjzwfoef;cJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ 'kwd,0efBuD;
\c&D;pOfonf orwOD;odef;pdef 2011ckESpfwGif
orwwm0efpwif,lNyD;aemuf jyKvkyfcJhaom
odomxif&Sm;onfh jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;ESifh
vGecf ahJ omwpfEpS u
f vma&mufcahJ om Ekid if jH cm;
a&;0efBuD;uvifwef\orkdif;0ifc&D;pOfwkdY\
xif[yfcsufyif jzpfygonf/vkyfaqmifcsufukd
vk y f a qmif c suf E S i f h w k H Y j yef a omrd r d w k d Y r l 0 g'\
wpfpdwfwpfa'ot& tar&duefjynfaxmifpk
onf orwOD;odef;pdefpwifwm0ef,luwnf;
u jyKvkyfvmcJhaomjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;ukd
tm;ay;axmufcHygonf/
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf jrefrmjynf
olwkdY\orkdif;0iftoGiful;ajymif;rI atmifjrif
a&;twG u f ul n D a y;oG m ;&ef p d w f y k d i f ; jzwf
xm;NyD;jzpfonf/ ,aeYxd jzpfay:cJhaomwkd;
wufrIrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkYtaejzifh rsm;pGmtm;
wufNyD;txifBuD;rdygonf/okdYaomfvnf; wkdif;jynftwGuf <u,f0csrf;omNyD; jynfh0aom'Drkdua&pD tem*wf
jzpfay:a&;twGuf qufvufvkyfaqmifp&mrsm;pGm usef&Sdaeao;aMumif; owdjyKrdygonf/w&m;Oya'
pkd;rkd;a&;?vlYtcGifhta&;?&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm; txl;ojzifh o,HZmwwl;azmfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yGifhvif;jrifomrI
&Sda&;ESifhppfrSefaomtrsKd;om;jyefvnf&ifMum;apha&;wkdYwGif wkd;wufrIrsm;jrifawGU&ef arQmfvifhygonf/
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; vTwfay;jcif;twGuf rdrdwkdYBudKqkdNyD; usef&Sdaeao;aomEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;ukd
vTwfay;&ef?usef&Sdaeao;aomroJuGJao;onfh trIwGJrsm;ukdvnf; yGifhvif;jrifomaomvkyfief;pOfusifhokH;um
jyefvnfokH;oyf&efESifhvGwfajrmufNyD;jzpfaomtusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;tay:xm;&Sdonfh>cif;csufrsm;ukdtqkH;
owf&efta&;BuD;onf[k rdrw
d t
Ydk av;teufxm;ygonf/ 'kw,
d 0efBuD;bef;pfonfatmufwb
dk m16-17&ufu
usif;ycJhaomyxrtBudrf ESpfEkdifiHvlYtcGifhta&;aqG;aEG;yGJ\ta&;ygrIukdvnf; awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;
tav;xm;ajymMum;cJhygonf/

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
uRefawmfhukd rdbozG,ft&mxm;NyD;
wav;wpm;&Sw
d wfwhJ armifwifarmifqef;
rif;0if;wpfa,muf rDeD&GufxnfkHwpfHk
jrefrmhZmwfobifavmuwGif wDxiG af ewJh
taMumif; pme,fZif;awGukd today;wJh
tcgusawmhonfuav;ukd tajymuawmh
a&Tref;?tuucsKdrkdifrkdifrjzpfapeJYvkdY rSmcJh
jzpfygw,f/
wu,fawmh ZmwfobifeJYywfouf
&if jrefrmEkdifiHrSmwpfacwfwpfcgu ,Of
aus;rIZmwfkHawG NrdKUawmfawmfrsm;rsm;&SdcJh
zl;ygw,f/ jrpfBuD;em;rSmausmif;wufae&
wJt
h csdeu
f tHawmf&iS b
f &k m;taemufbuf
rSm ,Ofaus;rIZmwfkHBuD;&SdcJhzl;wmawGU&
ovkd cgwpf&HZmwfyGJawGvnf; wifquf

emrnfBuD;tqkdawmfwpfOD;ESifhpum;pyfrd&mu owif;rD'D,morm;tcsKdUwGif
usifh0wfykdif;qkdif&m jyem&SdaeaMumif; w&m;emvkduf&onf/ tqkdyg emrnfBuD;
tqkdawmfrSowif;rD'D,mtcsKdUwGif i,f&G,foltcsKdUu olYxHvma&mufqufoG,f
ar;jref;twnfjyKcsufr&,lbJ pmrsufESmrsm;ay:wGifazmfjyaerIaMumifh rvkdvm;tyf
aomjyemrsm;ay:aygufaeaMumif;?
onftay:wGifrnfokdYjzpf oifhovJqkd
jcif;ukd ar;jref;vmonft
h wGuf 'g[m
usifh0wfykdif;qkdif&m jyem[k
okH;oyfajymqkdjzpfcJhonf/
tvm;wl E k d i f i H a &;
orm;?tEkynm&SifwpfOD;
ESihf ywfouf oltvGwf
oabmajymqkdrIrsm;ukd ckd;aMumifckd;
0SuftoHzrf;,lum tGefvkdif;ay:jzefYvkduf
onft
h wGuf rvkv
d m;tyfaomjyemrsm;
ay:aygufvsuf&Sd&m tqkdyg jyemESifhywfouf rdrd\oabmxm;tm; ar;jref;
vmMu&m 'guvnf; usif0h wfyidk ;f qkid &f m jyemyg/ vlwpfa,muf&UJ vGwv
f yfciG u
hf dk
ckd;aMumifckd;0SufavmfrmNyD; csKd;azmufapmfum;rIyJ[k okH;oyfajymqkdcJhjzpfonf/
tvm;wl *sme,ftcsKdUwGif qufoG,fa&;udpvufyHawmif;jrpfqkHudpwkdY
twGuf jyefvnfajz&Si;f awmif;yefaeMu&onfrmS vnf; usif0h wfyidk ;f qkid &f m jyem
[kqkd&rnf jzpfonf/
pifppf 'Drkdua&pDvrf;aMumif;ay:avQmufvSrf;MurnfqkdvQif rnfolrqkd rdrdwdkY
apmifhxdef;tyfaomvlYusifh0wf? owif;orm;usifh0wfrsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifapmifhxdef;
vkdufemMujcif;jzifh avQmufvSrf;oifhMuygaMumif; tBuHjyKwifjyvkduf&onf/

igwpYkd mayrSxw
k af 0onfU
0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\twKywd wmawpaeom;pmtkyf
aps;uGuftwGif; jywfvyfoGm;onftxd
a&mif;cscJh&rIaMumifh xyfrHyHkESdyf
wm rsKd;&SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ ZmwfkHtv,f
acgif r S m a&uef B uD ; wpf u ef x nf h
aqmufxm;wmawGUvkdYar;Munfhawmh
pdefatmifrif;vmuwkef;u vkyfoGm;cJh
wmvkdY rSwfom;zl;ygw,f/ jynfNrdKUrSm
pmaya[majymyGJzdwfvkdYoGm;a[mMu
wke;f uvnf; jynf,Ofaus;rIZmwfrHk mS
a[mcJhajymcJh&wmrsKd;yg/ ppfukdif;wkdif;
wpfcGifNyJNyJpifpifatmif pmaya&;&m
rsm; vk d u f v H a [majym&jyef a wmh
vnf; (----)rSm&SdwJh ,Ofaus;rIZmwf
kHrSma[mcJh& ajymcJh&wJh om"uawG&Sd
cJhzl;ygw,f/ okdYaomf tJonfhNrdKU&JU
,Of a us;rI Z mwf k H u awmh tawmf
tajctaeqkd;&Gm;,kd;,Gif;aewmawGU
&ygw,f/
[kdwkef;u ZmwfyGJwGif NcdrfhNcdrfh
oJtNydKiftqkdifusif;ywJh jynfaxmif
pk a eY usKd u p H u G i f ; BuD ; onf v nf ;
'@m&DjzpfoGm;ygNyD/ &efukefNrdKUay:u
a&Twd*kHbk&m;u OD;axmifAkdvfukef;
oHykHcsKdifhZmwfuyGJawGvnf; ed|dwH
oGm;MuygNyD/ uav;upm;uGif;awG?
yef ; NcH a wG r S m usif ; ycJ h w J h Z mwf k H a jr
ae&mawG[mvnf; b0ajymif;ukef
MuygNyD/
obiftpnf;tk;H twGuf ujy
cJhMuwJh pkaygif;yGJaygif;rsm;pGmu&cJh
wJh0ifaiGawG[mvnf; obifhAdrmef
jzpfrvmEkdif&Smawmhygbl;/ onftcsdef
rS m armif w if a rmif q ef ; rif ; 0if ; u
ol U &UJ E k d i f i H w umtawG U tBuH K awG
eJYaygif;pyfpdwful;NyD; rkdbkdif;&Gufxnf ZmwfkHwpfkHwDxGifzefwD;r,fqkdwm[m BuKdqkd&rSmygyJ/
olY&JUtzkd;a&Tref;wifarmifBuD;&JUnOfhZmwfobif&GufxnfkHrsKd; 0if;OD;&JUrIHa&T&nfZmwfckHrsKd;uawmh [kda0;a0;rSm usefcJhygNyD/
wu,fwrf;ajym&r,fqkd&if jrefrmhZmwfobifqkdwmav;wkdifpifeJYwufru&kHbJ usefygawmhw,f/ obifukdcspfvkdY obif
ukdjrwfEkd;vkdY obifukdtm;ay;csifvGef;vkdY ZmwfkHcaemfeDcaemfeJYawGay: tkdBuD;tkdreJYusm;ukefusm;cJtm;ay;cJhMu&wJhumvawG[m
tyef;wBuD;EkdifvSygw,f/ usKduqHacwf? oHvsifusKdufacgufyGJacwfawGrSm ZmwfyGJ[m kHuGJwJhtxd kHzGifh&wJhy&dowfBudwfBudwf
wkd;tm;ay;csD;jrifhcJhMuw,fqkdwmawG[mykHjyifjzpfoGm;ygNyD/
onfavmurSm ZmwfobifukdraysmufatmifvkdYarmifwifarmifqef;rif;0if;[m rDeD&GufxnfkHav;eJY&efukefjynfolY&ifjyifrSm
rjzpfjzpfatmif tokdif;eJYt0kdif;eJYwifquf ujyatmif yGJcHvkdufEkdifwmukd rsuf0g;xifxifMunfhcGifhBuHK&wJhtcg tajymua&Tref;
r[kwfawmhygvm;vkdY 0rf;omyDwdjzpfcJh&ygawmhw,f/
armifwifarmifqef;rif;0if;okdY

21-10-2012,Sunday

oH k ; vausmf M um pmtk y f w k d u f
tyd w f c H & NyD ; igwk d Y p mayrS x k w f a 0
cGijhf yef&onft
h csdew
f iG f 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek
\ wmawpaeom;
wmawpaeom;pmtkyu
f kd yxr
qH;k tBudrt
f jzpf (25?10?2012)&ufwiG f
xkwaf 0cJ&h m pmtkyaf ps;uGuw
f iG f 0,f
r&Ekid af vmufatmif pmtkyrf sm;jywfvyf
oGm;onftxda&mif;csc&hJ ojzifh pmzwf
y&dowf\ awmif;qdkcsuft& if;
wmawpaeom;pmtkyfudk xyfrHyHkESdyf
vQuf&SdaMumif;Mum;od&onf/ ,if;
pmtkyfESifhywfouf igwd k Y p may\
wm0ef & S d o l ud k p ef ; rG e f r S armf e D w m
owif;*sme,fodkY &Sif;vif;ajymMum;
cJh&m . . .
]]'Dpmtkyaf v;u uRefawmf
wdYk pmtkyw
f u
kd t
f ydwcf &H NyD; jyefziG w
hf hJ
tcgusrS yxrOD;qH;k xkwjf zpfwhJ pmtkyf
av;yg/ ajrrIev
f iG af &;wJh ausmufpmudk
cJzsufeJYzsufvkdYr&qdkwJhpmtkyfxGufNyD;
awmh pmtkyw
f u
kd o
f ;kH vavmuf tydwf
cH&wmNyD;jyefxkwfvkdY&wJhtcgusawmh
'Dwmawpaeom;pmtkyfukd xkwfjzpf
wmyg/ 'Dpmtkyu
f u
dk Refawmfu rdwL

ul;xm;wJhpmtkyfav;ukd uRefawmf
zwfzl;w,f/ zwfNyD;awmhuRefawmf
t&rf; oabmusw,fav/ Ekid if aH wmf
0efBuD;csKyfjrefrmjynf&UJ wpfO;D wnf;aom
w&m;0if0efBuD;csKyfav/ olU&JUtwKywd
ukw
d u,fu
h ykd iG yhf iG v
hf if;vif;eJY omref
pma&;q&mawG awmifra&;&Javmuf
atmifwu,fhudkolUi,fb0uqdk;cJh?
awcJhwmawGukdtukefvHk;yGifhyGifhvif;
vif ; a&;xm;w,f / tJ ' D t aMumif ;
awGukdzwfNyD; oabmuswJhtwGuf
xkwfcsifpdwfay:vmNyD;xkwfjzpfwmyg/
'DpmtkyfudkxkwfzdkYtwGuf uRefawmf
pmaypdppfa&;udk tBudrBf udrt
f cgcgwif
w,f / pepf w pf c k a jymif ; NyD q d k w meJ Y
uRefawmfajy;NyD;wifwmyJ/ pdppfa&;
usrvm;? usrvm;eJYwpfcgrSrusbl;/
vH k ; 0pd p pf a &;rwif & awmh b l ; qd k r S
uRefawmfxkwfjzpfoGm;wmyg/ tBudrf
Budrw
f ifcyhJ gw,f/ tck'pD mtkyx
f w
k jf zpf
oGm;awmhvnf; tcktcsdex
f d bmrSvm
ajymwmr&Sdao;ygbl;}}[kajymMum;cJh
onf/
YOH

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

Myanmar Noble College rSS HND

ausmufqnftoif;(10)ESpfjynfUtxdrf;trSwf
ausmufqnftoif;(&efukef)r*Zif;xkwfa0

(7?10?2012)&ufaeYu &efukefNrKdU?A[ef;NrKdUe,f?a&T*kHwdkif&Sd ausmufqnftoif;


(&ef u k e f ) "r m k H A d r mef a wmf B uD ; wG i f ausmuf q nf t oif ; (&ef u k e f ) \toif ; wnf
axmifjcif;(10)ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;tm; pmaytEkynm&Sifrsm;pHknDpGmjzifhusif;ycJhonf/
tcrf;tem;tm;aeUv,f(1)em&DwGifpwifcJhNyD; &JrSL;BuD;cifarmifxGef;ESifhpma&;q&m
v,fwGif;om;apmcspfwdkYrS rk'dwmpum;ajymMum;um tcrf;tem;tm;pwifcJhonf/
xdkaeYrSmyif ausmufqnfr*Zif;tm;pwifxkwfa0cJhNyD; xdkr*Zif;wGifemrnf
ausmfpma&;q&mrsm;?uAsmq&mrsm;rSyg0ifa&;om;xm;onf/ ausmufqnftoif;
r*Zif;wGif emrnfausmfpma&;q&mrsm;jzpfaom v,fwGif;om;apmcspf? cifaZmf
xGe;f (vrf;rawmf)? udak v;(tif;0*kP&f nf) armifprd ;f aemif(v,fa0;)? jrif;rlarmifEikd rf ;kd ?
armifpdef0if;(ykwD;ukef;)armifa[rm?rsdK;jrwfjrwfjrifharmif?udk(wuodkvf)?aumif;oefY?
rpEm?ykncif?cifjrZif?av;olpH?EkEk&nf-tif;0?"aomemrnfausmfpmaytEkynm&Sif
rsm;\ &o?okw pmayrsm;tm;wpfpw
k pnf;wnf;zwf&I rnfjzpfonf/ xdt
Yk wl a'gufwm
apm,kEG,f\aeYtvdkufuHMurmaA'ifu@udkvnf;pdwf0ifwpm;zwfI&rnfjzpfonf/
tcrf ; tem;wG i f ausmuf q nf r * Z if ; yg0if a &;om;ay;cJ h M uaom pmaytEk
ynm&S i f r sm;<ua&muf v maom pme,f Z if ; orm;wd k Y t m; trS w f w &vuf a qmif
rsm;ay;tyfum tcrf;tem;tm;kyo
f rd ;f cJo
h nf/ xdak usmufqnfr*Ziftm;0,f,v
l ykd gu
ausmufqnftoif;(&efuek )f ESiphf Ofu
h ikd ?f wHwm;OD;?jrpfom;? ausmufqnfjyefquf;Hk rsm;ESihf
pma&;q&mtoif;rsm;wGipf pkH rf;0,f,El ikd af Mumif; od&&dS onf/
MCT
orwBuD;ukd,fwkdif EkdifiHawmfa&SUqufoGm;
r,fhc&D;twGuf vrf;a[mif;awG y,fzsuf vrf;
opfay:wufvkdY jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;awGvkyfw,f/
vl x k a cgif ; aqmif t arpk u H M ur m xk q pf r I & J U
twdwfrSm pepfwpfck&JUjyKorQ 'Pf&if pnf;cH&if;
cg;oD;rIawGukd arwma&zsef;vkdYc0gcsvrf;jy
a&SUaqmifjynfolUtusKd;aqmifw,f/ w&m;
Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;eJYwkdif;jynfNidrf;
csrf;a&; pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrIwHcg;
awG t jref y G i f h a &;tawmif y H
cwfciG &hf iSuw
f pfaumiftm;ukef
ysHoef;xGuo
f vkd rem;wrf; c&D;
quf jynfoltwGuf toufSLw,f/
&Spfq,fh&SpfrsKd;qufeJYvlrItusKd;aqmif
tef * sD t k d a wG w k d i f ; &if ; om;awG qE e J Y
wpfxyfwnf;us tvkyo
f rm;b0 v,f
orm;b0zG H U Nzd K ;wk d ; wuf a &; jynf w G i f ;
ppf&yfpJa&;eJYqif;&JEGrf;yg;rI avsmhusa&;
raES;wrf;&Gufaqmif(tkwfwpfcsyfyJ jzpfjzpf
oJwpfyGifhyJjzpfjzpf) 'Dvkd 'Dvkd
acgif ; aqmif e J Y v l x k b 0wpf o m;wnf ;
usvkdYta&GUwpfckukdNydKifwlwGef;&if; jynfolwkdY
&JUBudKqkdrIvufckyfoHawGaomaomnHae vnf;
igwk d Y & G m uol B uD ; wpf a ,muf j ALk d u &uf
pmtkyfBuD;acgif;ckNyD; trl;vGeftdyfaysmftay:ukd
armhMunfhNyD; atmufrSm&SdwJht&mrSeforQeif; *vkd
b,fvkdufaZ;&Sif;vnf;rodtkdifwDvnf;rod rD'D
,mqkdwm bmaumifvJ{nfhpm&if;rwkdif&if'Pfkduf
rwJh vlxx
l x
l aJ &muf&if tvGw&f w
G zf Ydk usufxm;wJh
olYpum;vkH;awG ]'g'Drkd*a'pDbJ} wJhav/
ausmf a qG 0 if ; (a&T t if ; )

bmom&yfrsm;udk Ekid if w
H umwuov
kd w
f iG f qufvuf
avUvmEkid rf nfyU nma&;tpDtpOftwGuf tBuKd aqG;aEG;yGjJ yKvyk f
&efukef? atmufwkdbm(20)&uf
Ekid if w
H umtqifrh yD nma&;udk jynfwiG ;f wGif avhvmoif,v
l o
dk nfh
jrefrmausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twGuf Myanmar Noble College wGif
Edexcel todtrSwjf yK Higher National Diploma bmom&yfrsm;jzpfonfh
pD;yGm;a&;? uGefysLwm? tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfrsm;udk oifMum;ydkYcs
ay;vsuf&NdS yD; HND NyD;qk;H ygu Myanmar Noble Colege rS wpfqifh
UK, Malaysia , Singapore, Ausralia odYk qufvufwufa&mufEi
dk rf nfh
tpDtpOfrsm;udk atmufwb
dk m(28)&ufaeYwiG f Summit Parkview Hotel wGif EkdifiHwumynma&;ESifh vli,frsm;\tem*wfacgif;pOfjzifh
q&mOD;armfoef;tNidrf;pm;ygarmucsKyf(pD;yGm;a&;wuodkvf)rSa[majym
ydcYk srnfjzpfaMumif;ESiEhf idk if w
H umwGif oif,El idk rf nfyh nma&;tcGit
hf vrf;
rsm;udk Crown Education rS ynma&;twkdifyifcHq&mOD;atmifausmf
qef;rStBudK&Si;f vif;rdwq
f ufowif;ay;yGu
J kd (2012)ckEpS ?f atmufwb
dk m
(20)&uf?eHeuf(9)em&DwiG t
f rSw(f 108)?ESi;f qDvrf;(txuf)? tvkNH rdKUe,f
Myanmar Noble College usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
PMMK

tjrefvrf;ay:wiG f ,mOfarmif;t&ufaomufygu
,mOftm; zrf;rdae&mwGif &yfxm;&rnf

&ef u k e f - rE a v;-aejynf a wmf


tjrefum;vrf;ray:wGif oGm;vmaeMu
aom ,mOfarmif;rsm;taejzifh t&uf
aomufNyD; ,mOfarmif;ESio
f nfukd ppfaq;
awGU&Sdygu ,mOfrsm;udk qufarmif;cGifh
rjyKbJ zrf;rdaomae&mrSmyif &yfxm;&
rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmcsufxw
k jf yefxm;
onfukd awGU&S&d onf/ aMunmcsufwiG f
]]owd ,mOfarmif;t&ufaomufxm;yg
u if;,mOftm; qufarmif;cGifhrjyKyg/
,mOftm; zrf;rdae&mrSmyif &yfxm;&rnf}}
[kyg&Sdygonf/
&efuek rf S rEav;odYk oGm;vmcsdef (7)
em&De;D yg;Mumjrifah om tjrefvrf;rBuD;ay:
wGif ,mOfarmif;rsm;taejzifh ,mOfukd uD
vdrk w
D m(100)xufy
kd armif;ESijf cif;rjyK&ef
ESihf vrf;rBuD;ay:odYk pufb;D ? armfawmf
qdik u
f ,f? axmfvm*sD? ukew
f if,mOfBuD;
rsm;? puf,E&m;rsm; 0ifcGifhrjyKaMumif;
EdI;aqmfxm;NyD; awGU&Sdygu vrf;rBuD;
Oya't& w&m;pGJqdkrnfjzpfaMumif;udk
vnf; aMunmcsufxkwfjyefxm;onfudk
awGU&onf/ xkdYjyif tjrefvrf;rBuD;ay:
wGif ,mOfpufcsKdU,Gi;f rI? ,mOfwrd ;f arSmuf
rI? ,mOfwu
kd rf rI sm;aMumifh xdcu
kd 'f Pf&m
&&Srd EI iS hf tultnDrsm;vdt
k yfygu teD;qH;k
ae&m&Sd tjrefvrf;&Jpcef;rsm;odkY tjref
qufoG,ftaMumif;Mum;ay;yg&ef zkef;eH
ygwfrsm;udk teD;qHk;ae&m&Jpcef;rsm;t
vdu
k f tjrefvrf;&JwyfzUJG (aejynfawmf)u
vrf;wpfavQmufxw
k jf yefaMunmxm;onf
udv
k nf;awGU&S&d onf/
PK

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

ucsif j ynf e ,f ( 19)Bud r f a jrmuf


jrefrmwkdif;&if;om;wkdY\ kd;&m,Ofaus;rI
tqkd?tu?ta&;?twD;NydKifyGJ zGifhyGJtcrf;
tem;ukd atmufwb
dk m (1) &uf eHeuf
10 em&Dcu
JG jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU? NrdKUawmfcef;
rusif;y&m jynfe,ftpk;d &tzG0YJ efBuD;csKyf
OD;v*Refiefqkdif;ESifhZeD;a':uHqD;qkdif;vHk?
jynfe,fvTwfawmfOu| OD;&m;0rf*sHKESifh
ZeD;a':yDeif&iS ;f ? jynfe,fvw
T af wmfOu|
OD;pkid ;f jrifah usmf? jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyf OD;wl;*sm? jynfe,ftpk;d &
tzGJY0if0efBuD;rsm;? jynfe,fOya'csKyf?
jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf? jynfe,fckdifNrdKU
e,f t qif h X meqk d i f & mwm0ef & S d o l r sm;?
tuJjzwf'idk t
f zG0YJ ifrsm;? NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;rS

tkyfcsKyfolrsm;ESifhNydKifyGJ0ifrsm;? 0goem
&Sify&dowfrsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf
OD;v*Refiefqidk ;f ? jynfe,fvw
T af wmfOu|
OD;&m;0rf*sHKESifh jynfe,fvlrIa&;0efBuD;
a':abmuf*smwkdYu NydKifyGJukd zJBudK;jzwf
zGifhvSpfay;MuNyD; jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu
trSmpum;ajymMum;onf/ xkaYd emufNydKifyJG
usif;ya&;ESifhvla&G;cs,fa&;qyfaumfrwD
Ou | jynf e ,f , Of a us;rI j ywk d u f
vufaxmufeT Mf um;a&;rSL;a':auxGv
J u
k
(18)Budraf jrmuf NydKifyw
JG iG f ucsifjynfe,f
rS qk&&SdrIESifh (19) Budrfajrmuf NydKifyGJ
wGif yg0if,SOfNydKifrnfhtajctaersm;ukd
&Sif;vif;wifjyNyD; NydKifyGJ0if tEkynm&Sif

rsm;u tqkt
d ursm;jzifh azsmfajzwifquf
Muum zGiyhf t
JG crf;tem;ukd kyo
f rd ;f vku
d f
onf/
NydKifyGJukd atmufwkdbm (1) 7ufrS
(3) 7uftxd usif;y&m NydKify0JG ifppk ak ygif;
(126) OD;yg0if,OS Nf ydKifMuNyD; atmufwb
dk m
(4) &ufwiG f qk&&So
d rl sm;tm; *kPjf yKqk
csD;jriyhf EJG iS hf aejynfawmfoYdk ucsifjynfe,f
ukd,fpm;jyKoGm;a&muf,SOfNydKifrnfhtqkd?
tu? ta&;? twD;NydKifyGJ0if tzGJYtm;
atmifEdkifa&;tvHtyfESif;yGJ tcrf;tem;
usif;ycJhaMumif;od&onf/
xufolatmif

jrpfBu;D em;NrKd Y jynfe,fjynfoaYl q;HBk u;D aiGpak iGacs;or0g,rtoif;


vDrdwuft&yf&yfqkdif&mtpnf;ta0;usif;y

ucsifjynfe,f? jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU jynfe,fjynfolUaq;HkBuD;aiGpkaiG


acs;or0g,rtoif;vDrdwuf\ (2011-2012)b@ma&;ESpf t&yf
&yfqkdif&mtpnf;ta0;ukd (26?9?2012)&uf?rGef;vGJ(2)em&Du tqkdyg

aq;H k t pnf ; ta0;cef ; r usif ; y&m


obmywd ' gd k u f w mtzG J U Ou | oG m ;
ES i f h c H w G i f ; qk d i f & m a&m*gtxl ; uk o rm;
awmfBuD;a'gufwmaemf'if;?aq;HktkyfBuD;
a'gufwmpkpka'G;ESifhNrdKUe,for0g,rOD;pD;
XmeOD;pD;t&m&Sad ':qm&mwku
Yd trSmpum;
ajymMum;NyD; 'gdu
k w
f mtzGUJ \vkyif ef;tpD
&ifcpH mukd 'gdu
k w
f mtzGUJ 0ifoel mjyKq&mr
BuD; a':cifrlrlatmifu zwfMum;wif
oGi;f NyD; obmywd'gdu
k w
f mtzGUJ Ou|u
ed*Hk;csKyftrSmpum;ajymMum;onf/
jynf e ,f j ynf o l U aq;H k B uD ; aiG p k a iG
acs;or0g,rtoif;vDrdwuftaejzifh
(2011-2012)b@ma&;ESpfwGif toif;
om;(132)OD;wkt
Yd wGuf tpkay:tjrwfaiG
usyf(462000)usyf cGJa0xkwfay;EkdifcJh
aMumif;od&onf/
xufolatmif

jrpfBuD;em;NrdKY e,f
eef;auGYaus;&Gmtkyfpk
xGe;f awmufpmMunfw
U u
dk f zGiyUf t
JG crf;tem;usi;f y

jrefrmEkid if pH mMunfw
h u
dk af zmifa';&Si;f \ rwnfaiGEiS ahf pwem&Sirf sm;\ xnf0h ifvLS
'gef;aiGwjYdk zifh (2012)ckEpS t
f wGi;f ucsifjynfe,f? jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUe,f? eef;auGUaus;&Gm
tkyfpk aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;onfh xGef;awmufpmMunfhwkdufzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;ukd (17?9?
2012)&ufaeY eHeuf(10)em&Du tqkyd gpmMunfw
h u
dk af &SUusif;y&m NrdKUe,ftaxGaxG
tkycf sKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme acwNrdKUe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL; OD;0if;oef;? NrdKUe,fjyefMum;a&;ESijhf ynfoUl
qufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL; OD;jrwfukdukdOD;ESifh aus;&GmtkyfpktkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
OD;aZvGef;wkdYu pmMunfhwkdufukd zJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfay;Muonf/
xkaYd emuf acwNrdKUe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;u trSmpum;ajymMum;NyD; ckid jf yef^qufO;D pD;
Xme cdkifOD;pD;t&m&Sd OD;abmrf,drf;u pmayzwfIavhvmjcif;\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh
pmMunfhwdkufa&&Snf&Sifoefckdifrma&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/qufvuf
aus;&Gmtkypf t
k yk cf sKyfa&;rSL;u aus;Zl;wifpum;jyefvnfajymMum;NyD; jyef^qufO;D pD;
XmeESihf apwem&Sirf sm;u okw? &o pmtkyf pkpak ygif;(350)ausmfEiS hf aus;&Gmtkypf t
k yk f
csKyfa&;rSL; OD;aZvGe;f u pmMunhw
f u
dk af iGya'omyif usyfwpfoed ;f wku
Yd dk pmMunfw
h u
dk f
aumfrwD twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;wifaqGxaH y;tyfvLS 'gef;Muonf/xGe;f awmufpmMunfw
h u
dk f
taqmufttHkopfonf tvsm;(27)ay? tus,f(18)ay? tjrifh(13)ay&Sd oGyfrkd;?
tkwfum? t*Fawcif; wpfxyftaqmufttHkjzpfNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHpmMunfhwkdufazmif
a';&Si;f rS rwnfaiG usyf(10)ode;f ESihf aus;&Gmtkypf ak ejynforl sm; xnf0h ifvLS 'gef;aiGusyf
xufolatmif
(82)ode;f ? pkpak ygif;aiGusyf(92)ode;f ukeu
f scJah Mumif;od&onf/

MONITOR

Cartoon

ucsijf ynfe,f(19)Burd af jrmuf jrefrmwkid ;f &if;om;wk\


hd
k;d &m,Ofaus;rI tqk?d tu? ta&;? twD;NyKd iyf JG zGiyUf u
JG si;f y

0kdif;armfvlukeful;rIwkdufzsufa&;
todynmay;a[majym
ucsifjynfe,f 0kdif;armfNrdKUe,f &JwyfzGJUrSL;Hk;ESifhvlukeful;rIwm;qD;ESdrfESif;a&;txl;tzGJU(jrpfBuD;em;)wkdYyl;aygif;
vluek u
f ;l rIwu
kd zf sufa&;todynmay;a[majymyGu
J dk pufwifbm(25)&uf?nae(3)em&Du 0kid ;f armfNrdKU?trSw(f 4)&yfuu
G &f dS
vDql;ESpfjcif;c&pf,meftoif;awmfausmif;cef;rusif;y&m &yfuGuftajcjyKvlukeful;rI qkdif&mapmifhMunfha&;tzGJU0if
rsm;ESifh&yfuGufae jynfolrsm; pkpkaygif;tiftm;(300)ausmf wufa&muftm;ay;em;axmifMuonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif NrdKUe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;0if;aX;u trSmpum;ajymMum;NyD;
'kwd,NrdKUe,f&JwyfzGJUrSL;&JtkyfausmfxGef;OD;u vlukeful;rIwm;qD;umuG,fa&;Oya'taMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;?
vluek u
f ;l rIwm;qD;ESrd Ef iS ;f a&;txl;tzGUJ (jrpfBuD;em;)rS 'kw,
d &Jtyk v
f idI pf ;dk u vlarSmifcu
dk ek u
f ;l rIqidk &f m odaumif;p&mrsm;
ESifh jynfe,ftwGif;jzpfyGm;cJhaomvlukeful;rIjzpfpOfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; ydk*sufwmjzifh tus,fw0ifh&Sif;vif;
a[majymMuumwufa&mufvmMuolrsm;tm; ucsifbmomjzifhtodynmay;vufurf;pmapmifrsm; jzefYa0ay;tyfcJh
xufolatmif
aMumif; od&onf/

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

jrpfBu;D em;NrdKY okpd w m&mry&[dwausmif;


rdk;nif;NrdKYe,ftm;^umOu|zvm;
y"meem,uq&mawmfb'Eokpdw\oufawmf(24)?
abmvHk;AdkvfvkyGJusif;yNyD;pD;
0gawmf(22)0gjynfU?0dZmwarG;aehr*FvmylaZmfyGJusif;y
ESpfzufaomrdbrsm;tm;trSL;xm;
tvS L U'g,um OD ; a&T v if ; +tvS L U'g,d
umr a':cifa&T? orD;rtdeEm0if;? roif;
oif;cdik ?f rcdik &f wemvif;rdom;pkwrYkd S pDpOf
usif;yonfh ucsifjynfe,f? jrpfBuD;em;
NrdKU? {'if&yfuu
G &f dS okpw
d m&mr y&[dw
ausmif ; wd k u f y"meem,uq&mawmf
b'E okpw
d t&Sijf rwf\ oufawmf(42)
ESpf? 0gawmf(22)0gjynfh 0dZmw arG;aeY
r*Fvm ylaZmfyGJtcrf;ytem;udk (25?9?
2012)&uf eHeufyikd ;f u tqdyk g ausmif;
wdkufpnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm usif;ycJhMu
aMumif;od&onf/
xufolatmif

tpdk;&enf;ynmaumvdyf(rdk;nif;)wGif a'owGif;enf;ynm
zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufa&;tvkyfHk aqG;aEG;yGJusif;y
rdk;nif;? pufwifbm(26)
ucsifjynfe,f? rdk;nif;NrdKU? tpdk;&
enf;ynmaumvdy(f rd;k ni;f )wGif a'owGi;f
enf;ynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; tvkyfHkaqG;
aEG;yGt
J crf;tem;udk pufwifbm(22)&uf?
aeYv,f (1)em&Dct
JG csdew
f iG f usif;yjyKvkyf
onf/
tcrf;tem;odkY cdkiftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
OD;jrifv
h iId Ef iS t
hf zGUJ 0ifrsm;? tpd;k &enf;ynm
aumvdyf(rdk;nif;)ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;
a'gufwmNzdK;rif;olEiS hf q&m? q&mrrsm;?
Xmeqdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm; zdwfMum;xm;
aom {nfo
h nfawmfrsm; wufa&mufMu
onf/
tcrf;tem;wGif tpdk;&enf;ynm
aumvdyf(rkd;nif;) ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;
a'guf w mNzd K ;rif ; ol r S ausmif ; ord k i f ;
aMumif ; tusOf ; ES i f h &nf r S e f ; csuf r sm;?
oifMum;ydkYcsvQuf&Sdaom bmom&yf(5)
ck E S i f h ausmif ; om;?ausmif ; ol t&nf
twGufrsm;ESifh jyKjyifajymif;vJtaumif
txnfazmfrnfh tif*sifeD,mESifhpufrI

ucsifjynfe,f? rd;k ni;f NrdKUe,ftm;^um Ou|zvm;abmvH;k NydKifyAJG v


kd v
f yk EJG iS hf csD;jriyhf JG
tcrf;tem;udk pufwifbm(24)&uf nae(3) em&Dtcsdew
f iG f NrdKUe,fjynfoUl tm;upm;NydKif
uGif;wGif usif;yjyKvkyfonf/
tcrf;tem;odYk NrdKUe,ftm;^umOu| OD;pdik ;f pH0if;ESit
hf zGUJ 0ifrsm;? NrdKUe,f&w
J yfzUJG rSL;
b0if;ESiw
hf yfzUJG 0ifrsm;? NydKifyu
JG sif;ya&;aumfrwD0ifrsm;ESi'hf ikd t
f zGUJ rsm;? NydKify0JG if tm;upm;
orm;rsm;? abmvHk;0goem&Sifrsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
AdkvfvkyGJpOftjzpf uRef;yifomaus;&GmabmvHk;toif;ESifheefYykwfaus;&GmabmvHk;
toif;wdYk ,SONf ydKifupm;Mu&m rdepf(90)txd wpfzuf(2)*d;k pDoa&usaeojzifh NydKifyJG
usi;f ya&;aumfrwDEiS (hf 2)bufabmvH;k toif; wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;ndE iId ;f um yl;wGcJ seyf ,
D t
H jzpf
owfrSwfcJhMuonf/
if;aemufqkay;yGJ tcrf;tem;udkqufvufusif;y&m NrdKUe,ftm;^umaumfrwD
Ou|OD;pH0if;ESifhNrdKUe,f&JwyfzGJUrSL;'kwd,&JrSL;b0if;wdkYrSyGJpOfwpfavQmuf taumif;
qHk;upm;orm;qk? ae&mtvdkuftaumif;qHk;upm;orm;qk?yl;wGJcsdefyD,Hqk&eefYykwf
abmvHk;toif;ESifhuRef;yifomabmvHk;toif;wdkYtm; csefyD,Hqkzvm;rsm; csD;jrifhay;cJh
opm(rdk;nif;)
aMumif;od&&dS onf/

uomNrKd w
Y iG ,
f mOftE&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;
todynmay;vufurf;pmapmifrsm;
,mOfxdef;&Jwyfzu
GJY aqmif&Guf
ynm a&;pepfopftaMumif;t&m rsm;&Si;f
vif;aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
if;tcrf;tem;odYk wufa&mufcMhJ u
aom owif;pmq&mrsm;? a'ocHtif
*sifeD,mrsm;? Xmeqdkif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;?
pufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;rS a'owGif;enf;
ynmwd;k wufa&;twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;tBuHjyK

aqG;aEG;cJhMuygonf/
ausmif ; tk y f q &mBuD ; a'guf w mNzd K ;
rif;olrS tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;csufrsm;tay:
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; rSwfwrf;wifxm;
cJhaMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/
opm(rkd;nif;)

jrpfBuD;em;NrdKYtvu(6)wdkif;&if;aq;ynmjzifU
usef;rma&;ppfaq;uko?todynmay;a[majymyGJusif;y

jrpfBuD;em;ckdif wdkif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;XmerSL; OD;0if;jrifhxGef; OD;aqmifaom wdkif;&if;aq;q&mrsm;tzGJUonf (25?9?2012)


&uf rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f u jrpfBuD;em;NrdKU {&m&yfuu
G &f dS trSw(f 6)tajccHynmtv,fwef; ausmif;a&TaoG;cef;r tajccHynmrlvwef;ESihf
tv,fwef;tqifh ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;tm; usef;rma&;ppfaq;ay;jcif;? wdik ;f &if;aq;0g;rsm;jzifu
h v
k oay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&u
G f
Muonf/ xdaYk emufreG ;f vG(J 2)em&Dcw
JG iG t
f qdyk gcef;ryif wdik ;f &if;aq;ynm todynmay;a[majymyGu
J kd qufvufusif;y&mausmif;
tkyq
f &mrBuD; a':cifaX;jrifu
h trSmpum;ajymMum;NyD; ckid w
f ikd ;f &if;aq;ynmOD;pD;XmerSL; OD;0if;jrifx
h eG ;f u rd;k &moDwiG jf zpfymG ;wwf
aoma&m*grsm;? v&moDtvdu
k f pm;oH;k oifah omaq;zuf0ifo;D ESrH sm;? uav;oli,frsm;xdcu
kd &f eS m? ESmap;acgif;udu
k pf onfah &m*grsm;
jzpfvQif toH;k jyKEdik af omaq;Nrd;wdrk sm;taMumif;udv
k nf;aumif;? vufaxmufNrdKUe,fwikd ;f &if;aq;cef;rSL; a':,Of,Of0if;utrsdK;orD;
i,frsm;BuHKawGU&wwfonfah &m*gvuPmrsm;ESiv
hf ufvrS ;f rDaomwdik ;f &if;aq;NrD;wdrk sm;? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm; usef;rma&;ESin
hf D
Gwaf p&ef aqmifoifah &Smifoifo
h nfrsm;udv
k nf;aumif; pdw0f ifpm;zG,t
f us,fw0ifah [majymcJMh uaMumif;od&onf/ xufolatmi
tmif

uomNrdKUe,f NrdKUjypnfyifom,ma&;e,fedrdwfwGif ,mOfaMumydwfrI? ,mOf


tE&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; todynmay;vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk ,mOfxdef;&JwyfzGJUrsm;u
jzefYa0ay;tyfaeaMumif; od&onf/
,mOftpD;a&rsm;vmonfEiS t
hf rQ ,mOfpnf;urf;vrf;pnf;urf;csdK;azmufvmaom
,mOfrsm;vnf; rsm;vmtrItcif;MuefYMumrIray:ap&ef&nf&G,fNyD; ,mOfBuD;toif;?
,mOfi,ftoif; ,mOfarmif;rsm;? pmoifausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;xHoYkd oGm;a&muf
a[majymvsuf&adS Mumif;? tcgtm;avsmfpmG todynmay;vufurf;pmapmifrsm; jzefaY 0
Muyfrwfay;vsuf&&dS m ,mOfrawmfwqjzpfymG ;rIavsmhenf;vmaMumif;? 'DEpS [
f m Edik if H
awmfopfBuD; csDwuf&mvrf;aMumif;rSm tawG;opf? tjrifopf? pdwfopfawGeJY'Dvdk
jyifqifraI wGrsm;rsm;jyKvkyaf y;cJjh cif;aMumifh ,mOfBuD;?,mOfi,f?qdik u
f ,fp;D olawG tod&dS
vmMuwJt
h wGuf tcuftcJr&St
d qifajyvmw,f[k ,mOfxed ;f wyfzUJG wpfO;D rS ajymjy
csrf;om(uom)
od&onf/

