Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nam 2010
Trn S Tng
i s 11
CHNG 0
sin
tang
I. H THC C BN
OP = cos a
OQ = sin a
AT = tan a
BT ' = cot a
Nhn xt:
T'
cotang
M
a
cosin
p
+ kp , k Z ,
2
cota xc nh khi a kp , k Z
2. Du ca cc gi tr lng gic:
Cung phn t
II
II
IV
sina
cosa
tana
cota
Gi tr lng gic
3. H thc c bn:
sin2a + cos2a = 1;
tana.cota = 1
1
1
1 + tan2 a =
; 1 + cot 2 a =
cos2 a
sin 2 a
Cung b nhau
cos(- a) = cos a
sin(p - a) = sin a
sin(- a) = - sin a
cos(p - a) = - cos a
tan(- a) = - tan a
tan(p - a) = - tan a
cot(- a) = - cot a
cot(p - a) = - cot a
Trang 1
Cung ph nhau
p
sin - a = cos a
2
cos - a = sin a
2
tan - a = cot a
2
cot - a = tan a
2
i s 11
Trn S Tng
p
2
Cung hn km p
Cung hn km
sin(p + a) = - sin a
sin + a = cos a
2
cos(p + a) = - cos a
cos + a = - sin a
2
tan(p + a) = tan a
tan + a = - cot a
2
cot(p + a) = cot a
cot + a = - tan a
2
p
6
p
4
p
3
p
2
2p
3
3p
4
3p
2
2p
00
300
450
600
900
1200
1350
1800
2700
3600
sin
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
cos
3
2
2
2
1
2
tan
3
3
3
3
cotg
1
2
2
2
- 3
3
3
H qu:
tan a + tan b
1 - tan a.tan b
tan a - tan b
tan(a - b) =
1 + tan a.tan b
tan(a + b) =
p
1 + tan x
p
1 - tan x
tan + x =
, tan - x =
4
1 - tan x
4
1 + tan x
Trang 2
Trn S Tng
i s 11
III. CNG THC NHN
2 tan a
1 - tan 2 a
sin 2 a =
cot 2 a - 1
2 cot a
3. Cng thc nhn ba:
; cot 2 a =
a
2t
(a p + 2 kp ) th: sin a =
;
2
1 + t2
a
:
2
cos a =
1 - t2
1 + t2
tan a =
2t
1 - t2
a+b
a-b
.cos
2
2
a+b
a-b
sin a - sin b = 2 cos
.sin
2
2
a+b
a-b
cos a + cos b = 2 cos
. cos
2
2
a+b
a-b
cos a - cos b = - 2 sin
.sin
2
2
sin a + sin b = 2sin
tan a + tan b =
p
p
sin a + cos a = 2.sin a + = 2.cos a -
4
4
p
p
sin a - cos a = 2 sin a - = - 2 cos a +
4
2. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng:
1
cos a.cos b = cos(a - b) + cos(a + b)
2
1
sin a.sin b = cos(a - b) - cos(a + b)
2
1
sin a.cos b = sin(a - b) + sin(a + b)
2
Trang 3
i s 11
Trn S Tng
CHNG I
I. HM S LNG GIC
Vn 1:
y = sin(ax + b) c chu k T0 =
y = sin(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.
y = cos x : Tp xc nh D = R; Tp gi tr T = -1, 1 ; hm chn, chu k T0 = 2p .
2p
a
y = cos(ax + b) c chu k T0 =
y = cos(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.
p
y = tan x : Tp xc nh D = R \ + kp , k Z ; tp gi tr T = R, hm l, chu k T0 = p .