MONITOR
NEWS JOURNAL
Phone: 09 -73204192, 09-73203273, 09-5502618

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

jrefrmEkid if yH nma&; Edik if w


H umtqifrU aD &; trsm;Bu;D vkt
d yfaeaMumif;
a'guw
f mxGe;f cifrS ajymMum;
&efukef? atmufwkdbm(13)
qif;&JErG ;f yg;onfu
h av;i,frsm;
ausmif;ynmNyD;qHk;onfhwdkifatmif
oifMum;ay;Edkif&efzGJUpnf;xm;onfh
]]tpkd;&taeeJYjrefrmEkdifiHynma&;
jrifhwifa&; Education for All vl
wkid ;f ynmwwfajrmufa&;qkNd yD;awmh
aqmif&Gufaewm&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh
wcsdKUae&mawGrSm ra&mufao;wJh? rEYSHao;wJhae&m
av;awG usefwmav;awG&Sdygw,f}}[k jrefrmEdkifiH
ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f obmywd a'gufwmOD;xGe;f wif
u ajymMum;cJhonf/
,if;tzGUJ tpnf;ESiyhf wfoufonfrsm;udk qufvuf
ar;jref;cJ&h m ]]tpdk;&uaqmif&Gufaomfvnf;yJ vkdtyf
aewJhae&mav;awG&Sdwmaygh/ tJ'gav;awG jznfhqnf;ay;EkdifzdkY 'DtzGJYtpnf;zGJYpnf;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ ynmxl;cRefwJhuav;awGukd ynmoifqk
Scholarshipay;w,f q k d w m&S d w ,f / aemuf y nm xl ; cRef N yD ; ausmif ; raeEk d i f v d k Y qif ; &J E G r f ; yg;aomuav;awG u k d ausmif ; quf w uf E d k i f a tmif
twef;ynmt&nftcsif;NyD;qHk;onfhwdkifatmif ynmroifMum;&jcif; tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK;aMumifh ausmif;xGufvdkuf&onfhausmif;olausmif;om;
uav;rsm;r&Sdap&ef t"duxm;NyD;zGJUpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ynmoifp&dwfukd avmavmq,fawmh owfrSwfxm;wmr&Sdao;ygbl;/ tckrSazmifa';&Sif;
tzGJUtpnf;u tpqkdawmh'DrSmqif;&JEGrf;yg;wJh uav;awGynm&zkdYqkdwJh pdwfwlukd,fwl&SdwJholawGeJYyJ pkaygif;NyD;zGJYxm;wJhtpDtpOfawGyJ &Sdygao;w,f?
wu,fwrf; Workplan vkyfief;tpDtpOftwdtusr&Sdao;bl;/ vuf&Sdynma&;tajctaeuawmh EdkifiHwumtqifhrrDbl;/ tqifhjrifhynma&;wuokdvf
tajccHuvnf;yJ jyKjyifzdkYtrsm;BuD;vkdtyfygw,f? aemuftajccHtkwfjrpfaumif;rStaqmuftOD;wpfck[m ckdifckdifceffYcefYeJYom;om;em;em;jzpfrSmyg/
tajccHynma&;rSm nHhzsif;vmcJh&if wuokdvfrSmvnf; nHhzsif;zkdY tvm;tvmtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,fvdkYajymonf/ tckawmhtajccHynma&;a&m wuokdvfynm
a&;? txufwef;ynmtqifhjrihfynmtm;vHk;oifkd;nTef;wrf;awG qGJNyD;awmh jyKjyifaeygw,f/ aemufq&m?q&mrawGt&nftaoG;jrifhwifwJhoifwef;awG
vnf; vkyfaeygw,f? aemufausmif;om;rsm; rlvwef;ynma&;qkd&if tcrJhoifMum;zkdYtwGuf uav;awG[m rlvwef;ynma&;oifEdkifzkdYaqmif&GufrSmyg/
odkYaomfjrefrmEdkifiHynma&;u EdkifiHwumtqifhrDatmif trsm;BuD;BudK;pm;zkdYvkdygao;w,f/ wpfck&Sdwmuawmh uRefawmf&efukefwuodkvfrSmvkyfwkef;uawmh
&efukefwuokdvfBuD; EdkifiHwumtqifhrDvm;vkdYar;&if tqifhrrDbl;vkdYyJ uRefawmfajzrSmayghaemf/ okdYaomf &efukefwuodkvfatmufrSm&SdwJhXmewpfckcsif;?
XmewpfckpDrSmvkyfaewJhokaoweawG &Sdygw,f? tJ'DxJuokawoewcsdKU[mqkdvkd&Sd&ifEkdifiHwumtqifh&Sdygw,f}} [k obmywd a'gufwmOD;xGe;f cif
aZmfrif;Edkif(Photo))
(ygarmucsKyfa[mif;)u ajymMum;cJo
h nf/

ppfuikd ;f 0if;a&T
(jrefrmpm)

pHjyaus;&Gmwpf&Gm/
ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f a'oBuD;? tif;awmfNrdKU
e,f&JUaus;&Gmtkyfpkwpfck/
pHjyaus;&GmwGif wdu
k ef ,f aq;k&H \
dS /
wd k u f e ,f a q;k H t qif h j zpf a omf v nf ;
a'ocH w k d Y u usef ; rma&;apmif h a &S m uf r I
twG u f ud k , f h t m;uk d , f u d k ; "mwf r S e f
aqmifwnfaqmufxm;NyD; "mwfreS yf pn;f
ud&,
d mtpkH wnfaxmifxm;\/ xd"k mwf
rSefaqmiftwGuf "mwfrSefuRrf;usif0ef
xrf;ukd a'ocHwdkYu udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;
iSm;&rf;aqmif&Gufap\/ wdkufe,faq;kH

21-10-2012,Sunday

Bu;D Muyfa&;aumf
rwDu pDrHceYfcGJay;\/ aq;kH
BuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwDqdkonfu
a'ocHww
Ykd ifajrmufxm;aom &yfrd
&yfzwdkYjzpf\/
"mwf r S e f u Rrf ; usif 0ef x rf ; onf
tpk d ; &ceY f 0 ef x rf ; r[k w f a omf v nf ;
tpkd;&0efxrf;uJhodkY enf;ynmuRrf;usif
rIuakd 'ocHw\
Ykd yHyh ;kd rIjzifh oifwef;wufNyD;
om;jzpf\/ a&S;,cifu ta&;ay:vlem
rsm;"mwfreS f u
kd &f efvt
kd yfygu ud,
k ahf 'o
wGif r&So
d jzifh tif;awmf? uom? rd;k ni;f
paomNrdKUBuD;rsm;udk aiGuek af Mu;uscHum
oGm;Mu&\/ ,ckudk,fha'o\"mwfrSef
ESiu
hf Rrf;usif0efxrf;wdu
Yk kd ud,
k t
hf m;ud,
k f
ud;k wnfaxmifziG v
hf pS af y;rIaMumifh aiG
ukefaMu;ustrsm;BuD;oufom\/ta[m
okcH-aumif;avpG[k rk'dwmyGm;&yg\/
a'ocHjynfow
l Ykd tMum; aMu;rkH
&d y f t oG i f xif [ yf a eaom qk d p rS w f
uav;awG & S d a e\/ ,if ; qk d p rS w f j yK
aeMuonhf aMu;rkHykH&dyfuav;uonf
vdkyg/
wkdufe,faq;kH zGifhvSpfNyD;pu p
,aeYwidk f xdq
k pkd rSwjf yKaeMuaom yk&H yd f
uav;u jynf o l w d k Y t Mum;wG i f
&SifoefaeqJjzpfonf/
wd k u f e ,f a q;k H o d k Y O D ; pG m a&muf & S d
vmaomq&m0efrSm trsKd;orD;q&m0ef

rwpf O D ; jzpf \ / xd k p Of u a'ocH w k d Y \


todtjrifwo
Ykd nf rzGUH NzdK;rwd;k wufao;/
awmolawmifom;tdk;cHawGjzpf\/ xdk
q&m0ef ra&muf&v
dS maomtcg olrwGif
udk,fydkifum; wpfpD;yg&Sd\/ ta&;ay:
vl e ma&muf & S d v mygu wwf p G r f ; orQ
uko\/ rEkdifeif;[k ,lq&aomta&;
ay:vl e mrsm;ud k Nrd K Ue,f a q;k H r sm;od k Y
vTJay;&\/ xdkokdYNrdKUe,faq;kHoGm;&efu
o,f,l ydkYaqmifa&;u ta&;ygvS\/
xdq
k &m0efr\um;av;onf xdw
k m0efukd
aqmif&Guf&\/ NrdKUe,faq;kHodkY vlem
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ukd vTpJ mjzifv
h aJT y;&vQif
]]tdrfuum;ukd iSm;oGm;}}[kqdkavh&Sd\/
]]b,favmufawmhay;cJhyg}}[lum;cudk
,l\/ a'ocHwt
Ydk Mum; xdq
k &m0efrtm;
um;q&m0ef[k pum;ysHUESHUae\/
&Sdygao;onf/ xdkq&m0efrajymif;
a&TUoGm;NyD;aemuf trsKd;om;q&m0efwpfO;D
a&muf&v
dS m\/ xdq
k &m0efonf qufqH
a&;jynfh0\/ vlemrsm;tay:aEG;axG;\/
xdq
k &m0efwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a'o
cHw\
Ykd usef;rma&;apmifah &Smufru
I kd tm;
wufoa&maqmif&u
G \
f / wdu
k ef ,faq;kH
tqifjh zpfaomfvnf; cGpJ w
d cf ef;udk NrdKUe,f
aq;keH ;D yg;pDrx
H m;jcif;jzpfonf/ cGpJ w
d cf ef;
udk tqifajyajy cGpJ w
d Ef idk af tmif pDrx
H m;
jcif;jzpfonf/xdkq&m0efvufxufa'ocH
ta&;ay:vlem[l NrdKUe,faq;ko
H Ykd rvTJ
ay;awmh? aq;H0k efxrf;rsm;udk xdq
k &m0ef
uOD;aqmif arG;vlemudk cGw
J efcaJG rG;\/
rcGJwefvQif rcGJbJarG;ap\/
tjcm;tjcm;aomcGpJ w
d af 0'em&Sirf sm;
udkvnf; a'owGif;yif cGJpdwfuko\/
a0'emtm; "m;xrf;apmihaf eaomq&m
0ef [ k trnf y nwf M u\/ vl e mrsm;
usef;rm aq;Hu
k qif;&awmhrnfqv
kd Qif
aq;awGykHatm0,f&\/ aq;aps;uwef
ygbd/ odkYayrJh a0'emoufomaysmuf
uif;rIaMumifh uefawmhyal Zmf&aomfvnf;
a'ocH w d k Y aiG u k e f a Mu;usrsm;onf [ k

rsKd;cspfpdwf

yifpnftjrpf
okwfoifjypfvnf;
tESpfrsKd;aph usefao;onf.../
jzLESif;EG,f (ref;wuodkvf)

rjrifMu/ a&m*ga0'em aysmufuif;


toufcsrf;omrIu t"dur[kwyf gvm;/
xdq
k &m0eftm; "m;q&m0ef[k a'ocHwYkd
utrnfynwfuifyGef;wyfMuaomfvnf;
cspfpEkd;ac:Mujcif;[kod&onf/
,ck ykn*g&0[l aom vlru
I n
l aD &;
toif ; &S d \ / 0goemwl & mvl i ,f w k d Y
pk a ygif ; um ema&;ul n D r I t oif ; uk d
wnfaxmifxm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ wkduf
e,faq;ESifhrvkHavmufaom rEkdifeif;
aomta&;ay:vl e mrsm;ud k yk n *g&0
vlrIulnDa&;toif;rS vlemwif,mOfjzifh
tif;awmf? uom? rd;k ni;f paom NrdKUe,f
aq;kHBuD;rsm;odkY ykdYaqmifay;\/ odkY
yd k Y a qmif a y;&wG i f tcrJ h u l n D j cif ; om
jzpf\/
ta&;ay:vl e mqd k o nf u wpf c g
wpf&w
H iG ef nf;yg;\/ wpfcgwpf&w
H iG f pkNyHK
a&mufvmwwf\/ ykn*g&0vlru
I n
l aD &;
toif;um;ukd armif;ESifMuolrsm;onf
ukd,fhxrif;udk,fpm; bBuD;EGm;tvum;
ausmif;vkyfae&\/ vpmrnfolrQryhHydk;/
apwemh0efxrf;aeolrsm;jzpf\/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif ta&;ay:vlema&mufvmcdkuf
NrdKUe,faq;ko
H ykYd &Ykd ef ta&;BuD;aomfvnf;
um;armif;rnfhol tqifoifhr&Sdwwf/
vcpm;0efxrf;qkdvQifawmh tcsdefjynfh&Sd
aernf/ odkYaywnfh um;armif;ykdYol
wdrYk mS ud,
k phf ;D yGm;uk,
d t
f vkyv
f yk af eonfh
Mum;u tm;vyfonft
h csdef ulnaD rmif;
ydaYk y;jcif;omjzpf olwu
Ykd kd tjypfrqdo
k m
yg/ apwemh 0 ef x rf ; wd k Y \ apwemud k
av;pm;p&myg/
txufu "m;q&m0ef[k trnf&
aom q&m0efajymif;a&TUoGm;NyD;aemuf
trsKd;om;q&m0efwpfO;D a&mufvm\/ xdk
q&m0efonf ,cifq&m0efrsm;ESifhrwl
wpfrlxl;jcm;\/ wkdufe,faq;kHtqifh
omjzpf wk d u f e ,f q;H k t qif h o m
ukoay;Ekdifrnf[kqdk\/ cGJpdwfarG;zGm;
&rnfhvlemrsm;udkNrdKUe,f aq;kHBuD;rsm;

omcGJpdwfarG;zGm;&efapvTwf\/ ypnf;
ud&d,mrpkHvif ypnf;ud&d,mpkHaom
tif;awmf?uom? rd;k ni;f aq;krH sm;odo
Yk mG ;
yg[kvTJay;\/
trsKd;orD;rsm;rD;zGm;a&;onf tvGef
ta&;BuD;\/ xdkq&m0ef\ vufxuf
ta&;ay:arG;vlema&mufvm\/ xdq
k &m
0efu tif;awmfNrdKUe,faq;ko
H Ykd oGm;cdik ;f
\/ xdt
k cgykn*g&0um;av;onf tqdyk g
arG;vlemudkwifaqmifum tif;awmfodkY
OD ; wnf a jy;\/ c&D ; twef a yguf a om
ae&mwGif tqdkygarG;vlemrSm ykn*g&0
um;ay:wGif arG;zGm;awmhonf/ ykn*g&0
vlrIulnDa&;um;rSmyif tdk*sDxm;&rvdk
jzpf\/
ykn*g&0um;udk armif;ESifay;olwdYk
rSm vcpm;r[kwf? 0goem? apwem?
tepfem[laom emok;H em&if0,fyu
kd o
f nfh
vlrI0efxrf;apwem&SifwdkY\ ulnDrIudk
av;pm;&yg\/
wpfcgu NrdKUe,faq;Ho
k Ykd ta&;ay:
vlemyd&Yk efjzpfaomfvnf; armif;ESio
f rl tm;
vyf? odkYr[kwf c&D;vGef? odkYr[kwf
rawGUaomtcg tcuftcJawGBuHK&\/
xdktcgrsKd;wGifvnf; NrdKUe,faq;kHodkYom
ta&;ay:vlemukd oGm;cdik ;f \/ onfawmh
ta&;ay:vlemrSm xyfqifh'kucHpm;&jyef
\/ 'gawmh ta[mokcH r[kwpf w
G um;/
arG;zGm;&rnfh ta&;ay:vlem? cGpJ w
d f
uko&rnfhta&;ay:vlemwdkY a&mufvm
avwkdif; tif;awmf? uom? rkd;nif;
paomNrdKUe,faq;kBH uD;rsm;odYk toGm;cdik ;f
aomaMumifh xdq
k &m0eftm; ]]oGm;q&m
0ef}}[l qdkMuygavownf;/
ppfudkif;0if;a&T(jrefrmpm)

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

yJcl;NrdKYvdyfjymuefwpfcGif
trIdufuif;apcsif

uHxaewkef;
t&ufrl;aeolwpfa,mufu tvkdtavsmufa&mif;pufa&SU
oGm;NyD (10)qifh xnfv
h u
kd w
f ,f/ cvkwEf ydS v
f u
kd af wmh tpmoGyrf ek Yf
wpfcx
k u
G v
f mw,f/ 'Dvedk YJ ol[m xyfcgxyfcg ta<uaphxnfw
h ,f/
olUa&SUrSm rkefYawGwpfyHkBuD;jzpfvmw,f/
ta&mif;pma&;ujrifawmh ]]rkefYawGtrsm;BuD;jzpfaeNyD? rawmf
ao;bl ; vm;}} vkdYar;w,f/
]]bm}}trl;orm;uatmfw,f/ ]]usKyfuHxaewkef; Ekdifcsnf;
aewm/ rif;u remvkdvkdYvm;}}

vlEkHtawG;
vlEw
kH pfa,muf&w
dS ,f/ olUtaztjyifxu
G rf mS rkYd olUukq
d idk af pmifh
cdkif;w,f/
aps;0,foal &mufvmNyD;ar;w,f/ ]]rif;zcif&Sdvm;}}? ]]r&Sb
d ;l }}?
]]rif;rdcif&Sdvm;}}? ]]r&Sdbl;}}
olUtazjyefvmvkYd 'DtaMumif;odawmh ]]zcifqkdwm igyJuG/
rdcifqkdwm rif;tar/ bmxifvkdY r&Sdbl;vkdY ajymwmvJ}}vkaYd r;w,f/
om;updwfqkd;pGmeJYajzw,f/ ]]tazwk d Y vif r ,m;uk d v nf ;
a&mif;w,fqkdwmrSrodwm}}

ukd,ftav;csdefavQmhNyD;aemuf
q&m0efu t0vGeaf &m*gonfuadk jymw,f/ ]]wpfaeYukd ig;rkdif
ajy;yg/ &uf(300)qufwkdufajy;&if ukd,ftav;csdef(75)aygifavsmhvdrfh
r,f}}
&uf(300)MumNyD;aemuf vlemu q&m0efqDzkef;qufw,f/ rdrd
uk,
d t
f av;csdet
f rsm;BuD;avsmhomG ;wJt
h aMumif; tpD&ifcw
H ,f/ ]]'gay
rJh uRefawmfhrSm jyemwpfckeJYBuHKawGUae&w,f}}oluajymw,f/
]]bmjyemvJ}}q&m0efuar;w,f/
]]tckqkd&ifuRefawmfhtdrfeJYrkdif(1500)a0;wJhae&ma&mufaeNyDq&m}}

upm;r,f
]]wkdY tjyifrxGufeJY/ rif;tdfrfrSmyJ upm;Mur,f}}
]]wkdY bmvkyfwrf;upm;rvJ}}
]]igu wd&pmefx
kH u
J arsmuf avSmiftrd x
f t
J ydwcf x
H m;&w,f/
tck rif;uarsmufudk vmpav? arsmufudk iSuaf ysmoD;wk?dY oMum;
vHk;wkdY? a&cJrkefYwkdYauR;av}}

jr0wD? atmufwdkbm(15)
jr0wDNrdKU cspfMunfa&;wHwm;
BuD;teD;ESihf BuHcif;bke;f BuD;ausmif;a&SU
bk&ifah emif vrf;rBuD;wpfavQmufwiG f
pnf;urf;rJah rmfawmf,mOfrsm;rSm ,mOf
pnf;urf;? vrf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk rvdu
k f
embJ &yf c sif o vd k & yf a eMuaom
aMumifh ,mOfwdkufrItE&m,frsm;rSm
pd k ; &d r f a &trS w f a &muf & S d v suf &S d a e
onf/
odyYk g ,mOfwu
kd rf I tE&m,frsm;
rS uif;a0;ap&ef tqdyk g pnf;urf;rJh
armfawmf,mOfrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mrS
vdktyfovdk Muyfrwfaqmif&Gufay;
oifhaMumif; a'ocHrsm;uvdkvm;ae
onf[kod&onf/
oufOD;Edkif(jr0wD)

10

yHkukdMunfhyg ta0;ujrifEkdifygonf/ ae&mrSmyJcl;NrdKU\ tonf;


ESvHk;jzpfaomvdyfjymuef\ta&SUbufuefabmifjzpfygonf/ vdyfjym
uefukd rsufESmpmjzpfaomajrmufbufuefabmif(oeyfyifvrf;)buf
wGif aiGusyfodef;aygif;rsm;pGmtukefcH wifhw,fom,mIarmzG,fjzpf
atmifwnfaqmufxm;onfukd NrdKUvlu txl;yifaus;Zl;wifvsuf&Sd
aeygonf/ &efyHkaiGtajctaet& ta&SUbuf? taemufbufESifh
awmifbuf uefabmifrsm;rSmom,mwifharmzG,fjzpfatmif raqmif
&GufEkdifao;onfukd em;vnfoabmaygufMuygonf/
vdyfjymuefBuD;ukd vSoxufvSatmif? om,moxufom,m
atmif BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufaeonfhtcsdefwGif awGUjrif&aomjrifuGif;u
tjrifrawmf? pifawmfucavmufqkdouJhokdYjzpfae&m vdyfjymuefab;
bufuefabmiftm;vHk;wGif trIdufuif;pifa&;ukd rdbjynfolrsm;u
pdefvIdifAkdvf
vkdvm;awmifhwvsuf&SdMuonf/

armfawmfqidk u
f ,frsm;ESihf
xde;f odr;f Muyfrwfoifah om,mOfpnf;urf;taMumif;
a&;&ajym&zefrsm;awmhvnf; xHkoGm;? [kefoGm;rSmvnf;pkd;ygonf/
aeYpOfxkwfowif;pmrsm;wGif jrefrmjynfweHwpfvsm; NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;wkdif;
wGif ,mOfpnf;urf;?vrf;pnf;urf;avsmhenf;aerIrsm;ukd tav;*kjyK
&eftm;enf;onfhoabmvuPm&Sdygonf/ pma&;olonfvnf; rdrd
aexkdif&mNrdKU\,mOfpnf;urf;? vrf;pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufaqmif&ef?
a&Smif&efrsm;ukd a&;cJhzl;ygonf/ tusKd;oufa&mufrI&mckdifEIef;rSm (50)
&mckdifEIef;cefYomjzpfxGef;ay:aygufaMumif; awGUjrifcHpm;&ygonf/ rD'D,m
orm;utjyKoabmaqmifum&nf&,
G cf sufjzifh a&;om;wifjyvmygvQif
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u oabmwlMunfjzLyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvdkufygu vl
om"k?ewfom"kac:Murnfjzpfygonf/
rdk;EkdifaomZmwfvdkufausmf armfawmfqkdifu,frsm;taMumif;uyif
pwifvkdygonf/ pma&;olu ]]vlom;pm;aeaomqkdifu,frsm;}}[k
wifpm;oH;k EIe;f cJzh ;l ygonf/ taMumif;rSmyJc;l NrdKUay: &Jpcef;(3)ckEiS hf &efuek -f
yJcl;?yJcl;-rEav;&Jpcef;ESpfckaygif;&Jpcef;(5)ckwGif qkdifu,fESifhywfouf
onfhrawmfwqjzpfrI?xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rI?vlUtoufaoqHk;&onfxd
rjzpfoifhaom xdcdkufrIrsm;wpfae&mr[kwfwpfae&m aeYpOfjzpfyGm;vsuf
&Sdygonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukd rD'D,morm;u a&;om;&m oufqkdif&mwkdYu
bmvkyfonfxifygoenf;/ NrdKUay:wGif aeYaeYnn qkdifu,fpD;OD;xkyf
raqmif;olrsm;?pD;eif;vmaomqkdifu,fwGif eHygwfjym;? aemufMunfhrSef
rygonfrsm;ukdom zrf;qD;ygonf/ Hk;wGif w&m;pGJygonf/ 'PfaiGwyf
dkufygonf/ wyfdkufonfh'PfaiGonf zrf;qD;olrsm;twGufvnf;
cHpm;cGihf&Sdonf[kod&ygonf/
qkdifu,farmif;ESifolonf (13)ESpf? (14)ESpft&G,ftouft&G,f
tm;jzifh armif;ESifcGifhr&Sdolukdvnf; rzrf;yg/ armif;ESifcGifh vkdifpif&Sd^r&Sd
ukdvnf;rppfaq;yg/ ncif; a&Tarmfa"mbk&m;vrf;ay:ESifhvrf;oG,f
toD;oD;wGif qkdifu,frD;rzGifhbJ t&Sdefjyif;pGm pnf;rJhurf;rJharmif;ESifae
aom qkdifu,frsm;ukdvnf; tonf;w,m;,m; &ifwzkdzkdawGUjrifae
&ygonf/ qkdifu,fvkdifpifrsm;vufcHaqmif&Gufay;aeaom u .n
.e taejzifh atmufwkdbmv(4)&ufaeYwGifrS aemufqHk;&ufa&muf
rnfjzpf ppfaq;&ef qkdif;iHhxm;rnfqkdvQif qkdif;iHhxm;NyD; pnf;urf;
xdef;odrf;a&;twGufrl wdwdususaqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ tvG,fulqHk;
aqmif&GufEkdifaomudpwpf&yfjzpfonfh t0ifvrf;?txGufvrf;rsm;
udp&yfukdwifjyvkdygonf/ yJcl;NrdKU\tcsuftcsmjzpfaomaps;BuD;wnf&Sd
onfh aps;ykdif;&yfuGuf rD;owfvrf;onft0iftwGuf owfrSwfxm;
aomvrf;jzpfygonf/ ESpfvrf;pvHk;onf ,mOfoGm;,mOfvm tIyfaxG;
qHk;vrf;rsm;jzpfygonf/ vkdtyfcsuft& ,ciftpOftquf,mOfaMum
ydwfqkdYrIrjzpfyGm;ap&ef t0ifvrf;?txGufvrf; oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;
cJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg ESpfvrf;pvHk;t0ifa&m? txGufyg toHk;jyK
aeojzifh ,mOfrawmfwqrIrsm; rMumcPjzpfyGm;vsuf&Sdygonf/ xkdY
twl rsufESmcsif;qkdif&yfuGufjzpfaom yef;vIdif&yfuGufwGif yef;vIdif
vrf;ronf t0ifvrf;jzpfygonf/ ukef;ay:wef;vrf;onf txGuf
vrf;jzpfcJhygonf/ ,ckrl0ifcsifovkd0if xGufcsifovkd xGufaeMu&m
wm0ef&SdolwkdY\OayumjyKrItay: rdbjynfolrsm;u tm;rvkdtm;r&
pdefvIdifAkdvf
jzpfMuygonf/

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

udk,fvkyfwJU tvkyftay:rSm wu,fcspfNyD; opm&Sdzdkhvdkovdk taumif;qHk;tEkynmawGehJ y&dowfudk jyefay;qyfcsifwUJ pdwfrsdK;&SdrSom


y&dowf&ifxJ xm0&&Sad eEdik yf gr,fvhkd qdv
k mwJU xyfqift
U u,f'rD a':0g0g0if;a&T
ppfrSefwJh tEkynmrsm;eJY y&dowf
&ifwGif;wpfae&mudk tcdkiftrm&,lEdkifcJh
aom tEkynmrtdo
k nfh tEkynm&Sirf sm;
pGm&SdwJhteuf (1965) ckESpfwGif cspf
orD;Zmwfum;? (1975)ckESpfwGif acsmif;
udyk pf jrpfu&kd mS Zmwfum;? (1979) ckEpS f
wGirf ed ;f uav;&Si&f UJ qEZmwfum;rsm;ESihf
tu,f'rDxl;csGefqkrsm;qGwfcl;cJhwJh xyf
qif h t u,f ' rD a ':0g0g0if ; a&T e J Y (10)
rdepfwmawGUqHck u
kd rf mS awmh vuf&adS 0zefrI
rsm;eJY kef;uefae&qJ tEkynmavmu
tay: olr\tjrifukd ar;jref;jzpfc&hJ mrSm
awmh ar; / / 'DaeYyaJG v; vmwuf&wJh
tay:rSm pDe,
D mwpfa,muftaeeJY tef
wD0gtaeeJY b,fvdkcHpm;&ygovJ/
ajz / / b,fvakd c:rvJ jrefrmh;kd &m
"avhav;wpfcak ygh/ *g&0w&m;a&SUxm;NyD;
awmh udk,fhxuf0gMuD;wJholawGudk av;
pm;orI e J Y uef a wmh w J h y G J a v;wpf c k v d k Y
jrifygw,f/
ar; / / tckvuf&SdtajctaerSm
k y f & S i f t pnf ; t&H k ; rS m tEk y nmt&nf
taoG;ydkif;wwfvmzdkYtwGuf vkyfaqmif
aewmawG&adS eayr,fh t&ifu tEkynm
&SifawG&JUajc&mudk reif;Edkifao;bl;vdkY
a0zef a ewmawG & S d y gw,f / 'D t ay:rS m
tefwD0gbmrsm; ajymcsifygovJ/
ajz / / 'guawmh ckvuf&rdS mS ajc
vSrf;opfeJY paewmqdkawmh csufcsif;
a&Munfawmh aomufvdkYr&awmhbl;aygh/
BudK;pm;&if;eJY wjznf;jznf; aumif;vmr,f
vdkYarQmfvifhygw,f/
ar; / / vuf & S d & k y f & S i f t pnf ;
t&H;k uae Zmwfum;wpfum;ud(k 10) &uf
d k u f z d k Y o wf r S w f x m;ayr,f h t&nf
tcsif;ydik ;f wd;k wufr[
I m tm;&p&m tajc
taewpfck jzpfrvmao;wm bmaMumifh
vdYk xifygovJ/
ajz / / 'guawmh tefw0D gwdaYk cwf

ueJYrwlbl;/ ,SOfvdkYr&bl;/ ckaemufydkif;


Mum;&wm awmfawmfav; ky&f iS t
f pnf;
tH;k uvnf;Muyfrwfvmygw,f/ tefw0D g
wdkYtaeeJY 'Dvdkae&m&zdkY? y&dowf&ifxJ
a&mufzu
Ykd kd awmfawmfav;'kuc NH yD; BudK;
pm;vm&wmyg/tefwD0gvnf; Zmwfum;
awG d k u f a wmh 'D r S m &uf a y;wmrS m (3)
&ufay;? (4) &ufay;wmawG BuHK&wmudk
pdwq
f if;&JpmG vufcv
H m&zl;ygw,f/ckawmh

ky&f iS t
f pnf;tH;k uvnf; 'Dtay: aocsm
Muyf r wf a eNyD q d k a wmh csrS w f w J h t ay:
vd k u f e mMur,f x if y gw,f / 'grS v nf ;
t&nf t csif ; awG j zpf v mr,f / ta&
twGux
f uf t&nftcsif;udk OD;pm;ay;zdYk
vdkygw,f/
ar; / / vuf&cdS sdex
f d t&nftcsif;
xuf ta&twGuyf rkd sm;aewmudk b,fvkd
oHk;oyfcsifygovJ/

ajz / / tJ'guawmh pD;yGm;a&;t&


jzpfomG ;wmayghaemf/ 'Dvakd Mumifh jzpfomG ;
wmvdkY oHk;oyfcsifygw,f/
ar; / / tefw0D gwdaYk cwfu tefwD
0gd k u f c J h w J h u m;awG Oyrm-bJ O rum;
(a'gifa'gifjrnfwJhtonf;) um;rSmqdk&if
wu,fhZmwfkyf taMumfonf Zmwfkyf
yDjyifatmifavhvmcJh&w,f/ tcsdefawG
ay;cJh&w,f/ ckcsdefrSm 'DvdkrsdK; Zmwfkyf
yDjyifatmif tcsdeaf y;wm enf;oGm;w,f/
'DZmwfum;rSm tefwD0g tu,f'rDr&cJh
ayr,fh y&dowf&ifxJ ckxdarhr&jzpfae
wke;f yJaemf/ ckacwfrmS ky&f iS w
f pfum;[m
MunfNh yD;arhomG ;wmrsm;w,f/ bmrSrusefchJ
awmhb;l vdYk y&dowfawGu ajymaew,f/
'Dtay:b,fvdktBuHmPfay;csifvJ/
ajz / / 'Dtay:wpfcw
k nf; tBuHay;
csifygw,f/ 'gu ud,
k v
f yk w
f t
hJ vkyt
f ay:
wu,fcspfNyD; opm&SdzdkYygyJ/ dk;om;pGm
MudK;pm;jcif;awG &Sad e&r,f/ pD;yGm;&SmwmrS
wpfurmvHk; enf;trsdK;rsdK;eJY pD;yGm;&Sm
aeMuwmygbJ/ tEkynmusawmh tEk
ynm&SifawG pD;yGm;&Sm&if ckepf&ufom;
orD;tukefodMuwmayghaemf/ tEkynm
&SifawGudkvnf;cspfMuw,f/ av;pm;Mu
w,f / y&d o wf t ay:rS m y&d o wf u d k
taumif ; qH k ; b,f v d k j yef a y;rvJ / t
aumif ; qH k ; tEk y nmeJ Y w H k Y j yef r ,f q d k w J h
pdwfrsdK;xm;vdkufr,fqdk&if ordkif;awG
rSwfwdkifawG aocsmpdkufxlvmEdkifrSmyg/
jyD;awmh y&dwo
f wf&ifxrJ mS vnf; ESp&f n
S f
vrsm; pGJusefaeEdkifrSmyg/
ar; / / [dw
k ek ;f uxuf 'Dbufacwf
enf;ynmydkif;wdk;wufvmayr,fh t&nf
tcsif;ydkif; rwdk;wufvmbl;vdkY ajymae
Muwm bmaMumifv
h Ukd xifygovJ/
ajz / / tefwD0gwdkYacwfwkef;u
ky&f iS w
f pfum;du
k zf Ykd &ufaygif; (30)uae
(50)txd&ufay;NyD;dkufMu&wm/ jrif;pD;
d k u f c ef ; twG u f Bud K avh u sif h & w,f /

taMumfonf Zmwfu
kd rf ,fq&kd if rke[
fY if;
cg;onfvkyfr,fqdk&ifjzpfjzpf 'Db0xJ0if
zdkYtwGuf BudKwifavhvm&w,f/rkefY[if;
cg;onfa&mif;wJt
h wdik ;f jzpfzYkd kyzf sufomG ;
pm;NyD; apmifhMunfY&w,f/ vIyf&Sm;rI[m
aeUpOf vk y f a eustwd k i f ; jzpf z d k Y v d k w ,f
av/ rkex
Yf nfah y;wm? pum;ajymwmrSm
av,lavodrf;b,fvdkajymvJ avhvm&
w,f/ a&mif;wJah e&mrSm cd;k aMumifc;kd 0Suf
oG m ;avh v m&w,f / ok y f a qmif w pf
a,mufxuf oP
mefvyk o
f kyw
f al tmif
vkyfjy&w,f/ 'Dvdkrvkyf&if b,fvdkrS
ZmwfkyfryDjyifEdkifbl;/
ar; / / ckvuf&rdS mS t&ifuvdk pwl
'D,akd wGxrJ mS jyefvnfu
kd u
f ;l Edik zf eYkd YJ acwf
rDpwl',
D akd wG ay:xGuzf Ykd yJc;l rSmajrae&m
awG pDpOfaew,fvYkd od&w,f/ 'Dtydik ;f rSm
xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;awGvkyfudkifaewJh
tefw0D gtaeeJaY um 'Dtay:rSm b,fvkd
pDpOfoGm;zdkY&SdygovJ/
ajz / / ckvuf&u
dS awmh ay;xm;
w,fvyYkd J Mum;ao;w,f/ tcGit
hf a&;&&if
vkycf sifygw,f/ tefw0D gwdaYk cwfu pwl'D
,dkxJrSmyJ&dkufMuwmav/ wpfoufvHk;
&dkufcJhMuwm/ tefwD0gpdkufwJh touf
(16?17) uaepjyD; ESpaf ygif; (40) ausmfxd
du
k cf MhJ uwm 'Dbuf ydik ;f rSmom pwl',
D kd
awG r&Sdawmhwmyg/
ar; / / tefwD0gtaeeJY 'Dvdkqdk
udk,fydkifpwl'D,dkaxmifzdkY &Sdwmayghaemf/
ajz / / 'guav wpfa,mufwnf;
&if;ESD;zdkYusawmh ajrae&mawGeJY ypnf;
awGtwGufusawmh wpfa,mufxJrjzpf
Edik b
f ;l / tm;vH;k pkaygif; vkyrf ,fq&kd ifawmh
tefwD0gtaeeJY yg0ifvkyfaqmifjzpfrSmyg/
&if;ES;D zdu
Yk tqifoifyh gyJ/ 'guvkyv
f nf;
vkyfoifhw,f/vkyfvnf;vkyfcsifygw,fvdkY
tcsde&f csdeaf v;rSm ajzMum;oGm;cJyh gw,f/
e'Dxdkuf

azmf j yyg bd k ; bG m ;(60)OD ; twG u f


vSL'gef;aiGpkpkaygif;usyf(6)odef;wGif jzL;
NrdKUe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;XmerSusyf
(3)ode;f yg0ifvLS 'gef; usefaiGusyf(3)ode;f
ud k j zL;Nrd K Ubk d ; bG m ;rsm;apmif h a &S m uf a &;
aumfrwDrSvSL'gef;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaemufwGif tcrf;tem;odkYwuf
a&mufvmMuawmh{nfhy&dowftm;vkH;ESifh
bdk;bGm;rsm;tm; aeYv,fpmjrefrmxrif;
[if;a&cJrkefYponfwdkYjzifh {nfhcHauR;arG;
cJhonf/

jzL;NrdKUbkd;bGm;&dyfomwGif uJhodkY
aom tjynfjynfqkdif&murmhoufBuD;
&G,ftdkrsm;aeYtcrf;tem;udk ESpfpOftpOf
tvmrysuf u sif ; ycJ h o nf r S m ,ck E S p f
tygt0if(13)Budrfajrmuf &SdcJhNyDjzpfNyD;
tcrf;tem;odNYk rdKUrdNrdKUzrsm; Xmeqkid &f m
tBuD ; tuJ r sm;ES i f h zd w f M um;xm;aom
{nfhonfrsm;tygt0ifpkpkaygif;vlOD;a&
(300)cefYwufa&mufcJhaMumif;od&onf/
ausmf a qG 0 if ; (a&T t if ; )

jzL;NrdKYbdk;bGm;&dyfomwGiftjynfjynfqkdif&m
urmo
h ufBu;D &G,t
f rkd sm;aehtcrf;tem;ESib
Uf ;kd bGm;rsm;tm;
vSL'gef;yGJusif;y
(1?10?2012)aeY eHeuf(8;00)em&Du
yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBuD; jzL;NrdKUe,f? jzL;NrdKUtkwf
jzwfvrf;ay:wGif&Sdaom bkd;bGm;&dyfom
tjynfjynfqdkif&m urmhoufBuD;&G,ftdk
rsm;aeY tcrf;tem;ESifhbkd;bGm;rsm;tm;
vSL'gef;ylaZmfyGJtcrf;tem;udk usif;ycJh
onf/ tcrf;tem;wGif tcrf;tem;rSL;
tjzpfjzL;NrdKUe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;kH;rS
'kO;D pD;t&m&Sd a':oDwm0if;u tcrf;tem;
rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD;tpDtpOft&
obmywd O D ; xG e f ; qd k i f ( bd k ; bG m ;&d y f o m
Ou|)rS tzGifhtrSmpum;ajymMum;jcif;?
jzL;NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ukd,fpm; ,m,D
Ou|rS oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;apmifha&Smuf
a&;twG u f trS m pum;ajymMum;jcif ;
jynfoUl vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,Of ;D nGev
Yf iId f
rS NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm; udk,fpm;tm;ay;pum;
ajymMum;jcif ; ? jzL;Nrd K Ubd k ; bG m ;&d y f o m
'kOu|OD;0if;EdkifrS jzL;bdk;bGm;&dyfom\
ordkif;tusOf;csKyfESifhjrefrmjynftESHUtjym;
te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS jzL;bd;k bGm;&dyo
f modYk
vSL'gef;aom vSL'gef;rIrsm;twGuf *kPf
jyKrSwfwrf;wifpum;ajymMum;ay;jcif;?

21-10-2012,Sunday

tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifajymMum;
jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfNyD; yxrtcrf;tem;udk
eHeuf(9;30)em&DwGif kwfodrf;cJhonf/
quf v uf 'k w d , tcrf ; tem;
tpDtpOft&bk;d bGm;rsm;tm; vSL'gef;ylaZmf
yGJudk usif;y&mjzL;NrdKUbkd;bGm;&dyfomwGif

&Sad om bd;k bGm;aygif;(60)OD;wdt


Yk m;bd;k bGm;
wpf O D ; vQif a iG u syf wpf a omif ; pD
EIef;pDvSL'gef;NyD; uefawmhMu&mbkd;bGm;
rsm;u vS L 'gef ; aiG r sm;ud k v uf c H
tuefawmhcHvsufarwmydkY qkay;cJhMu
onf/

11

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

&wemykHwuodkvfrS arwma&pifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;tzGJY\
0gqdkouFef;qyfuyfvSL'gef;yGJ
rEav;NrdKU csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,f?
atmifyifv,f? tpfrawmfapmrGev
f o
S pm
t"d|mefatmif qkawmif;jynfhjrwbuf
e*g;ud;k aumifb&k m;? apmrGev
f aS y:awmfrl
bkef;awmfBuD;oif ynma&;ausmif;wGif
ynmoifMum;vsuf&Sdaom &Srf;jynfe,f
awmifyikd ;f ESiahf jrmufyikd ;f rS &[ef;omraP
tyg;(70)ESihf oDv&Sit
f yg;(60)wdt
Yk wGuf
&dumaxmufyHhvSL'gef;yGJESifh 0gqdkouFef;
uyfvLS ylaZmfyu
JG kd atmufwb
kd mv (8)&uf
aeYvnfydkif;u tqdkygausmif;wGifjyKvkyf
cJhonf/
a&S;OD;pGm tqkyd g vSL'gef;yJu
G kd &wem
yHw
k uov
dk rf S ]]arwma&pif}}ausmif;om;
ausmif ; ol r sm;tzG J U 0if } } jzpf M uaom
vIid 0f if;xGe;f ? ausmfuu
kd ?kd &Jo&l ed ?f pd;k ydik ?f
&Jxufatmif? tdtdoef;? cspfcspfMunf?

wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (8)&ufaeY
onf]]ygawmfrlaeY}}jzpfav\/
wpfcsdew
f pfcgwke;f u . . j. refrmjynfrmS
]]ygawmfrlaeY}}udkusif;ycJh zl;onf[kod
&av\/
]]ygawmfrlaeY}} qdkwmbmvJ . . .
oDaygrif; qdw
k m uREyfk w
f \
Ykd jrefrm&Sif
bk&ifwpfyg;jzpf\/ ukef;abmifrif;quf
\aemufqHk;bk&if wpfyg;vnf; jzpfcJhzl;
av\/
uRef;opf? jrefrmhuRef;opfudprSt
aMumif ; jyKeef ; wG i f ; tI y f a wmf y H k r sm;
jzpfumjrefrmawGpnf;urf;azmufvdkYxD;
eef;aysmufumxdktcsdefwGife,fcsJUwdkYu
Muufuav; . . i. u
S u
f av;rsm;vdk tvG,f
wulzrf;qD;um . . j. refrm bk&ifoaD ygrif;
tm; tdE,
d jynf&wem*D&d odaYk c:aqmif
oGm;&mudk . . ]. ]ygawmfrl aeY}}[lowfrw
S f
Mu&av\/
oDaygrif;ESifh armfawmfum;
e,fcsJUwdu
Yk &wem*D&o
d Ykd ac:aqmif
oGm;cJah om jrefrm&Sib
f &k ifoaD ygrif; crsm

12

oJpak tmif? 0if;0if;at;? at;oEm? eef;


a|;vif;? auZifO;D ? at;pEm0if;ESihf a0OD;
cif w d k Y r S 0 gqd k o uF e f ; ES i f h w uG y&d u & m
pkv
H ifpmG jzihf tm;vl;? tom;wk? MuufoeG f
jzL?eD ? c&rf ; csOf o D ; ?iH j ym&nf t p&S d a om
vS L zG , f 0 w K tpk p k w d k Y u d k e *g;ud k ; aumif

eef;usbk&ifjzpfomG ;&aomfvnf; tmPm


ydkifNAdwdoQwdkYu oDaygrif;rdom;pktm;
vGefpGmrSaumif;rGefaom pHawmftdrfESifh
xm;av\/
tmPmyd k i f r sm;url e ef ; usbk & if
oDaygrif;tm; . . [
. [
kd o
kd nfonf oGm;Edik f
&eftwGuf . . .jrif;&xm;ESifharmfawmf
um;wdkYudk ay;xm;av\/
eef;usbk&ifoaD ygrif;onf . . j. refrm
bk & if j zpf o nf h t wG u f & wem*D & d u armf
awmfum;udk ESpo
f ufjrwfE;kd [ef rwlacs/
jrefrm&Sib
f &k ifwo
Ykd nf tjyifox
Ykd u
G f
awmf r l o nf t cg qif p D ; xG u f a wmf r l
avh&\
dS / xdaYk Mumifeh ef;usbk&if oDaygrif;
xGuo
f nft
h cg armfawmfum;udk pD;avhr&Sd
jrif;&xm;ompD;avh&Sd\/
orD;awmfrsm;ESifh armfawmfum;
oDaygrif;twGuaf y;xm;aom armf
awmfum;udkrlif;\orD;awmfrsm;uom
pD;avh&SdMuukef\/
oDaygrif;ygawmfrlpOftcgurEav;
rSvdkufygoGm;onfhorD;awmfESpfyg; tjyif

q&mawmft&Si&f mZdExq
H ufuyf vSL'gef;
cJNh yD;? vSL'gef;rItpkpw
k t
kYd wGuf a&pufcs
tEkarm'emw&m;rsm;ukdvnf; e*g;udk;
aumif q &mawmf x H r S t wl w uG em,l
MunfndKcJhMuaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
PS(APL)

&wem*D&w
d iG f orD;awmfEpS yf g; xyfraH rG;
zG m ;&m pk p k a ygif ; orD ; awmf ( 4)yg;&S d \ /
xd k o rD ; awmf r sm;u . . . & wem*D & d u
armfawmfum;udk vGefpGmrSoabmus
avawmh\/
eef ; usbk & if o D a ygrif ; \
pH a wmf t d r f w G i f z d k ' f h t rsd K ;pm;armf
awmf u m;ES i f h ' wf ' D , G e f t rsd K ;
tpm;armfawmfum;ESpfpD;&Sdav
\/
oD a ygrif ; twG u f
armf a wmf u m;pD p Of a y;
xm;jcif;onfum; if;
twG u f n aewd k i f ;
avni;f cH&eftwGuf
jzpfav\/
wpfBudrf
ompD ; zl ; aom
oD a ygrif ;
bHkabbk&ifcH
avmh'rf if;wef qdo
k l
onf &wem*D & d o d k Y
a&muf v mpOf t cgu
eef ; usbk & if o D a ygrif ;
onf if ; ES i f h a wG U qH k & ef
twGuf aumvdyfawmft&m&Sdtdrfawmf
odkYarmfawmfum;ESifhwpfBudrfompD;oGm;
&mrSwfrSwf&&yifjzpfcJhzl;av\/
ajr;awmf wkwk
eef;usbk&ifoDaygrif;\ ajr;awmf
wkwkonfi,fpOfuyif armfawmfum;udk
pD ; avh & S d \ / if ; BuD ; jyif ; vmonf h t cg
tm;vH k ; jynf a wmf j yef M uonf h t cgajr;
awmfwkwkrSm &wem*D&dwGif armfawmf
um;pufjyiftrIxrf;ESifhtdrfaxmifus
usef&pfcJhNyD; vGefpGmrSqif;&JEGrf;yg;pGmESifh
oDaygrif;\ tkwf*lteD;wGif wJxdk;
ae&avawmh\ . . /.
xd k Y a Mumif h . . . w pf c sd e f w pf c gu
e,fcsUJ wdo
Yk nfjrefrmwd\
Yk tBuD;tuJ rdom;
pkrsm;udk rsdK;wHk;oGm;atmifrsdK;zsufcJhzl;
av\/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap . . .ordkif;qdkwm
b,fawmfrh S arhaysmufvrYkd &ay/ bmawG
ajymajym&mZ0ifqdkwm&SdvdkY aeavawmh
ownf; . . /.
atmuf w d k b matmif B uD ;

rif;b,favmufrdkufovJ rif;v,f
b,favmufwefovJ ar;NyD;wlrD;aoewfESifU ypfwJhol
ucsifjynfe,frdk;nif;cdkif rdk;nif;
NrdKUe,f tif;awmfBuD;a'oeefrY eG ;f aus;&Gm
tkyfpk vkH;wkH&Jpcef;tydkife,fajrwGif;&Sd
v,fawmwJaeOD;armifMunfEiS hf OD;armif
at; wdo
Yk nf (14?9?2012)&uf v,fa&
ajrmif;udpj zifh pum;rsm;cJMh u&mrS OD;armif
at;onf rdrv
d ,fawmxJoYkd jyefvmNyD;
,rf;axmif;wlrD;aoewfudk,l OD;armif
Munf v ,f w J o d k Y oG m ;um(a[h a umif
armifMunf rif;b,favmufrdkufovJ
rif;v,fb,favmufwefovJ) [k ar;NyD;
vufx&J o
dS nfh wlr;D aoewfjzifyh pfvu
dk &f m
wl r D ; usnf c J o nf 0J b uf c sKd i f ; atmuf
rS a zmuf 0 if ,mbuf c sKd i f ; atmuf r S
azmuf x G u f ' Pf & mjzif h vJ u soG m ;NyD ;
OD;armifMunfu tdrfwGiftv,fa&muf
aeaom OD;armifat;\nDukd (armifaqG
ighuu
kd ,fygOD;)[k ajymtNyD;xrnfvyk pf Of
OD;armifat;u wlrD;aoewf'ifjzihf ESpf
csufqifx
h ak qmifph Of armifaqGu (tudk
rvk y f e J Y ) [k atmf a jym&if 0 if q G J w m;&m
OD;armifat;u wpfawmifjzihf wGuo
f jzifh
vufvw
G o
f mG ;pOf OD;armifat;rSm wJu
xGufajy;a&Smifwdrf;oGm;cJhonf/
armif a qG o nf csuf c sif ; OD ; armif
Munf\ZeD;&S&d m uGuo
f pf a':MunfjrxH
ta&mufomG ; tusKd;taMumif;ajymum
a':MunfjrESihftwl v,fwJodkYjyefvmpOf
orD;ESpaf ,mufEiS q
hf aHk wGUcku
d f (tar taz
aoNyD)[k rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh ajymMum;
a':MunfjrrSm qufvufNyD;tcif;jzpfyGm;
rIrsm;ukd vk;H wk&H pJ cef;odo
Yk mG ;a&muftrIziG hf

wkdifMum;cJhojzihf vkH;wkH&Jpcef;rS trIppf


&JtkyfausmfvdIifonf trIjzpfpOfrsm;udk
a&;oG i f ; pk H p rf ; &S m azG r I r sm;jyKvk y f & m
xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifoGm;onf w&m;cH
OD;armifat;udk acsmif;0OD;wif0if;aetdrf
wGif (15?9?2012) &ufta<u;awmif;pOf
zrf;qD;&rdcJhonf/
oufaocHwlrD;udkvnf; &SmazGodrf;
qnf;cJMh uNyD; w&m;cHO;D armifat; (45)ESpf
(b)OD;at;armif 1^rne(Ekdif)084249
eefYrGef;tkyfpk &Srf;ukef;uGufopftif;awmf
BuD;a'oudk (y)46^2012 yk'rf 302 jzihf
ta&;,l rdk;nif;&Jpcef;odkY ydkYaqmifppf
aq;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
rdk;ewfom; rdk;nif;

usKdufxdkrSm rGef'Drdkua&pDygwD kH;cef;zGifUqkdif;bkwfwifyGJ

rGefjynfe,f usKdufxdkNrdKUwGif rGef


'D r d k u a&pD ( MDP)qk d i f ; bk w f w if y G J E S i f h
kH;cef;zGifhyGJudkatmufwdkbm(6)&uf eHeuf
ydkif;u usif;yjyKvkyf&m ygwDA[dkOu|
Ed k i f a iG o d e f ; OD ; aqmif a omygwD 0 if r sm;
zdwfMum;xm;aom EkdfifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
pdwyf g0ifpm;olrsm;wufa&mufcMhJ uaMumif;
od&onf/
tcrf;tem;udk eHeuf(11)em&DwGif
&ef u k e f - armf v Nrd K if u m;vrf ; rBuD ; ab;
trSw(f 10)Akv
d cf sKyfvrf; atmifo&D Nd ydKif&yf
awmifolpk&yfuGufwGif jyKvkyf&m rGef
'Dru
kd a&pDA[dOk u|Ekid af iGoed ;f 'kw,
d A[dk
Ou|EkdifoufvGif? A[dkaumfrwD0ifrif;
a|;atmifESifhusKdufxdkNrdKUe,frGef'Drdkua&
pDygwDOu|Edkifatmifqef;ESifhygwD0ifrsm;
zd w f M um;xm;aom usKd u f x d k N rd K Ue,f
jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD?trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJU
csKyfESifh wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnTwfa&;
ygwD0ifrsm;ESihfpdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm;pkpkaygif;
100ausmfwufa&mufcJhMuonf/ tcrf;
tem;tpDtpOft& rGef'Drkdua&pD ygwD
A[dOk u| Ekid af iGoed ;f uygwD qkid ;f bkwEf iS hf

Hk;cef;udkzGihfvSpfay;um tpDtpOftwkdif;
zGifhyGJudk qufvufusif;ycJhaMumif;ygwD
0ifwpfOD;u ajymonf/
ygwDA[dak umfrwD0ifrif;a|;atmifu
]]uRefawmfwyYkd gwDurGew
f ikd ;f &if;om;
awGukd ud,
k pf m;jyKw,fqadk yr,f?h tcuf
tcJ&w
dS hJ jynfoal wGtwGuv
f nf; wufEikd f
orQulnaD y;ygr,f/ t"duuawmh Ekifd if H
tusKd;jynfolUtusKd;twGufygyJ/ oxkH
cdkiftwGif;rSmawmh usKdufxdku ig;ck
ajrmufyg/ aemufxyfvnf; kH;cef;cGJawG
zGihfzdkYpDpOfxm;ygw,f}}[k ajymonf/
rGef'Drdkua&pDygwD (MON DEMOCRACY PARTY) onf 1990a&G ;
aumufyGJ0if rGeftrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJU
(MON NATIONAL DEMOCKA CY
PARTY)u (26?4?2012) aeYwi
G f trnf

ajymif;vJum aejynfawmfjynfaxmifpk
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifkH;wGif w&m;0if
rSwfykHwifavQmufxm;cJh&mcGifhjyKNyD;aom
ygwD j zpf a Mumif ; ygwD 0 if w pf O D ; uajym
onf/
aeaoG ;

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

urmavmuBuD;rSm tvStyudk
rBudKufwJhvl&,fvkdYr&Sdyg/ t&rf;BuD;
vG e f v G e f u J u J B ud K uf w J h v l e J Y rBud K uf
vl o mtenf ; eJ Y t rsm;uG m jcmrI o m&S d
ygw,f/,ck(21)&mpkacwfrSmtvSty
udk rde;f rom;rsm;omru? a,musmf ;om;
rsm;yg *kpkdufjyifqifvmonfhudk awGY
ae&onf/ okyaf qmif? tqkad wmfawGwifruyJ jyifyu q,fausmfoufvil ,frsm;omru
touf(40)ausmf?(50)ausmftefwD?OD;OD;rsm;uvnf; tvStyudk aemufusrusefap&av
atmif *kpkdufjyifqifawGwmudk ,ckacwfrSm jrifawGYNyD;om;jzpfMurSmyg 'gaMumifh
vkdtyfwJhae&mudk vkdovkdjyifvkdY&wJhacwfBuD;rSm ab;xGufqkd;usdK;enf;atmif aocsm
*kwpkdufjyKjyif EkdifrSawmfumusrSmjzpfNyD; ab;Oyg'fuif;pGmjzifhtqDcsNyD;tcsdK;uspGm vSy
EkdifzkdYtwGuf Beautiful Earth rS rpkpkvIdifESifhawGYwkef;qkHckduf ar;jref;jzpfcJh&m]]tpfr'Dqidk u
f kd zGijhf zpfwmu odyrf Mumao;ygbl;/ t&ifwek ;f uawmh tqDcs0efaqmifrI
a&m? trsdK;om;a&m*gtwGuaf &m tdrw
f idk &f ma&muf0efaqmifraI y;aewmuawmh (10)ESpf
&SdoGm;ygNyD; taMumykdif;eJYtqDcswJhenf;u ta&SUwkdif;enf;yg wkwfjynfrSm&SdwJh Beauty
hf m;wJh tpfr&JU OD;av;qDu enf;ynmawG&cJw
h myg/ okyaf qmifyidk ;f u vlawGa&m?
Spa zGix
tqkad wmfyidk ;f ua&m tpfreJt
Y qDcszl;wJo
h al wG &Syd gw,f/ tqDwpfcgcs&if (5)&ufMumw,f
tpfrtqDcswJeh nf;ykpH u
H awmh taMumawGuzkd iG rhf ,f tqDawGukd aq;eJcY gxkwrf ,f ywfw;D
pnf;r,f NyD;awmh tpfr udk,fwkdifazmfpyfxm;wJhopfoD;? opfO?ysm;&nfwkdYeJYpyfxm;wJh
aq;aygif;pkHeJYacR;aygif;ay;r,f/ tJ'DtwGuf tom;t&nfvnf;vSr,f/ ta&jym;vnf;
uspfr,f/ cEmudk,ftcsdK;tpm;vnf;vSr,f/ wcsdKUenf;awGvkd 0dwfusoGm;wJhtcg
tom;ta&aysmhaysmhww
JG BJG uD;vnf; jzpfrusefbJ olU[meJo
Y l wif;wif;&if;&if;eJY tcsdK;us
oGm;r,f/ wpfckajymcsifuawmhtBuHmPfay;csifwJhoabmaygh tqDcsNyD;NyD;qkdNyD;awmh
'Dtwkid ;f vufvw
G pf y,fawmh aevkrYd &bl;/ rxde;f &ifrxde;f ovkad wmh jyefNyD; wufvmrSmyg/
'gaMumifh tpm;taomuftaetxkid af wmh trsm;BuD;qifjcifzv
Ydk ydk gw,fvYdk ajymcsifygw,f/
tpf r wk d Y q D r S m tqD c scsif w ,f q k d & if wpf u d k , f v k H ; rS m r[k w f y gbl ; / vk d t yf w J h a e&m
tpdwt
f ykid ;f tvku
d v
f nf; 0efaqmifraI y;ygw,f/ cg;wk?Yd *sdKif;wkrYd mS ydw
k t
hJ qDuykd J z,fxw
k f
csif&if&ygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh &ifom;jyKjyifwmvnf;vkyw
f ,f/ wifyg;jyifwmawGvnf;

"r'lwbmoma&;r*Zif;rS
"r'lw"rpmayqk
NydKifyGJ0ifpmrlrsm;zdwfac:
vk y f y gw,f / wif y g;rS m
wcsd K UawG u atmuf u
SL;NyD; tay:ucg;wkwf
aewm tcsd K ;ruswJ h
ykpH aH wGukd tvSyqk;H jzpf atmif jyKjyifay;ygw,f/ tpfr(5)&ufukd (2)aygifusr,fvYdk
tmrcHygw,f/ wcsKd Uuvnf;(5)&ufxeJ YJ (3)aygif? (3)aygifcx
JG d usomG ;w,fawGvnf;
&Sw
d ,f/ aemufNyD; a&ToiG ;f ?za,mif;oGi;f ?aygif;wifwmawGvnf; 0efaqmifraI y;yg
w,f/ aemufNyD; tqDcswmr[kwyf J aoG;vnfywfraI umif;atmif oD;oefaY cR;aygif;
csifw,fvkdY&ifvnf; tpfrazmfpyfxm;wJhtoD;t&GufawGeJYvnf; acR;aygif;vkdY&yg
w,f/ tpfrtodwpfa,muf&JUtrsdK;om;qkd&if *ufpftqdyfoifhw,f tqdyfawG
aMumifh tom;awGjymvmNyD;? tqDtusdwaf wGawmifxu
G v
f mw,f/ olu Ekid if jH cm;
rSmoGm;ukzkdYawmif pDpOfaewJhtcsdefrSm tpfreJYawGYNyD; ukay;cJhwm (13)&uftMum
ud,
k x
f u
J jymaewJt
h qdyf af wGvnf; ukeo
f mG ;w,f/ tqDusdwaf wGvnf; tukef
aysmufomG ;w,f/ trsdK;om;a&m*gusawmhvnf; tpfrukoay;w,f/ wcsdKUawGu
Facebook ay:awGUwJa
h Mumfjimudk MunhNf yD;txifvcJG &H w,f/ tpfr touf(48)ESp&f NdS yD;
tpfrwdkYu t"du usef;rma&;twGufyJ pOf;pm;NyD;awmh wifvkdufwm 'DvkdrsdK;
txifvGJvdrfhvkdYawmif rxifxm;bl;/ tpfrwdkYukay;wJhenf;u trsdK;om;awG&JU
cg;aMum?'l;aumufauG;rSm &SdwJhtaMumawGjyKjyifrIawG jyKvkyfay;wmyg/ (5)ESpf?
(6)ESpaf vmufMumatmif 'kuc pH m;ae&wJt
h rsdK;om;awGawmif aysmufomG ;w,f/
tpfrtm rcHNyD; ukay;ygw,f/ tpfrqDrmS vmukcsif&if &efuek Nf rdKU? (8)rkid ?f NrdKifa[0ef
tdrf&m?tcef;(116)udk vma&mufukoEkdifygw,fvkdY}} ajymMum;cJhygw,f/

oDwif;uRwf?wefaqmif
rk e f ; ?wef a qmif w d k i f a &muf N yD
qdk&ifjzifh aAsmuftdk;azmufoH
wnH n H M um;&pNrJ y g/xd k U twl
aAsmuf t d k ; a&mif ; ?aAsmuf t d k ;
azmufolrsm;tm;Oya't&jyif;
xef p G m ta&;,l r nf q d k a om
toHcsJUpufraS MunmoHuv
kd nf;
tqufrjywfMum;ae7jyefw,f/
oD w if ; uRwf r S m upm;ol ? aps;
a&mif;oleJUvlBuD;rdbuefawmh
olawGu oDwif;uRwfyGJawmf
&JU obm0twdik ;f awmh&rdS mS aygh/
Oya't&ta&;,l w J h u d p u s
awmh pOf;pm;p&mawGu ygvmjyefw,f/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k rItydik ;f udyk J ajym&r,fxifw,f/ 'Dypn;f awGuw
kd ifoiG ;f vmwJv
h al wG? aemufwpfzufEikd if u
H wif
oGif;wJhukefonfawG olwdkUrSmusawmh w&m;Oya'r&SdvdkUta&;,lr,fhpm&if;xJrSm rygwmvm;qdkNyD;awG;rdw,f/0rf;pmtwGuf &SmNyD; aps;a&mif;pm;&wJh
vrf;ab;aps;onfawGeUJ jrefrmh"avhyaJG wmf&ufrUkd aysmf&iT pf mG aqmhupm;wJo
h al wGu axmif'Pftjypf tBuD;tus,fb0tysufcu
H s&NyD; wzufEikd if u
H wifoiG ;f wJh
olawGu at;at;aq;aq;wnfNidrfpGmydkufqH,lEdkifw,fqdk&ifawmh 'g[m w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;rIr&SdvdkUygyJ/'DEdkifiHtwGif;rSmaAsmuftdk;azsmufzdkUtpdk;&urvdkvm;
bl;qdk&if t&ifqHk;wifoGif;wJhvkyfief;pkawGudk ta&;,l&rSmyg/ tckawmhEdkifiHjcm;om;vkyfief;&SifawGydkufqH&zdkU jrefrmqif;&Jom;awGuaxmifus
cHa&mif;csay;ae&ovdkjzpfaeovdkygyJ/ arSmifcdkwifoGif;vmw,fqdk&ifvnf; 'g[mwm0ef&SdolawG?w&m;Oya'awGeJYoufqdkifwmygyJ/ 'Dypnf;awG ae&mrSm
tjcm;azmufcaJG &;ypn;f awG ygvm&ifvnf; rvG,yf gbl;/ aemuftjcm;aom vlxu
k t
kd E&m,fay;Edik w
f yhJ pn;f awGygvm&ifvnf; rvG,yf gbl;/ bde;f wdUk aq;ajcmuf
wdkUygvm&ifa&m b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ/ arSmifcdkvrf;aMumif;udk udkifwG,fEdkifw,fqdk&if 'DaAsmuftdk;awGa&mufvmp&m taMumif;r&Sdygbl;/ 'grSr[kwf wzuf
Edik if u
H aAsmuft;kd awGu tcGeaf qmifNyD;wifoiG ;f vmwmvm;/ tcGeaf qmifwifoiG ;f vmw,fq&kd ifvnf; bmaMumifw
h m;jrpfxm;wJyh pn;f awGuw
kd ifoiG ;f cGiahf y;
&wmvJqw
kd muawmh xH;k pHtwdik ;f ajym&&ifawmh tcGix
hf ;l cHvw
l ef;pm;wpf&yf&adS evdUk vdUk yJajym&rSmaygh/
acsmacsm

toHk;csEkdifiHa&;odyHy nmESifhtjcm;acwfopfynm&yfrsm; ynm'geykdYcsrnf


Unity Education Programme rS
dk ;f
Education Centre wGif we*FaEGaeYwi

BuD;rSL; toHk;csEkdifiHa&;odyHynm(2012^2)ukd ynm'getpDtpOftjzpf (2012)ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; Unity


aeYv,f(1)em&DrS nae (4)em&Dtxd (11?11?2012)&ufrpS oifwef;umv(1)vMum zGiv
hf pS rf nfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
tqkyd goifwef;wGif Ekid if w
H umtajccHOya't&yf&yfudk EIid ;f ,SOaf vhvmjcif;ESihf yx0DEidk if aH &;wku
Yd dk aqG;aEG;ykcYd srnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;acwfopfynm&yfrsm;ukd
(2013)ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&DvrSpynm'getjzpfqufvufoifMum;ykcYd soGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ oifwef;wufa&muf&efpw
d 0f ifpm;olrnforl qkd rdr\
d uk,
d af &;
tcsuftvuftusOf;csKyfukd "mwfyHk(2)yHkESifhtwl oifwef;zGifhvSpfrnfh Unity Education Centre tcef;(3)?yxrxyf?trSwf(284^286)?a&Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;?
'*HNk rdKUe,f? &efuek o
f Ydk avQmufvmT ay;ykEYd idk Nf yD; zke;f (095143176?0973193561)okq
Yd ufo,
G pf pkH rf;Ekid af Mumif;od&onf/
HH

21-10-2012,Sunday

PM

"r'w
l awm& q,frikd u
f ek ;f omoemh
&dyfomq&mawmf"r'lwa'gufwmt&Sif
ynd &OD ; pD ; aom "r ' l w bmoma&;
r*Zif;rS"rpmayqk(3)rsdK;csD;jrifh&efpDpOf
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m zdwfac:pmrlaqmif;
yg;twGuf pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk "r'lw
r*Zif;? trSwf-12? {NyDv? (2012)ckESpf
rSpvpOfxnfhoGif;azmfjycJhygonf/
Nyd K if y G J p mrl \ trnf u d k ]]y&[d w
tvk y f o nf Ak ' t vd k u sjzpf o nf } }
[kowfrSwfay;xm;&m pmrlonf ax&
0g'Ak'bmomESihfudkufnD&ygrnf? pmvHk;
15000xufrenf;? (20000)xufryd&k yg/
tudk;tum;?taxmuftxm;tjynfhtpHk
azmf j y&ygrnf / Nyd K if y G J 0 if o l \ ud k , f a &;
tcsuf t vuf t usOf ; ?ae&yf v d y f p m
tjynfhtpHkESifh"mwfyHk(1)yHkyg&Sd (2012)
ckESpf?Edk0ifbmv(30)&ufaemufqHk;xm;NyD;
qkjynfhpHkxGef;pmay? trSwf(508^ 512)?
(2-c)?yxrxyf? ukefonfvrf;(qdyfurf;
omvrf;axmifh)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?
zkef;-383664? 386833odkYay;ydkY&rnfjzpf
aMumif; od&&dS onf/
NL

wuodkvfwuf&eftwGuf
tcuftcJBuKH aeolrsm;
(2013)ynmoifEpS rf pS wif
a&Tyg&rDynmoifqak vQmufxm;Edik Nf yD
a&Tyg&rDawm&q&mawmf t&SifqEm"duESifhwynhf
'um^'g,dumrrsm;\ ]]a&Tyg&rDynmoifqk}}}udk (2013)
wuodkvfynmoifESpfrSpwif csD;jrihfrnfjzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
(2012)wu o d k v f w ef ; 0if p mar;yG J w G i f xl ; cRef p G m
atmifjrif wuodkvfqufwuf&eftwGuftcuftcJ&Sd
aom ausmif;om;^olrsm;avQmufxm;Edkifygonf/ aq;
wuodkvf?oGm;bufqdkif&mwuodkvf? olemjyKwuodkvf?
enf;ynmwuodkvfESifhynma&;wuodkvfwdkYokdY wuf
a&muf o if M um;Murnf h a usmif ; om;^ol r sm; avQmuf
xm;Ed k i f N yD ; wu o d k v f w pf c k v Qif ( 10)OD ; pD j zif h ausmif ;
om;^ol O D ; a&(50)tm;ausmif ; NyD ; onf t xd jynf h p H k p G m
ynmoifqkvpOfcsD;jrihfay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
(Oyrm-aq;ausmif ; om;wpf O D ; vQif vpOf a iG
usyfwpfodef;)
avQmufxm;vdo
k o
l nf ud,
k af &;tusOf;? rdbtvkyf
tudkifESifh0ifaiG? rdom;pkta&twGuf? wuodkvf0ifwef;
trSwpf m&if;rdwL? wuov
kd w
f uf&eftrSew
f u,faiGaMu;
tcuftcJ&SdaMumif; rdb?ausmif;tkyfBuD;? &yfuGuftkyfcsKyf
a&;rSL;wdkY\axmufcHpm?b0&nfrSef;csuf?q&mawmft&Sif
qE m "d u \pmtk y f r sm;zwf z l ; ygu rnf o nh f p mtk y f u d k
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifhtESpfoufqHk;jzpfonfwdkYukd rdrd
udk,fwdkif\vufa&;jzifh(axmufcHpmrsm;rSty)a&;om;
vdik pf if"mwfy(kH 3)yHEk iS t
hf wl a&Tyg&rDynmoifq?k trSw(f 61)?
ajrnDxyf?pOfhtdk;wef;vrf;? vomNrdKUe,f? &efukefwdkif;
a'oBuD ; od k Y (2012)ck E S p f ? atmuf w k d b mv(31)&uf
aemufqHk;xm;avQmufxm;Edkifygonf/
ynmoifqk csD;jrifhrnfhaeY&ufudkxyfrHaMunmrnf
jzpfNyD; &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD; tcrf;tem;jzifch sD;jrifh ay;tyf
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
NL

13

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

rEav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D atmifajrompHNrKd Ye,f Oykoaf wmf&yfuu


G f 75 vrf;ESiUf
11 vrf;axmif&U dS ajruGuyf ikd q
f ikd rf yI ay:tjiif;yGm;&mrS w&m;H;I edro
Uf u
l rD',
Dd m&Si;f vif;yGjJ yKvyk f
rEav;? atmufwdkbm 16
rEav;wdik ;f a'oBuD;? atmifajrom
pHNrdKUe,f? Oykofawmf&yfuGuf? (75)vrf;
ESihf (11)vrf;axmif&h dS uGi;f trSw(f 416C)? OD;ydkiftrSwf(45^q)ajruGufydkifqdkif
rI tjiif;yGm;rIEiS yhf wfouf w&m;H;I edrhf
olro
d m;pk(r[mpde{f nf&h yd rf eG )f rS owif;pm
&Sif;vif;yGJudk (16?10?2012)&uf? nae
(3)em&DwGif tqdkygajruGuftaqmuf
ttHk&Sd if;wdkY,m,Daexdkif&mae&mwGif
jyKvk y f c J h o nf / tqd k y g&S i f ; vif ; yG J o d k Y
rEav;tajcpdkuf owif;rD'D,mtrsm;pk
wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
&Si;f vif;yGw
J iG f w&m;H;I edro
hf l a':eef;
pdeyf iG Ehf iS hf if;\trsKd;om; OD;jrifph ed (f r[m
pde{f nf&h yd rf eG )f wd\
Yk orD;jzpfol reef;qdik f
rGefrS ajruGufydkifqdkifrItjiif;yGm;rIESifhywf
ouf owif;rD'D,mrsm;udkajymMum;cJh
&m ]]'DtrIeyYJ wfoufvYkd tusOf;H;k ajymjy
csifygw,f/ vGecf w
hJ hJ (1993)ckEpS u
f w&m;
0if ESpf(30)*&ef&&Sdxm;ol a':eef;oef;
armfxrH S uRefr\ rdbrsm;u if;\umv
wefzdk;ESifhtnD 0,f,lcJhygw,f/ (1999)
ESpu
f ek f (2000)ckEpS f ESpq
f ef;ydik ;f rSm uRefr
wdkYonf rEav;pnfyifom,ma&;aumf
rwDodkY w&m;0iftdrfaqmufrdefYavQmuf
um taqmuftOD;udk usoifah om tcGef
tcrsm;ay;aqmifNyD; uRefrwdkY aqmuf
vkyfaexdkifcJhygw,f/ (2006)ckESpfrSmus
awmh rEav;pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD
rS ,ckvuf&w
dS &m;Ekid o
f l a':eef;cifoef;
Munfukd (10)ESpf *&efcsxm;ay;cJyh gw,f/
(10)ESp*f &ef&&So
d l a':eef;cifoef;Munfu
(2009)ckEpS ?f rEav;cdik w
f &m;H;k wGif trI
trSwf(119)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcJhwJhtcsdefrSm
rE a v; pnf y if o m,ma&;aumf r wD r S
xkwaf y;wJh 'D(10)ESp*f &ef&&So
d u
l kd tEkid f
ay;vdu
k jf cif;jzpfygw,f/ trItrSw(f 119)
ESifh cdkifw&m;Hk;wGif uRefrwdkYHI;edrfhcJhyg
w,f/ w&m;Ekdifu rEav;cdkifw&m;Hk;
wG i f trI t rS w f ( 339)Zm&D r I u d k xyf r H
zGifhvSpfcJh&m (9?10?2012)&ufwGif vHkNcHK
a&;ay;NyD;awmhuRefrwdkYudk NcH0if;jyifudk
qGx
J w
k cf yhJ gw,f/ ,ckvuf&dS owif; rD
'D,morm;rsm;tm;vH;k jrifwt
hJ wdik ;f uRefr

14

wdrYk o
d m;pk NcHab;rSm tzDav;xd;k NyD;aexkid f
&ygw,f/ tckvkd ESp(f 30)*&ef vuf0,f
&SdvsufeJY NcHjyifqGJxkwfcH&jcif;taMumif;
t&meJyY wfoufNyD; uRefr tckvkd owif;
pm&Si;f vif;yGjJ yKvky&f jcif;jzpfygw,f/ Ekid if H
om;wpfO;D taeeJY t,lc0H ifciG q
hf w
dk m&Sw
d hJ
twGuf uRefrwdYk jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwf
awmfcsKyf(txl;)udk t,lc0H ifa&mufxm;yg
w,f/ txl;t,lct
H rItrSwf 2012^579
jzifv
h nf; uRefrwdYk trItrSwu
f kd vuf
cH x m;NyD ; jzpf y gw,f / wpf z uf r S v nf ;
uRefrwdYk cdik f ;kH rSmxkwx
f m;wJh Zm&Drt
I m;
wm;Ekdif&ef jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmf
csKyfoYkd qdik ;f iHrh ed v
Yf nf;avQmufxm;ygw,f/
tJ'Dhqdkif;iHhrdefYtajzodzdkY uRefrwdkY (3?4)
&ufapmifh&OD;rSmyg/ aejynfawmfw&m;
vTwfawmfcsKyfu (25)&ufaeYt,lcH0if
oifrh 0ifoifh Mum;em&ef H;k vm&ef;kH csde;f &Sd
ygw,f/ (26)&ufaeYwGifvnf; rEav;
cdkifw&m;Hk;rS uRefrwdkYudk xyfrHcsdef;qdk
xm;ygw,f/ tckvuf&Sd 'Dvdk uRefrwdkY
vkyfaqmifjcif;tay: tajzbmrSrxGuf

ao;rDumvtwGi;f uRefrwdYk rdom;pktm;


NcHjyifoq
Ykd x
JG w
k cf jhJ cif;jzpfay:cJyh gw,f/ (17)
&ufaeYwGifvnf; w&m;EkdifwdkYbufrS vHk
NcHKa&;(10)&ufxyfraH wmif;cJ&h m uRefrwdYk

xH tcGet
f cay;aqmifNyD; taqmuftOD;
aqmufvyk x
f m;ygvsufeYJ 'Dvkd rEav;NrdKU
pnfyifom,mu (2006)ckEpS rf mS tjcm;
wpfOD;tm; (10)ESpf*&ef aemufwpfzef

0,fxm;&So
d l uRefrwdrYk o
d m;pktay: jzpf
aewJh tpm;xk;d r&wJh qH;k H;I rIawG ukpm;
vdrYk &Edik w
f hJ epfemrIawGtay: b,foal wG
bmawGvkyfay;EkdifMurSmvJ/ taxGaxG
tkyfcsKyfa&;eJY pnfyifom,ma&;wdkY Xme
ESpcf u
k wpfzufew
YJ pfzuf rnforl eS w
f ,f
qdw
k modcsifygw,f/ ESp(f 30)*&ef&ydS gvsuf
eJY [dw
k pfzuftm; rnfonfh ajr,mOya'
eJYtnD (10)ESpf*&efudkxkwfay;vdkufyg
ovJ/ [db
k ufw&m;Ekid u
f (10)ESp*f &efukd
b,fv&kd &So
d mG ;ygovJqw
kd mudk uRefrod
csifygw,f/ vuf&t
dS axGaxGtyk cf sKyfa&;
u uRefrudkd ESp(f 30)*&ef trSejf zpfw,f
qdkNyD; 'DtjzpftrSeftm;vHk;ay:vGifatmif
pdppfq;kH jzwfz&Ykd m uRefrwdYk 0efBuD;csKyfqD
toem;cHpmwifxm;ygw,f/ 0efBuD;csKyf
&JUtajzudkvnf; uRefrwdkYtaeeJY tjref
qH;k odcsifygw,fvaYkd wmif;qdyk gw,f/ wpf
zufu (10)ESpf*&eftwnfjyKHkeJY uRefr
wdkY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm&if;ESD;wnfaqmufcJh&
wJh td;k tdrt
f aqmuftOD; vkyif ef;awG&UJ
qH;k H;I epfemrIukd b,foal jz&Si;f ay;rSmvJ}}
[k reef;qdik rf eG u
f rD',
D mrsm;odaYk jymMum;
cJhonf/
reef;qdik rf eG o
f nf w&m;H;I edro
hf l OD;
jrifph ed ?f a':eef;pdeyf iG w
hf \
Ykd orD;tBuD;qH;k
jzpfNyD; trIEiS yhf wfoufNyD; ajyma&;qdck iG hf

dk;om;pGm&SmazGcJhaom acR;eJYaoG;eJYwnf
aqmufxm;aom 'DtaqmuftOD;tm; NzdK
cszdkYvdkY uRefrwdkYowif;Mum;ygw,f/ 'g
aMumifrh v
Ydk nf; tckvykd aJG v;udk uRefrwdYk
rjzpfraeusif;y&wmyg/ rEav;cdkifajr
tyf0&rf;eJYqufpyfNyD;awmh rEav;cdkif
w&m;Hk;rS 0&rf;twnfjyKaqmif&GufEkdif
&ef (26?10?2012)&ufaeYodkY csdef;qdkwdk;
jrifhay;xm;aomfvnf; (9?10?2012)&uf
wGif cdkifw&m;Hk;rS bDvpfpma&;ESifh &J
wyfzUJG rsm;? vkyo
f m;rsm;u 0&rf;twnf
jyKaqmif&u
G cf o
hJ jzifh w&m;NydKifro
d m;pkrsm;
ESifh a&TUajymif;EkdifwJhypnf;tcsKdU OypmrS
z,f&mS ;a&TUay;cJ&h ygw,f/ taqmuftOD;
[m zsuford ;f jcif;rjyK&ao;yg/ trIEiS hf
ywfouf uRefrodcsifwJh tcsufav;
awG&Sdygw,f/ vGefcJhwJh (1993)ckESpfu
w&m;0if ESpf(30)*&ef&&Sdol ydkif&SifxH
umvwefzdk;eJYtnD0,f,lcJhNyD; EkdifiHawmf

ay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh aemufwpfckqdkNyD;
ajruGux
f rJ mS csay;vd&Yk ygovm;/ usefwhJ
wkid ;f eJjY ynfe,fawGrmS a&m pnfyifom,m
a&;aumfrwD 'DvdkyHkpHyJvkyfaqmifaeyg
ovm;? NrdKUajrwd;k csJUaqmif&u
G &f mrSmvnf;
uGi;f qif;ppfaq;? Oya'vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;
eJt
Y nD rjyKvkyb
f ;l vm;/ tu,f tJ'v
D kd
yHkpHrsKd;eJY ae&mcsxm;ay;vdkY jzpfay:vm
wJh ajr,mydkifqdkifrI? tjiif;yGm;rIawGudk
b,fou
l b,fvykd pkH eH YJ ajz&Si;f ay;rSmvJ/
Oya'aMumif;t& (10)ESpf*&efudk NrdKU
awmfpnfyifom,mu twnfjyKcJrh ,fqkd
&if uRefrwdv
Yk uf0,fwiG &f w
dS hJ 'DaxGtyk f
twnfjyKcJhwJh ESpf(30)*&efudk trSefvdkY
ajymygw,f/ [dw
k pfzufuvnf; pnfyif
om,mucsxm;ay;wJh 'D(10)ESpf*&efudk
trSefvdkYajymNyD; w&m;Hk;u tEkdifay;cJh
jcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'gqdk wpfcsdeu
f Oya'eJY
tnD xkwaf y;cJw
h hJ ESp(f 30)*&efukd vuf

twGuf rdbrsm;xHrS (GP)vT,


J x
l m;oljzpf
aMumif;od&onf/ reef;qdik rf eG rf S &Si;f vif;
yGJrjyKvkyfrD owif;rD'D,mrsm;odkY jzefYa0
ay;xm;aompm&Gufrsm;wGif ajruGuft
jiif;yGm;rIEiS phf yfvsOf;yg&SNd yD; rEav;wdik ;f
a'oBuD;? atmifajrompHNrdKUe,f? Oykof
awmf&yfuGuf? (75)vrf;ESifh (11)vrf;
axmif&h dS tuGuf (416-C)? OD;ydik t
f rSwf
(45^q)ajruGuu
f kd (10?5?1933)rS (9?5?
2012)&uftxd tESpf(30)ajriSm;*&ef&&Sd
xm;ol a':eef;oef;armfxHrS (25?10?
1999)&ufwiG f usyf(35)ode;f jzifh a':eef;
pdeyf iG rhf S 0,f,cl NhJ yD; (45^q)\ajrtus,f
(100 x 137)ayay:wG i f (73)ay x
(40)aytus,ft0ef;&Sd RC (2)xyfwu
kd f
taqmuftOD;udk (2000)jynfhESpftwGif;
rEav; pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD\
cGifhjyKcsufjzifhaqmufvkyfaexkdifcJhonfrSm
(12)ausmf&SdNyDjzpfaMumif;? rEav;wdkif;