2
p
a
y = tan(ax + b) c chu k T0 =
y = tan(f(x)) xc nh f ( x )
p
+ kp (k Z )
2
p
a
y = cot(ax + b) c chu k T0 =
y = cot(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) kp (k Z ) .
y = f1(x) c chu k T1 ;
y = f2(x) c chu k T2
Trang 4
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Bai 1. Tm tp xc nh v tp gi tr ca cc hm s sau:
2x
a/ y = sin
x -1
b/ y = sin x
d/ y = 1 - cos2 x
e/ y =
c/ y = 2 - sin x
1
sin x + 1
sin x
p
g/ y = cot x +
h/ y =
cos( x - p )
3
p
f/ y = tan x -
6
i/ y =
1
tan x - 1
p
a/ y = 2sin x + + 1
b/ y = 2 cos x + 1 - 3
c/ y = sin x
d/ y = 4sin 2 x - 4 sin x + 3
e/ y = cos2 x + 2sin x + 2
f/ y = sin 4 x - 2 cos2 x + 1
h/ y = 3 sin 2 x - cos 2 x
Bai 3. Xt tnh chn l ca hm s:
a/ y = sin2x
b/ y = 2sinx + 3
d/ y = tanx + cotx
e/ y = sin4 x
g/ y = sinx + cosx
g/ y =
sin x - tan x
sin x + cot x
h/ y =
cos3 x + 1
sin3 x
i/ y = sin x + 3 cos x + 3
c/ y = sinx + cosx
f/ y = sinx.cosx
i/ y = tan x
Bai 4. Tm chu k ca hm s:
a/ y = sin 2 x
d/ y = sin 2 x + cos
b/ y = cos
x
2
g/ y = 2sin x . cos3 x
HD:
a/ p .
Vn 2:
b/ 6p .
c/ p .
x
3
c/ y = sin 2 x
f/ y = cos
h/ y = cos2 4 x
i/ y = tan(-3x + 1)
d/ 4p .
e/ p . .
f/ 70p .
g/ p .
h/
p
.
4
i/
p
3
TH CA HM S LNG GIC
1/
V th hm s lng gic:
Tm tp xc nh D.
Tm chu k T0 ca hm s.
Xc nh tnh chn l (nu cn).
Lp bng bin thin trn mt on c di bng chu k T0 c th chn:
T T
x 0, T0 hoc x - 0 , 0 .
2 2
V th trn on c di bng chu k.
3x
2x
- sin
5
7
e/ y = tan x + cot 3 x
r
r
Ri suy ra phn th cn li bng php tnh tin theo vc t v = k .T0 .i v bn tri v
r
phi song song vi trc honh Ox (vi i l vc t n v trn trc Ox).
Trang 5
i s 11
Trn S Tng
V d 1: V th hm s y = f(x) = sinx.
Tp xc nh: D = R.
Tp gi tr: -1, 1 .
Chu k: T = 2 .
p
2
y = sinx
-p
3p
2
p
2
p
2
2p
3p
2
5p
2
3p
2
2p
1
y
r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = 2 kp .i ta c th y = sinx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
p
Hm s ng bin trn khong 0, v nghch bin trn
2
y
V d 2: V th hm s y = f(x) = cosx.
1
Tp xc nh: D = R.
Tp gi tr: -1, 1 .
Chu k: T = 2 .
x
y
0
1
p
2
3p
2
-p
p
2
, p .
2
y = cosx
p
2
3p
2
2p
1
1
r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = 2 kp .i ta c th y = cosx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s chn nn nhn trc tung Oy lm trc i xng.
Trang 6
3p
2
2p
5p
2
Trn S Tng
i s 11
p
Hm s nghch bin trn khong 0, v nghch bin trn khong
2
V d 3: V th hm s y = f(x) = tanx.
p
Tp xc nh: D = R \ + kp , k Z
2
3p
p ,
.
2
y = tanx
Tp gi tr: R.
Gii hn: lim y =
x
p
2
3p
2
p
: l tim cn ng.
2
Chu k: T = .
p p
Bng bin thin trn - , :
2 2
O p
2
p
2
2p
3p
2
5p
2
2p
x=
p
2
p
2
+
r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = kp .i ta c th y = tanx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
Hm s lun ng bin trn tp xc nh D.
V d 4: V th hm s y = f(x) = cotx.
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {kp , k Z }
y = cotx
Tp gi tr: R.
Gii hn:
lim y = + , lim y = -
x 0
x x
-2 p
tim cn ng: x = 0, x =
Chu k: T = .
x
y
0
+
p
2
3p
2
-p - p
2
p
2
r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = kp .i ta c th y = cotx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
Hm s lun gim trn tp xc nh D.
Trang 7
3p
2
i s 11
Trn S Tng
V d 5: V th y = sinx.