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

Ekid if aH wmforwudk *kPjf yKaomtm;jzifU


tif;awmfNrKd Ye,fwiG f jynfot
hl usKd ;jyKvyk if ef;rsm; aqmif&u
G f

qdik u
f ,fu,f&v
D yk if ef;onfrEav;NrKd Yae
jynforl sm;\wpfEidk w
f pfyikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
tjzpf&yfwnfvm

tif;awmf atmufwkdbm 14
jrefrmEkdifiH\*kPfukd jyefvnfaqmifMuOf;ay;EdkifcJhonfh EkdifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdef\tar&duefc&D;pOfukd*kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh
atmufwkdbm 13 &ufwGif ppfukdif;wkdif;a'oBuD;? tif;awmfNrdKUe,f?refvnfaus;&GmtkyfpkESifh qnf&Gmaus;&GmtkyfpktkyfcsKyfa&;
rSL;wkdYonf aus;&GmtkyfpktwGif;&Sd &Gmrsm;rS&Gmol^&Gmom;pkpkaygif;tiftm;350jzifh refvnf?qnf&Gmum;vrf;wGif um;vrf;
aumif;rGefa&;twGuf oJ?ausmufrsm;csjcif;? a&ajrmif;jyKjyifwl;azmfjcif;? csHKEG,fydwfaygif;rsm;&Sif;vif;jcif;wkdYukd eHeuf7em&DrS
ukdrif;(tif;awmf)
10em&Dxd jynfolYtusdK;jyKvkyfief;rsm;waysmfwyg;vkyftm;ay;aqmif&GufMuaMumif; od&onf/

xD;vif;NrKd YrS wGicf w


kH iG f ud,
k w
f ikd x
f w
k v
f yk o
f nfaU rmfawmf,mOftm;
vuf0,fxm;olwpfO;D axmif'Pf^ aiG'Pftjyifarmfawmf,mOfyg
jynfolYb@mtjzpfodrf;qnf;cH&

rEav;wdik ;f a'oBuD;onf jrefrmEkid if w


H iG f qdik u
f ,ftoH;k jyKrItrsm;qH;k wdik ;f a'o
BuD;wpfckjzpfonfESifhtnD rEav;cdkiftwGif;&SdNrdKUe,frsm;wGif qdkifu,fu,f&D
vkyif ef;udk rdom;pkwpfEidk w
f pfyikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wpfct
k jzpf vkyu
f ikd v
f maeMuaMumif;
jynfBuD;wHceG Nf rdKUe,ftwGi;f &Sd qdik u
f ,fu,f&v
D yk if ef;jzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKol
wpfOd;uqdk onf/
if;u ]]uRefawmfwrYkd Eav;rSm wcsKdUtdref NYJ cHeYJ ud,
k yf ikd u
f m;eJu
Y ,
kd yf ikd pf ;D yGm;a&;eJY
aeusolawGawmif qdik u
f ,fu,f&v
D yk if ef;udk wpfEidk w
f pfyikd pf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;tjzpfeYJ
vkyu
f ikd v
f mMuw,f/ reuf(2)em&Davmuf awmifBuD;uum;awG0ifcsdeu
f ae reuf(9)
em&Davmuftxdqv
JG u
kd &f if tenf;qH;k (5000)?(6000)avmufusefw,f/ uRefawmfq&kd if
uRJqnfuefum;0if;uaeqGJw,f/ &efukefu c&D;onfum;awG0ifcsdef reuf(5)em&D
avmufuae aeYv,fyikd ;f 'grSr[kwf nae(5)em&Davmuftxdqv
JG u
kd &f if qDz;dk EkwNf yD;
ud,
k t
hf wGuf tenf;qH;k (8000)?wpfcgwav(10000)avmufusefw,f/ tqifajyawmh
qdkifu,fydkif&SdwJhvlwdkif;avmufeD;eD; 'Du,f&Dtvkyfudk rEav;rSmvkyfMuw,f}}[k
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
PK

rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;? *efYa*gcdkif?
xD;vif;NrdKUtrSwf(1)&yfuGufae OD;aX;
0if;tm; (1947)ckESpfoGif;ukef? xkwf
ukefBuD;Muyfa&;(,m,D)tuf Oya'yk'fr
5(1)t&?tvkyfESifhaxmif'Pf (3)vESifh
aiG ' Pf ( 50000d ^ -) ay;aqmif a p&ef ?
aiG'PfraqmifysufuGufuaxmif'Pf
(6)vuscHap&ef? oufaocHypn;f tif
*siftrSwf(2066046)wdk,dkwm 2c wm
bdt
k rsdK;tpm;tpdr;f Eka&mif*spfum;(1)pD;?
um;aomh ( 1)acsmif ; ? wk w f E d k i f i H v k y f
ADVANCE wHqy
d yf g 30 x 95 R 16 LT
trsdK;tpm;um;bD;ydkwpfvHk;wdkYudk t,lcH
&uf a usmf u jynf o l U b@mtjzpf o d r f ;
qnf;aponfhtrdefYudk (10?8?2012)&uf
aeYu *efYa*gNrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;? txl;&mZ
0wftmPmNrdKUe,fw&m;olBuD;a&Tjrifhtkef;
(w^2360)rStrdecYf srSwv
f u
kd af Mumif;pHpk rf;
od&Sd&onf/
(25?5?2012)&ufaeYuxD;vif; &J
pcef;rSL; &JtkyfMunfazESifhtzGJUu OD;aX;
0if;ydik *f spfum;tpdr;f Eka&mif;tm; ppfaq;
NyD;eHygwfr&S,
d mOfEiS yhf wfouf rSwyf w
kH if
xm;aompm&Gut
f axmuftxm;rsm; wif
jyEdik jf cif;r&Sad Mumif; ppfaq;awGU&S&d onfh
tjyif cGifhjyKrdefYwpfpHkwpf&mr&SdbJ jynfy
Edik if rH w
S if oGi;f vmcJah om,mOfjzpfaMumif;
od & ojzif h a X;0if ; tm;ta&;,l a y;&ef
&J t k y f M unf a zrS o wif ; csuf a &;zG i f h c J h N yD ;
xD;vif;&Jpcef;rS(y) 19^12jzifh zGiv
hf pS u
f m
xD;vif;NrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;odkY (18?8?2012)
aeYw&m;pGw
J ify&Ykd m jypfrBI uD;trSwf 65^12
jzifhvufcHcJhonf[kqdkonf/
xdt
k rIukd xD;vif;NrdKUe,fOya't&m
&Srd S *efaY *gcdik w
f &m;odYk H;k ajymif;avQmuf

xm;&mjypf r I q d k i f & mtaxG a xG r I t rS w f


2^12jzift
h rIwt
JG m;*efaY *g NrdKUe,fw&m;H;k
odkY Hk;ajymif;ppfaq;&eftrdefYcsrSwfojzifh
*efYa*gNrdKUe,fw&m; Hk;rSjypfrIBuD;trSwf
241^12 jzifhtrItm;(27?6?2012)&uf
aeYu trIvufcHppfaq;jcif;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
*efaY *gNrdKUe,f;kH rS ESpzf ufoufaocH
xGucf sufEiS hf oufaocHt axmuftxm;
rsm;t& trIwiG w
f ifjyxm;aomoufao
cHypnf;rsm;rSm ,mOf(armfawmf,mOf)jzpf
aeaMumif; ,mOftrsdK;tpm;rSmyDuif;*spf
tpdr;f Eka&mifjzpfaMumif;ay:aygufaMumif;?
,mOfwGifwyfqifxm;aomtif*sifrSm wdk
,dw
k m2c wmbdt
k if*siftrSwf (2066046)
jzpfNyD;taumufcGefrJhjzpfaMumif;ay:ayguf
aMumif;?cdkifHk;(yckuL)ukef;vrf;ydkYaqmif
a&;TeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme\ (1?6?2012)&uf
pGyJ g pmtrSwZf -1 r-423^12^1225t&
,mOfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;vnf;r&SdaMumif;
ay:aygufaMumif;?w&m;cHaX;0if;utcsif;
jzpf u m;rS m jynf y rS w if o G i f ; jcif ; r[k w f
aMumif ; ?tif * sif r S m jynf w G i f ; &S d w &m;0if

a&mif;csaomaumif;GefY?tif*sifESifhtydk
ypnf;a&mif;0,fa&;qdkifrS0,f,l prf;
oyfwnfaqmufcJhaMumif; vlrIa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;wGiftoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfaMumif;xkacs
aMumif;? xD;vif;&Jpcef;rSL;&JtkyfMunf
azuw&m;cHaX;0if;ydik f 2c wmbdt
k if*sif
trSwf(2066046)abmifeHygwfr&Sd *spf
um;tpdr;f Eka&miftm; ppfaq;&m,mOfEiS hf
ywfouf rSwfyHkwifxm;aompm&Gufpm
wrf ; taxmuf t xm;wif j yEd k i f j cif ; r&S d
aMumif;?cGijhf yKrdew
Yf pfpw
kH pf&mr&Sb
d J jynfy
EdkifiHrSwifoGif;vmcJhaom,mOfjzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&ojzifh aX;0if;tm;ta&;,lay;&ef
wdik w
f ef;cJ&h m wdkifcsufygtwdkif;cGifhjyKcsuf
r&SdbJ jynfyEdkifiHrSwifoGif;vmcJhaom
,mOfjzpfaMumif; ray:aygufaomfvnf;
jynfyEdkifiHrsm;rSxkwfvkyfonfh,mOf? puf
yp n f ; rsm;jzif h p k a ygif ; NyD ; jynf w G i f ;
w&m;cH a X;0if ; ud k , f w d k i f x k w f v k y f x m;
aom,mOf j zpf a Mumif ; ay:ayguf o nf
[koHk;oyfNyD;txufygtwdkif;trdefYcsrSwf
cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;pD&ifcsufESifhtrdefYt&
udkrdk;csdK (rif;bl;)
od&&dS onf/

a'oBuD; taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme
rS a':eef;oef;armftrnfjzifh xkwaf y;xm;
aom ESp(f 30)ajr*&efukd rEav;NrdKUawmf
pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDrS y,fzsufNyD;
a':eef ; cif o ef ; Munf t rnf j zif h (8?5?
2012)rS (7?5?2016)txd (10)ESp*f &efukd

(2011)ckESpf? w&m;rBuD;rItrSwf(119)\
'D*&Dtay: rEav;cdik w
f &m;H;k \ (2011)
ckEpS ?f w&m;rZm&Drt
I rSwf (339)rS twnf
jyKaqmif&GufEkdif&ef rEav;cdkifw&m;Hk;
\ 'kw,
d cdik w
f &m;olBuD;(1)H;k \ (26?7?
2012)&ufpyJG g ajrtyf0&rf;pmt& w&m;
NydKifa':eef;pdefyGifhaqmufvkyfxm;onfh
taqmufttHkudk zsufodrf; ajruGuf
tm; w&m;vd k a ':eef ; cif o ef ; Munf o d k Y
vufa&mufay;tyfap&ef trdefYcsrSwfcJh
aMumif;? ajrtyf0&rf;ESifhpyfvsOf; rE
av;cdik w
f &m;H;k rS 0&rf;twnfjyKaqmif
&GuEf idk &f ef (26?10?2012)&ufaeYoYkd &uf
csdef;wdk;jrifhay;xm;aomfvnf; (9?10?
2012)&ufaeYwiG f cdik w
f &m;H;k rS bDvpf
pma&;ESifh &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;? vkyfom;rsm;rS
0&rf;twnfjyKaqmif&GufcJhojzifh w&m;
NydKif a':eef;pdefyGifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifh a&TU
ajymif;Ekdifonfhypnf;tcsKdUtm; OypmrS
z,f&mS ;ajymif;a&TUay;cJ&h NyD; taqmufttHk
tm; zsuf o d r f ; jcif ; rjyK&ao;aMumif ; ?
w&m;r rlvrIEiS hf Zm&Drt
I ay: jynfaxmif

pkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfodkY (2012)ckESpf?
w&m;r taxGaxGavQmufvTm(txl;)
tjzpf avQmufxm;cJ&h m trItrSw(f 579)
tjzpf vufcx
H m;&SNd yD; (25?10?2012)&uf
wGif trItm; vufcHMum;emoifh^roifh
qH;k jzwf&efcsed ;f qdx
k m;&SNd y;D vnf;jzpfaMumif;?
w&m;NydKiftrsm;taeESifh Zm&DtrIqdkif;iHh
ay;Ekid &f efuv
kd nf; (15?10?2012)&ufwiG f
w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyfoYkd wifjyavQmufxm;
qJvnf;jzpfaMumif;? ,cktcg trIyg ESpf
xyfwu
kd t
f aqmufttHt
k m; zsuford ;f &ef
(17?10?2012)&ufaeYrS (10)&ufMum vHk
NcHka&;awmif;cHxm;aMumif;? &yfuGuftkyf
csKyfa&;rSL;rS ac:,lajymqdkojzifhod&SdcJh&
aMumif;? ,ckjzpfpOfrsm;ESifhywfouf
vnf; jynfoUl vTwaf wmfw&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k
a&;ESifh wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;aumfrwDodkY
(15?10?2012)&ufwGif wifjyavQmuf
xm;qJvnf;jzpfaMumif;? jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfodkYavQmufxm;onfh
(2012)ckEpS f w&m;r taxGaxGavQmuf
vTm txl;(179)\ tNyD;owfq;kH jzwfcsuf

r&&Srd D taqmufttHt
k m; NzdKzsuf&ygu
tpm;xk;d jyifqifr&Ekid af om epfemqH;k H;I rI
rsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&ifqdkifcHpm;Mu&rnfjzpf
aMumif;? wpfzuftrIonf (w&m;Ekdif)rS
vnf; nEd iId ;f aqmif&u
G &f ef urf;vSr;f xm;
&Sad Mumif;udk &yfuu
G t
f yk cf sKyfa&;rSL;rS vm
a&mufajymqdkvsuf&SdaMumif;? odkYjzpfyg
(2011)ckEpS ?f w&m;rZm&drt
I rSw(f 339)\
0&rf;twnfjyKrIaqmif&Guf&ef pDpOfxm;
&Srd rI sm;tm; acwqikd ;f iHx
h m;&Sad y;Ekid yf g&ef
toem;cHpmavQmufxm;csufukd reef;qdik f
rGefrS jynfolUvTwfawmfw&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;
a&;ESifh wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;aumfrwD
Ou|? rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU
0efBuD;csKyf? rEav;wdik ;f a'oBuD; vTwf
awmfOu|? jynfxaJ &;0efBuD;Xme? taxG
axGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme(Hk;csKyf)? rEav;
wdik ;f a'oBuD;? wdik ;f taxGaxGtyk cf sKyfa&;
OD;pD;XmeESihf oufqidk &f mNrdKUe,f? &yfuu
G f
tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;rsm;xHoYkd (16?10?2012)&uf
wGif ay;ydkYxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/

21-10-2012,Sunday

(2006)ckEpS w
f iG f xkwaf y;vdu
k o
f jzifh a':
eef;cifoef;MunfrS a':eef;oef;armfESifh
a':eef;pdefyGifhwdkYudk vufa&muf&vdkrI?
taqmuftOD;tm; zsufodrf;apvdkrIjzifh
w&m;pGJqdkcJhaMumif;? ajruGufydkifqdkifrI
tjiif;yGm;rItay: rEav;cdik w
f &m;H;k \

PK

15

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
jynfolY&ifjyifwGifusif;yonfh wif
armifqef;rif;0if; &GufxnfHkpifawmfzGifh
toHrsm;udk pkpnf;azmfjyvdkufonf/
OD ; qef ; 0if ;
tazwpf a ,muf t aeeJ Y t &rf ; 0rf ;
omwmayghorD;&,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh
olYtzdk;&JUtarGudkqufcHNyD;awmhxdef;odrf;
wJhoabmav;aygh/ tzdk;wkef;uvnf;
crf;crf;em;em;xnfxnf0g0geJY&Gufxnf
k H a v;ud k pNyD ; vk y f c J h w ,f / tck v nf ;
om;u 'D v k d r sd K ;av;vk y f w ,f q k d a wmh
t&rf;ukdyDwdjzpf&wmaygh/ om;&JUwDxGif
rIrmS bb&JUtBuHtpnfav;vJ ygwmaygh/
bbuajymzl;w,f/ om;&JUbkd;bdk;u&Guf
xnf k H u k d p NyD ; vk y f c J h w m/om;ud k v nf ;
jyefNyD;vkyfwmudk *kPf,lcsifw,fqdkNyD;
ajymcJhzl;wmaygh/ 'DaeYyGJav;rSm bbu
oDcsif;yJqdkr,f/ i,fi,fqdkcJhwJha'0p&m
wd?Yk aiGaomfwmqef;wdq
Yk akd y;r,f/ a&Tref;
taeeJYvnf;yGJav;wpfckvkyfzkdY jyifqif
aeygw,f/ y&dowfBuD;udk csjyzkdYBuKd;pm;
aeMuygw,f/
arwifarmifqef;rif;0if;
'D a eY y G J a v;ud k a zsmf a jz&wmaysmf y g
w,f / ru&wmvnf ; MumaeNyD a v/
tcktpfudkY&JU&GufxnfkHzGifhyGJqdkawmh y&d
owfBuD;eJYjyefawGU&r,fqdkawmh 0rf;om
ygw,f / bk d ; bd k ; a&T r ef ; wif a rmif v uf
xuf u wnf ; u pcJ h w J h & G u f x nf k H u k d
tck t pf u d k Y v uf x uf r S m jyef N yD ; topf
wpf z ef j yef v nf q ef ; opf E k d i f w J h t wG u f
*kPf,lygw,f/ 'DaeYyGJav;rSm tpfru
jrefrmoHyJqdkr,f/ bGm;bGm;BuD;a':odef;
nGefYqdkcJhwJhoDcsif;av;yJjyefqdkyghr,f/
OD ; rk d ; rif ;
ol Y u d k u arw m &S d N yD ; om;qk d a wmh
od y f N yD ; awmh a jymp&mr&S d y gbl ; / obif
twGufvkdtyfygw,f/ obiform;awG
tm;vHk;toHk;jyKEkdfifatmifqdkwJh &nf&G,f
csufav;eJYvkyfxm;wmqdkawmh *kPf,l
ygw,f/ 'DyGJav;rSm uRefawmfvufa&
wjyifwnf;qdkwJhoDcsif;av;qdkrSmyg/
ausmfausmfAdk
udkBuHhwdkYuvnf;obifrsdK;kd;yJav/
ud k , f h k d ; &muk d w d k ; wuf a tmif acwf e J Y
avsmf n D a tmif wnf x G i f B uH q Muwm
qd k a wmh 0 rf ; omw,f / ud k , f r S r vk y f E k d i f
wmav/ udk,frvkyfEkdfifwmudkolwkdYawG
vkyfEkdifw,fqdkawmh tHhMow,f/ 0rf;
omw,f/ om"kac:ygw,f/
zl;pHk
tpfukduajymw,f/ zsmawGvnf;
uk e f o G m ;NyD w J h / xd k i f c H k v nf ; uk e f o G m ;NyD
qd k a wmh t &rf ; 0rf ; omygw,f / 'D v k d
atmifjrifwmt&rf;0rf;omygw,f/ 'DaeY
yGaJ v;rSm zl;pHw
k u
Ydk yk*t
H uur,f/ aemuf
ESpfyg;oGm;xGufrSmyg/
cifav;EG,f
yG J a v;u &ef u k e f v l a wG ' D v k d y G J r sd K ;
Munfh&cJw,fav/ 'DyGJav;rSm ukdqef;
rif;u olU&JUtaygif;toif;awGeJY NrdKif
Nrd K if q d k i f q k d f i f a v;azsmf a jzwmqd k a wmh
t&rf;ukdaysmfzkdYaumif;ygw,f/ udk,fwdkif
uwpfcgrSrubl;zl;/ 'gyxrqHk;yJ/ wGJ
u&r,fo
h al wGuvnf; aruAsmwdzYk ;l pHw
k Ydk
qdak wmhujzpfomG ;wmyg/ t&rf;awmh cuf
w,f/ ajccsdK;vufcsdK;awGodyfruwwf
bl ; /oif a wmh o if x m;ayr,f h p if a &S U
a&mufawmhaMumufNyD;arhoGm;w,f/
aewk d ;
'DvdkyGJav;vkyfwm 0rf;omygw,f/
ol e J Y v J n D t pf u k d a wG v d k a ewmyJ q d k a wmh
'DvkdrsdK;Zmwfobifudk tqifhtwef;jrifh
atmifa&m olwZYkd mwfobifrmS &Sw
d hJ tcuf
tcJawGuw
kd pfae&meJw
Y pfae&m a&GUajymif;

16

&wJt
h cgrSm pifaqmuf&wJh tcuftcJawG
ukd enf;ynmeJaY ygif;vku
d w
f t
hJ cgrSm vG,f
vG,fululeJYcdkifcdkifrmrmav;y&dowfukd
azsmf a jzEk d i f w maygh / 'D v d k a zsmf a jzEk d f i f z k d Y
twGuf tBuHOmPfaumif;awGu uRef
awmf w k d Y c &D ; oG m ;xm;wJ h t usd K ;awG v k d Y
xifw,f/ olrsm;EkdifiHawGukdoGm;NyD;awmh
avhvmwJhtcgusawmhtjrifawG zvS,f
NyD;awmh pdwu
f ;l awG&wmaygh/ 'DyaJG v;u
awmh ol Y t wG u f y xrqH k ; &G u f x nf k H y G J
qd k a wmh uRef a wmf w d k Y v J 0 if a &muf

tm;jznfhNyD;awmh oDcsif;awGqdkay;rSmyg/
armifrsdK;rif;(&ifwGif;jzpf)
qef;rif;qdkwmtrSefawmh OD;rsdK;kwdkY
wifpm;&r,fqkd&ifawmh ESif;qD&JUyGifhzwf
wpfzwfygyJ/ usefwt
hJ yGiphf ?kH tvSpakH tmif
vkYd usefwrhJ if;om;?rif;orD;rusef tukef
vH;k 0ifNyD;awmh OD;rsdK;utp tm;jznfah y;
wmyg/ wpfcgwnf;y&dowftaeeJYvnf;
qef;rif;aemufrmS tm;vH;k &Sd aew,fqw
kd m
udjk ywmyg/ 'Dpifav;vkyw
f mvJ olU&JUwD
xG i f r I u d k j ywmyJ / trS e f a wmh v l i ,f

&w

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
qdkwm'DvkdyJjzpfae&r,fav/ orkd;us
vkyaf evkrYd &bl;/ud,
k cf spfwhJ Zmwfobif
ukdukd,fjrifhwifwmyJav/ tJ'gudkOD;rsdK;
wk d Y u tm;ay;&r,f / ol w wf p G r f ; o
avmuf e J Y w wf E k d i f o avmuf v k y f x m;
wm/ olb,favmufyifyef;w,fqdkwm
udk OD;rsdK;wkjYd rifae&wmyJav/ t&rf;udk
BudK;pm;wmuvJ oly&dowfukdxm;wJh
apwemyJ/ tJ'DapwemuolUudktusdK;
ay;rSmyg/y&dowfuvJolYudk tm;ay;Mu

wemOD ; vd I i f

rSmyg/
xGef;xGef;
bmyJjzpfjzpfZmwfobifqdk&if tck
atmfy&mawGvnf;uaew,f/ 'DvkdawG
u&efukefNrdKUrSm xJxJ0if0if'Dvdkazsmfajz
cGifh?MunfhIcGifhawGudk rjrifawGUcJh&ygbl;/
&SdcJh&ifvnf;&SdcJhrSmaygh/ 'DESpfxJrSmawmh
awmf a wmf a v;ud k p d y f v mygw,f / 'gu
vnf ; tm;vH k ; ajymif ; vJ v mwJ h a y:rS m
rlwnfygw,f/ 'gjrefrmhkd;&m,Ofaus;rI
ukx
d ed ;f odr;f wmaygh/
olvkyfxm;wJh 'Drdfk
bkdif;pwdwfav;u
jrefrmjynft&yf&yf
uk d v S n f h v nf a zsmf
ajzujyae&awmh
'D v k d a v;vk y f r ,f
qdk&if[kdrSmaqmuf
&r,f h t csd e f a &m?

p&d w f a &mtm;vH k ; ouf o mr,f a v/


a&GUvsm;qdak wmh 'DxufyNdk yD; ckifd cf efaY tmif
vkyfr,fvdkYvJxifygw,f/
&J a v;
udkqef;rif;twGuf*kPf,lygw,f/
&ef u k e f N rd K UrS m ol v k y f c sif a ewmawmf
awmfMumygNyD/ tckvkdolU&JU&nfrSef;csuf
atmifjrifomG ;wJt
h wGuf 0rf;omygw,f/
olY&JUpifav;uvJt&rf;ukd pdwf0ifpm;zkdY
aumif;ygw,f/ vkyfoifhw,fvkdYxifyg
w,f/ 'DxufykdNyD;crf;em;wmawGudkol
xyfvkyfOD;rSmyg/arQmfvnf; arQmfvifhyg
w,f/ vkyfMunfhNyD;rSvdktyfcsufawGukd
odvmrSmav/
aruAsm
olt&rf;BudK;pm;NyD; t&rf;ukdtyif
yef;cHxm;wJhyGJav;tckvkdatmifjrifwm
awGU&awmh 0rf;omygw,f/ 'DaeYyGJrSm
yk*HtueJYESpfyg;oGm;urSmyg/

qkyefxGm
'DaeYuq
kd ef;rif;yGrJ mS oDcsif;qdk
ay;rSmyg/ NyD;awmhwHcg;rSL;'wqdk
wJhatmfy&mav;urSmyg/ ol'Dvdk
atmif j rif w mud k 0 rf ; omygw,f /
'DxufydkNyD;atmifjrifygapvdkYvnf;
qkawmif;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh ryefu
tar&dum;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSm [kdrSm
qef;rif;eJaY wGUawmh olwyYdk aJG v;rSm
ryefudkac:uw,f/ &efukefa&muf
&ifvnf; ulnDay;ygqdkvkdY ryef
bufuulnDay;wmyg/
cspfpEkd;OD;
tpfru'DaeY ryefqDudkvm
wmyg/'Da&mufawmholi,fcsif;awG
tm;vH;k qHak ewm/ udq
k ef;rif;yGaJ v;
ut&rf;aumif;ygw,f/ 'DvZkd mwf
awGqdkwm&efukefrSmxuf e,frSm
vkyw
f mydrk sm;w,fav/ udq
k ef;rif;

21-10-2012,Sunday

qdw
k m t&ifu wnf;uemrnf&NdS yD;om;yJ
av/ olYy&dowftwGufvnf;tqifajy
oGm;wmaygh/
*sif;eD
t&rf;ukcd rf;crf;em;em;av;eJY t&rf;
rkdufw,fvkdYxifw,f/ 'DdvkdrsdK; wpfcg
rSvnf;r&Sdao;bl;qdkawmhav/ pifav;
uvnf;t&rf;aumif;w,f/ ZmwfuGuf
awGxJrSmqdkvnf; jrif;ysHpD;NyD;xGufvm
wmt&rf ; aumif ; w,f / topf a wG t
rsm;BuD;vkyfxm;ygw,f/
OD ; csrf ; om
OD;csrf;u tckrauG;wdkif; &Gmawmfu
aeyGJul;vmwmyg/ wHcg;rSL;'wudku&wm
vmbfay;?vmbf,ludppepfqdk;BuD;awG
ud k oa&mf x m;wJ h Z mwf x k w f v nf ; jzpf
w,f/ wl0&d;ESpfa,mufvHk;vnf;uvkdY&
wJZh mwfjzpfvu
Ydk jzpfomG ;wmyg/ &Gux
f nfHk
uawmh azazhacwfrmS u azazrwdik cf if
rSmvnf; obifynm&SiBf uD;awG&u
G x
f nf
kv
H yk cf MhJ uzl;ygw,f/ tvuFmausmfpmG BuD;
uawmh e*dkuwnf;urS tawG;tac:
tif r wef j rif h r m;wJ h y k * d K vf B uD ; qd k a wmh
olY&GufxnfkHBuD;ukd tqifhjrifhoGm;atmif
zefwD;wJhae&mrSm jrefrmy&dowftjyif oH
t&m&SdawG?oHrSL;awG vmMunfhavmuf
atmif u k d c rf ; em;BuD ; us,f c J h y gw,f /
,E & m;ck H B uD ; vk d Y v nf ; ajymvk d Y & ygw,f /
vQyf p pf t m;uk d r oH k ; yJ e J Y armif ; awG & J U
ukwt
f m;awGeYJ ZmwfcBkH uD;wpfcv
k ;kH ukd oH;k
yd k i f ; yk d i f ; NyD ; awmh q uf w if B uD ; awG u k d
jyifqifcJhwmyg/ tckbdk;at&JUajc&mukd
ajr;jzpfolueif;Ekdifw,fvkdY qdk&rSmyg/

'DvkdwDxGifrIawG[mvlwdkif;&JUESvHk;om;
xJrSmawmh&SdMuygw,f/ OD;csrf;qdk&ifb0
twkdif;twmaMumifhvkyfcsifayr,fh vkyf
cG i f h r &bl ; /OD ; csrf ; ay;qyf E k d i f w J h t &rf ;
tqifhjrifhwJhpwdwfpifynmawGudk vdkcsif
wJ h o l a wG & S d & if a y;Ek d i f y gw,f / ud k , f u
olYwdkYvkdvkyfEkdifcGifhr&Sdayr,fhvkyfcsifwJhol
awGuadk y;csifygw,f/ vkyEf idk w
f ahJ rmifwif
armifqef;rif;0if;udyk aJ emifwpfcsderf mS Zmwf
obifavmurSm wufnv
D ufnv
D yk v
f m
Muvd r f h r ,f v k d Y a rQmf v if h y gw,f / ol Y u k d
vJ*kPfjyKygw,f/
olxkl;pH
qef;rif;0if;uolyY u
JG v
kd mtm;ay;ygwJ/h
t&ifwkef;uvJqdkzl;w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY
abmvHk;wpfzGJYvHk;yJ/ i,fazmfqdkwJhoDcsif;
udq
k jkd zk pfwmu owd&vkyYd g/ uRefawmfu
e,frmS aecJah wmh 'Dvjkd refrmoHocD sif;awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;&if;ESD;w,f/ udk,f&wJhoDcsif;
udk,fqdkvdkufwmyg/ 'Dpifudkvnf; t&rf;
oabmusygw,f/ tqifajyygw,f/
&wemOD;vdIif

17

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

a&Tref;obif
wifarmifqef;rif;0if; &Gux
f nfykH JG

&efukefa&mufeef;awmfa&SYueef;cifarT;

wpfacwfwpfcgu wpfEkdifiHvkH;rSm vQrf;vQrf;awmufatmifjrifausmfMum;cJhwJhrif;orD;eef;cifarT;[m wifarmifqef;rif;


0if;&JU&GufxnfkHyGJrSm yg0iftm;jznfhulnDcJhwmudkawGU&ygw,f/ &efukefy&dowfeJYtaea0;ayr,fh,aeYtcsdeftxdy&dowfawGukd
xdef;xm;EkdifqJjzpfwJh eef;cifarT;eJYqHkcdkuf vwfwavmtEkynmvIyf&Sm;rIawGeJY wifarmifqef;rif;0if;&JU&GufxnfkHav; tay:xm;
wJhoabmxm;awGudk ar;jref;jzpfcJhygw,f/
]]tpfrutckrEav;rSmaew,fav/ a&Trif;orD;eef;cifarT;qdkwJhemrnfeJYtNidrfhuaeygw,f/ oDcsif;qdkw,f/'DyGJrSmygjzpfoGm;
wmuarmifqef;rif;uvGecf w
hJ w
hJ pfvavmufuwnf;u zke;f qufxm;wm/ ulnyD gqdNk yD;ajymvku
d u
f wnf;u 0rf;omNyD; ulnaD y;r,f/
tefwDhukd&ufomBudKajymqdk NyD;ajymxm;wm/ &uftwdtus&rSyGJvufcHzkdY&ufawGndvkdY&rSmav/ olwdkY&ufowfrSwfNyD;wJhtcgusawmh
zkef;qufvmwm/ NyD;awmhZmwfwdkufwmusawmh awmif'*HkrSmwdkufMuwmaygh/ tJ'DvkdZmwfwkdufMuuwnf;u nDtpfukdarmifESr
awGjyefawGU&Y wm/ toufawGvnf;BuD;vmMuNyDav/ 'Dtcsderf mS tukev
f ;kH eJjY yefawG&Y awmht&rf;udak ysmfp&maumif;wm/ i,fomG ;w,f/
wifZmrkd;0if;?[efBuD;wdkY?arwifarmifqef;rif;0if;wkdYudkawGUY&awmh i,fi,fwkef;u udk,fawGukdjyefawGY&ovkdyJ/ pMuaemufMu
eJYav/ tpfrwdkYwkef;uvJ armifESrutpfrwdkYyJ&Sdwmav/ eef;0if;? eef;cifarT;qdkNyD;awmh/ rkd;0if;?odef;aZmf?udkcsrf;om?rkd;rif; olwkdYawG
xJrSmudk,fwpfa,mufyJnDrygwm/ tukefvHk;aysmfaysmfyg;yg;eJYaecJhMuwmav/ tckuav;awGjrifawmh tJ'Duwnf;u i,fi,fu
ucJhwJhpkaygif;yGJt&omukd &aewm/ 'DvJa&mufvkdY y&dowfeJYvJawGYa&m pifa&SUa&mufwmeJY oufwrf;(30)omausmfw,f
tcktcsdefxd&ifckefwkef;yJ/ y&dowfudkvnf;aus;Zl;wifw,f/ wpfEkdifiHvkH;u jrifMu&wmav/ t&rf;vJaysmfygw,f/ obifqdkwm
uawmh wu,fvJqdkEkdif&w,f/ jrefrmvdkvJuEkdif&r,f/ Dancer vkdvnf;u Ekdif&r,f/ oDcsif;BuD;awG? idkcsif;awGvnf;
qdkEkdif&r,f/ tm;vHk;qHkrSZmwfrif;orD;jzpfwm/ tJ'gaMumifhZmwfrif;orD;uenf;w,f/ 'gayr,fhobifukdtckxdvlawGu tm;ay;
aeMuw,f/ wu,fu&ifwu,fMunfhwJhy&dowfukdvnf;aus;Zl;wifw,f/ 'DyGJvnf;t&rf;ukdatmifjrifygw,f/ 'D&Guf xnfkH
yGJvkyfvkdufwmt&rf;udkaumif;ygw,f/ wcsdKUe,fawGrSmZmwfcHkr&SdvdkY ru&wmrsdK;vnf;&Sdw,f/ jzpfovkdku&wmvnf;&Sdw,f/
'Dvdk&GufxnfkHav;vkyfvkdufw,fqdkawmhte,fe,ft&yf&yfudkvnf;ajcqefYuvkdY&wmaygh/ tEkynmwavSBuD;eJYa&Tc&D;qefY
vdkY&NyDaygh/ tpfr&JUazazudk,fwdkifuvnf; oGm;cdkif;wm/ azazOD;a&Teef;wifu tcktouf(87)ESpf&SdNyD/ usef;rmwkef;yJ/
tpfrwdkYvnf;bkd;bdk;BuD;eef;awmfa&SUq&mwif&JUtrSwfw&yGJvnf;vkyfOD;rSmyg/ tJ'DtwGufvnf;a&mufvmaygh/tpfrwdkY usawmh
pifay:uudpawGyJem;vnfwmav/ pifatmufuudpuawmhruRrf;usifbl;/yGJvkyfwmusawmhrvkyfwwfbl;av/ tJ'DtwGuf
uRrf;usifwJholawGeJYwdkifyif&OD;rSmyg/ armifqef;rif;ukdulnD&if;eJYy&dowfawGeJYvnf;awGU&w,f/ bkd;bdk;BuD;udpvnf;vmwdkifyif
wmyg/}}
r,foek ?f &wem

jrefrmEdik if \H yxrOD;qH;k

&efukef? atmufwkdbm (19)


jrefrmZmwfobifavmuwGif yxrOD;qHk; jynfhol&ifjyif jynfolYO,smOfwGif
usif;ycGifh&aom tvuFmausmfpGm a&Tref;OD;wifarmif\ajr; rif;om;BuD;qef;0if;\om;
wifarmifqef;rif;0if;\yxrqHk;wifqufazsmfajzonfh oHz&drfoHk;&GufxnfHkyGJukd
trsm;ESifhrwl xl;xl;qef;qef;aomtoGiftjyifrsm;ESifh (2012) atmufwkdbm (19)&uf
nae(6;30)tcsdef jynfolYO,smOfwGif;a&yef;Hka&SUuGufvyfwGif usif;yoGm;cJhaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/ tqkdyg&GufxnfHkonf ZmwfobifavmuwGif yxrqHk;aomHkjzpfNyD;
oHxnfrsm;ukdom oHk;xm; vG,fvifhwul jzKwfwyfEdkifNyD; o,faqmif&vG,fuljcif;?
tcsdeu
f ek o
f ufomjcif; ckid cf rhH t
I m;aumif;jcif;wkYd &Sad Mumif;od&&dS onf/ xkt
Yd jyif aemufcH
Back Ground ud k v nf ; LED Light Bond ud k t om;ay; toH k ; jyKxm;onf /
acwfrDwkd;wufvmonfhacwfpepfukdvkdufavsmnDaxGpGmjzifh Zmwfobifavmu
ukdvnf; tqifhtwef;rDrDusif;ycJhonf/
tqkyd u
JG dk xl;jcm;aomtjyiftqifrsm;tjyif jrefrmhZmwfobifavmu\ atmifjrif
ausmfMum;cJhaom Zmwfrif;om;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom qef;0if;?csrf;om?eef;0if;?rkd;0if;?
rkd;rif;wkdYeJYtwl rif;orD;BuD;eef;cifarT;wkdYuvnf; tm;jznhfif; Zmwfobife,fy,frS
vk y f a zmf u k d i f z uf r sm;jzpf M uonf h ZH [ d e f ; ?[ef Z mrk d ; 0if ; ?pG r f ; Zmenf ? wif Z mrk d ; 0if ; ?
arwifarmifqef;0if;?*sif;eD? oEmvif;? 'gvDvif;? aejcnfNidr;f csrf;wku
Yd vnf; yg0ifujy
azsmfajzay;cJhaMumif; kyf&Sif*Dwtodkif;t0kdif;rS aewkd;?ausmfausmfAkd?xGef;xGef;? (Examples) ?rkd;rkd;? &Jav;? rif;aoG;wkdYuvnf; tm;jznfhazsmfajzay;cJhaMumif;od&onf/
tqk d y gyG J u k d tEk y nme,f y ,f t oD ; oD ; rS 'gk d u f w mtu,f ' rD a rmif r sd K ;rif ;
(&if ; wG i f ; jzpf ) ok y f a qmif ' gk d u f w mMunf o m(yG J B ud K uf c if ) pmaytok d i f ; t0k d i f ; rS
q&mOD;0if;Nidrf;?q&mOD;jrwfcdkifwkdYuvnf; yGJcif;tv,fESif;rsm;tMum;wufa&mufcsD;
jrifhtm;ay;cJhaMumif;ukdvnf;awGY&onf/
tpkd;&opfvufxufwGif yxrqHk;usif;ycGifh&cJhonfh tqkdygyGJukd cef;em;qef;
jym;aomtoGit
f jyifrsm;aMumifv
h nf;aumif;? jrefrf mhqidk ;f 0kid ;f ukd om;Akw
d ifEh iS hf zk;d oBuFef
wkdYu ESpf0kdif;wNydKifwnf;toHk;jyKif;?aumif;uifBudK;rsm;toHk;jyK uuGufqef;
rsm;aMumifhif;? &efukefNrdKUwGif yGJiwfaeaom y&dowfwdkY\qEukd a&Tref;obif\
rsdK;qufrif;om;av;wifarmifqef;rif;0if;\&GufxnfHkyGJBuD;u tEkynm&Siftiftm;
pHkvifpGmjzifh tm;yg;w&azsmfajzwifqufoGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
ol&def

E-Mail Advetising udk Myanmar Web Studio rSpwifrw


d q
f uf
Myanmar Web Studioonf E-mail Advertising 0efaqmifrIudk
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f yxrOD;qH;k pwifrw
d q
f ufaomukrP
jD zpfNyD; tD;ar;vfrw
S qifh
aMumfjimjcif;uJhokdYaom Mail Advertising0efaqmifrIomru EdkifiHwum
pHcsdefpHEIef;rD0ufbfqdkufa&;qGJjcif;? Facebook Specialized Templatersm;
zefwD;ay;jcif;? Domain&Hostinga&mif;csay;jcif;? Online Survey& Research vk y f a qmif a y;jcif ; ? e-Businessrsm;wm0ef , l a qmif & G u f a y;jcif ;
paom tGefvdkif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk jcif;cRufr&Sd vufcHaqmif
&Gufay;aeaom Online Business & Web Service Company jzpfonf/
Mail Advertising(ok)Yd Mail Marketingi onf tDvufxa&mepfenf;ynmjzpf
aom E-MailpmydkYpepfjzifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;(okdY)xkwfukefypnf;rsm;udk vl
aygif;rsm;pGmod&Sd&ef ukefusp&dwfoufompGm aMumfjimEdkifaom aMumfjim0ef
aqmifrIjzpfonf/
Mail Advertising jzifhaMumfjimjcif;onf tjcm;aMumfjimcEIef;xm;rsm;
xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm oufomjcif;? Customer rsm;ESifhwdkufdkufxdawGU
Edkifjcif;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;(okdY)xkwfukefypnf;\ vdktyfaomwHkYjyefcsuf(Feed
Back)rsm;udk jyefvnf&,lEdkifjcif;? Promotion Eventvkyfjcif;rsm;uJhokdY
xkwfukefESifhywfoufaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk vlaygif;rsm;pGmodkY
tcsdefESihfwpfajy;nDowif;xkwfjyefEdkifjcif;? aMumfjim&cufcJaomxkwfukef
(Oyrm-Liquor)rsm;aMumfjimEdkifjcif;? 'pf*spfw,fenf;ynmudktoHk;jyKxm;
ojzifh Brand ESifhImagetm;cefYnm;apjcif;paomtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;pGm&
&SdEdkifygonf/
Myanmar Web Studio taejzifh ay;ykdYxm;aom E-mail Address rsm;

18

tm; oufqikd &f mtkypf k(Group)tvku


d cf x
JG m;jcif;?0ifa&mufzwfEI eI ;f ?
wHkYjyef ol(Reply) EIef;paomOD;a&rsm;udkvnf; tao;pdwfReport
wif E d k i f rnf j zpf N yD ; Producttm; Survey aumuf E d k i f a o;&m
ukefusp&dwfenf;enf;jzifh tusdK;tjrwf&Edkifrnfhwpfckaom Adk if w
H umE- mail Adververtising ServicersdK;jzpfNyD; Productudk Edi
tising pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD 'DZdkif;toGiftjyifvSypGmwifquf
oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
Website tao;pm; (Mini-Web Templates)uJhokdYvTihfwifEdkif
rnfjzpfNy;D ProducttwGuv
f kd tyfaomDatersm;? Linkrsm;tm; jynhpf kH
pG m wif q uf o G m ;Ed k i f r nf j zpf o nf / xd k Y j yif Special Customer
rsm;\owif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k Mail Advertising(ok d Y ) Mail
Marketing vkyfay;HkrQru Facebook, Google Pluspaom Social
Network rsm;wG i f y g apwem0ef a qmif r I t aejzif h a Mumf j imay;
oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; tao;pm;'DZdkif;jyifqifjcif;rsm;tm;tcrJh0efaqmifrI
ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ,aeYvloHk;rsm;aeonhf Facebookay:wGif
Special Templatewpfcktm; aps;EIef;csdKompGm0,f,lxm;jcif;jzifh
Face- bookrSwqifx
h ;l jcm;rI&pdS mG aMumfjimEdik yf gonf/ Myanmar Web
Studio onf tawmuf ajymifqHk;t&nftaoG;udkay; toifh
wifhqHk;aps;EIef;[laomrl0g'jzifhom vufcHaqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sd
ygonf/
NL

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

wGif
pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m pDrcH efcYJG rb
I mom&yfrsm;tm; t"duxm;oifMum;ay;vsu&f dS
SOLBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

udk&D;,m;EdkifiH? DaejeonNrdKU&Sd WOO


SONG UNIVERSITY\ wuodkvfcGJ
wpfckjzpfaom SOLBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS wGif EdkifiHaygif;(37)EdkifiHrS ausmif;
om;rsm; ynmoifMum;vsuf&SdNyD; tar&d
uef w u o d k v f r sm;\oif d k ; T e f ; wrf ;
twd k i f ; oif M um;yd k Y c say;vsuf & S d o nf /
SOLBRIDGE onf (90)&mck d i f E I e f ;
t*F v d y f b momjzif h o if M um;ay;aom
wu o d k v f j zpf o nh f t wG u f ud k & D ; ,m;
bmompum;rwwf a jrmuf x m;ol r sm;

vnf; oif,lEdkifovdk *syef? wkwf?


udk&D;,m;bmompum;rsm;udkvnf; tcrJh
oifMum;ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ WOOSONG
wuov
kd Bf uD;\ SOLBRIDGE INTERkd w
f iG f ydcYk srItm;vH;k
NATIONAL wuov
udk t*FvdyfbmomjzifhydkYcsNyD; urmausmf
emrnfBuD;ygarmursm;? NyD;jynfhpHkaom

oif M um;rI t axmuf t ul j yKyp n f ;


ud&d,mrsm;?trsdK;rsdK;aomEdkifiHwumqdkif
&m tar&duefEdkifiHrSoifdk;Tef;wrf;rsm;
twdkif; oifMum;ydkYcsvsuf&Sdum t"du
tm;jzifh pD;yGm;a&;qkid &f mpDrcH efcY rJG yI nm&yf
rsm;udkoifMum;ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif
urmwpfvTm;&Sdwuodkvfrsm;ESifh Net-

&Sif;vif;

a[majymrnf
SOLBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF
BUSINESS rS wuodkvf\

tao;pdwt
f csut
f vufrsm;ESihf
(2013-2014)ynmoif E S p f
twGuf Scholarship Program
rsm;taMumif; &Sif;vif;a[m
ajymyGu
J kd (2012)ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbm
(4)&ufwGif? aeYv,f(2)em&DrS
(4)em&Dtxd Parkroyal Hotel\ Padamyar Room-3cef;r
wG i f usif ; yjyKvk y f r nf j zpf
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
pdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm;tae
jzifh GMI-CDC, Building -C,
6th Floor, New Mingalar
Market, Mingalar Market
Compound, Corner of Set
Yone Rd and Banyardala Rd,
Mingalar Taung Nyunt T/S,
Yangon. Ph, 09-43074966, 09
5064526okdYqufoG,far;jref;

EdkifaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
NL

21-10-2012,Sunday

Student Exchange Program,


Double Degree Programrsm;vnf;&SdNyD;

pmoifESpf(2)ESpfNyD;ajrmufvQif owfrSwf
xm;aomt&nftcsif;jynhfrDomSOLB RIDGEES i h f c sd w f q uf x m;aom tar&d
uef?*syef?wkwfEdkifiHrsm;rS wuodkvfrsm;

okdYoGm;a&mufynmoifMum;Edkifrnfjzpf
onf/ SOLBRIDGEwGif pD;yGm;a&;qdkif
&mpD r H c ef Y c G J r I b mom&yf r sm;jzpf M uaom
BBA(Bachelor of Business Admini straiton) ESifh MBA(Master of Business Admistraiton) wd k Y u d k o if M um;ay;
vsuf&SdNyD; BBAtwGuf (4) ESpfoifwef;?
MBA twG u f ( 2)ES p f o if w ef ; jzpf o nf /
SOLBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL OF BUSINESSonf EdkifiH

wumtqih f r D w u o d k v f w pf c k j zpf N yD ;
DHL, SAMSUNG SDS, TDA, DRUCKERpaomuk r P D B uD ; rsm;ES i h f c sd w f q uf

xm;onhftwGuf ausmif;NyD;yguvnf;

tvky&f Edik &f eftcGit


hf vrf;rsm;pGm&Syd gonf/
o d k Y y g a o m a M u m i h f SOLBRIDGE
wuokdvfrSausmif;om;?ausmif;olrsm;
onf urmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;rSvkyfief;rsm;?
tpk d ; &tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;?ynma&;tzG J U
tpnf;rsm;rS 0g&ifhrsm;xHrSvufqifhurf;
aomuGef,ufrsm;udk taumiftxnf
azmf u mur m h E d k i f i H t oD ; oD ; &S d v l r sm;ES i f h
twlpGrf;aqmifEdkifNyD; taumif;qHk;aom
pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;jzpfvmapEdkifonfhSOLB RIDGEwu o d k v f r S jref r m&J U tem*wf
vli,frsm;twGuf aEG;axG;pGmBudKqdv
k suf
&Sdygonf/
NL

(4)Burd af jrmuftbd"rmoifwef;zGiyhf EJG iS q


hf ak y;yGt
J crf;tem;usi;f y

SOLBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS rS
ScholarshipProgramrsm;taMumif;

work csdwfqufxm;NyD; q&mESihfausmif;


om;zvS,fa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk vufawGU
aqmif&u
G v
f suf&o
dS nf/ xdjYk yif Internship, Team ProjecttrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudkvnf;
t*Fvyd b
f momudt
k ajccHjyKNyD;ausmif;om;
rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fwGifydkrdkvG,ful
aumif;rGefap&efvufawGUaqmif&Gufap
ygonf/

rdk;nif;? atmufwdkbm (10)


ucsif j ynf e ,f ? rd k ; n i f ; Nrd K Ue,f ? pd r f ; &wemrG e f
(ajrmuf)&yfuGuf aZ,smoD&dAdrmef"rmHkwGif (4)Budrf
ajrmuf t bd " r m oif w ef ; zG i f h y G J E S i f h t bd " r m pmar;yG J
atmif&ifaoG;i,frsm;tm;atmifvufrw
S f csD;jriahf y;yGJ
tcrf;tem;udk atmufwb
kd m(7)&uf nae(4)em&D tcsed f
wGifusif;yjyKvkyfonf/
tcrf;tem;odeYk m;cga'opdwt
f yk cf sKyfa&;rSL;OD;nGeYf
a&TESifhtzGJU0ifrsm;tbd"rmoifwef;q&mOD;uHat;ESifh
oifwef;om;?oifwef;olrsm;?zdwfMum;xm;aom {nfh
onfawmfrsm; 0wf&GwftzGJUrsm;wufa&mufMuonf/
tcrf;tem;tm;earmw(3)Budrf&GwfqdkzGifhvSpf
&wem(3)yg;tm; uefawmhMuonf/if;aemufaZ,sm
oD&dAdrmef"rmHka*gyuOu|OD;armifudkESifhtbd"rm oifwef;q&mOD;u Hat;wdkYrStrSmpum;ajymMum;cJhonf/if;aemuf
jynfe,ftqifhtbd"rmpmar;yGJwGif yxrqk&&Sdol(1)OD; ESifhdk;dk;atmifjrifol(18)OD;wdkYtm; atmifvufrSwfrsm;csD;jrifhum
pdrf;&wemrGef(ajrmuf) &yfuGufrSL;OD;armifxGef;rSaus;Zl;wifpum;jyef vnfajymMum;cJhonf/xdkYaemuf0wf&GwftzGJUrSr*Fvokwfudk
&GwfqdkcJhMuNyD;aemuf Ak'omoeHpd&Hwd|wk(3)Budrf&Gwfqdkkyfodrf;chJMuonf/(4)Budrfajrmuftbd"rmoifwef;odkY oifwef;ol?
opm(rdk;nif;)
oifwef;om;(32)OD;wufa&mufum oifwef;umvrSm(1)vMumjrifhrnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/

aw;pD;&D;xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdvdkolrsm;? tacGatmf'grSm,la&mif;csvdkolrsm;ESifh
fh ufo,
G Ef ikd f
tqdak wmfopfrsm;Bo Bo Entertainment Music Production ESiq
aw;cspfoly&dowfrsm;ESifhtqufrjywfxdawGUcJhonfh Bo Bo Ent- ertainment rSxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdrnfh ]]a&SmhcfADpD'D?'DAD'D}}
]]csD;,m;pfADpD'D? 'DAD'D}} ]]cspfcGifhay;ygADpD'D?'DAD'D}}rsm;udk rMumrDrSmyJ aw;cspfolrsm;a&SUarSmufudk a&muf&SdvmawmhrSmjzpfygw,f/
'ghtjyif]]a&TFM(3)ESpfjynhftxdrf;trSwfADpD'D?'DAD'D}}udkvnf; jzefYcsdEdkif&eftwGufpDpOfxm;&Sdaeovdk aemufxyftacGopfrsm;pGm
udkvnf; xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdEdkif&efpDpOfxm;NyD;jzpfygojzifh tacGatmf'grSm,la&mif;csvdkolrsm;?tacGxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdvdkolrsm;taejzifh
Bo Bo Entertainment Music Production odkYqufoG,fEdkifygw,f/tqdkawmfopfrsm;taejzifhvnf; rdrdwdkY\aw;oDcsif;rsm;
jyovdkygu Bo Bo Music Production Hk;cef;-trSwf(34)?ajrnDxyf?(101)vrf;?r*FvmawmifGefYNrdKUe,fodkYvma&mufay;ykdYEdkif
ygw,f/xdt
Yk jyifBo Bo Music Production taejzifh aw;pD;&D;tacGrsm;udt
k prStqH;k pDpOfay;jcif;?pmaypdppfa&;ESihf ADp'D q
D ifqmwif
ay;jcif;rsm;?aw;pD;&D;pDpOfxkwfvkyfay;jcif;?aw;pD;&D;tacG Billboard rsm;jyKvkyfay;jcif;?tacGydkrkd;&Sif;ESifhvufrSwfxdk;yGJrsm;?
pme,fZif;&Si;f vif;yGrJ sm;pDpOfay;jcif;?ADp'D D u
kd u
f ;l ay;jcif;trsdK;rsdK;udk rdrBd udKufEpS o
f uf&m'gdu
k w
f mrsm;jzifph pD Ofay;rnfjzpfNyD; tacGjzefY
NL
csdvdkolrsm;taejzifh Bo Bo Music Production okdYqufoG,fpHkprf;EdkifaMumif;od&Sd&ygw,f/

19

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

uomNrdKYe,fwGif(12)ESpft&G,frdef;uav;tm;t"rjyKusifUowfjzwfrI
tbdk;t&if;jzpfoludkrw&m;zrf;qD;xm;jcif;tay: tbGm;jzpfolu
rEav;wGifowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJjyKvkyf

rEav; pufwifbm(5)
(6?7?2012)aeY eHeufu ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f
uomNrdKUe,f tif;&GmwGif udkrsKd;rif;oefY
(bOD ; jra'gif ; +a':wif j r)+rBud K if ( b)
OD;Nird ;f wd\
Yk orD; rvSv(S 12)ESpt
f m; tif;&Gm
vrf;cG&J dS udo
k ef;aZmf\ BuHcif;twGi;f wGif
t"r j yKusif h o wf j zwf c H & rI j zpf y G m ;cJ h N yD ;
tbkd;jzpfol OD;jra'gif;(c)atmifrdk;tay:
tif;&Gm&Jpcef;u (y)77^2012 jypfrq
I ikd &f m
Oya'yk'rf (302)t& trIziG zhf rf;qD;ta&;
,lxm;aMumif;od&ygonf/
xdktrIESifhywfouf tbGm;jzpfol
a':wifjrESifhOD;av;jzpfol OD;pkd;vGifwdkYu
t&G,rf a&mufao;onfh ajr;rav; t"r
jyKusihfowfjzwfcHcJh&rIESifh tbdk;jzpfol
ODjra'gif;(c)atmifr;kd (57)ESpu
f rkd w&m; zrf;

qD ; ES d y f p uf 0 ef c H c d k i f ; cH & jcif ;
tay:trSefw&m; tjrefqkH;
ay:aygufa&;twGuf DVB,
RFA,SKY net owif ; axmuf r sm;(88)
ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;ESifhtxufjrefrm
EdkifiHowif;orm;rsm;tm; csrf;at;ompH
NrdKUe,f? 30+71vrf;axmifhpm;aomuf
qkid w
f iG f (5?10? 2012)aeY aeYv,f(12)
em&Du awGUqkH&Sif;vif;yGJjyKvkyfcJhygonf/
xdktrIudk wkdif;a'oBuD;wm0ef&Sdol
rsm; pdwf0ifwpm;vma&mufNyD;(&uf20)
twGif;pkHprf;ppfaq;jcif;?trIwnfaqmuf
jcif;rjyKbJ aus;vufawm&Gma'oxkH;pH
a&S;d;k t,ltqrsm;ok;H NyD; 1/atmufvrf;
ewfq&mOD;atmifjrifh (a&TbkHom&Gm)?2/
OD ; tk H ; (ewf t k H ; )tv,f u Ref ; &G m ? 3/ud k ;

ocsKif;jyefq&mjrifharmifarmifwkwfwef;
av;&yf?tr&yl&NrdKUwkdYudk 'k&Jtkyfaomif;
xdkufOD;rSyifhzdwfewfar;&ma':tkH;Munf
(um,uH&Sifrsm;apcdkif;xm;jcif;r&Sd? aoG;
rawmfom;rpyfbt
J avmif;awGU&m ae&m
wGifewfyGJjyifay;aeol)\ ewfyl;xGuf
qdkcsuft&[kvnf;aumif;? vltrsm;ESifh
vk d u f v H & S m azG M upOf t avmif ; ud k &S m
rawGU&bJ vufcw
k w
f azgifceft
Y jrifh BuH
cif;vrf;usOf;usOf;xJwef;wef;rwfrwf
oGm;NyD;tavmif;udkjyay;oludkq,fjym;?
&J w yf z G J U 0if u d k r sKd ; wif h E S i f h u d k j rif h 0 if ; wd k Y r S
wpf&mG wnf;ae reef;oJZmtm; aiGay;rnf

udrk if;udEk idk Of ;D aqmifaom (88)rsK;d qufausmif;om;rsm;\


Nird ;f csr;f a&;ESiUf yGiv
Uf if;vlt
h zGYJ tpnf; azmfaqmifa&;tzGYJ
ompnfNrKd Ye,ftwGi;f &Sd a'ocHjynforl sm;ESiaUf wGYqHk
(88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;\ Nidr;f
csrf;a&;ESifh yGifhvif;vlUtzGJUtpnf;azmf
aqmifa&;tzGJUrS ompnfNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd
a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;yGifhvif;pGm
awGUqkn
H Ed iId ;f aqG;aEG;yGu
J kd atmufwb
kd m
(4)&uf eHeuf(9)em&Du NrdKUe,fcef;rwGif
jyKvkyfonf/ awGUqkHndEdIif;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif
a&S;OD;pGm Ekid if aH wmftvHEiS hf usqk;H avNyD
aomtrsKd;om;acgif;aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;ESifhtmZmenfacgif;aqmifrsm;
ukd tav;jyKMuNyD; aemufacwftquf
qufrmS 'Dru
kd a&pD&&Sad &;twGuf wdu
k yf JG

0if&if; usqkH;oGm;Muonfh &[ef;&Sifvl


jynfolaygif;ESifh ausmif;om;ausmif;ol
rsm;tm; *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh (1)rdepf
NidrfoufrIjyKvkyfMuonf/
qufvuf (88)rsKd;qufausmif;
om; udx
k eG ;f jrifah tmifu Nidr;f csrf;a&;ESihf
yGiv
hf if;vlUtzGUJ tpnf;wGif vdu
k yf gvmMu
onfh udrk if;udEk idk ?f udu
k Bkd uD;(prf;acsmif;)?
ud*k sirf ?D udNk yKH;csK?d udu
k Ekd idk ?f udx
k ufatmif?
udkausmfaZm? reef;at;armf? rarcsKd?
rrm,m? rrD ; rD ; ? reD v mod e f ; wd k Y E S i f h
wufa&mufvmMuonfh a'ocHNrdKUvlxk
tm; rdwfqufay;onf/
xdkYaemuf(88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;
udkrif;udkEkdif? udk*sifrDwdkYu 'Drdkua&pD
&&Sda&;twGuf BudK;pm;aqmif&GufcJhykHrsm;

20

ESihf awGUBuHKcHpm;cJ&h onfh b0yH&k yd rf sm;udk


ajymMum; wuf a &muf v mMuonf h
a'ocHjynfolrsm;\ &ifwGif;cHpm;csuf
wifjyvmcsufrsm;udk rSwfom;NyD;txuf
wm0ef&ydS *k Kd vfBuD;rsm;tm; wifjyay;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; uwdjyK&Si;f vif;ajymMum;
oGm;onf/
ompnfNrdKUe,ftwGif; 'Drdkua&pD
vdkvm;ESpfoufola'ocHjynfolvlxku
udrk if;udEk idk Ef iS hf tzGUJ tm;NrdKUwGi;f vrf;ab;
0J?,m wpfavQmufrSNrdKUe,fcef;rtxd
vdu
I v
f pJS mG Budq
kd yef;uk;H rsm;pGy
f *kPjf yK
tm;ay;cJhMuonf/
&Jvif;xuf(ompnf)

[k pnf;k;H NyD; rw&m;xGuq


f ckd idk ;f &m reef;
oJ Z mrS jywf j ywf o m;om;jiif ; qd k v k d u f
jcif;?ewfq&myifhNyD;rdrfdtdrfwGifewfar;zdkY
vufcHaqmif&Gufay;ol udkcspfodef;wdkY\
oHo,jzpfzG,f&mrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymjy
um (2?10?2012)aeYpEJG iS hf 'k0efBuD;Adv
k rf LS ;
csKyf a usmf a usmf x G e f ; (jynf x J a &;0ef B uD ;
Xme)odkY ay;ydNYk yD; uomcdik &f w
J yfzUJG rSL;ESihf
ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfOD;om
at;wdkYxHay;ydkYaomrdwLtrIwGJ rdwLpm
trSwf 613^0x(aoG;)2012t& OD;jr
a'gif;ykq
k ;kd wGio
f u
k yf ;kd rawGU&Sad Mumif; "mwk
aA'0ef\pmrdwL?rqvacwfrS ,aeY

txd aus;&Gmtkycf sKyfa&;wm0ef,cl o


hJ nfh
yk*dKvf(4)OD;rS OD;jra'gif;\tusifhpm&dw?
vlraI &;azgufjyefjcif; uif;&Si;f aMumif;ESihf
trItcif;uif;&Sif;aMumif; tmrcHonfh
axmufcHpm(4)apmifwdkYudk jyo&Sif;vif;
ajymMum;NyD; rSefuefonfhw&m;pD&ifa&;?
trI r S e f t jref q k H ; ay:ayguf a pa&;wd k Y
twG u f pwk w r @d K if j zpf o nf h r D ' D , m
orm;rsm;rS 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnaD y;Ekid Mf uzdYk ajym
qdk&Sif;vif;oGm;cJhygonf/
vlrqefbJ&uf&ufpufpufjyKusifh
cJ h o nf h , if ; vk y f & yf u sL;vG e f o G m ;cJ h r I u d k
vlwdkif;pdwf0ifpm;vsuf&SdNyD; ajrmufydkif;
ausmif ; om;wyf r awmf ( ABSDF)owf
jzwfrIwGif owfjzwfcHcJh&olaygoGyf(c)
atmifjrifhxGef;ESifhbaxG;awmfpyfolOD;jr
a'gif ; (c)OD ; atmif r d k ; rw&m;zrf ; qD ; cH a e
&rItwGuf ]]ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;\rl
t&}} qufEG,fyg0ifywfoufulnD&jcif;
jzpfaMumif;? trIrSefay:aygufa&;twGuf
tpGr;f ukeBf udK;pm;ulno
D mG ;rnf[k ausmif;
om;a[mif;rsm;ukd,fpm;ukdnDnDausmfrS
vnf; tav;teufxyfrHajymMum;cJhyg
OD;OD;Nidrf;(Aef;armf)
onf/

&rnf;oif;NrKd eY ,f aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf
rdb
k idk ;f vfw,fvzD ek ;f rsm;t&pfus
aiGacspepfjzifaU &mif;csa&; aqG;aEG;
aus;vufa'ozGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf qufoG,fa&;pmwdkufESifhaMu;eef;
0efBuD;XmejrefrmhqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rSt&pfusaiGacspepfjzifh G SM (2.73G)
rkb
d idk ;f vfw,fvzD ek ;f rsm; a&mif;csay;rnft
h pDtpOfaqmif&u
G n
f Ed idI ;f aqG;aEG;jcif;udk
rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;&rnf;oif;NrdKU taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmepkHnDpka0;
cef;rwGif (7?10?2012)aeY eHeufujyKvkyfcJhonf/
OD ; nT e f Y q ef ; xG e f ; acw ? Nrd K Ue,f t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;ES i f h j ref r mh q uf o G , f a &;
vk y f i ef ; cd k i f r ef a e*smOD ; nd K armif w d k Y r S a us;vuf a 'ozG H U Nzd K ;a&;twG u f Ek d i f i H
awmfrSrdkbkdif;vfw,fvDzkef;rsm; t&pfusaiGacspepfjzifh a&mif;csrnfhtpDtpOf
ueOD;a&mif;csay;rnhf &Gmrsm;? zkef;vdkcsifaomolrsm; pm&if;Z,m;jyKpka&;ponfh
tpDtpOfrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymMum;aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
&rnf;oif;NrdKUe,f &yfaus;tkyfpk (14)pkrSaqG;aEG;yGJodkY wufa&mufvmMu
aom &yf^aus;tkycf sKyfa&;rSL;rsm;u rdb
k ikd ;f vfw,fvzD ek ;f t&pfusaiGacspepf jzifh
a&mif;csrnfhtpDtpOfESifhywfouf odvkdonfrsm;udk ar;jref;&mNrdKUe,facw
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;nTefYqef;xGef;ESifhcdkifqufoG,fa&;refae*smOD;ndKarmifwdkYu jyef
vnfajzMum;aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
]]t&pfusaiGacspepfjzifh 0,f,lwyfqif&mwGif
usyf(2)odef;wef GSM (2.75G) rdkbkdif;w,fvDzkef;wpfvkH;twGuf ueOD;
aiG(av;aomif;usyf)ay;oGif;apNyD; usefaiG(wpfodef;ajcmufaomif;usyf)udk
wpf & pf v Qif (usyf w pf a omif ; )EI e f ; jzih f vpOf a y;acs&rnf [ k o d & NyD ; rd k b d k i f ;
w,fvzD ek ;f ueOD;wyfqifEeI ;f xm;ajymif;vJavsmhcsowfrw
S cf yhJ gu tqkyd gajymif;vJ
avsmhcsowfrSwfaom EIef;xm;topftm; cHpm;cGifh&Sd&rnf[kod&onf/
&rnf;oif;NrdKUe,ftwGi;f wGif yxrOD;pGm 19&GmtwGuf pwifaqmif&u
G af y;
rnfjzpfNyD;? 'kw,
d tpDtpOft& xyfr&H mG 17&Gm pkpak ygif; 36&GmtwGuf pDpOfxm;
onf[kod&NyD; zkef;tm;vkH;ta&twGuf uefYowfrIr&Sd[kod&onf/
rif ; xuf t mumvd I if (&rnf ; oif ; )

MONITOR
NEWS JOURNAL
Phone: 09 -73204192, 09-73203273, 09-5502618

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

]yef;waemfNrKd Ye,f? yoG,af us;&Gmtkypf k


NLD &yf^aus;qkid ;f bkww
f if H;k cef;zGi}hf

ompnfNrdKUe,fukef;awmif; aus;&Gmu
acwfopftcspf'*D&dvli,fwpfOD;\ tcspfBuD;yHku
rdrdarwm&Sdaeoludk tBudrfBudrfcspfpum;vdkufajymaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&
&Sdonfhtjyif atmifoG,fjzifhajymcdkif;aomfvnf;jyefvnf arwmrrQonfhtwGuf
tcspfBuD;NyD; aemufq;kH rdrt
d ifrwefjrwfE;kd oluykd if rpm;&onft
h rJ oJEiS yhf ufonfh
taejzifh rsufEmS ? aygif? vufarmif;? wifyg;wdu
Yk kd ykvif;ESix
hf ;kd cJo
h nfjzpf&yf rIcif;wpfck
ompnfNrdKUe,fuek ;f awmif;aus;&GmwGif Zlvikd (f 18)&ufaeYeeH ufujzpfymG ; cJah Mumif;od&
onf/ jzpfpOfrSm ompnfNrdKUe,fukef;awmif;&GmrS rauoDEG,f(b)OD;arT;Munf(23ESpf)
rdwv
D mwyfrawmfcsnfrQifpufrHk 0S efxrf;onf Zlvikd (f 18)&ufeeH uf(7)em&Dcefu
Y wpf&mG
wnf;ae racsmpkEiS t
hf wlpufo
Hk t
Ykd vkyq
f if;&ef &GmrSxu
G v
f mMupOf &Gm\awmifbuf&dS
odrfawmfukef;bk&m;teD;ta&mufwGifwpf&Gmwnf;ae pdk;oufOD;(b)OD;pdk;vdIif(26ESpf)
ESifhtrSwfrxifawGUcJhMuonf/
xdkodkYtrSwfrxifawGUqHkcdkufwGif pdk;oufOD;u rauoDEG,ftm; olUarwmudk
vufcHyg&efa&SUrSwm;qD;ydwfyifajymqdkaeojzifhrauoDEG,fu vufrcHEdkifaMumif;?
aemifuv
kd nf; vdu
k rf aESmuf,u
S &f ef? qufvufaESmuf,u
S af eygu vlBuD;rsm;ESiw
hf ikd f
ajymrnf[ak jymvdu
k &f m pd;k oufO;D rSm&Supf w
d rf eT Nf yD; tcspfpw
d af ygufurJG jI yif;xefvmum
rauoDEG,fudk0ifzufNyD; toifhygvmonfhykvif;uGJjzifhwpfudk,fvHk;tESHYxdk;&m rau
oDEG,fwGif 0Jbufyg;? 0Jbufaygif?0Jbufvufarmif;?0Jbufvufarmif;? 0Jbuf
wifyg;wdkYwGif 'Pf&mrsm;&&Sdojzifh NrdKUe,fjynfolaq;kHBuD;wGif twGif;vlemtjzpf
wufa&mufuo
k ae&onf/ ,if;jzpf&yfEiS yhf wfouf rauoDE,
G rf w
S &m;vdk jyKvky
f
ompnf&Jpcef;wGiftrIzGifhwdkifwefcJh&m ompnf&Jpcef;rS(y)-(168^2012) jypfrIqdkif&m
yk'rf -(324^354)t& trIziG t
hf a&;,lNyD;? trIwnfaqmuf ompnfNrdKU e,fw&m;ko
H Ykd
&Jvif;xuf(ompnf)
w&m;qGq
J w
kd ifyx
Ykd m;aMumif;od&onf/

pdwaf 0'emonf wpfO;D acsmif;twGi;f a&qif;csKd ;&mrSa&epfaoqH;k


a&eHacsmif;NrdKU? yif;acsmif;twGi;f pdwu
f sef;rma&;raumif;olwpfO;D a&qif;csdK;&m
rS a&epfaoqHk;rIjzpfyGm;cJhonf/ pHkprf;od&Sd&onfhjzpfpOftusOf;rSm (25?9?2012)aeY
eHeuf (9;45)em&Dtcsdecf efu
Y oH;k q,fah jcmufaus;&Gm(b)OD;jrode;f \om; ausmfopl ;kd (24)
ESpaf csmif;twGi;f EGm;ausmif;vmpOf yif;acsmif;wHwm;taemufzufuu
kd f (200)ceft
Y uGm
oJaomifct
H v,fwiG f t0wftpm;rygaom vlaotavmif;wpfavmif; arSmufvsuf
taetxm;jzifh aoqHk;aeonfudkawGU&Sd&ojzifh&Jpcef;odkY taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/
vufrSwfukef;&Jpcef;rSacwpcef;rSL; 'k&Jtkyfatmifrdk;ausmf?oHk;q,fajcmufaus;&Gm
tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; OD;ausmfO;D ?*sKyfyifaus;&Gmtkycf sKyfa&;rSL;? OD;&JviG w
f t
Ykd cif;jzpf&yfoYkd oGm;
a&mufppfaq;&m aoqH;k olrmS ola|;uke;f 'dik ef ,f? ,mBuD;jyif&yf(b) OD;jrifah usmf\om;
rif;rif;axG;(c)ykMu,ftouf (30)ESpfpdwfusef;rma&;raumif;oljzpfNyD; jyify'Pf&m
'Pfcsufrsm;rawGU&S&d yJ aoqH;k aeonfuakd wGU&onf/ if;aemuf&v
J yk if ef;rsm;jynfph pkH mG
aqmif&GufNyD; aq;pmESifhtwltavmif;tm; "rwmtwdkif;aoqHk;jcif;[kwfr[kwf
ppfaq;&ef jynfolUaq;HkBuD;odkYydkYvdkufNyD; vufrSwfukef;&Jpcef; 'k&Jtkyfodef;xG#frS
aorIaocif;trSwf 1^2012jzifhtrIzGifhta&;,laqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf[kod&onf/
jynfh

rD;&xm;oHvrf;ay:tdyfaysmfaeaom vlESpfOD;&xm;wdkufrdaoqHk;
(2012)ckESpf pufwifbmv(25)&ufeHeuf(00;40)em&DwGif rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;
NrdKUopfNrdKUe,f NrdKUvkvifblwmawmifbuf rdkifwdkiftrSwf(301^4-3) vlESpfOD;tdyf
aysmfaepOf BuD;eD-ysOf;rem;(106) tpkeaf vmfu,f&xm; jzifh wdu
k rf ad o;qH;k oGm;aMumif;
od&onf/ tqdyk gvlEpS Of ;D &xm;wdu
k af oqH;k jcif;rSm (106)tpkeaf vmfu,f &xm;onf
NrdKUvkvifbw
l mrS pufwifbm(25)&uf (00;35)em&DwiG x
f u
G cf mG vm&m (00;40)em&D
vrf;tajzmifw
h iG f rdik w
f ikd t
f rSw(f 301^4-3) ta&muf<uufx;kfd toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
jyKolrsm;[k,q
l &aom ae&yfEiS t
hf rnfrod toufEpS q
f ,fausmf0ef;usif trsdK;om;
ESpOf ;D rSm &xm;oHvrf;ay:tdyaf ysmfaepOf &xm;armif;olrS t&Sed jf yif;aeNyDjzpf OMoqGJ
b&dwt
f yk af omfvnf; rvGwu
f if;um&xm;Budwaf oqH;k rIwpfO;D rSm arSmufvsuftae
txm; wifyg;pHEk iS hf nmajcaxmufjywfBudwf ao;qH;k ovdk usefwpfO;D rSm b,fajc'l;
acgufatmuf jywfawmufb,fbufvufjywfaoqHk; &xm;vdkufvHkNcHK a&;&Jwyf
om; ausmfp;kd ? &Jwyfom; ausmfaZ,smrif;? pufacgif;armif; OD;cifarmifcspf? vufrw
S pf pf
OD;oufcikd ?f &xm;vdu
k yf gq,fpma&;OD;oef;Edik f awmifwiG Bf uD;ae c&D;onf armifcsrf;
omwdkYtzGJUonf aoqHk;oGm;aomtavmESpfavmif;tm; &xm;ay:aumuf,l o,f
aqmifNyD; (01;00)em&D;wGif &xm;qufvufxu
G cf mG NyD; trSw(f 106)tpkeaf vmfu,f&
xm;awmif w G i f ; BuD ; bl w mta&muf q uf v uf (01;40)em&D aoqk H ; oG m ;aom
tavmif;ESpaf vmif;tm;wyfc(JG 5)jrefrmh rD&xm;&Jwyfprk LS ; xGe;f atmifausmf e,fxed ;f
wyfMuyf atmifudkarmif wyfom;xGef;xGef;OD;wdkYawmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU&Sd pdwokcem
a&;ulnDrItoif;rSum;ESifh awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUe,f jynfolUaq;kHodkYydkYaqmifxm;NyD;
if;aoqH;k oGm;aom ae&yfvyd pf mESit
hf rnfwt
Ykd m; jrefrmhr;D &xm;tzGUJ ESihf a'ocHe,f
ajrtwGif;&Sd jynfolvlxk &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;yl;aygif;pHkprf;vQuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
a>ra[mu
a>ra[muf

21-10-2012,Sunday

{&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;?yef;waemfNrdKU
e,f?yoG,faus;&Gmtkyfpk trsdK;om;'Drkd
ua&pDtzGJUcsKyf&yf^aus;qkdif;bkwfwif
H;k cef;zGiyhf t
JG crf;tem;ukd (11-10-2012)
Mumoyaw;aeYeHeuf(10)em&DtcsdefwGif
yoG,af tmufpak us;&Gm&Sd OD;ausmf0if;pk;d \
aetdrf usif;yjyKvkyfcJhygonf/
a&S;OD;pGm yef;waemfNrdKUe,f? yoG,f
aus;&GmtkyfpktrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyf
qkdif;bkwftm; {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;
trsd K ;om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J Y c sKyf n D v mcH
usif;ya&;aumfr&SiftzGJY0if OD;ref;GefY
od e f ; u zJ B ud K ;jzwf z G i f h v S p f a y;cJ h o nf /
xkdYaemuf obmywdtzGifhtrSmpum;ukd
OD;ref;GefYodef;uajymMum;NyD; rtlyifckdif
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyfnDvmcHusif;ya&;aumfr&SiftzGJY0if OD;pdef0if;u vli,fwkdY\wm0efrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJh onf/
qufvuf yef;waemfNrdKUe,ftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyfnDvmcHusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOu|OD;pef;armifu wufa&mufvmonfh
ygwD0ifrsm;\ar;jref;rIrsm;ukd jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ajzMum;ay;cJhNyD; yoG,faus;&Gmtkyfpk&SdygwD0ifrsm; ukd,fpm;OD;rif;odef;u aus;Zl;wif
pum;ajymMum;um tcrf;tem;ukd kyfodrf;cJhygonf/
tqkdygtcrf;tem;okdY 'Drkdua&pDtzGJYcsKyfygwD0ifrsm;? &yfrd&yfzrsm;ESifhjynfolvlxktiftm;(300)cefYwufa&mufcJhaMumif;
atmifbkef;a0(yef;0wD)
od&ygonf/

vufprG ;f jywJU rD;&xm;&J


jynfe,f?rdk;nif;cdkif?[dkyifNrdKU
vlowfrIeJY ta&;,lcH&NyD e,fcucsif
w
JG iG f usef;rma&;csKdUwJrh aI Mumifh [dyk if
blwmwGit
f yd af eaom vli,fwpfO;D tm;
&JwyfzGJU0ifwyfMuyfBuD;wpfOD;rSdkufESuf
cJh&mrS&&Sdaom'Pf&mrsm;jzifhaoqHk;oGm;
cJo
h jzifh &xm;&JwyfzUJG 0ifwyfMuyfBuD;tm;
[dyk if&pJ cef;rS ta&;,lxm;&aomjzpf&yf
wpfckjzpfyGm;cJhayonf/
pHkprf;od&Sd&onfrSm rdk;nif;cdkif?
[dkyifNrdKUe,fcGJ? &GmopfBuD;aus;&Gmae
udak rmifO;D onf erf;crf;? *sKd;awmifbuf
rS vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd pf Of usef;rma&;csKdUwhrJ I
aMumifhae&yfokdYjyefvm&m (10?9?2012)
&ufn(10)em&DwiG [
f ykd ifbw
l modYk a&muf
&SdcJhonf/ [dkyifblwmwGif usef;rma&;
azmufvmojzifh blwmtwGi;f tdyaf epOf
vHkNcHKa&;wm0efxrf;aqmifaeaom rD;
&xm;&JwyfzUJG ? cG(J 1)?pk(1)?wyfpw
d (f 3)? [dyk if&w
J yfMuyfBuD;ausmfp;dk vGif (v-161284)ESit
hf zGUJ a&muf&v
dS mNyD; wyfMuyfBuD;ausmfp;dk vGirf S
udkarmifOD;tm; ppfaq;ar;jref;NyD; rouFmojzifh dkufESufxkaxmif;cJhonf/
(11?9?2012)&uf eHeuf(6)em&DtcsdefwGif udkarmifOD;\ZeD;r0if;Munfonf &GmopfBuD;aus;&Gmaps;wGif aps;0,faepOf
if;\cifyeG ;f udak rmifO;D rSm[dyk ifbw
l mwGif &xm;&JrS u
kd o
f jzifh 'Pf&mrsm;&&Scd ahJ Mumif;owif;&&So
d jzifh [dyk ifbw
l m odo
Yk mG ;a&muf
cJo
h nf/ [dyk ifbw
l mwGif cifyeG ;f jzpfot
l m;rawGU&S&d ojzifh pHpk rf;ar;jref;&m rk;d ni;f blwmbufoYkd &xm;ESiw
hf ifay;vdu
k af Mumif;od&&dS
qdik u
f ,fu,f&iD mS ;&rf;vdu
k cf &hJ m erm;blwma&SUoHvrf;taemufbufwiG f udak rmifO;D tm; xdik af eonfuakd wGU&S&d &GmopfBuD;
aus;&GmodaYk c:aqmifvmum aq;ukorIc,
H al pcJo
h nf/udak rmifO;D rSm aq;ukorIc,
H al omfvnf; 'Pf&mroufom (11?9?2012)&uf
aeYv,f(11)em&Dtcsdew
f iG rf ;kd ni;f cdik af q;HBk uD;odyYk aYkd qmifumaq;ukorIc,
H al epOf(13?9?2012)&uf eHeuf(1)em&D (20)rdepftcsdew
f iG f
aoqHk;oGm;cJhojzifh udkarmifOD;\ZeD;jzpfolr0if;MunfrSw&m;vdkjyKvkyf [dkyif&Jpcef;wGif trIzGifhwdkifMum;cJhonf/
xdaYk Mumifh [dyk if&pJ cef;rS&w
J yfMuyfBuD;ausmfp;dk vGi(f v-161284)&xm;&Jwyf zGUJ ? cG(J 1)? pk(1)?wyfpw
d (f 3)[dyk iftm; (y)35^2012)
jypfrIqdkif&mOya'yk'fr(302)jzifhzrf;qD;umtrIppftjzpf [dkyif&Jpcef;rSL;&JtkyfrsKd;jrifhOD;rSaqmif&GufvQuf&SdaMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/
cRefwGef;

wdik ;f vdik (f c)&Sr;f eDtrsKd ;om;zGNUH zK;d wd;k wufa&;ygwaD [majymyGEJ iS yhf gw0D ifu'fay;tyfyu
JG si;f y
rdk;nif;atmufwdkbm-(10)
ucsifjynfe,f?rdk;nif;NrKdUe,f?bDvl;NrKdUOD;atmifaz\aetdrf
wGiw
f ikd ;f vdik (f c)&Sr;f eDygwDtrsKd ;om;rsm; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;ygwDa[m
ajymyGEJ iS yhf gwD0ifu'fay;tyfyt
JG crf;tem;udk atmufwb
kd mv(7)
&ufaeY eHeuf(10)em&DcGJtcsdefwGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
tcrf;tem;odkY NrKdUe,fwdkif;vdkif(c)&Srf;eDtrsdK;om;rsm;zGHYNzKd;
wdk;wufa&;ygwDOuXOD;wifudkudkESifhtzGJU0ifrsm;?zdwfMum;xm;
aom{nfhonfawmfrsm;wufa&muf MuNyDtcrf;tem;wGifobm
ywdO;D xGe;f Muefrt
S rSmpum;ajymMum;cJo
h nf/if;aemufygwDOuX
OD;wifudkudkrSygwD&nf&G,fcsufrsm;?vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;?&yfwnf
csufrsm;udk a[majymcJhNyD; ygwDtwGif;a&;rSL;eef;cifpdefjrifhrSwdkif;vdkif(c)&Srf;eDvlrsdK;wdkY\,Ofaus;rI?ordkif;aMumif;ESifhkd;&m"avhrsm;
udak [mMum;cJo
h nf/qufvuf tcrf;tem;odYk wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;rStBuHjyKaqG;aEG;cJMh uNyD;aemuf&yfuu
G ?f aus;&Gmrsm;wGiyf gwD
pnf;k;H a&;rSL;rsm;a&G;cs,fcMhJ uonf/xdaYk emufygwDOuXOD;wifuu
kd rkd yS gwD0ifu'frsm;ay;tyfcNhJ yD;aemuf obmywdO;D xGe;f MuefreS *d ;Hk csKyf
opm(rdk;nif;)
trSmpum;ajymMum;cJah Mumif; od&ydS gonf/