V th y = sinx.
T th y = sinx, ta suy ra th y = sinx bng cch ly i xng qua Ox.
y
1
3p
2
-p
p
2
y = sinx
p
2
3p
2
2p
V d 6: V th y = sinx
sin x , neu sin x 0
y = sin x =
-sin x, neu sin x < 0.
y
1
y = /sinx/
p
p
2
p
2
3p
2
2p
V d 7: V th hm s y = 1 + cosx.
V th y = cosx.
T th y = cosx, ta suy ra th y = 1 + cos x bng cch tnh tin th y = cos x ln
trc honh 1 n v.
p
2
3p
2
2p
1
y = cosx
0
1
y = 1 + cosx
1
0
y
2
y = 1 + cosx
y = cosx
-p
p
2
p
2
Trang 8
3p
2
Trn S Tng
i s 11
V d 8: V th y = sin2x.
y = sin2x c chu k T = p
p
2
p
4
2x
-p
p
2
y = sin2x
p
2
p
2
p
2
1
1
y
1
y = sin2x
p
2
p
4
p
4
p
2
3p
2
p
4
p
2
p
2
5p
4
V d 9: V th y = cos2x.
y = cos2x c chu k T = p
p
2
2x
-p
p
4
p
2
-
0
0
1
y = cos2x
1
y
1
y = cos2x
p
2
p
4
p
4
Trang 9
p
2
3p
4
i s 11
Trn S Tng
p
V d 10: V th y = sin x + c chu k T = 2p .
4
x
x+
p
4
y = sin x +
3p
4
p
2
p
4
3p
4
p
2
p
4
p
4
2
2
p
2
3p
2
2
2
0
-
p
4
p
2
1
2
2
3p
4
p
5p
4
2
2
2
2
y
1
2/2
-p
3p
4
p
2
y = sin x +
4
O
p
4
- 2 /2
p
4
p
2
3p
4
5p
4
3p
2
7p
4
p
V d 11: V th y = cos x - c chu k T = 2p .
4
x
x-
p
4
5p
4
3p
4
-p
p
2
3p
4
-
p
4
p
2
-
0
-
p
4
p
4
0
p
2
p
4
3p
4
p
2
p
3p
4
1
p
y = cos x -
0
-
2
2
2
2
Trang 10
2
2
2
2
0
-
2
2
Trn S Tng
i s 11
p
V d 12: V th y = sin x + cos x = 2 sin x + c chu k T = 2p .
4
x+
3p
4
p
2
1
3p
4
2
2
p
4
sin x +
p
2
p
4
2
2
p
4
p
4
p
2
1
0
p
4
2
2
0
0
2 sin x +
p
2
3p
4
2
2
3p
4
p
0
5p
4
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
- 2
sin x + cos x
y
2
-p
3p
4
p
2
p
4
O
- 2
y=
p
4
p
2
p
4
p
2
3p
4
5p
4
3p
2
2 sin x +
4
x
7p
4
y
2
-p
3p
4
p
2
p
4
cosx
sinx
cosx sinx
cos x - sin x
3p
4
2
2
2
2
0
-
p
2
0
1
1
1
y = sin x + cos x
3p
2
5p
4
3p
2
7p
4
p
2 cos x + c chu k T = 2p .
4
p
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
-
0
1
0
1
p
4
2
2
2
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
Trang 11
p
2
3p
4
2
2
2
2
- 2
2
p
1
0
1
1
i s 11
Trn S Tng
y
y
2
-p
3p p
4
2
p
4
y = cosx sinx
p
4
3p
4
p
2
5p
4
-p
3p
4
p
2
p
4
y = cosx sinx
p
4
p
2
3p
4
5p
4
-1
- 2
Tp xc nh: D = R \ k . , k Z
2
Chu k T = p .