21

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
oluwuov
d k af usmif;om;rsm;
or* taqmuf t OD N zd K wmeJ Y
ywf o uf N yD ; vQyf w pf j yuf * sme,f ?
twGJ(3)?trSwf(79)rSm]AkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;
atmifBuD;(41)rsufESm ESifh 8888} acgif;pOf
atmufrSm AkdvfrSL;csKyfatmifBuD;&Sif;jywm
uawmh ]uRefawmf wyfuxGufwm
u 1963ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv(19)
&uf a eY x if y gw,f / 1977ck E S p f

taqmuf t OD r S x G u f c G m ay;
MuzkdYajymawmh ausmif;om;
awGu bmrSqefUusifjcif;r&Sd
bJ tomwMunfxGufcGmay;
Muygw,f/ taqmuftOD
twG i f ; ausmif ; om;awG r &S d
awmh r S or* t aqmuf t OD
ywfywfvnfukd vufeufukdif
vk H N cH K a&;wm0ef u k d ,l x m;
vkdufygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf wm0efcHt&m
&Sdu 'DtaqmuftODukd wkdYwpf
awG 'kdif;erkdufeJY NzdKcGJzsufqD;&r,f/

wpf N yd K if
wnf ; ayguf
uGJcJhwJhtwGuf
or*taqmuf
tOD [ m wpf
csuf w nf ; eJ Y
ajray: jym;jym;0yf o G m ;
ygawmhw,f/

wJ h a&mh u uf (Rocket) awG u k d o G m ;yk d Y z k d Y


wm0efay;vmygw,fwJh/
olqufNyD;ajymjywmuawmh tif;wkid f
ppfvufeufypnf;wyfrSm tJ'Dtcsdefu
wyfrLS ;uAkv
d rf LS ;0if;yg/ a&mhuuf(Rocket)
awGtyfNyD;awmh oxkHwyf&if;ukd rjyef&
ao;bJ wm0efay;p&m&Sdw,fqkdNyD;tjcm;
wyf&if;u oltygt0if t&m&Sd(15)OD;ukd
wpf a e&mrS m pk p nf ; NyD ; ae&may;xm;yg
w,f/bmwm0efay;r,f qkdwmawmhtod
ray;bl;/
'Dt&m&Sd(15)OD;[m t&m&Sdi,fb0u
arNrdKU(jyifOD;vGif)Am;rm;tif*sifeD,mwyf
(Burma Engineer) wyfrSm'kdif;erkduf oif
wef;tygt0if ykdiftkdeD,m(Pioneer) oif
wef;ukdwufzl;MuwJht&m&SdawGyg/ tJ'D
tcsdefwkef;u tif*sifeD,mwyfrSL;uAkdvf
rSL;xGef;&Dyg/1962ckESpf?Zlvkdifv (7)&uf
ta&;tcif;rSm ausmif;om;awGukd vuf
eufeJYtMurf;zufESdrfeif;cJhNyD;aemuf Zlvkdif
v(8)&uf a eY r S m ol w k d Y t &m&S d ( 15)OD ; uk d
or* t aqmuf t OD u k d a c:oG m ;ygw,f /
taqmuftODwiG ;f rSm &Sad eao;wJh ausmif;
om;awGukd wpfcef;0ifwpfcef;xGuf 0if
a&mufppfaq;NyD; xGufcGmay;Mu zkdYwm0ef
ay;ygw,f / tJ ' D v k d w m0ef a y;csuf t &
oltygt0ift&m&Sd(15)OD;u ausmif;om;
awG v k d c sif w J h p m&G u f p mwrf ; awG ,l N yD ;

'D t aqmuf t OD [ m Auy(Armjynf


uG e f j rLepf y gwD ) &J U tajccH ajratmuf
pcef;jzpfw,f/ 'DtaqmuftOD&SdaeorQ
umvywfvkH; AuyawG&JU ajratmuf
pcef;&SdaeOD;rSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh wkdYukd 'kdif;e
rkdufeJYNzdKcGJzsufqD;zkdY wm0efay;vmjcif;
jzpfw,fvkdYajymjyygw,f/'D aemuf'kdif;e
rkdufukd b,fvkdqif&r,fqkdum? qif&
r,fh ae&mudk wm0efcHu vkdufvHjyoyg
w,f/
taqmuftOD[mxkxnf BuD;NyD;
ckdifrmwJhtaqmuftOD jzpfwJhtwGuf
'kdif;erkduftiftm; b,favmufokH;r,f/
b,fvkd pepfeJYazmufcGJ&r,fqkdwmawG
ukd wm0efcHu tao;pdwfwGufcsufyg
w,f/ wpfcsufwnf;eJYtaqmuftOD
wpfck vkH;NydKusoGm;zkdYqkdwm tawmhukd
wGufcsuf,l&ygw,f/
n(11)em&DtcsdefrSm 'kdif;erkdufukd
Contact pepfeJYtaqmuftODtwGif;ywf
csvnfe&H rH mS pepfwuswyfqifMu&ygw,f/
eHeuf(2)em&DvmufrSmNyD;ygw,f/ 'kdif;e
rkdufukd toifhwyfqifNyD;wJhaemuf rkdif;
qif t&m&Sd(15)OD;pvkH;u cyfa0;a0;
ae&mukd a&Smifay;&ygw,f/
tJ'aD emufwm0efct
H &m&Su
d ta0;
xde;f ud&,
d muked eH uf(4)em&DavmufrmS zdcs
vkdufwmeJY wpfNydKifeuf'kdif;erkdufawG

'k d i f ; erk d u f w yf q if z k d Y w m0ef a y;wJ h


t&m&Sd(15)OD;teufoltygt0if(2)OD;om
touf&Sifusefaeygao;w,f/
wm0eft&SdqkH;tBuD;qkH;yk*dKvfjzpfwJh
AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;eJYolvkyfazmfukdifzuf
wyf r awmf t &m&S d B uD ; awG u awmh r&S d
oavmufaoukefMuygNyD/
Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD;uawmh
touft&G,f(92)ESpfeJY,cktxdouf&Sd
xif&Sm;&Sdaeygao;w,f/

avmuf r S m bm
taMumif; aMumifh

rSef;rod vlawGarhavmufwJh tcsdefa&muf


umrS wu o k d v f a usmif ; om;rsm;or*
taqmuftODudk NzdKwm[m Akv
d af tmifBuD;
qkdwmwyfawGrSm vkduf&Sif;NyD; ygwDrSm
usif;y tykyfcszkdYtBuD;tus,f wpfjynf
vkH;rSm vkyfBuHzkdYtpD tpOfawGvkyf?tpnf;
ta0;awGvkyfaew,fqkdwm arNrdKUrSmae
wkef; od&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefxd uRefawmf
[m opmapmifhNyD; vlwumu uRefawmf
vkdYyJ pGyfpGJwmukd NidrfcHaecJhygw,f/ ,ck

uRefawmfukd EkdifiHa&; tBuD;tus,f


tykyfcsr,fqkdwmawmh vGeftm;BuD;vkdY
&Sif;wrf;BuD;wpfapmif wpfjynfvkH;a0
cJhygw,f/ tJ'DrSmawmif xdckdufwJholawG
xdckdufrSmpkd;vkdY tukefra&;jybl;/ xdefcsef
xm;ygw,f/ wu,fhtrdefYay;wJhpm,l
vmNyD; r&rf;ukef;ukd ay;vmol Akdvfoef;
pdefyg/ owif;pmxJrSm aemufuaejiif;
qkdckdif;wJh taMumif;uawmh olUuav;
awG &ef&mS rSmpk;d vkyYd g/ or*NzdKzdYk 'kid ;f erku
d f
awG (G.E.4)tif*sifeD,mwyfcGJukdrSmwm
tJ'DrSm rvkHavmufvkdY (pDtkd'D)wyfrSL;Akdvf
0if;ukd vkduf&SmNyD; tif;wkdifoGm;xkwf,l&
wmyg/cG J z k d Y t rd e f Y a y;ol [ m jynf x J a &;
0efBuD;? vkHNcHKa&;aumifpDOu| Akdvfausmf
pkd;jzpfygw,f/ wu,f'kdif;erkdufawG qif
&wJo
h u
l tif*sife,
D mwyfAv
dk rf LS ; xGe;f &D
yg/ tm;vkH;'kdif;erkdufqif&wm[m eHeuf
vif;tm;BuD;rSjzpfygw,f/ vufrSwfxkd;
onfh t&m&SdBuD;BuD;rm;rm;r&SdvkdY 'ku
a&mufaewkef; vrf;avQmufa&mufvm
wmu AkdvfrSL;BuD;rif;odef;jzpfygw,f/
olu0ifNyD; cGJwJhtrdefYvufrSwfxkd;ay;zkdY
AkdvfxGef;&Du ajymvkdY oluvufrSwfxkd;
NyD; 'kid ;f erku
d cf v
JG u
dk w
f mjzpfygw,f/ w&m;
cH j zpf & S m wJ h Ak d v f a tmif B uD ; qk d o l [ m
AkdvfrSL;BuD;vS[efESifh AkdvfcsKyftdrfvkduf
toGm; ygarmucsKyfq&mBuD; OD;umacw
a&G U aewJ h tif v sm;uef [ k d w ,f e m;u

wpfxyfwkdufuav;rSm q&mBuD;OD;um?
AkdvfvS[efu or*ukdvnf;NzdKzkdY trdefY&
w,fvkdY ajymwmxyfMum;&awmht&JpGefY
NyD ; Ak d v f a usmf p k d ; &S d & m toH v T i f h k H u k d
w,fvDzkef;qufNyD; tJ'Dudpukd&yfxm;
ay;yg/ AkdvfcsKyfukd uRefawmf ajymygrnf
qkdNyD; [kda&mufawmhvnf; AkdvfcsKyfukd
bmrSrajymbJ rvdrfhwpfywfenf;eJYwm;
cJholjzpfygw,f/ cgwkdif;qkdvQif uRefawmf
'Dvkdwm;vQif wm0ef,lvkdufemaeusyg/

27

pmrsufESm ( 28 ) okdU

uRefawmfESifhtcsdefMumjrifhpGmuwnf;
u &if;ESD;cJhzl;wJh tNidrf;pm;AkdvfBuD; wpf
a,mufrMumao;rDu vmawGUygw,f/
olYtouf(85)ESpf&SdygNyD/ olvmawGUwJh
taMumif;t&if;u olYtaeeJY &efukef
wuov
dk af usmif;om;rsm;or* taqmuf
tODNzdKpOfu olyg0ifcJh&wJhtcef;u@ukd
ajymjycsifvkdYygwJh/ ol'Dudpukd rnfolYukdrS
ajymrjycJzh ;l bl;/ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm EIwyf w
d af e
cJhw,faygh/ ckawmhuRefawmfhukdyJ zGifhajymcJh
awmhr,fqkdNyD; ajymygw,f/
ol Y t aeeJ Y 1 962ck E S p f r S m oxk H N rd K UrS m
wyfcsxm;wJhArmhaoewfukdif wrkdif;(1)rSm
AkdvfBuD;tqifheJYwm0efusygw,f/ wpfaeY
usawmh &efukeftif;wkdifrSm&SdwJhppfvuf
eufypnf;wyf (C.O.D) ukdwyf&if;rSm&Sd

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
pmrsufESm(27)rStquf

,cif w pf y wf r S t quf
b,fvdk tusKd;taMumif;rS rodbJ &dumjzwfcH&w,f/
'gtwGuf wm0ef&SdwJh ajr'l;rif;om;udk pdwfemMuw,f/
wcsKdU &JrufawmfawG qdk&if qmavmifrGwfodyfrI'Pfudk rcHEdkifwJh
twGuf atmf[pf nnf;wGm;Muw,f/ yifyef;rI'Pf? qmavmifrGwfodyfrI
'PfawGaMumifh wyfawG ajcukefvufyef; us&Smwmaygh/
ajcwpfvSrf; vSrf;wdkif; olwdkY&JU tonf;rsm;[m aMurGoGm;rvm; &,fvdkY
xifrSwfrSm;Muw,f/ 'gawGudk rif;acgifaemf&xmu rodr[kwfbl;? odw,f/
'gaMumifhyJ olU&Jrufrsm;udk azsmif;zsw,f/
ppfom; yDoapzdkY? pdwf"mwfruszdkY? pnf;urf; vdkufemzdkY? qmavmifrI
'Pfudk onf;nf;cHzdkY? vrf;rSmyJ awGUovdk MuHKovdk &SmMuHpm;aomufMuzdkY
rderYf mS vdu
k w
f ,f/ onfwek ;f u ppfonfawG[m ppfuvnf; yef;? qmavmifrI
'Pfudkvnf; tvl;tvJ cHpm;aemu&olawGyJ/
wu,fawmh jrefrmvlrsKd;awG[m onf;cHw&m; vufudkifxm;MuwJh olawGyJ/
rdrdwdkYtay:rSm tkyfcsKyfrif;vkyfaewJh olawGu b,fvdkyJ ESdyfuGyfygap? uHudkyJ
yHkcsMuwmyJ/ 'gyJaygh... vlr[ef&ifawmh uHudkyJ tjypfwifMuwmyJ/ [kwfw,fav...
uHqdkwmu tvkyfyJ/ tvkyfaumif;&if uHaumif;wm[m rqef;ygbl;/
onfvykd J rdrw
d Ykd tkycf sKyfaewJh bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;awG aumif;aumif;? raumif;aumif;
bk&if[m bk&ifyJ/ jynfol[m jynfolyJaygh/ tkyfcsKyfwJh vlwef;pm;eJY ttkyftcsKyf
cHae&wJh jynfoal wG[m tjrJwrf; 0da&m"d jzpfae MurSmygyJ/ 'g[m usde;f ao jzpfxu
kd w
f hJ
taMumif;jcif;&mawGyJ/ rif;eJY jynfolawG[m tjrJwrf; o[Zmw rjzpfEdkifygbl;/
NyD;awmh olU&JU ppfaMumif;ukd awmifilaMumif;twdkif; wa&GUa&GU csDapw,f/
ajr'l;rif;om; aemufu vdu
k v
f mwmyJ/ 'gayrJsh ckawmh &dum rS r&wm/ jzwfvrf;u
vdu
k rf S c&D;oufomayraygh/ onfvkd rif;acgifaemf&xm wyfu ppfaMumif;udk zJhNyD;
awmifilaMumif;twdkif; csDvmwmudk ajr'l;rif;om; odoGm;cJhw,f/
'gaMumifh ol pdwfuGuf usL;vGefcJhwJhtaMumif;udk bk&if rodatmif tMuHtpnf
wpfcu
k kd jyKw,f/ aejynfawmfukd jrif;onfawmf wpfa,muf tjyif;vTwNf yD; o0PfvmT
qufoGif;apw,f/ tJ'Do0PfvTmxJrSm rif;acgifaemf&xmtay: bk&if taumif;
rjrifap&ef ukef;acsmpum;rsm; xnfhoGif;a&;om;cJhw,f/
[kwfygw,f/ wu,fawmh EdkifiHawmf tkyfcsKyfwJh bk&if[mvnf; vlxJu vlom;
wpfa,muf r[kwfvm;/ onfawmh olUrSm twpJG&Sdaewmaygh/ olUtwGuf edrfhusapr,fh
jzpf&yfrsKd;udk b,frSm vufcHcsifyghrvJav/
ewfjynfewfeef;ozG,fjzpfwJh rif;pnf;pdrfuvnf; wpfjym;rS avQmhcsifwmrS r[kwf
bJ/
onfawmh ajr'l;rif;om;xHu qufovdu
k w
f hJ o0PfvmT udk &wmeJY bk&ifrif;w&m;
BuD;[m trdeaYf wmfwpf&yfukd xkwq
f ifv
h u
kd w
f ,f/ tJ'D trdeYf awmfukd awmifib
l &k ifcx
H H
ydkYvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u awmifilbk&if[m rif;&JodcFolyJ/ tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;&JU
nDawmfaygh/
awmifilaMumif; csDvmwJh rif;acgifaemf&xmudk awmifila&mufwmeJY wpfNydKifeuf
zrf;qD;NyD; aejynfawmfudk qufozdkY trSmxm;w,f/ tpp t&m&m owdxm;aewJh
rif;acgifaemf&xmuvnf; owif;udk BudKwifMum;od &w,f/ 'gaMumifhyJ xif&JU...
awmifiltxd r0ifao;bl;/
aZ,s0wDrSm wyfcs&yfaew,f/
'Djyemudk rif;acgifaemf&xmu arQmv
f ifNh y;D om;yJ/ vuf&dS tkycf sKyfaewJh aemifawmf
BuD; bk&ifrif;w&m;eJY ajr'l;rif;om;wdkY[m nDtpfudk t&if;csif;yJ/ emcsif; em&if?
dik ;f yif;csi;f dik ;f yif;&if olwYkd nDtpfuckd si;f yJ dik ;f yif;rSmyJ/
vufonf;qdwfawmh vufxdyfem qdkovdkyJaygh/
onfae&mrSm jywfom;zdYk wpfcyk J vdak wmhw,f/ a&SUwd;k rvm;? aemufqw
k rf vm;bJ
aygh/ onftcsdefrSm aejynfawmfu wyfrSL;wpfa,muf a&mufvmw,f/ rif;acgif
aemf&xmeJY t&if;ESD;qHk;? oHa,mZOf t&SdqHk;yk*dKvfyJ/
rif;vSaemf&xmyJaygh/
oleJYtwl bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;xHrS pmcRefawmf wpfckvnf;ygav&JU/
]rif ; acgif a emf & xm a&S U awmf a rS m uf o d k Y tjref cpm;0if a &muf a p/ NyD ; cJ h N yD ;
jzpf a om &mZ0wf j ypf ' Pf r sm;ud k uif ; Nid r f ; apr,f }
vdkY qdkxm;w,faygh/ onfwGif rif;acgifaemf&xmtzdkY tav;teuf pOf;pm;&
awmhw,f/

28

wu,fwrf; qif;&Jtwl csrf;omtrI&,fvdkY vufwJG vkyfudkifcJhwJh b0&Sifrif;


w&m;BuD;vnf; r&SdawmhNyD/ onfhtwGuf aus;&if;uRef&if; vlwpfoif;wdkYrSm trdrJhom;
a&enf;ig;vdk jzpfaeNyD/ tck jzpf&yfukd Munf&h if ajr'l;rif;om;&JU &dum jzwfawmufraI Mumifh
igh&UJ &Jrufawmfom;rsm; pdw"f mwfusw,f/ upOfhuvsm; jzpfMu&w,f/
ckawmif onftajctaersKd; jzpfae&if aemift&SnfwGif rnfolUudk tm;ud;k &ygtHh
enf;/ igwdkYtzdkY udk;uG,f&mvnf; r&SdawmhNyD/ toufeJY cEmudk,fjrJatmif renf;
BudK;pm;&SmazGawmhrnf/ e*g;wkYdrsufapmif; taMumif;oHk;yg; ra&G;qdkovdk rif;wdkY
rsufapmif;vnf; taMumif;oHk;yg; ra&G;wwfay/
onfawmh olwdkY owf igraocsif/
aejynfawmfudk igrjyef? ighuHeJYighMurm igomzefwD;awmhrnf/ onfvdkyJ rif;acgif
aemf&xm[m cdkifcdkifrmrm qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ olUudk taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d jyNy;D ZGwt
f wif;
ac:,laewJh aoG;aomufBuD; rif;vSaemf&xm&JU pum;udkvnf; cg;cg;oD;oD; jiif;qef
awmhw,f/
[kwfw,fav/ wu,fawmh rif;acgifaemf&xm[m cJrSefzl;wJh pmoli,fvdk jzpfae
acsNyw
D nf;/ vlawGukd ,HMk unfzYdk qdw
k mu tawGUtMuHKaMumifh r,H&k aJ wmhb;l / aemufq;kH
rif;vSaemf&xmvnf; ac:r&wmeJY vufavQmhNyD; aejynfawmfudk jyefoGm;w,f/
rMumygbl;/ rif;acgifaemf&xm[m aemufyg wyfrawmfBuD;eJt
Y wl tif;0udk csw
D uf
odr;f ydu
k w
f ,f/ ckcsderf mS awmh rif;acgifaemf&xmtzdYk ao&ifajrBuD;? &Sif&ifa&TxD;qdkwJh
xHk;udk ESvHk;rlae&NyD/ ewf&GmpH tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;eJYtwl EdkifiHawmfudk xlaxmifcJhwJh
&Jabmf&Jbufcsif;zdkYvnf; a&TxD;a&Teef;udk odrf;ydkufzdkY pdkif;jyif;aeNyD/
EdkifiHawmf&JU tmPmudk vk,lzdkY BudK;pm;aeacsNyD/
tif;0 aejynfawmftwGi;f rSmawmh opmcH,yl u
GJ m; pwifavNyD/ rif;acgifaemf&xm
[m tif;0udk odrf;NyD;wmeJY NrdKUpD;? jypD;awG csrSwfawmfrlw,f/ a&TNrdKUawmf&JU vHkjcHKa&;?
twGif;&efoljzpfwJh olvQKd'vefrsm;udk okwfoif&Sif;vif;ypfw,f/
a&TNrdKUawmfrmS tuRrf;w0if jzpfaeNyDjzpfwhJ olUtzdrYk mS awmh oGuo
f u
G f vufvufyJ
vkyaf qmifawmhw,f/ a&TNrdKUawmf&UJ NrdKUwHcg; rSeo
f rQudk ydwaf pw,f/ t0iftxGuv
f ;kH 0
r&Sdap&bl;/ onftcsdefrSmyJ aejynfawmfwpf0ef; vHk;[m tHk;tHk;uRufuRufjzpfaew,f/
EdkifiHawmf[m rif;ajymif;rif;vJG jzpfaeNyDaygh/
rif;acgifaemf&xm[m nmvufudk a&SUodkY qefYwef;xm;w,f/ olU vufxJrSm
awmh toGm; azG;azG;xaewJh aqmif"m;udk NzKd ;NzKd ;vufvuf &Sad ew,f/ toH MoZmeJY
jynfh0wJh oHawmfcH&JU toH[m wpfvHk;csif; yDyDooBuD; xGufay: vmaew,f/

armifazi,f
quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf

tckawmhtoD;oD;[m rsufESmvkdrsufESm
&vkycf sifveG ;f vkYd vkyMf uNyD; Akv
d cf sKyfBuD;u
tjypf w if o vk d a voH x G u f a wmh uRef
awmfhtay:ykHcsMuwmyg/ wu,ftrSm;
odwv
hJ al wG[m Akv
d v
f [
S ef tygt0ifu
dk f
owf a wmif r uk e f y g/ yxrtBud r f
&Sif;wrf;[m 1977ckESpf? (15)ESpfMumrS
rvTo
J mvk&Yd iS ;f jycJw
h myg/ ,ck&iS ;f jywmu
(26)ESpfMumrStukef AkdvfcsKyf touf
xif&Sm;&SdpOf&Sif;rSqkdNyD;&Sif;jy&jcif; jzpfyg
w,f}qkdNyD; &Sif;jyxm;wmukd awGU&yg
w,f/
&efukefwuokdvfausmif;om;rsm;
or*taqmuftODNzdKwJu
h pd e yYJ wfoufNyD;
armfew
D mowif;*sme,ftwG(J 2)?trSw(f 23)
rSm ]ausmif;om;ta&;onf trsKd;om;
ta&;jzpf o nf } acgif ; pOf e J Y a usmif ; om;
acgif ; aqmif j zpf w J h x G e f ; atmif a usmf u
atmufazmfjyygtwkdif; a&;om;wmukd
vnf;awGU&ygw,f/
]1962ckESpf?Zlvkdifv(7)&ufaeY[m
jref r mEk d i f i H & J U uH q k d ; rk d ; arS m if u swJ h a eY ?
tem*wfacgif;aqmifwidk ;f jynftnGet
Yf zl;
rsm; tnGefYcsKd;cH&onfhaeY? wkdif;jynfcspf
acgif;aqmifrsm;xGufay:&ma&aomufjrpf
BuD; wl;xkwfjzwfawmufcH&wJhaeYqkdvQif
rrSm;Ekdif/
ukad tmifqef;?ukEd ?k ukAd [de;f ?ukAd aqG?
ukdausmfNidrf;?ukdodef;az?ukdndKjr ponfh
rsKd;cspfausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;wuo
taqmuftOD;BuD;xJwGif aqG;aEG;jiif;ckH
&if; wkdif;jynfacgif;aqmifrsm;tqifhokdY
wufvSrf;a&muf&SdvmcJhMuonfrSm w&m;
0if a usmif ; om;or* w nf & S d a e jzpf
onf/
trSefpifppf ausmif;om;or*onf
ausmif;om;xk\ rD;SL;wefaqmifjzpf
ovkd wkdif;jynfukdcspfjrwfEkd;onfh ESvkH;
&nf v uf k H ; &nf j ynf h 0 onf h tem*wf
acgif;aqmifrsm;arG;xkwfay;&m A[kdcsuf
rBuD;jzpfonf/ ppftmPm&Sifpepfukd xl
axmifawmhrnfukd ododcsif;pwifawmf
vSeMf uolwrYdk mS Ekid if aH &;t& tNrJE;dk Mum;rI
&Sdaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;u yxrqkH;
jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh jrefrmhorkdif;wGif
trnf;pufBuD;tjzpf ppfwyfrSausmif;
om;rsm;ukd *smrmefvkyf *sDo&D;atmfwkdrpf
wpfaoewfrsm;jzifh&ufpufpGm Zlvkdifv
(7)&ufwGif owfjzwfcJhNyD; usLyifckwf
usLikwfrusefqkdonfhtawG;wdrfwdrfxm;
NyD; aemufwpf&ufZlvkdifv(8)&ufaeYwGif
ukdvkdeDpepfukd wkdufyGJ0if&mwGif aqG;aEG;
wkid yf if&m ae&mBuD;jzpfonfh ausmif;om;
or*taqmuftODBuD;ukd rkdufkdif;pGm
'kid ;f erku
d Ef iS ahf zmufczJG sufq;D ypfNyD; ausmif;
om;rsm;\ &ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd wif;MuyfpGm
ydwfyifwm;qD;vmcJhonfrSm ,aeYacwf
tawmftwefvGwfvyfvmonfh tajc
taera&mufciftxdyifjzpfonf/}
AkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;atmifBuD; &Sif;
vif ; csuf E S i f h a usmif ; om;acgif ; aqmif
jzpfwJh xGef;atmifausmf&JUaqmif;yg;ukd
qufpyfNyD;&efukefwuokdvfausmif;om;
rsm; or*taqmuftODNzdKcJhwJh ESpf(50)
jynfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpfjzifh wifjyvkduf
&ygw,f/
arNrd K Ucspf a qG

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

EdkifiHa&;
,cif t ywf r S t quf
]
qkdifrSmcif;jyxm; wJhtjrifhukdvufndK;xkd;jy0,f&wm/ wpfcg wpfavtjrifvSvkdYaumif;r,fxifNyD;prf;
Munfhjyef&if tkef;EkdYawG oMum;awG uJNyD; csKd&J&JawGjzpfaejyefa&m/ apmzkd;MuL;eJY udk,fu iydryg&if
xrif;pm;&wm rNrdefawmh atmufxyfpwkd;qkdifu iydpdrf;pm; wpfAl;0,fxm;w,f/ iydukd wpfcgwpf av
[if;r&SdwJhtcg vufuav;eJY aumfNyD;xrif;ylyleJYpm;wmyJ/
wjznf;jznf;vkdwmav;awG0,fpk&w,f/ ajcokwft0wfutp0,f&wm/ ukd,fwkdYrSm a&csKd;cef;xJu
xGufvmwJh a&pkdpkdajcaxmufayayeJY a<ujym;tjzLay:avQmufoGm;awmh wpfcef;vkH;AGufxukefa&m/ ukdpkd;ykdif
tareJrY rm&Dwq
Ydk u
D vnf; rD;zkad csmifo;Hk ypn;f awG tawmftoif&h awmh odyrf 0,f&ygbl;/ aq;NyD;om;yef;uef
awGukd owif;pmpuLcif;NyD; Murf;ay: 'Dtwkdif;arSmufxm;&awmh yvyfpwpfyef;uefpifwpfck0,fcsifwm
q&mBuD;ayG;wkdYESpfa,muf 0kdif;yGufvkdufwm r0,fjzpfjyefbl;/
]cifAsm;u 'DrSmtMumBuD;aerSm usaewmyJ [kd[m0,fcsif 'D[m0,fcsif}
]avmavmq,f uRefawmfwkdYvkdwm Rice Cooker As}
]tqHu b,favmufrsm;rsm;&SdvkdYvJ Rice Cooker 0,f&avmufatmif r&Sdao;
bl;av}
]'gqkd vufqGJrD;aoG;rD;zkduav;eJY owKtkd;wpftkd;qkd&ifaum xrif;vnf; csuf
[if;vnf;csuf ESpfrsKd;pvkH;&w,f}
rD;aoG;rD;zkduav;wpfvkH;0,fvkdufw,f/ aemufxyftvkdufu rD;aoG;&,f?
rD;arT;wJh"mwfqD&,f/ tJ'D"mwfqDAl;r&cifu rD;wpfcgarT;&if owif;pmpuLawG a&m?
oGm;&if;vm&if;aumufvmwJh xif;pawGa&mok;H &wm wpfcef;vk;H rD;ck;d awG tlNyD;rsuf&nf
awGus/
wk d Y p &matmf y k d a &;&S i f ;
qGdKif 32 xJukd 0ifoGm;&if nmbufjcrf;rSmwkdufav;ig;q,fvkH;ausmfvmNyD;&if
NcHeJY0if;eJYwkdufvSvSuav;awGvnf;tawmf&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh twGif;buf odyfus
oGm;awmh tdrfajcusJoGm;w,f/ e,fajr avhvma&;vkyf&if; vrf;txJbufukd [kd;
twGif;ykdif;vrf;qkH;cgeD;avmufxd 0ifoGm;Munfhwm wkduftdrfwpfck&JUNcHpnf;kd;rSm o&uf
yifwpfyifuyfNyD;aygufaewm toD;awGu wkd;vkdYwGJavmif;/ wpfcgwpf avwkdYp&mvkd
csif&if tJ'DNcHa&SUu jzwfoGm;vkdufNyD; tem;a&mufwmeJYta0;ckeform;vkdt&Sdef,lNyD;
ajy;ckefvSrf;qGwf&wm/ i,fb0ukd owd&vkdufao;w,f/ olYNcHxJu tyifqkdayr,fh
vnf; vrf;ay:ukdif;usaewJhtwGuf qGwf,lpm;Ekdifw,fvkdYukd,fh zmomukd,fqkH;jzwfNyD;
tarG&wJhypnf;vkd rMumcPoGm;qGwfw,f/ vrf;&JUb,fbufjcrf;rSmtdrfawGr&Sdbl;/
a&0yfwJh ydef;yifawm BuD;yJ&Sdw,f/ pdrf;pdrf;pkdpkdeJY tavhusyifawGtrsm;BuD;yJ/
wpfcgwpfavtJ'Dut&GufawG apmzkd;MuL; cl; cl; vmw,f/
]q&mBuD;ayG;[kwfrSvnf;vkyfOD; pm;vkdY&wm aocsmw,faemf}
uRefawmfuajymr,fhomajymwmyg Munfh&wm &efukefrSm ykZGefpm&GufaMumf qkdNyD;
aMumf a&mif;wJht&GufvkdYxifwmyJ/
]aMomf cifAsm;uvnf;axmifxJrSmwkef;u 'gawGyJuRefawmfwkdYcsOf&nf[if;
csufpm;vmwm}
apmzkd;MuL;eJYukd,fupm;zkdYtjyif aomufzkdYvnf;Munfh&awmh wefzkd;enf;

p&dwfNidrf;ukd tNrJBuHpD&w,f/ rJacgifqkdwm wpfcgwpfavrS pyg;ESHyJuifrf(aomuf)&wmrsm;w,f/ bkdifus


wJhtcg pyg;ESHxufaygwJh avmhacgif (xkdif;csuft&uf)txd tqifhusoGm;w,f/ ,rum vkvifawGav/
'k u o nf q k d w m
befaumufrSm bmpm&Gufpmwrf;rSr&SdbJ avQmufoGm;ae&if 'kua&mufvdrfhr,fvkdY rrm&Duowd
ay;w,f/
]'Duausmif;om;awGvkyfovkdvkyfxm;ygvm;}
]ausmif;om;awGu b,fvkdvkyfwmvJ}
]UNrSm pm&Gufvkyfxm;wmav ykdufqHvnf;&w,f/ ,lwkdYrdwfaqG rZufzftJ'DkH;rSm vkyfwmyJ}
]wpfaeYu tefwDZmufzfeJYawmif zkef;ajymao;w,f/ olYtdrfu avqdyfem;rSm ta0;BuD;kH;rSmuvnf;
vlawGIyfw,f/ om;vmzkdYraumif;bl;/ [kda&muf&ifom azazhukd tefwDu EIwfqufvkduf w,fvkdY
ajymqkdNyD;rSmw,f}
],l (you) xGufajy;vmwm olrodbl;vm;}
][ifhtif; olYpdwfxJuRefawmftar&d uoGm;zkdY Armjynfu xGufvmwmvkdYyJxifaewm}
tazu tar&du t&ifxGufw,f/ NyD;awmhnDrESpfa,mufuvkdufw,f/ 'gukd tefwDZufzfuodxm;
awmh ukd,f befaumufa&mufvmwm tar&duoGm;r,fxifaewm/ r*kdvrf;rSmaewkef;u olwkdYeJY ukd,fwkdYu
tay:xyfatmufxyf tMumBuD;aecJhzl;wm/
]olYukdajymjyvkdufav} rrrm&Du tefwDZufzfukdajymNyD; UN pm&Gufvkyfxm;zkdY tBuHay;w,f/
aemufwpfaeY a':Zufzf (Zeph Metha) qDzek ;f qufw,f/ tusKd;taMumif;ajymjyvku
d f awmhov
l nf;pdwf
raumif ; jzpf o G m ;w,f / ol Y k H ; uk d v mcJ h ouf q k d i f w J h v l a wG e J Y a wG U ay;r,f a jymw,f / uk d a X;0if ; eJ Y

ukd,feJYbefaumufajrykHBuD;ukd Murf;rSmjzefYcif;? oGm;&r,fhae&m? pD;&r,fh bwfpfum;vrf;aMumif;&SmMuw,f/


csdef;xm;wJhtcsdefxuf tdrfuESpfem&DausmfausmfapmxGufw,f/
a0;uvnf;a0;? um;vrf;uvnf; Muyfw,f/ 'DMum;xJ qif;&r,frh w
S w
f idk u
f dk ok;H wkid af vmufausmfomG ;vkYd
um;jyefpD;&ao;w,f/ olYukdvufa0SUkHem;qkdNyD; ajrykHrSmjrifxm;wm olYukdausmfcJhNyD; okH;wkdifavmufvGefrS
um;ay:uqif;jzpfw,f/
avQmufvmT vufcw
H t
hJ csdeaf usmfomG ; vkv
Yd m;rajymwwfb;l / a':Zufzaf wGUay;wJh cGet
f rfEu
JG aemufwpfaeY
rS "mwfykHokH;ykHeJYjyefvmcJhzkdYcsdef;w,f/ tJ'DaeYu ukd,fwkdYESpfa,mufukd a':Zufzfu kH;BuD;uifwif;rSm
reufpmauR;w,f/
vefcrf;[defwuokdvf[m tdrfuae um;rSwfwkdifav;wkdifavmufa0;w,f/ bwfpfum;tawmfrsm;rsm;
olYa&SUa&mufMuovkd olq
Y u
D pxGuw
f mawGvnf;&Sw
d ,f/ um;vkdif;wpfck[m tJ'DupxGufNyD; jrbk&m;em;rSm
*dwfoGm;qkH;w,f/ 'ku onfkH;uvnf;jrbk&m;em;rSmqkdawmh oleJY tqifajyqkH;/ aemufwpfaeY apmzkd;MuL;
ukdygac:NyD; okH;a,mufom; csDwufoGm;Muw,f/
cGeftrfEGJu kH;a&SUum;rSwfwkdifem;rSm kH;udpeJYvmwJh'kuonfawG? 'kuonf avQmufr,fholawGukd
olukd,fwkdifxGufac:&w,f/ olrygyJ uRefawmfwkdYcsnf; kH;xJ0ifvkdYr&bl;/ uRefawmfwkdYokH;a,mufukd ac:oGif;
oGm;NyD; avQmufvTmjznfhckdif;w,f/
avQmufvTmjznfhaewkef; uRefawmf
wkdYtem;rSm jzwfoGm;jzwfvmvkyfaewJh
rde;f uav;wpfa,muf[m Armrde;f uav;
eJ Y w l v k d Y a r;Munf h a wmh [k w f a ew,f /
aemufrSod&wm olu PDP u ukdwif
armifOD;&JUESrav;/ 'gayr,fh rvSNrdKif
awmhr[kwfbl;/ yxrawmholYukd pum;
jyefrSef;rodygbl;/ UN u trIxrf;yJ
atmuf a rh v k d Y ol i ,f c sif ; wpf a ,muf
taMumif;ukdar;Munfhw,f/
]'DkH;rSma'gufwmrm;uyfpfwifatmif
(Dr. Marcus Tin Aung) qkdwm Mum;rd
vm;}
]b,ft&G,favmuf&SdvJ tefu,f}
uk,
d u
f wpfacgif;vk;H azG;aewJh uwk;H
qHyifaygufeJYqkdawmh tefu,fac:vkduf
ykH&w,f/
]uRefawmfwkdYt&G,favmufyJ}
]a'gufwmausmfaX;qkdwmwpf
a,mufawmh&Sdw,f}
]aMomf

[kwfw,f olYemrnf ausmfaX;ausmif;rSwkef;u rm;uyfpfvkdY ac:vkdY}


tJ'Dvkdajymaewkef; vli,fwpfa,muftem;ujzwfoGm;&if;u ukd,fwkdY ajymaewmMum;oGm;ykH&w,f/
olu&yf vkdufNyD; ]q&mukdausmfaX;u 'DkH;rSm r[kwfbl;}
olukdifxm;wJhzkdifxJu pm&Guf wpf&GufukdxkwfNyD;/
]'DrSmajrykHeJYvdyfpmygw,f/ zkef;eHygwfvnf;ygw,f tJ'DkH;rSm}
]aus;Zl;yJAsm}
]uRefawmfeh mrnf armifaZmf0if; (,ck tar&du) 'Dpm&Guu
f dk uRefawmfu ay;wmvkaYd jymyg uRefawmfwu
Ydk dk
q&myJ 'DrSmtvkyfoGif;ay;wm}
ausmfaX;wpfa,muf olYtpfr (a':atmifqef;pkMunf)ac:vkdY t*FvefrSm orm;awmfbGJU,lzkdYoGm;wm/
r&cJhbJ xkdif; ukdjyefa&mufNyD; UN rSmtvkyf0ifvkyfae w,fvkdYMum;zl;xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh ar; Munfhvkdufawmh
olt*FvefoGm;zdkYavqdyfqif;wJhaeYu odrfBuD;aps;ukefwkduf EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJHk;a&SUrSm rarQmfvifhbJ oleJYawGU
vkdufao;w,f/
]a[haumif nae avqdyfvmcJh ig rif;ukdbD,mwkdufr,f}
uref;uwef;ajymoGm;w,f/ ukd,furtm;wmeJYroGm;jzpfcJhbl;/
oleYJukd,feJYu ajcmufwef;uwnf; u wGJcJhwJholi,fcsif;/ ukd;wef;rSm rmufhpf 0g'ukdpNyD;avhvmMu
awmhvnf;twlwl/ ausmif;rSmq&mrawGu olYukdAkdvfcsKyf atmifqef;wlqkdwmxuf ocifoef;xGef; wlqkdNyD;
txl;jyKaMumufMuw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u uRefawmfwkdYuukd;wef;avmuf&SdrSm/ yJcl;kd;r emrnfBuD;aewJhtcsdefav/
,Ofaus;rIawmfvSefa&;tm;aumif;aewJh tcsdefaygh/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

29

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(2)&uf? t*Fg/
,aeY pmra&;Ekdif/ aeYcif;bufjrwfcdkifESifh 'D'D;vmonf/ BuD;yGm;a&; vrf;nTef*sme,f ZGef(15)&ufrS xGufEdkif
rnf[kajymoGm;onf/
MAY 1991 14th Tuesday

MAY 1991 15th Wednesday


125-141(17) 98-99(11)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(3)&uf? Ak'[l;/

(1988)ckESpf ZGefrSp (3) ESpf eD;yg;ydwfxm;cJhaom RIT&efukefwuodkvfESifh rEav;wuodkvfrsm;? tjcm;


wuodkvf ESifh aumvdyfrsm;? ,aeYjyefzGifhonf/ tcsKdUaumvdyfrsm;udk ,ckv(6)&uf (7)&uf (9)&uf (14)&uf
ponfhjzifh BuHKovdkzGifhcJhMuonf/ aA'ifudef;cef;t& [kxif&onf/ odkYaomf GTIausmif;rsm;vHk;0rzGifhao;/
MAY 1991 16th Thursday 1353 ck ? e,k e f v qef ; (4)&uf ? Mumoyaw;/
pmra&;jzpf/ RIT tdrfrSwpfqifh tif*sifeD,mudkjraomif;udkvSvSzkef;oGm;qufac:onf/

'*Hktdrfudp

ar;&efjzpfonf/
MAY 1991 17th Friday 1353 ck ? e,k e f v qef ; (5)&uf ? aomMum/
oef;oef;jrvm? vSvSNrdKUxJvdkufoGm;NyD;aps;0,f/ oef;oef;jrxHrS aiG(2000)cP,l? udkarmifarmif EkdifiHjcm;
xGufNyD;vQif aiG(10000)avmufcPvSnfhEdkifrnfajym/ nbufaZmfrdk;vm/
MAY 1991 18th Saturday
142-145(4) 100-103(4)

1353 ck?e,kefvqef;(6)&uf? pae/

reufbufjrwfcdkifESifh 'D'D;pmtkyfrsm;vmay;onf/ aeYcif;bufudk0if;atmifvmonf/ naerS udkatmifjrifhESifh


armifoef;xdkuf? Army Rum wpfvHk;ESifh tjrnf;rsm;,lvmonf/ aemufZifarmifOD;ESifh udkaX;Edkifa&mufvmonf/
bD,mESifh t&ufudkaX;Edkifxyf0,fonf/ nbufOD;apmvGifvmonf/ pmtkyftcsKdUay;vdkufonf/
MAY 1991 19th Sunday
146-156(11) 104-111(8)

1353 ck?e,kefvqef;(7)&uf? we*FaEG/

MAY 1991 20th Monday


157-165(9) 112-116(5)

1353 ck?e,kefvqef;(8)&uf? wevFm/

yxrwGJ ,aeYNyD;onf/ naebuftif*sifeD,m


ukefusaiG pm&if;

udkjraomif;vmonf/ tdrfudk "edrdk;xm;&efESifh ,cktxd


wGuf ay;&efajymvdkufonf/
MAY 1991

1353

MAY 1991 22nd Wednes-

1353 ck?e,kefvqef;(10)&uf? Ak'[l;/


[efopftwGufaqmif;yg;wpfyk'f? ra[oDtwGuf
aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;jzpfonf/ tdEd,0efBuD;csKyf
a[mif;&pf*spf*ED raeYn(10;20)em&Du r'&yfpJNrdKU
teD ; q&D y g&if b l w m Nrd K Uuav; ta0;xd e f ;
cvk w f j zif h AH k ; cG J
vk y f B uH c H &
onf / a&G ;
aumufyJG rJ
qG , f w
&m;a[m
&ef pif
jrifhodkYt
oGm;wGif
day

t,f'Dwm

1353 ck? uqkefvqkwf (10)&uf? t*Fg/


reufapmapmudk0if;atmifvmonf/ xdkYaemuf OD;ausmfNidrf;a&mufvmonf/ a&cJaowmtao; twGuf
vdo
k nfah ':vmacsmufrS 0,fyv
Ykd u
kd rf nf[k ud,
k if;rmajymonf/ jiif;vdu
k o
f nf/ rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f ud,
k if;rmjyefomG ;onf/
nbufaZmfrdk;vmonf/ ,aeYpmra&;jzpfawmh/

MAY 1991 7th Tuesday

1353 ck? uqkefvqkwf (11)&uf? Ak'[l;/


,aeY pmra&;jzpf/ oif;oif;r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm reDrvmay;oGm;onf/ jzpfuwwfoef;zdwfpm jzpfaeonfudk
awGU&onf/ ay;pm;rnfajymonfhMum;uvdkufajy;aomaMumifh tjzpfyJvkyfay;vdkufonf[k ajymoGm;onf/

MAY 1991 8th Wednesday

MAY 1991 9th Thursday


115-124(10) 82-88(7)

Tuesday

ck?e,kefvqef;(9)&uf? t*Fg/
,aeY pmra&;jzpf/ reuftapmBuD; roef;at;vm
onf/ tpfudkav; temaygufaeaomaMumifh yJcl;
at;ok c &G m rS o G m ;ac:vm&onf / awG U csif ac:
cdkif;onf[kajymonf/ aemufrS vmrnfajymNyD;aiG
(100)ay;vdkufonf/ aeYcif;
buf zsmyHak omif;nGev
Yf monf/

owif;pmq&mBu;D
q&mtaxmufawmfvaS tmif uG,v
f eG o
f mG ;onfah emuf
q&m\aeYpOfrSwfwrf;'dkif,m&Dpmtkyfrsm;pGmudk q&m\ZeD;jzpfol a':vSvS0if;rS
tarGtjzpfay;tyfcJhygonf/ q&monf 'dkif,m&Dudk aeYpOfa&;om;cJholjzpf&m
q&m\aeYpOfrSwfwrf;'dkif,m&Donf ,cktcg
tzdk;wefaompmrsufESmrsm;jzpfaeay&m yk*dKvfa&;udprsm;udkcsefvSef
wifjytyfygonf/
,ciftywfrStquf

21st

1353 ck? uqkefvqkwf (12)&uf? Mumoyaw;/

aeYcif;bufarmifjr0if;vmonf/tm;rmefopfrmS pmjyifq&mvkycf sio


f nfajymojzifh cGe*f smrdiI ;f xHpma&;ay;vdu
k o
f nf/
1353 ck? uqkefvqkwf (13)&uf? aomMum/
jzpfonf/

MAY 1991 11th Saturday 1353 ck ? uqk e f v qk w f (14)&uf ? pae/


,aeY tat;rdNyD; zsm;aeonf tdrfem;aq;cef;jyonf/ npmudkbjrifhwdkYtdrfu zdwfauR;ojzifh vSvSESifh oGm;pm;
onf/ tjyefolwdkYjyefydkYonf/ armif,if;rm(acsmuf) ESifh udkatmifrGefa&mufaeonf/ armif,if;rmtdyfonf/
reufjyefonf/ aeYcif;bufcGef*smrdIif;vmNyD;pmtkyfrsm;ay;onf/

MAY 1991 23rd Thursday 1353 ck ?


e,kefvqef;(11)&uf? Mumoyaw;/
ra[oDtwGuf aqmif;yg;qufa&;NyD;vufESdyfpuf
dkufonf/ ,aeY reufapmapmrra&mufvmonf/
raeYuwnf;u a&mufNy;D tif;pderf mS tdyo
f nfajymonf/
ikyfqDpufrS armifpdef0if;ESifh udkvSoef;vmonf/ ukef
aps;EIef;awG rw&m;wufaeonf/ csray;vQif rm&S,f
avmES i f h ta&;,l r nf [ k wpf a eY u Ad k v f c sKyf c if n G e f Y
Budrf;onf/ aemufaeYrSpNyD;
rlv(16000)&Sdaom a&Taps;(173000) odkYwuf oGm;onf/ ig;z,fjcpf (130)rS (180)? Muufom;(130)rS
(180)? ig;yda&usKd (4)usyfrS (5)usyf?qm; (4)usyfrS (10) usyf/
MAY 1991 24th Friday 1353 ck ? e,k e f v qef ; (12)&uf ? aomMum/
ra[oDodkY vSvSoGm;NyD;pmrlydkYonf(aqmif;yg;ESifh a&ajrqHk;apawmhuG,f tcef;quf0wK&Snf rSL;BuD;apmjrifhESifh

MAY 1991 12th Sunday 1353 ck ? uqk e f v uG , f ? we*F a EG /


reufapmapmud,
k if;rmjyefomG ;onf/ wd;k wd;k ESihf axG;axG;apmapmvmonf/ udjk rwfNird ;f orD;oif;oif;r*Fvmaqmif
odkY vSvSygtwloGm;Muonf/ naebufOD;atmifwifOD;? udk0if;atmifESifh apmvGifwdkYvmonf/ ,aeYvnf;zsm;qJ/

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(1)&uf? wevFm/


aecif;bufarmifjr0if;vmonf/ ,aeYtzsm;oufomonf/
MAY 1991 13th Monday

12

pmrsufESm ( 25 ) okdU

MAY 1991 10th Friday

,aeYpmra&;Edkif/

pmrsuf E S m 24 rS t quf

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
udkcifarmifjrifhwdkYawGU? aqmif;yg;c(200)ESifh o&ufoD;oeyf wpfykvif; ay;vdkuf onf/ tcef;quf0wK&Snf
udpndMunfhrnf[k udkcifarmifjrifhu pmjyefa&;onf/ olwdkYvmOD;rnf[k ajymonf/ aeYcif;buf OD;apmvGifvm
onf/ rat;jrifharmifudkvSBudKif Army Rum (5)vHk; vmydkYoGm;onf/
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(13)&uf? pae/

MAY 1991 25th Saturday


166-178(13) 117-124(8)

'kwd,wGJ ,aeYpa&;onf/
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(14)&uf? we*FaEG/

MAY 1991 26th Sunday


179-191(13) 125-131(7)

nbuf O D ; apmvG i f v monf / bwf p f u m;rsm;tvH k t avmuf & S d y H k r &aMumif ; ? bwf p f u m;vd k i f ; wd k i f ; wG i f
rwefwqMuyfnyfaeaMumif;ajymonf/
1353 ck? e,kefvjynhf? wevFm/

MAY 1991 27th Monday


192-201(10) 132-138(7)

reuftapmBuD; udk0if;atmifvmonf/ ,aeY rdk;tawmf&Gmonf/ arwpfvvHk; yxrqHk; p&Gmjcif;jzpfonf/


MAY 1991 28th Tuesday
202-217(16) 139-147(9)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(1)&uf? t*Fg/

,aeYrdk;tenf;i,fquf&Gmonf/
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(2)&uf? Ak'[l;/

MAY 1991 29th Wednesday


218-237(20) 148-159(12)

rr tif;pdefoGm;tdyfonf/ nbufudkbjrifhwdkYvmonf/ o&ufoD;,lvmonf/ ,aeYrdk;enf;enf;&Gm onf/


nbufrdk;onf;onf/
MAY 1991 30th Thursday
238-349(12) 160-168(9)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(3)&uf? Mumoyaw;/

rrac:vmay;onfhtvkyform;ESifh tdrftrdk;? rD;zdkrsm;jyifonf/ vrf;xJrS tcgwdkif; (1)usyf a&mif;aom taMumf


rsm; ,ck(1) usyf (50)jym; jzpfoGm;onf/ qDaps;BuD;vdkY[ktaMumif;jyonf/ aeYcif;buf OD;apmvGifvmonf/
MAY 1991 31th Friday
250-260(11) 169-174(6)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(4)&uf? aomMum/

reuftdyf&mrxcif udk0if;atmiftaMumf0,fNyD; a&mufvmonf/ q,fem&Davmuf udkaomfESifh armif&nfrGef


0ufom;aygif;0,fNy;D a&mufvmonf/ qDtppfb,fvrkd S r&Edik af wmhaMumif;? rd;k OD; acgifonf/ ZGev
f (3)&ufavmufrS
atmufArmjynfodkY rkwfokefav0ifrnf/ rdk;av0ouajymonf/
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(5)&uf? pae/

June 1991 1st Saturday


261-272(12) 175-182(8)

reufydkif; oef;oef;jrvmNyD; tkef;oD;wpfvHk;ay;oGm;onf/ aeYcif;bufcGef*smrdIif;vmonf/ olUwdkufxkwfpmtkyf


tcsKdU,lvmonf/
1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(6)&uf? we*FaEG/

June 1991 2nd Sunday


273-285(13) 183-189(7)

naebufarmifoef;Edkifvmonf/ OD;jrifhaqGwdkY\ jrefrmjynfpmtkyfwdkufrSm azmifpm;pmjyif 0ifvkyf aeaMumif;


ajymonf/ xrif;auR;vdkufNyD; o&ufoD;oHk;vHk;a':a':htwGufay;vdkufonf/
June 1991 3rd Monday
286-295(10) 190-196(6)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(7)&uf? wevFm/

naebuf ocifwifOD;vmonf/ qkwifukrPDaxmifNyD; olUudkvHk;0tquftoG,f rvkyfonfrSm (9)vMum


NyDjzpfaMumif;ajymoGm;onf/
June 1991 4th Tuesday
296-315(20) 197-212(15)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(8)&uf? t*Fg/

reuftapmBuD; udk0if;atmifvmonf/ vSvSESifh oef;oef;jrifh[efopfodkY pmrloGm;ydkYonf/ wifudkatmifESifh


awGUNyD;pmrlc (300) ay;vdkufonf/
June 1991 5th Wednesday 1353 ck ? e,k e f v qef ; (9)&uf ? Ak ' [ l ; /
jrwfcdkifwdkY\ BuD;yGm;a&;vrf;nTef*sme,ftwGuf aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;onf/ ,aeYbmomrjyefjzpf/ udkwifatmif?
udkyef? udkuD;wdkYxH pma&;onf/
June 1991 6th Tuesday 1353
316-339( 24) 213-225 (13)

ck? e,kefvqef;(10)&uf? Mumoyaw;/

vSvSNrdKUxJoGm;NyD; jrwfcdkifwdkYqD pmrlydkY/ vufESdyfpufpuLESifh rifcHBudK;0,f?Burma Minifold (78ks) China


(105ks) rifcHBudK; (75ks) 'kwd,wGJ,aeYNyD;onf/ 174 pages.
June 1991 7th Wednesday
340-354(15) 226-234(9)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(11)&uf? aomMum/

[efopfrScifaZmfESifh atmifodef;(aumif;om)vmonf/ aumif;omu Tom Claney \ Bestseller pmtkyw


f pftyk f
ay;oGm;onf/ (Clear and present Danger) NyD;awmh aA'ifa[mpmtkyfay;onf/ taumif;a&G;a[mxm;onf/
June 1991 8th Thursday
355-373(19) 235-247(13)

1353 ck? e,kefvqef;(12)&uf? pae/

June 1991 9th Friday 1353


374-389(16) 248-256(9)

ck? e,kefvqef;(13)&uf? we*FaEG/

reufydkif;udk0if;atmifvmNyD; rGef;vGJydkif;rS jyefoGm;onf/ udk,kESifh olawGUcJhaMumif;? aeaumif; aMumif;ajymonf/


qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

usaemfoUl udpk odwmu tif;pdeo


f ;D oefUtusOf;axmifrmS / usaemf tif;pdeAf [kt
d usOf;axmifuae jypf'PfeUJ
oD;oefUaxmifudka&mufw,f/ rSwfrSwf&& 1992 ckESpf/ usaemfhudkwdkufxJxnfhjyD; 15rdepfavmuftMumrSm
ydefydef&Snf&Snf ESKwfcrf;arG;eJY axmifyHkpH 0wfpHktjzL0wfxm;wJh vlwa,mufu usaemfhwdkufcef;a&SU oHwdkifawG
&JhtjyifrSm vmxdkifw,f/jyD;awmh rufavmufp&mr&SdwJh tjyHK;wckudkjyHK;w,f/(tJ'Dtcsdefu wdkufudk a&csKd;cswJh
em&D0uf vrf;avsmufcsdefyg)jyD;awmh usaemfhudkpESKwfqufw,f rif;u 5nvm; udk,fu vSoef;ygwJh/
tJ'g[m uAsmq&mvSoef;eJUusaemf pawGUMuwJh aeUvnfcif;yJ/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u oD;oefUaxmif 1wdu
k af emufjcrf;rSm
usaemfa&mufwJhtcsdef uAsmq&mvSoef;&Sdw,f ?olUtudkt&if; yef;csD armifEdk;&Sdw,f?uAsmq&m armifaeEG,f
&Sdw,f? tckvuf&Sd {&m0wDr*Zif;u t,f'Dwm udkausmfpGmrdk;&Sdw,f? vuf&Sd DVB u udkrdk;at;&Sdw,f/
usef w J h o l a wmf a wmf r sm;rsm;vnf ; &S d M uw,f / jyD ; awmh ud k v S o ef ; u usaemf h u d k EG m ;aq;aygh v d y f
3vdyx
f w
k af y;w,f/ aemufraS t;aq;awGUr,fumG wJ/h 'g[m uAsmq&mvSoef;&Jh yxrqH;k aEG;axG;rSKqd&k ifvnf;
rrSm;bl;/aemufaeU awGrSmawmh udkvSoef;eJUusaemf a&csKd;cswJhem&D0ufrSm a&udktjrefcsKd;jyD; wdkufa&SUu
ajreDvrf;rSm uAsmtaMumif; awG pmtaMumif;awG usaemfudkvSoef;udk odcsifwmawG ar;jzpfcJhw,f/
tJ'DFtcsdefrSm usaemfu uAsmq&m jzpfcsifpdwfu tm;oefaecJhjyD/
oleJYusaemf oD;oefUaxmifrSm 2ESpfcGJavmuf twlaecJhjyD; udkvSoef;axmifuvGwfwJhaeUudka&mufawmh
usaemfwdkufcef;0a&SUrSm vmxkdifjyD; usaemfhacgif;udk oHwdkifawGMum;xJuae vufeJUyGwfjyD; nDav; tjyifrSm
jyefawGUMur,faemfwJh---/olUrsufvHk;rSm rsuf&nfpawGeJU---/usaemfhrsufvHk;rSmvJ rsuf&nfMunfawG0JvdkU/
2ESpfcGJavmuftwlaygif;oif;pum;ajymvdkuf&wJhoHa,mZOfu 2b0cGJpmrubl;/aemufusaemfrSwfrdao;w,f
?oltjrJwrf;0wfwwfwhJ rD;cd;k a&mif qG,w
f mav;udkf rif;twGuf ightrSww
f &vdUk ajymjyD; vufaqmifay;cJw
h ,f
/'g[m uAsmq&mvSoef;eJU usaemfeJU yxrqHk;awGUqHkjcif;ayghav/
tJ'DvdkeJU usaemfaxmifuvGwfjyD; b0rsKd;pHkudk usifvnfcJhw,f/aemufqHk;awmh usaemfrxifrSwfyJ pme,fZif;
orm;wa,mufjzpfcJhw,f/aemuf zuf&Sifr*Zif;&Jhwm0efcHt,f'DwmjzpfvmcJhw,f/tJ'Dtcsdefxd udkvSoef;
eJUrqHjk zpfao;bl;/ 'gayr,fv
h o
S ef;u [efopfr*Zif;&Jh pmrsufEmS awGupjyD; vSoef;qdw
k hJ xif&mS ;wJh uAsmq&m
wpfa,mufjzpfaejyD/olu tJ'Dwkef;u rav;&Sm;udka&mufaew,f/ olrav;&Sm;uae a&;jyD;ydkUvdkufwJhuAsm
wpfyk'fudk zwf&w,f /uAsmacgif;pOfu a&olreJU npmpm;jcif;wJh/[efopfrSmyJ xifw,f odyfrrSwfrdawmhbl;/
usaemfolUudkb,fvdkrS rawGUEdkifawmhbl;vdkUvJ xifrdw,f/
w&ufawmh uAsmq&m jidrf;aprif;eJU usaemf uefawmfav;u t&ufqdkifwpfqkdifrSmxdkifaomufaewkef;
aemufu ae usaemfhacgif;udkydwf&dkufvdkufjyD; acG;av;qdkwJhtoHudkMum;vdkuf&vdkU vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh
uAsmq&m vSoef;------/oleUJ usaemf bmpum;rSmrajymyJ wa,mufeUJ wa,muf tMumMuD;zufxm;rdw,f/
ab;rSm uAsmq&matmifbnKdvJ&Sdw,f/ jyD;awmh usaemfwkdU2a,muf bmpum;rS rajymyJ idkjzpfcJhMuw,f/
tJ'Daemuf awmh naewdkif; 33vrf;xdyfu vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm naewdkif; xdkifjzpfcJhMuw,f? (nKdnKd
aw;oHoiG ;f qdik af &SUu vrf;ab;vufzuf&nfqikd af v;yg)(usaemfe,fpyfrxGucf iftxdy)J tJ'w
D ek ;f u usaemf&,f
udkvSoef;&,f? uAsmq&mopfaumif;tdrf?vltdrf?MunfaZmfat;?[def;jrwfaZmf?pma&;q&mudkatmifcuf
(uG,v
f eG )f pma&;q&m rif;EG,pf ;dk ? yef;csDarmifE;kd ?yef;csDuu
kd Ekd ikd ?f yef;csDoed ;f ode;f ?pk;d udak tmif (uefUbvl)(uG,v
f eG )f
umwGef;azpdk;atmif?usaemfwdkUtkyfpkudk vlwdkif;u csD;usL;&wJhtxd usaemfwdkU naeUwdkif;wGJcJhMuw,f? nae
wdkif;wpfa,muf ra&mufvm&if vnfwqefUqefUarQmfcJhwJhtxd usaemfwdkU oHa,mZOfawGjrJcJhMuw,f?nae
6em&Davmufq&kd ifawmh ud,
k &f orspmrlceJU pkaygif;qyfaygif; &Da0a0naeawGujkd zwfoef;cJMh uw,f/usaemfu
rl;jyDq&kd if tdrrf jyefjzpfyJ udv
k o
S ef;&Jh '*Hak jrmuftrd u
f kd vdu
k t
f yfd jf zpfwmrsm;w,f/ reufq&kd if '*Hak jrmufaps;em;u
jzLeDndKjymqdkwJh vufzuf&nfqdkifav;rSm udkvSoef;eJUusaemf vufzuf&nfusqdrfhwpfa,mufwpfcGufeJU
tem*gwfawGukd tm;rem 0rcrf; ajymcJzh ;l w,f/ udv
k o
S ef;eJU usaemfeUJ u wcef;xJtwltyd w
f m/ udv
k o
S ef;tar
[m usaemfwdkU&JhtaryJ/olu olUom; uAsmq&m&Jholi,fcsif;awGudk olUom;vdkyJ qufqHcJhw,f/ usaemfu
tJ'DtcsdefrSm uAsmq&m 'DvufrsKd;jzpfaejyD/ udkvSoef;u usaemfhudk pum;wpfcGef;ajymzl;w,f/rif;udk igu
pme,fZif;orm; t,f'w
D myJq&kd ifrqufqb
H ;l rif;u axmifxu
G jf yD;awmh uAsmq&mjzpfaevdUk wJh opfaumif;
tdrfu a&;zl;w,f xrif;wpfvkyftwGuf owif;vkyfrpm;bl;wJh /udkvSoef;taMumif;qufajymr,f/
usaemftaMumif;trsKd;rsLd;eJU e,fpyfudk xGufvmyD; DVB rSm owif;axmufvkyfaewJhtcsdef-- 2007
a&T0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;rSm uAsmq&mrsm;or*&Jh zkef;udkqufygqdkvdkUqufvdkufawmh ajymcGifU&yk*Kdvfu
toHMum;&wmeJU usaemfrSwfrdwJh udkvSoef;/ &J&J awmufuAsmq&mu &J&Jawmufpum;awG owif;ydkUw,f/
'g[m vSoef;jzpfcw
hJ ,f/'g[m vSoef;tppfy/J vSoef;[m tm;remwwfb;l ?vSoef;[m rawGa0bl;?vSoef;[m
acwfujkd rifw,f?vSoef;[mb,foUl udrk S raMumufb;l ?vSoef;taMumif;ajymr,fqkd ody&f n
S v
f rd rhf ,f/'gayr,fh
usaemfodyfcspfcJh&wJh uAsmq&mvSoef; [m ckawmh usaemfwdkU b0xJuaexGufoGm;cJhygjyD/'gayr,fh ol[m
usaemfwUkd ESv;kH om;xJrmS xm0&&Sad er,fh uAsmq&mwa,mufyg/ol[m uAsm&Jh 0dmOfygyJ/ 'DtwGuf vSoef;[m
uAsmq&mawGudk olU0dmOfeJU qufjyD; &Sifoefapygvdrfhr,f/udkvSoef;aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap/
xuf & mZm
tudk tudkUudk 'DpmrleJU uefawmhygw,ftudk?tudkeJUusaemfeJU aecJhwJh&ufawGudk usaemf b,fawmhrS
rarh y gbl ; ? tud k a umif ; &mok * wd d v m;ygap /

25

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

by Ko Lin Wai Aung on Saturday, 4 February 2012 at 12:09

ru'w(ry)\tpc&D ;
ru'w(ry)[m tcuftcJawGMum;u
ae ay:ayguf v mwmyg/ 'D r wd k i f c if
ru'w(ucsif)udk atmifjrifpmG zJUG pnf;Edik f
cJhMuolawGudkvnf; rSwfwrf;wifMu&rSm
yg/
1990arvqef ; avmuf r S m
uRefawmfc&dkifrSL;wm0efeJUa&Tulc&dkifudk
oGm;&ygw,f/udknDnDausmfu Aef;armf
c&dkif? udkpdefat;urdk;nSif;c&dkif? udkatmif
BuD;urdk;aumif;c&dkifyg/ Aef;armfc&dkifxd
udn
k n
D aD usmf?uRefawmfeUJ udrk sdK;0if;wdUk oGm;
w,f/ udknDnDausmfAef;armfc&dkifrSmae
cJNh yD; udrk sdK;0if;eJUuGeaf wmfua&Tul c&dik u
f kd
qufoGm;ygw,f/ udkrsdK;0if;vdkufvm&
wJhudpu t&ifc&dkifrSL; udkatmifrdk;ausmf
KIA &JabmfwcsdKUeJUpum;tacstwif
jzpf N yD ; aoewf r S e f a oqH k ; &wJ h u d p & ,f
..pnf;&Hk;a&;rSL;wm0efacway;xm;wJh
OD;koef;xGef;u rdef;r,lxm;wJhudpawG
aMumifhyg/..

OD;oef;xGef;u rdef;r,lxm;NyD;
&GmrSmxm;w,f/ aiGaMu;axmufyHhxm;
w,f/toHk;taqmifawG a&'D,dk uuf
quf0,fNyD; rdef;rqDydkYxm;w,f KIA
qDuaiGxkwfNyD; &JabmfawGudk &dum
aiGrxkwfay;vdkU &JabmfawGtcuftcJ
NzpfMuwm ppfaq;awGU&Sdygw,f/ ppf
aq;zdkUac:xm;pOfrSm jyefxGufajy;oGm;
cJhvdkUjyefvnf zrf;qD;cJh&ygw,f/ OD;oef;
xGef; udkzrf;qD;ppfaq;NyD; Budrf'Pf( 20
) csuftjypfay;cJhygw,f/ ( cHk&Hk;tzGJUrSmuGefawmf?wyfMuyfBuD;xGef;vGif?wyfMuyf
pef;atmifwdkU 3 OD; jzpfygw,f) ? udkpef;
atmifuaemufydkif;rSm Aef;armf bufrSm
wdkufyGJusoGm;ygw,f/
udkrsdK;0if;u uGefjrLepfawGudkrBudKufwm
tJ'rD mS awGUcJb
h ;l w,f 'Dw;kH uOD;atmifEikd f
wdkUtzJGUawG&Sdao;w,f/olwdkU&JabmfawG
eJUudkrsdK;0if;eJUpum;tajctwif jzpfcJhyg
w,f / ud k r sd K ;0if ; A[d k j yef o G m ;NyD ; aemuf
jyoem wcku0ifygNyD/OD;oef;xGef;cdkif;
xm;wmawG vmydkYwmqdkNyD;&Gmom;(2)
a,muf u vmay;oG m ;wmyg/ txJ
zGifhMunfhawmh pm&Gufpmwrf;awG trsm;
BuD;yJ/..
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC ARMY(

a&Tucl &dik af &mufawmhuakd tmifr;kd ausmu


f pd
udkatmufajc&JabmfawGudkar;&ygw,f/
jzpfwJhae&mawGqD oGm;Munfhygw,f/ A
[dkrSmvnf; vlBuD;csif;ajymxm;NyD;udpyg?
(ru'w-ucsif)vufxufujzpfcw
hJ myg/
pum;rsm;&efNzpf&if; usnfqefxGufcJhvdkU
'DvNkd zpfcw
hJ mvdUk ESpzf ufv;kH u aumufcsuf
csw,f KIA&Jabmfukd ta&;,lrKS &Srd &Sd
aocsmrodawmhyg/

22

tzJ G U 0if c G i f h a vQmuf v T m awG & ,f


ru'w(ry)udkvdyfrlwyfxm;NyD;wifrJh
tzJUG tpnf;uESKyfxu
G af Mumif;pmawG&,f/
NDAzGJUpnf;aMumif;a&;xm;wJhpmawGyg/
a&T u l c &d k i f w pf c k v H k ; u&J a bmf a wG u d k
NDAtzJGUtjzpfajymif;rnfhf tpDtpOfawG
yg/.tE&m,frsm;wJt
h wGuf A[du
k kd tjref
wifjyNyD; OD;oef;xGef;udk apmifhMunfhae
pOftwGif;rSmbJ? OD;oef;xGef; wyfu
NDA)

xGufajy;oGm;ygw,f/
aemuf 1990 Zlvdkifvqef;
rSm (501)&if;rSL;udkodkufxGef;OD;eJU tzJGY
a&mufvmw,f/ awmifydkif;uaevmcJh
Muwmyg tH h M ocsD ; usL;&ygw,f / c&D ;
ta0;BuD ; u vmcJ h M uwmyg?vl ( 20)
avmuf&Sdw,f/wpfcsdKUu vrf;c&D; tqifh
qifrh mS usefaecJw
h mwJh udrk ;kd oD; vTwv
f u
kd f
wmjzpfNyD; ajrmufydkif;wyfawG eJUvufwGJ
tvk y f v k y f b d k U jzpf a Mumif ; od & w,f /
udkodef;xGef;(aq;rSL;)? udkoef;xGwf?udkEdkif
vif;(edKif^pnf;)?wdkUygwmawGUw,f/
udkodkufu uGefawmhtpfrawGeJUwpfwef;
wnf ; ( Phy-hons) wuf c J h w mod & w,f /
udkrdk;oD;oli,fcsif;yg/.ydkNyD;&if;ESD;cJhygw,f
.awmifydkif;u&JabmfawGa&mufvmawmh
0rf;omNyD;aysmfMuw,f/tm;awGvnf;ydk&Sd
oGm;ovdkcHpm;&w,f/ &JabmfawGvnf;
aysmfMuw,f/ txdrf;trSwftaeeJU0uf
tao;wpf a umif 0 ,f N yD ; ay:vd k u f M u
w,f/udkodkufeJU&JabmfwpfOD;udk w&kyf
jynfvrf;aMumif;twdkif; um;eJUA[dkudkydkU
&ygw,f/usefwJh&JabmfawGudk Aef;armf
c&dik u
f wqifh A[du
k ykd Ukd bdUk pDpOfay;&w,f/
(19.07.1990) tmZmenfaeU tcef;
tem;udk ESpzf UJG aygif;NyD;vkycf MhJ uwm owd&
ygw,f/odyrf Mumcifppfqifa&;awG0ifvm
ygNyD/udkufxdyfbufuwpfaMumif;?erfhcrf;
(ref0ed ;f )bufuwpfaMumif;rdik ;f acgefbufu
wpfaMumif;yg/uGefawmfwdkUu KIA &if;
(12) eJUwGJaewmyg KIA umuif;tzGJU
awGeJU w*sdrf;*sdrf;wdkufaewJhtcsdef uRef
awmfwdkU&Hk; tzJGUawG? KIA &Hk;tzJGUawG?
ae&ma&TUajymif; Mu&w,f/ wyfMuyfBuD;

xGef;vGifeJUwyfpdyf wpfpdyfyJ KIA awGeJUwGJ


ay;xm;cJh&wm rSwfrdw,f/
ajymif;Mua&TUMueJUaemufwpfv
avmufaeawmh A[dkutm;vHk;jyef wufcJh
bdkU aMu;eef;0ifvmw,f/
1990-Mo*kwv
f wwd,ywfavmuf A[dk
udkj yef a&muf ygw,f /A[d k a&muf NyD ; od yf
rMumcif udo
k aH csmif; rMumrMumajymwwf
wm rSwfrdao;w,f/ &Jvif;.. rif;udkig
owfcsifwmwJh/ awGUwdkif;ajymwwfw,f/
(5 )BudrfxufreJyg olupdwfxJ&Sd&ifNrHK
rxm;bl;/xkwfajymwwfw,f udkrsdK;0if;
eJUrwlbl; .tywfpOf(5)udpvm;- OD;oef;
xGef; udpudkifwG,fwmnhhHw,fxifvdkUvm;
rajymwwfawmhbl;/aemufwpfckta&;
BuD;wmu aZmfudkudk ta&;,lwJhudpyg
uGefawmfA[dkudka&mufa&mufcsif; BuHK&
wmyg..aZmfuu
kd a&SUwef;(jrpfBuD;em;c&dik )f rSm
tzGJUydkifaiGawGudk wvGJoHk;w,f bdef;&SL
w,f/qdkNyD;ta&;,lbdkUA[dkudk jyefac:xm;
NyD; zrf;xm;w,f/udkrsdK;0if;wdkUu ppfcHk
&Hk;zGJUNyD;ppfzdkUvkyfaeMuw,f/ppfcHk&Hk;rSm tJ'D
wHk;uw&m;a&;|meudkwm0ef,l&wJh OD;pdef
ygwmod & w,f / usef o l a wG b ,f o l
ygw,fqdkwm rodbl;/ OD;pdefu tJ'Dtcsdef
u jrpfBuD;em;c&dkifrSL; wm0efacw,lNyD;
jyefa&mufcsdefjzpfygw,f/
'gaMumif h p pf c H k & H k ; tzG J U rS m xnf h v d k u f w ,f
xifw,f/
OD ; pd e f u d k Ou | ud k x G e f ; atmif a usmf u
aoaocsmcsmrSmygw,f Ou| udkxGef;
atmifausmfwJrSmyg/aZmfudk&JUtoufudk
wwfEdkiforQu,fygwJh/ OD;pdefunaeus
awmh uGefawmfhudkajymw,f/

b,fvrkd u
S ,fvUkd r&awmhb;l wJh .
ao'PfqHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufMuw,fvdkU
od & w,f / 'D t csd e f u tjypf w pf c k & S d & if
ppfcHk&Hk;zGJUjyD; qHk;jzwfMuw,f/ A[dkaumf
rwDurqHk;jzwfbl; oufqdkif&m wyfrSL;?
ppf&Hk;wm0efcHeJU?pcef;rSL; ? axmufvSrf;
a&;awGeJUcHk&Hk;zGJUavh&Sdw,f/ rJcGJcJhr,fqdk
&ifawmif OD;pdef IH;rSmaocsmygw,f/
cH k & H k ; rS m u wyf u ol a wG t rsm;pk e J U zG J U
xm;wmjzpfaew,f/ aZmfudk&JUjypfcsuf
awGuawmfawmfrsm;w,fvdkUvnf; OD;pdef
ajymcJhwm&Sdovdk/ wyfzGJU0ifawmfawmf
rsm;u aZmfudkukd tjypf&Sdolwa,muf
taeeJ U jrif c J h M uygw,f / 1990-puf
wifbmavmufrSm axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJU
awGudk jyifqifwdk;csJUxm;wm&SdaeygNyD/
wm0ef c H u oef ; aZmf ( rE a v;)yg/aZmf
aZmfrif;(erm;)? atmifpdk;jrifh(rdk;nSif;)?
ausmfxifOD;(rdk;nSif;)?Anm;(rdk;aumif;)?
aemufydkif;ygvmolawGu oufvif;(Aef;
armf)?zdk;aESmif;wdkUyg uGefref'dkoifwef;
KIAuzGifhvdkU wyfpkwpfpkpm oifwef;
wufaeMuw,f/atmufwb
kd mavmufrmS
wyf&if;(702)wdk;csJUzGJUpnf;wm&SdvmygNyD/
Aef;armfc&dkifbufrSm pnf;&Hk;a&; vkyfief;
awG atmifjrifrSKawGp&aeygNyD/udknDnD
ausmfu Aef;armfc&dkifrSmwm0ef ,lwmyg/
a&G;aumufyGJaESmif;ydkif; umvrdkU vlopf
awGqufvuf0ifa&mufwm awG&Sdvm
ygNyD/
atmufwdkbmvqef;avmuf uGefawmf
wdkU a&SUwef;e,fajrjyefxGufMu&w,f
udjk rifah usm?f udak tmifBu;D ?udo
k u
kd x
f eG ;f OD;(501)?
yg
w,f (702)&if;rSL;

pmrsufESm ( 23 ) okdU

,cif t ywf r S t quf

pmrsuf E S m 22 rS t quf

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )
atmif o ef ; ?eJ U ud k r sd K ;0if ; vnf ; ygw,f /
ud k r sd K ;0if ; u ppf a Mumif ; oG m ;vm&mrS m
jrif;wpfaumifudk pD;NyD;c&D;pOfwavQmuf
oGm;cJw
h mrdUk &JabmfawG&UJ rsufaphpyg;arT;pl;
wmcH&ygw,f/ KIA wyf&if;(5)e,fajr
rdk;nSif;c&dkifrSm udkrsdK;0if;?udkpdefat;wdkU
usefcJhNyD;?udkatmifBuD;?udkodkufxGef;OD;eJU
uGeaf wmfuKIA&if;(11)e,fajr rd;k aumif;
c&dik u
f o
kd mG ;Muw,f/udjk rifah usmf(A[dak umf
rwD0if) u jynfwGif;udk jyef0if &wmyg/
aemufydkif;udkjrifhausmf tzrf;cH&NyD; eef;
wGif;axmifrSm(2)ESpfaecJh&w,fvdkU od&
ygw,f/