p
2
tanx
||
- 3
cotx
3
3
p
3
p
4
p
6
3
3
- 3
||
p
6
3
3
p
4
p
3
||
3
3
4 3
3
+
4 3
3
y=
tanx + cotx
4 3
3
y
y = tanx + cotx
4 3
3
p
2
p
p
3
4
p
6
p
6
p
4
2
4 3
3
Trang 12
p
3
p
2
p
2
4 3
3
Trn S Tng
i s 11
p
e/ sin u = - cos v sin u = sin v -
2
Cc trng hp c bit:
sin x = 0 x = kp (k Z )
sin x = 1 x =
p
+ k 2p (k Z )
2
sin x = - 1 x = -
p
+ k 2p (k Z )
2
p
+ kp (k Z )
2
Cc trng hp c bit:
p
cos x = 0 x = + kp (k Z )
2
cos x = 1 x = k 2p (k Z )
cos x = - 1 x = p + k 2p (k Z )
i s 11
Trn S Tng
Cc trng hp c bit:
tan x = 0 x = kp (k Z )
tan x = 1 x =
cot x = 1 x =
p
+ kp (k Z )
4
p
+ kp (k Z )
4
5. Mt s iu cn ch :
a/ Khi gii phng trnh c cha cc hm s tang, cotang, c mu s hoc cha cn bc
chn, th nht thit phi t iu kin phng trnh xc nh.
p
* Phng trnh cha tanx th iu kin: x + kp (k Z ).
2
* Phng trnh cha cotx th iu kin: x kp (k Z )
*
Phng trnh c mu s:
sin x 0 x kp (k Z )
p
(k Z )
2
p
+ kp (k Z )
2
p
tan x 0 x k (k Z )
2
p
cot x 0 x k
(k Z )
2
b/ Khi tm c nghim phi kim tra iu kin. Ta thng dng mt trong cc cch sau
kim tra iu kin:
1. Kim tra trc tip bng cch thay gi tr ca x vo biu thc iu kin.
2. Dng ng trn lng gic.
3. Gii cc phng trnh v nh.
cos x 0 x
Trang 14
Trn S Tng
i s 11
p
1) cos 2 x + = 0
6
p
4) sin 3 x + = 0
3
7) sin ( 3 x + 1) =
1
2
p
2) cos 4 x - = 1
3
x p
5) sin - = 1
2 4
8) cos x - 150 =
3) cos - x = -1
5
6) sin + 2 x = -1
6
2
2
x p
3
9) sin - = 2
2 3
1
10) cos - 2 x = 11) tan ( 2 x - 1) = 3
2
6
p
p
13) tan 3 x + = -1 14) cot 2 x - = 1
6
3
12) cot 3 x + 10 0 =
3
3
1) sin ( 3 x + 1) = sin ( x - 2 )
p
p
2) cos x - = cos 2 x +
3
6
3) cos3 x = sin 2 x
p
p
5) cos 2 x + + cos x - = 0
3
3
p
p
7) tan 3 x - = tan x +
4
6
p x
6) sin 3 x + sin - = 0
4 2
p
p
8) cot 2 x - = cot x +
4
3
11) sin x 2 - 2 x = 0
(
12) tan ( x
13) cot 2 x = 1
14) sin 2 x =
9) tan ( 2 x + 1) + cot x = 0
15) cos x =
2
2
10) cos x 2 + x = 0
+ 2 x + 3 = tan 2
1
2
p
16) sin 2 x - = cos2 x
4
1
2
Dng
asin2 x + b sin x + c = 0
t = sinx
iu kin
-1 t 1
a cos2 x + b cos x + c = 0
t = cosx
-1 t 1
a tan 2 x + b tan x + c = 0
t = tanx
a cot 2 x + b cot x + c = 0
t = cotx
p
+ kp (k Z )
2
x kp (k Z )
Trang 15
i s 11
Trn S Tng
1) 2sin2x + 5cosx + 1 = 0
2) 4sin2 x 4cosx 1 = 0
4) tan 2 x + (1 - 3 ) tan x - 3 = 0
5) 4 sin 2 x - 2 ( 3 + 1) sin x + 3 = 0
7) tan2x + cot2x = 2
Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1) 4sin23x + 2 ( 3 + 1) cos3 x - 3 = 4
2) cos2x + 9cosx + 5 = 0
1
3) 4cos2(2 6x) + 16cos2(1 3x) = 13
4)
- ( 3 + 3 ) tan x - 3 + 3 = 0
cos2 x
3
4
5)
+ tan2x = 9
6) 9 13cosx +
=0
cos x
1 + tan 2 x
1
1
7)
= cotx + 3
8)
+ 3cot2x = 5
2
2
sin x
cos x
x
4
9) cos2x 3cosx = 4 cos2
10) 2cos2x + tanx =
2
5
trnh thuc ( 0 ; 2p ) .