udo
k u
k d ef UJ uak d tmifBu;D wdUk zm;uefUbufxu
G b
f Uk d
vrf;cGo
J mG ;Muw,f &if;(11)e,fajrrSmuGeaf wmf
usefcJhw,f/aemufydkif; 1990-'DZifbm
avmufxifygw,f ppfaMumif;awGxdk;vm
awmh &if;(11)txdkifucGmMu&NyD; awm
awmif awGxJrSmbJ ae&ma&TUa&TUNyD; ae&
w,f / rMumcif &if ; (5)e,f a jruae
udkoef;xGef;pdk;a&mufvmNyD; olUudkA[dk
udkjyefbdkU udkrsdK;0if;u vTwfvdkufwm
qdkwmod&w,f/ uGefawmfvnf; armif
armifqdkwJhusef;rma&;raumif;wJh &Jabmf
udk oleJUtwlxnfhay;vdkufw,f/aemif&m
ygpcef ; rS m aq; uk & atmif y g KIA
vlcHwpfa,mufeJU {&m0wDjrpfwpfzufxd
ydkUbdkUpDpOfygw,f/
aemufaeU KIA 'k&if;rSL;uac:awGUNyD;
qifbdktxufem;rSm qifbdkuvmwJhppf
aMumif;u zrf;rdoGm;w,fajymygw,f/
awmif,mwJrSmntdyfaewHk; jzpfwmyg/
KIA vlcHuwJay:uckefcsNyD; xGuf tajy;
rSm cg;udkaoewfrSefygao;w,f/ tJ'D
'Pf&mudkjyvdkUMunfhcJh&wm rSwfrdw,f/
aemufawmhudkoef;xGef;pdk;eJY NrdKUay:rSm
jyef q H k w ,f / jrpf B uD ; em;axmif r S m (2)ES p f
aecJ h & w,f w J h / uH a umif ; ygw,f v d k Y
aemufyikd ;f rSmquf&adS er,fq&kd if aopm
&if;xJygrSmvdUk ajymawmh- tJ'w
D ;kH u udrk sdK;
0if;a&;ay;vdkufwJhpmxJrSm olUukd &Sif;ypf
vdkufvdkU a&;xm;w,fwJh/tJvdkajymw,f/
1991{NyDavmufxd &if;(11)e,f ajrxJrmS
ppfaMumif;awGudk a&Smif&Sm;aecJh&w,f/
KIA&H k ; tzG J U ?ausmif ; om;&H k ; tzG J U awG b J & S d
awmhw,f/wdkufcdkufa&;tzGJUawGu oH
vrf;taemufzufa&mufukefNyD/ aemuf
awmh &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;ygwD(ALP)
u twGif;a&;rSL;eJU(7)a,muf a&mufvm
Muw,f / zm;uef U buf u ae &cd k i f j ynf
e,fajrmufydkif;udkc&D;qufMurSmyg/ KIA
wyf & if ; (11) &if ; rS L ;topf e J U twl A [d k
uaevmcJhwmyg/ u&ifjynf e,fuae
vmcJhMuwmwJh/jrefrmjynf ajryHktwdkif;
wpfywfywfaeovm; xif&avmufyg
w,f / av;pm;csD ; usL;rd y gw,f / XING
XING pD;u&ufawGomG ;ay;NyD; pum;ajym
rdwfqufcJhwmrSwfrdygw,f/aemufawmh

olwdkUvnf;c&D; qufxGufoGm;Muw,f
KIA p n f ; & H k a & ; r S L ; t z J G U v n f ;
ygoGm;Muw,f/
'geJY&if;(5)e,fajrutzGJUeJUaygif;Edkifatmif
rdk;nSif;c&dkif ajreDawmifbufxGuf cJhyg
w,f/ajreDawmifra&mufcifrSmbJ 'kt&m
cHAdkvfatmif&Jpdk;wdkUtzGJUeJUqHkw,f/ vlopf
awG awmfawmfav;ygvmwmawGUw,f/
wpfcsdKUu,m,Dppfoifwef; wufNyD;wm
od&w,f.. aemufwpfywf avmufae
awmhudkpdefat;(c&dkifrSL;) wdkUtzGJUawGeJU
qHkMuw,f/&efukefrSm twlaecJhwJh ausmf
0P ( prf ; acsmif ; -tuo)ajrEk p cef ; rS m
usoGm;wmod&w,f/

ppfaMumif;awGx;kd awmhc&dik &f ;kH tzJUG (2)zGUJ a&m


vlopfawGa&m ajymif;&a&TU&eJU wae&m
rSm(2)&ufxuf ydkrae&cJhbl; rSwfrdwm
wpfcku- ppfaMumif;awGa&Smif&if; 60
'D*&DavmufrwfwahJ wmifaMumwpfcu
k w
kd uf
aeMuwm/tJ ' D r S m &J a bmf w pf a ,muf
tdkvrfyD,m(OLYMPIA) vufESdyfpufBuD;
udk w&kyfausmydk;tdyfeJUvG,fNyD;wufae
wm... rmefwif;NyD;wufaewm/eJeJ ar;
Munfah wmh&;kH tzGUJ rSmygwmwJ/h rd;k nSi;f c&dik f
&Hk;tzGJUrSm 0ifvkyfay;aewmwJh/ tdEd,
CAMP uae ajrmufyi
kd ;f udk pdw0f ifpm;vdUk
vmcJhwmwJh/
udkxdefvif; ygwJh aemufydkif;usrSyef;csD
q&m?tEkynmorm;wpfO;D rSe;f od&w,f/
aemufydkif; udkrsdK;0if; &if;(5)e,fajrudk
wpfacgufjyefqif;vmygw,f/ VCS ('kppf
a&;wm0efcH)tjzpfeJUyg/A[dkusrSbJtusdK;
taMumif;ar;r,fvdkUpOf;pm;rdw,f/jrif;
udk*sdKwyfvdkufMuwmvdkUtJ'DwHk;u jrif
w,f/wG-J twGi;f a&;rSL;(1)rSmwif axmuf
vSrf;a&;a&m/uGefref'dkwyfcGJ aumudkif
xm;wmyg/KIA uAdkvfrSL;vZdefabmuf
vnf ; a&muf v mMuw,f DAB tpD
tpOfeJU wpfedKifiHvHk;rSm ppfaMumif;awGzGJU
NyD;vSKyf&Sm;rSKawGvkyfzdkUwJh/ uGefawmfwdkU
qDuppfaMumif;(2)vdkYxifw,f/ tpnf;
a0;awGxikd ?f wm0efawGcMJG ueJU tvkyrf sm;
oGm;MuwmrSwfrdygw,f/
1991-Zl v d k i f wwd , ywf a vmuf x d
aumufauGUacsmif;0ef;usif?ajreDawmif
w0du
k ?f &if;(5)e,fajr?&if;(11)e,fajrawGrmS
vS n f h o G m ;aecJ h & w,f / awmf a wmf a v;
qif;&Jyifyef;Muygw,f/ aemufawmhA[dk
udkjyefwufMubdkU udkpdefat; KIA tzUGJ
uwpfcsdKUeJUwdkifyifNyD; Aef;armf txuf
bufuae {&m0wDudkul;NyD;em;vHk teD;
uae aemif&mygpcef;udk a&mufMuyg
w,f/1991- ZlvdkifvukefvdkUrSwfrdw,f/
aemif&mygpcef;a&mufawmh jrifuGif;u
rvSawmhygbl;/ KIA pcef;a&m? ausmif;
om;pcef;a&m a&BuD;vdkU rrSwfrdavmuf
atmifysufpD;aewm awGU&ygw,f/oif
wef;|meawGeJU tjrJpnfum;aecJhwm/

pcef;ab;rSmrdk;vJacsmif;qdkwm&Sdw,f/
pcef;tv,frSm prf;acsmif;ao;ao;av;
&Sdw,f/awmifusa&awGpD;vmNyD; acsmif;
ESpfckaygif;NyD; acsmif;tBuD;BuD;NzpfoGm;
w,f / tv,f r S m &S d w J h pcef ; awG ? wJ a wG
tuk e f y goG m ;w,f nbuf B uD ; jzpf w ,f
vdkUod&ygw,f/ ausmif;om;&Jabmf(11)
a,mufa&xJygNyD; uG,fvGefcJhMuygw,f/
&efuek rf mS twlaecJw
h hJ udrk ;kd [de;f (prf;acsmif;
-tuo) vnf;ygoGm;cJhw,f/ nDtpfudk
awGvdkaevmcJhwmyg/ KIA &Jabmf(30)
ausmfavmufvnf; ygoGm;w,fvdkU od&
w,f/

aemif&myg&GmxJu a&xJrygbJusefcJhwJh
tdrfjrifhav;awGrSmwpf&ufem;Muw,f/
usrf ; pmtk y f a wG z ,d k z &J a &pd k a ewmawG ?
acgif r d k ; avmuf x d a &awG j zwf p D ; oG m ;vd k U
&T H U ES p f a wG e H & H r S m ayusH a ewmawG - pd w f r
aumif;pGmawGU&ygw,f/aemufaeUreuf
tapm ru'w(ry) A[dkvdkifpifpcef;udk
quf xG u f c J h M uygawmh w ,f / tjrif h a y
6000ausmf&Sdygw,f/yHkrSefoGm;&ifvrf;rSm
wpf n td y f & w,f / naeyd k i f ; rS m awmh
tm;vH;k A[du
k jkd yefa&mufMuygNyD/A[dq
k w
kd m
&Jabmf tm;vH;k &JU taEG;axG;qH;k aomae&m
jzpfapcsifMuwmcHpm;bl;olrsm;odMurSmyg/

rsufESmzHk;rStquf
qH k ; uawmh ouf q d k i f & mol w k d Y e J Y y wf
oufvmNyDqdk&if uRefawmfwdkYkH;udkvSrf;NyD;
awmh twnfjyKcsuf,lyg/ uRefawmfwdkY
[m uRefawmfwkdYapvTwfxm;w,f? uRef
awmfwkdYeJY ywfoufw,fqkd&if tjynfh
t0wm0ef,lyghr,f/ tJ'Dvkd r[kwfvkdY
qifwl,kd;rSm;jzpfkHeJYawmh uRefawmfwdkY
wm0efr,lEidk b
f ;l / ud,
k hf uku
d ,
kd yf q
J ;kH jzw
fNyD;awmh oifhawmfovkdom wkefYjyefMuyg/
Q- aemufwpfcku tqdkawmfawGMum;
rSmMum;&wm apwem0oefyGJ eJYywfouf
vkw
Yd csdKUwdik w
f m awmwmawGukd ukjd rat;
&Sif;ay;w,fqdkNyD;Mum;&w,f/ bmaMumifh
tJ'DvkdtoHawGxGufvmwmvJ/
A - 'guawmh jzpf a vh j zpf x awmh & S d
ygw,f / tawG Y M uH K r&S d w J h o l w d k i f ; rS m
tcuftcJawmh &SdMurSmyg/ uRefawmfwkdY
ajyvnfatmifvYdk aqG;aEG;MuzkYd tckqv
kd Ydk
&S d & if a jyvnf r I & oG m ;ygNyD / 'gawG u
arwmysufaumif;MuwJh olawGr[kwf
ygbl;/
Q- aemufwpfcu
k *sme,fwpfapmifrmS awGY
w,f/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDaxmifr,fqkdNyD;awmh
twdtvif;a&;vmwmawGU&w,f/ a&G;
aumufyGJ0ifrSmvm;/ vTwfawmfxJoGm;rSm
vm;/ b,fvdkygwDrsdK;vJ/
A- tJ'gu tJ'D*sme,f&JU*kPfodumay:rl
wnfw,fAs/ uRefawmfwdkYbufuajymrSyJ
uRefawmfwkdYwm0ef,lEkdifw,f/ Mum;&
w,fqw
kd YJ pum;avmufeu
YJ awmh udjk rwf
cdkif aemuftdrfaxmifjyKr,fqdkNyD; uRef
awmfMum;w,fq&kd if udjk rwfcidk [
f uf[uf
yufyuf&,frSmaygh/ uRefawmfh[muRef
awmfb,fu Mum;w,fqdkwmawmh uRef
awmf h u d k u Ref a wmf tod q H k ; aerS m aygh /
udkjrwfcdkifudk,fwdkif aemuftdrfaxmifjyK
r,fvkdYajymw,fqkd&ifawmh'gaocsmwm
ayghAsm/ wqifhpum;eJY Mum;w,fqdkwm
avmufeJY *sme,fpmrsufESmay:wifr,f
qd&k ifawmh oufqikd &f m*sme,fuykd J ar;yg/
uRef a wmf w k d Y u wu,f v k y f r ,f q d k & if
aMunmNyD ; vk y f r S m yg/ owif ; pm&S i f ;
vif;yGJac:vdkufr,f/ uRefawmfwdkYygwD
axmifr,f/ okw
Yd nf;r[kwf vTwaf wmf0if
r,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;? yGifh

yG i f h v if ; vif ; vk y f & r,f h t vk y f a wG y g/


wu,fvkyfr,fqkd&if cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf
bmrS vkyfaep&mrvdkygbl;/
Q- aemufwpfcku t&ifu ukday:OD;u
Passport &NyD;awmh usefwJholawGr&vkdY
roGm;cJhbl;qdkwJ toHawGxGufxm;wm&Sd
w,f/ tckukdukdBuDuxGufoGm;w,faygh
aemf/ roGm;bl;? oGm;w,fqdkwm (88)
twG u f y J p H x m;wmvm;/ tm;vH k ; &rS
oGm;rSm rsdK;vm;/
A- uRefawmfwkdYu uRefawmfwkdYeJYtrIwGJ
awGaygh/ wpfokwfwnf;w&m;pGJcH&w,f/
wpfNydKifeufwnf;jyefvGwfvmw,f/ tJ'D
vl awGavmufuawmh wNydKifeufwif&if
wpfNydKifeufwnf; ay;&r,fvkdY em;vnf
xm;ygw,f/
Q- uk d u d k B uD ; pG H N yD q d k N yD ; awmh a jymaeMu
wJh[m
A- udkukdBuD;uHaumif;oGm;NyDayghAsm/
Q- ukday:OD;ua&muHraumif;ao; bl;
vm;/
A- tvSnfhuawmhbk&m;ocifu tHpm
wHk;ukdifxm;wkef;aygh/
2012? atmufwb
kd m (20)&uf? n(8)em&D
88rsd K ;quf a usmif ; om;rsm;k H ; cef ; wG i f
awGUqHkar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/

(a&S U tywf q uf z wf y g&ef )

rajymol

ajymp&m&Sdwmrsm;
ajymyg
ajymyg ? ajymyg
ajymav/
ajymyg?ajymav
ajymav?ajymav/
ajymp&m&Sdwm
ajym&rSmayghav
rajymvkdUr&bl;ayghav
ajym&rSmayghav/
ajym&r,fqkdawmh
tif; . . . .?
ajym&rSmawmhcyfcufcufyJ
tif; . . ?ajym&rSmawmhcyfcufcufyJ/
ajymqkdvkdYom
ajym&rSmukd; /

/
atmifcsdrfh

23

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

OIC k;H rzGiv


hf pS af &;
rEav;oHCmawmfrsm;
qExw
k af zmf
ppfawGNrKdUwGif zGiv
hf pS rf nfh OIC k;H zGiv
hf pS rf nfu
Y pd E iS hf
ywfouf? rEav;NrdKU av;jyifav;&yf&o
fdS C
H mawmfrsm;rS
qEjyuefu
Y u
G rf u
I kd atmufwb
kd m(15)&ufaeY aeYv,f(1)
em&Du rEav;NrKdUcsrf;jrompnfNrKdUe,f 62vrf;ESihf odyv
H rf;
axmifwGif pwifxGufcGmcJhonfudk odkYawGU&SdcJh&onf/
Ps (APL)

30

21-10-2012,Sunday

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

jrefrmEkdifiHvufvDa&mif;csolrsm;toif; w&m;0iftoif;zGJYpnf;Ekdifa&;twGuf
toif;0ifzdwfac:jcif;ESifU toif;\vkyfief;pOfrsm; &Sif;vif;wifjyaqG;aEG;yGJ
usif;y

&efukef? atmufwkdbm(18)&uf
,m,DzGJYpnf;xm;onfh jrefrmEkdifiH
vufvDa&mif;csolrsm;toif;wnfaxmif
jcif; toif;0ifrsm;zdwaf c:jcif;ESihf w&m;0if
toif;zGJYpnf;Ekdifa&;twGuf toif;\
vk y f i ef ; pOf r sm;ud k &S i f ; vif ; wif j yaqG ;
aEG;yGu
J kd (2012)ckEpS ?f atmufwb
dk m(18)
&uf ? eH e uf ( 9)em&D r S (11)em&D t xd
UMFCCI yxrxyf ( pnf ; a0;cef ; r)
aqmifwGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
jref r mEk d i f i H v uf v D a &mif ; csol r sm;
toif ; ( Myanmar Retailes Assciat

ion)&nf&G,fcsufrS

jrefrmEkdifiH&SdvufvD
ta&mif ; qk d i f r sm;\ tusd K ;pD ; yG m ;ud k
wpfbufwpfvrf;rS ulnyD yhH ;kd ay;Ekid af om?
tumtuG,fay;Ekdifaom EkdifiHawmfESifh
jynf w G i f ; ? jynf y tzG J Y t pnf ; rsm;ES i f h
quf o G , f a qmif & G u f r I r sm;wG i f jref r m
Ekid if v
H ufvq
D idk rf sm;tm; ud,
k pf m;jyKonfh
toif;wpfcw
k nfaxmif&eftwGuf vuf
vD v k y f i ef ; e,f y ,f t oD ; oD ; wG i f vk y f
ud k i f a eMuaol v k y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;ES i f h z d w f
Mum;xm;ol r sm;pk p nf ; (2012)ck E S p f ?
pufwifbmv(20)&ufrSpwif SdEIdif;

Hip Hop tqdkawmf Soe Gyii

aqG;aEG;rIrsm;jyKvkycf NhJ yD; ,m,D zGpYJ nf;Ekid f


cJhaMumif;od&onf/
,m,DzpYJG nf;NyD;jzpfwhJ vufvaD &mif;
csol r sm;toif ; zG J Y p nf ; Ek d i f a &;twG u f
u@toD ; oD ; rS vuf v D a &mif ; csjcif ;
vkyfief;vkyfudkifaeMuolrsm;ESifh pme,f
Zif;q&mrsm;udk zdwfMum;NyD;toif;0if
wpfa,muf\ &&Sv
d mEkid rf nfh tusdK;cHpm;
rIrsm;ud&k iS ;f vifwifjyay;cJNh yD; wufa&muf
vmolrsm;rS odvkdorQar;jref;rIrsm;udk
vnf ; jyef v nf a jzMum;ay;cJ h a Mumif ;
od&onf/
PMMK

\ ppfonfaw;t,fvbrfrdwfquf
Hop

Frenzo Music Production rS Hip


tqdkawmf Soe Gyii \ ppfonf

aw;t,fvbrf rdwq
f ufyt
JG crf;tem;udk
(2012)ck E S p f ? atmuf w d k b m(18)&uf
aeYv,f(2)em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU AdkvfcsKyf
vrf ; ay:&S d Central Hotel (6)vT m wG i f
usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ tqdkygtcrf;tem;
wGif tqdkawmf Soe Gyii rS ppfonf
t,fvbrfwGif oDcsif;yk'fa& (13)yk'fyg
0ifNyD; oDcsif;wpfy'k u
f kd yHpk w
H pfrsKd;pDjzpfqkd
xm;aMumif; (28?10?2012)&ufwiG f jynf
vrf; pdeaf *[mwGif aeYv,f(2)em&DrS (4)
em&Dtxd? vSn;f wef;pdeaf *[mwGif nae
(6)em&Dr(S 8)em&Dtxd ydrk ;kd &Si;f jyKvkyo
f mG ;
rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymMum;cJo
h nf/ TTM

Solar-led Technology Trading Co.., Ltd \


Hyrax tif*sif0dkifypnf;rdwfquf
Hyrax tif*sif0i
kd yf pn;f rdwq
f ufyu
JG kd
(20?10?2012)&uf eH e uf ( 9)em&D w G i f
Solar-led Technology Trading Co., Ltd

\ ta&mif;jycef;jzpfaom &efuek b
f w
l m
BuD;ta&SU r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &ef
ukef usif;ycJo
h nf/ Hyrax tif*sif0ikd u
f kd
rav;&Sm;Ekid if w
H iG f pdppfxw
k v
f yk x
f m;aom
tmqD,H Product jzpfNyD; ISO 9001:2000
Ouality System Certificate &&Sdxm;NyD;

GIORDANO ql;avqkdifopfzGifhyGJESifh
(2012) Fall Winter CollectionShow

usif;y

&efukef? atmufwkdbm(18)&uf
jrefrmEkid if rH S emrnf&NyD;om; Brand wpfcjk zpfwhJ GIORDANO qkid o
f pfziG yhf u
JG kd
&efuek Nf rdKU? (35)vrf;ESihf (36)vrf;Mum;&Sd taemf&xmvrf;ray:wGif (2012)ckEpS ?f atmuf
wkb
d m(18)&uf n(4)em&DwiG f usif;yjyKvkycf o
hJ nf/
qkid o
f pfziG yhf t
JG aejzifh armf',fav;rsm;u GIORDANO, BSX 0wfprHk sm; 0wfqif
okyfjyay;cJhNyD;? tdyfrufqkH&mtpDtpOf(2)rS &JaoG;aemif? Idif;a0,H? olZmvif;?
at;csrf;rkd;? apmNzdK;a0ausmf? tdjzLodrhfwkdY\azsmfajzrItpDtpOfrsm;? Facebook BSX
f ahJ Mumif;od&onf/
PMMK
Lucky Draw tpDtpOfrsm;jzifh usif;yjyKvkyc

Miracle Post Media


Production House rS

0efaqmifrIESifhrD'D,menf;ynmrsm; okyfjy&Sif;vif;rdwfquf
Miracle Post Media Production
House uk r P D \ 0ef a qmif r I E S i f h rD ' D

,menf ; ynmrsm; ok y f j y&S i f ; vif ;


rdwq
f ufyu
JG kd (19?10?2012)&uf aeYv,f
(2)em&DrS (4)em&Dtxd &efuek Nf rdKU? A[ef;
NrdKUe,f wuov
kd &f yd o
f mvrf;opf&dS Crystal Jade Restaurant wG i f usif ; yjyK
vkycf o
hJ nf/ tqdyk gtcrf;tem;wGiM
f iracle
Post Media Production House \ CEO
udk mPrS ]]aumif;uifwiG f ysHoef;du
k u
f ;l
Ed k i f a om buf p H k o H k ; Hexacopteronf
aumif;uifo(Ykd 5)rdepfrS (7)rdepftxdysHoef;
dkuful;EdkifNyD; rdk;t&rf;&GmvQif dkufr&
aMumif ; ? tenf ; qH k ; u'f w pf u 'f N yD ; rS
wpfu'ftoH;k jyK&aMumif;? 0,f,v
l v
kd Qif (1)vtcsde,
f Nl yD; xdik 0f rf? a[mifaumiforYkd mS
ay;&aMumif;? eHeufyikd ;f aomfvnf;aumif;? naeydik ;f aomfvnf;aumif; tcsdeyf ikd ;f jzifh
Xm;&rf;vdkvQif tcsdefwpfydkif;udk usyf(1)odef;cGJ&SdaMumif;ESifh ,ckvuf&Sda&mif;zdkY
qEr&Sad o;aMumif;}}[l pme,fZif;rsm;odYk jyefvnfajzMum;cJo
h nf/
TTM

American
Petroleum
Institue
(API)MTUESifh European Automobile
Yk S
Manufactures Association (ACEA)wdr

todtrSwfjyKaom tif*sif0dkifvnf;jzpf
aMumif;od&onf/ ,ckvuf&SdwifoGif;
aom tif*si0f ikd t
f rsK;d tpm;rsm;rSm- Hyrax
Ultimate (4Ltr) (Petro-20w/50), Hyrax
Enduro (5 Ltr) Diesel -15w/40 CI 4,
Hyrax Enduro (Drum) SAE-15w/40
CI4, Hyrax Superguard (Drum) SAE20w/50 API CF 4/ SG, Hyrax
Superguard (Drum) SAE-15w/40 API

21-10-2012,Sunday

wdYk jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ tif


*sif0dkifrsm;udktoHk;jyKNyD;ygu uDvdkrDwm
(5000)txd Granty ay;xm;NyD; tif*sif
uDvdkrDwm (1)odef;ausmfum;rsm;twGuf
&nf&,
G
f Superguard 20w/ 50 udk Diesel tif * sif ? Petro tif * sif r sm;twG u f
CF 4/SG

xyfraH &muf&v
dS mrnft
h qifjh rihf tif*sif0ikd f
trsKd ; tpm;rsm;rS m - Hyrax- Platineum
(Fully Synthetic 0w?30), Hyrax Aureus
: (Fully Synthetic 5w/40sm), Hyrax Elite
Ulta (Semi Synthetic 10w/40)wd k Y j zpf
aMumif;od&onf/
TTM

31

V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 26 )

tcef;quf
bmomjyefaqmif;yg;

jrefrmESifh *smreD
1950 ckESpfrsm;rS 1988 ckESpf etz
tpk d ; &wnf a xmif c sd e f t xd *smreD E d k i f i H
(Federal Republic of Germany-FRG)

onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufppfvufeufypnf;
ESifh enf;ynmwkYdwGif tBuD;qHk;aom yifr
&if ; jrpf j zpf c J h o vk d a'ocH u muG , f a &;
puf r I v k y f i ef ; BuD ; xG m ;vmrI w G i f v nf ;
t"duusaomtcef;u@rSyg0ifcJhonf/
xkdtquftpyfrsm;ukd tajccHum jrefrm
EkdifiH\ EdkifiHjcm;a&;&m qufoG,frIrsm;wGif
txl;wvS,fta&;ygaom tcef;u@rS
yg0ifcJhonf[k od&SdEdkifonf/ 1980 ckESpf
tapmykdif;umvwGif ae0if;tpkd;&twGuf
"mwkaA'pufHkukdvQdLU0SufpGm wnfaqmuf
ay;aeaMumif; FRG tm; vlod&SifMum;pGyf
pGJ ajymqkdcHcJh&onf/ xkdESpfEdkifiH\ qufqH
a&; taetxm;udkvnf; pdk;&drfaMumif;
rMumcPqk d o vk d tajymcH c J h & onf /
odkYaomf xkdpkd;&drfrIudk tajccHum rnfokdY
rnf r Qvk y f a qmif r nf [ l a om ajymqk d o H
xGufrvmcJhovkd vkyfvnf;rvkyfaqmifcJh
yg/ 1988 ckESpf 'Drkdua&pDqEjyyGJwkdYwGif
vufeufrJhqEjyolrsm;tm; &efukefNrdKU\
vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif *smreDEdkifiHvkyf atmfwkd
rpfwpfkdifz,faoewfrsm;jzifh ypfcwfaeyHk
rsm;ukd EdkifiHwumkyfjrifoHMum;rsm;wGif
jyoMuaomtcg xkda0zefoHwkdYonftjrifh
qH;k odaYk &muf&cdS ahJ vawmhonf/ Bonn tpk;d &
ESifh jrefrmppftmPm&Siftpkd;&wkdY\qufqH
a&;c&D ; &S n f B uD ; ES i f h if ; quf q H a &;tm;
w&m;0if t axmuf t yH h v rf ; aMumif ; ES i f h
EdkifiHykdifppfvufeuf xkwfvkyfa&;pufHkwkdYrS
wpfqifh wnfNrJaeaprItay:wGif *smref
ygvDrefxJwGif ar;cGef;rsm;ar;p&mjzpfaecJh
onf/
trsm;jynf o l w d k Y \ wG e f ; tm;rsm;
aMumifh FRG onf 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;
wGif ol\ajcvSr;f tm; aemufoYkd qkwv
f u
dk f
NyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ tonf;toefvkdtyfae
aom ppfypnf;rsm;? ppfenf; ynmrsm;ESifh
uk e f M urf ; yp n f ; rsm;uk d tjcm;wk d i f ; jynf
rsm;ukdom axmufyHhapcJhonf/ ,cktcg
rMumao;cifESpfrsm;twGif;u yl;aygif;oGm;
onfh*smreDEkdifiHonf EkdifiHwGif;ESifh tjynf
jynfqkdif&m uefYowfcsufrsm;ukd tmcH?

32

tHwkum jrefrmjynf\ vQdLU0Sufppf rIa&;&m


vufwaJG zmf wpfzefjyefjzpfvmcJah vonf/
tapmykdif; tquftoG,frsm;
1948 ckEpS f jrefrmjynf United Kingdom rS vGwfvyfa&;&onhftcsdefrS p
tawGYtBuHKEke,faom 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf
*smreDEkdifiH\ pufrIjzpfxGef;atmifjrifrI
tay:wGif txifBuD;tm;uscJhonf/ jrefrm
jynfonf FRG tm; enf;ynmESifh pD;yGm;
a&;tultnDtwGuf tvm;tvm aumif;
aom t&if;tjrpfwpfcktjzpf jrifvmcJh
onf/ jrefrmjynfonf *smreDESifh ppfyGJukd
1952 ckESpfwGif w&m;0if&yfpJcJhonf/ av;
ESpfMumaomtcg jrefrmjynfonf ol\
wif;usyaf om Edik if jH cm;a&;ay:vpDjzpfonfh
ESpfykdif;uGJaeonfh wkdif;jynfEdkifiHrsm;tm;
todtrSwrf jyKqo
dk nfurdk odusKd ;EGjH yKBonn
tpkd;&ESifh &efukeftpkd;&wkdYonf oHwref
qufqHa&;ukd pwifwnfaxmifcJhMuonf/
xkdESpf wpfESpfxJrSmyif ukefoG,frI oabm
wlnDrI&&SdcJhMuonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom
w&m;0ifvnfywfrIrsm; ESpfzufpvHk;wGif&SdcJh
onf/ 1962 ckESpfwGif ae0if;onf OD;Ek\
'Drkdu&ufwpf Civil tpdk;&ukd jzKwfcJhaomf
vnf; xkEd pS Ef idk if q
H ufqaH &;onf ykrd w
dk ;dk yGm;
cJhonf/
1970 ck E S p f w G i f taemuf * smreD r S
tultnDESifh pD;yGm;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
rIrsm;twGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom oabmwl
nDcsufpmcsKyfrsm;a&;xkd;cJhMuonf/&vm'f
taejzifh 1969 ckESpfESifh 1986 ckESpfrsm;
twGif; Bonn tpdk;&onf ae0if;\ jrefrmh
qkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD(rqv)tpkd;&tm;
tar&duefa':vm 419.7oef;wGif 77.4
oef;tm; grants taejzifh ay;cJhNyD;342.3
oef;tm; acs;aiGtaejzifhay;cJhonf/xkdrQ
BuD;rm;aom yrmP&Sdaom taxmuftyHh
aMumifh xkdacwfxkdtcgu *smreDEkdifiHonf
*syefEkdifiHtNyD;wGif 'kwd,tBuD;qHk;aom
aid donor jzpfcJhonf/
jref r mEd k i f i H o nf v nf ; taemuf
*smreDEdkifiH\ ukefypnf;rsm;ESifh enf;ynm
wkdYtwGif; t"duaps;uGufwpfckjzpfcJhonf/
1960 ESifh 1970 ckESpfrsm;wGif ESpfpOf
oGif;ukefwefzkd;onf tar&duefa':vm
10.93 oef;&Sd tJ'DESpfrsm;aemufrSmawmh
wpfESpfvQif 23.38 oef;&SdcJhavonf/

1981 ESifh 1987 ckESpfrsm;wGif FRG rS


jrefrmjynfwYdk oGi;f ukerf sm;wefz;kd rSm tar&d
uefa':vm 540.22 oef;txd wkd;cJh
onf/ ysrf;rQ taejzifhqkdvQif wpfESpfvQif
77.17 oef; &dScJhavonf/
United States Arms Control and
Disasmament Agency (ACDA) \ tqkd

t&qkdvQif xkdoGif;ukefrsm;rSm ppfwyfESifh


oufqkdifaom ukefypnf;rsm;? 0efaqmifrI
rsm;?yrmPBuD;rm;pGm yg0ifcJhonf/ um
uG , f a &;twG u f xk w f u k e f y p n f ; rsm;
twGuf wnfaqmufaompufHkrsm;ESifh
&nf & G , f c suf E S p f r sd K ;twG u f toH k ; jyKEd k i f
aom txl;ojzifh ppfwyftwGuf toHk;ykd
jyKEdkifaom ud&d,mwefqmrsm;pGm yg0ifcJh
onf / Oyrmqk d & vQif 1978 ck E S p f E S i f h
1982 ckESpf rsm;Mum;wGif FRG \ rSwf
wrf;rsm;t& jrefrmjynfodkY vGTJajymif;ay;
aomvufeufrsm;\ wefzkd;rSm tar&duef
a':vm oef; 30 &SdcJhavonf/
vufeufrsm;ESifh vufeufpufHkrsm;
jrefrmEdkifiH\ udk,fykdifvufeuf pufHkrsm;
zGYGHNzdK;wkd;wuf&ef BudK;yrf;rIonf 1950
ckESpfrsm;wGif pwifcJhonf/ tDwvD EkdifiH
xkwf 9mm TZ 45 qyfAfr&Sif; aoewf
rsm; (jrefrmjynfwGif BA 52 odkYr[kwf
ae0if; pwif;(ef)[k ac:

wGio
f nf)ukd twkc;dk xkw&f efEiS hf tao;pm;
vuf e uf c J , rf ; rD ; ausmuf r sm; xk w f & ef
&nf&G,f vufeufpufHktm; &efukefNrdKU&Sd
tif;vsm;uefem;wGif aqmufvyk cf yhJ gonf/
jrefrmvufeuf pufHkonf 1956 ckESpf
wGif txl;atmifjrifcJhygonf/ odkYaomf
taemuf*smrPD EdkifiH\ EkdifiHykdif Fritz
Werner Industrie Ausrustungen Gmbh
rS ae &efukefNrdKUwGif Gewehr 3 (G3)

atmfwkdrpf wpfkdifz,frsm; xkwfvkyf&ef


twGuf pufHkwnfaqmuf&ef He ckler
and Koch pufHkESifh oabmwlnDcsuf&Sd
cJhygonf/xkdpufHkwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf
aiGaMu; taxmuftyHhukd FRG tpdk;&rS
aumif;rGefpGm axmufyHhcJhonf/ xkdya&m
*sufrSm atmifjrifcJhygonf/ xkdya&m*suf
onf G3 tm; jrefrmppfwyf\ ajcvsif
wyfzGJYrsm;\ yHkrSefvufeuftjzpf toHk;
jyKNyD; rMumcifrSmyif pwifcJhonf/ G3
oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;ukd xkwfvkyfcJhonf/ assault
kdifz,f? Light machine gun ESifh sniper
kdifz,fwkdYjzpfMuonf/ jrefrmhppfwyf\
vufeufpufHkrsm;ukd ydkrkdvHkNcHK pdwfcs&
aom ae&mrsm;&Sdap&eftwGuf 'kwd,
vufeufpufHktm; jrefrmjynf atmufykdif;
&Sd jynfNrdKUwGif wnfaqmufcJhNyD; 7.62
mm ESifh 9 mm tao;pm;vufeufrsm;
xkwfvkyfcJhygonf/
quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf
publication by
Strategic and Defence Studies
Centre
Research School of Pacific and
Asian Studies
The Australian National
University
Canberra
Year:2000
Andres Selth a&;

pdk;jrwfEG,fbmomjyefzvS,fonf/

q&mBuD;OD;*kdtifum\ tjynfjynfqkdif&m "r*D&d0dyemtzGJY


axmifwGif;w&m;ywfrsm;(jrefrmjynf)&efyHkaiG&SmazGa&;aumfrwD\
tvSLaiGay;tyfyGJESifhpme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJusif;y

&efukef? atmufwkdbm (20)


q&mBuD;OD;*kdtifum\ tjynfjynfqdkif&m "r*D&d0dyemtzGJYaxmifwGif; w&m;
ywfrsm; (jrefrmjynf) &efyHkaiG&SmazG a&;aumfrwD\ tvSLaiGay;tyfyGJESifh pme,fZif;
&Sif;vif;yGJukd (20-10-2012) &ufaeYvnf(1)em&Du &efukefNrdKU? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd
City Star Hotel wGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
tqkdygyGJokdY axmifwGif;w&m;ywfrsm; (jrefrmjynf) &efyHkaiG&SmazGa&;aumfrwD\
tzGJY0ifrsm;? tvSL&Sifrsm;ESifh pme,fZif; rD'D,mrsm; wufa&mufcJhMuNyD; &efyHkaiG&Sm azGa&;
aumfrwDOu| OD;pef;0if; (SAT) u axmifwGif;w&m;ywfrsm; (jrefrmjynf)ESifh ywfouf
]]tifpdefaxmifrSm ,ck "r[dwokc"r&dyfomrSm wpfESpfukd (10)&ufw&m;ywf(18)Budrf
usif;yygw,f/ om,m0wDtusOf;axmifrSmawmh "r&dudwvdkY trnf&wJh 0dyem&dyfom
wpfcu
k dk (2003)ckEpS f rwfv(15) &ufaeYrmS pwifNy;D awmh zGiv
hf pS Ef ikd cf yhJ gw,f/ om,m0wD
tusOf;axmifrSm (10)&uf w&m;ywfwpfESpfukd (10)Budrf usif;yygw,f? rEav;tkd;bkd
tusOf;axmifrSmawmh "r0dok'wdqkdwJhtrnf uRefawmfwdkY w&m;ywfawGukd (2010) ckESpf?
azazmf0g&Dv(19)&ufaeYrSm pwifNyD;awmh zGifhvSpfEdkifcJhygw,f/ wpfESpfukd (10)&uf w&m;
ywf(12) Budrf usif;yygw,f/ (2012) ckESpfatmufwkdbmvtxd w&m;tm;xkwfNyD;wJh
tusOf;om;a,m*Daygif;uawmh trsdK;om; (5621)OD;? trsdK;orD;tusOf;ol(1293)OD;?
touf(16)uae touf(20)txd trsdK;om;vli,f(308)OD; tusOf;axmif0efxrf;
(120)OD;eJY pkpkaygif; (7641)OD; w&m;tm;xkwfNyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dw&m;ywfawGrSm qGrf;p&dwf
tjzpf ukefusp&dwf a,m*DwpfOD;ukd (400)EIef;eJY aeYpOf ukefusp&dwfukd EdkifiHawmftpkd;&?
tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeu axmufyHhygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYu a,m*DawGukd aeYpOf(1200)EIef;eJY
auR;arG;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdY uRefawmfwdkY tvSLaiG tusOf;om;a,m*D wpfa,muftwGuf
(700) usyfvkdtyfygw,f/ 'D(700)usyfudkawmh uRefawmfwkdY vuf&Sd a,m*Da[mif;rsm;uae
NyD;awmh vSL'gef;aewmjzpfygw,f/ tusOf;om;a,m*Drsm;taeeJYawmh tvSLaiGrxnfh0if
Ekdifygbl;/ olwkdYrSm 0ifaiGvnf;r&SdMuygbl; 'gaMumifhrkdY axmifw&m;ywfawG tquf rjywf
usi;f yEdik zf Ydk uReaf wmfwYdk tckv&kd efykH aiG&mS azGa&;aumfrwDzNYJG y;D awmh ay:ayguf vm&jcif;jzpf
ygw,f}} [k ajymMum;cJhonf/
qufvufNyD; axmifwGif;w&m;ywfrsm;\ yxrqHk;tvSL&SifESifh &efyHkaiG&SmazGa&;
aumfrwD\ twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfol a':at;rr(ac:)aw;oH&SifoQDu ]]bmyJ ajymajym tusOf;
axmifxrJ mS a&mufaewJh olawG[m olw&Ykd UJ tjypfawGaMumifh a&mufwo
hJ [
l m (90) &mcdik Ef eI ;f
avmufawmh&ydS gw,f/ usew
f hJ (10)&mckid Ef eI ;f uawmh olwt
dYk jypfr&Sb
d eJ YJ taMumif; trsKd ;rsKd ;
aMumifha&mufaewJh olawGayghav/ tJ'D(90)&mckdifEIef;u 'Dw&m;ywfawGukd 0ifNyD;awmh
olwkdYpdwfawG[m vHk;0ajymif;vJ oGm;jcif;r[kwfbJeJYawmif tenf;txkduf tavsmufqkd&if
awmifrS olwjYdk yefxu
G v
f m wJt
h cgrSm olwYkd ywf0ef;usirf mS trsm;Bu;D aumif;usKd ;jzpfvmvdrhf
r,fqkdwJh pdwfxJrSm cHpm;csufawGjzpfygw,f}} [k ajymMum;cJhonf/
axmifwGif;w&m;ywfrsm;(jrefrmjynf) &efyHkaiG&SmazGa&;aumfrwDukd Ou|tyg
t0iftzGJY0if(21)OD;jzifh zGJYpnf;xm;NyD; tqkdygtcrf;tem;wGif axmifwGif;w&m; ywfrsm;
PK
twGuf tvSLaiGodef; (100) 0ef;usif&&SdcJhaMumif;od&Sdonf/

rif;jym;NrdKYe,f oHCmawmfESifh jynfolrsm;u


OIC Hk;rzGifha&;twGuf uefYuGufqEjy
rif;jym;? atmufwkdbm (20)
&cdkifjynfe,f? rif;jym;NrdKUwGif oHCm
awmfrsm;ESifhjynfolvlxkrsm;u OIC Hk;
rzGifha&;twGuf uefYuGufqEazmfxkwfrI
uk d (20-10-2012)&uf a eUvnf (12)
em&DrS (1)em&DcGJxd rif;jym;NrdKUe,f&Sd &efukef
ppf a wG u m;vrf ; wG i f jyKvk y f c J h M uonf /
tqk d y gqE a zmf x k w f y G J w G i f b*F v D r sm;
z,f&Sm;ay;? jrefrmEdkifiH OIC tvkdr&Sd tp
&Sdonfh qkdif;bkwfrsm;ukdif oHCmtyg; (1000)ausmfESifh jynfolvlxk (20000) ausmfrS
&ef u k e f - ppf a wG um;vrf ; eH a b;wG i f qE a zmf x k w f c J h a Mumif ; qE a zmf x k w f y G J w G i f
yg0ifolwpfOD;\ ajymMum;csuft& od&Sd&onf/
PK

You might also like