Bai 4. Cho phng trnh : cos5x.cosx = cos4x.cos2x + 3cos2x + 1. Tm cc nghim ca
phng trnh thuc ( -p ; p ) .
p
p 5
4
+ sin x - = .
4
4 4
(1)
a 2 + b2 ta c:
t: sin a =
a
2
a +b
a
a 2 + b2
, cos a =
sin x +
a2 + b2
b
2
a +b
c
a2 + b2
= cos b (2)
a2 + b2
(a 0, 2p )
cos( x - a ) =
cos x =
(2) x = a b + k 2p
1 a 2 + b2 c 2 .
(k Z )
Trang 16
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Cch 2:
x p
= + kp c l nghim hay khng?
2 2
x
b/ Xt x p + k 2p cos 0.
2
a/ Xt x = p + k 2p
x
2t
1 - t2
t: t = tan , thay sin x =
, cos x =
, ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t:
2
1 + t2
1 + t2
(b + c)t 2 - 2at + c - b = 0 (3)
V x p + k 2p b + c 0, nn (3) c nghim khi:
D ' = a 2 - (c 2 - b 2 ) 0 a 2 + b 2 c 2 .
Gii (3), vi mi nghim t0, ta c phng trnh: tan
x
= t0 .
2
Ghi ch:
1/ Cch 2 thng dng gii v bin lun.
2/ Cho d cch 1 hay cch 2 th iu kin phng trnh c nghim: a2 + b2 c 2 .
3/ Bt ng thc B.C.S:
y = a.sin x + b.cos x
a2 + b2 . sin 2 x + cos2 x = a 2 + b2
min y = - a2 + b2 va max y =
a2 + b2
sin x cos x
a
=
tan x =
a
b
b
1) cos x + 3 sin x = 2
4) sin x + cos x = 2 sin 5 x
p
6) 3 sin 2 x + sin + 2 x = 1
2
3
1
+
sin x cos x
2) sin x + cos x =
5)
6
2
3)
3 cos3 x + sin 3 x = 2
3 - 1) sin x - ( 3 + 1) cos x + 3 - 1 = 0
3 sin x = 2 cos - x
3
1) 3sinx 2cosx = 2
3) cosx + 4sinx = 1
Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
2) 3 cosx + 4sinx
4) 2sinx 5cosx = 5
3 =0
p
p 3 2
p
1) 2sin x + + sin x - =
2) 3 cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 2 sin 2 x - = 2 2
4
2
6
Bai 5. Tm m phng trnh : (m + 2)sinx + mcosx = 2 c nghim .
Bai 6. Tm m phng trnh : (2m 1)sinx + (m 1)cosx = m 3 v nghim.
Trang 17
i s 11
Trn S Tng
IV. PHNG TRNH NG CP BC HAI
DNG: a sin2x + b sinx.cosx + c cos2x = d (1)
Cch 1:
Kim tra cosx = 0 c tho mn (1) hay khng?
Lu : cosx = 0 x =
p
+ kp sin 2 x = 1 sin x = 1.
2
(a - d )t 2 + b.t + c - d = 0
Cch 2: Dng cng thc h bc
1 - cos 2 x
sin 2 x
1 + cos 2 x
(1) a.
+ b.
+ c.
= d
2
2
2
b.sin 2 x + (c - a).cos 2 x = 2 d - a - c (y l phng trnh bc nht i vi sin2x v
cos2x)
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
(
9) (
8)
2)
2 -1
2
nghim .
Trang 18
Trn S Tng
i s 11
V. PHNG TRNH I XNG
p
t: t = cos x sin x = 2. cos x m ; t 2.
1
t 2 = 1 2sin x. cos x sin x. cos x = (t 2 - 1).
2
Thay vo phng trnh cho, ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t. Gii phng trnh ny
tm t tha t 2. Suy ra x.
Lu du:
p
p
cos x + sin x = 2 cos x - = 2 sin x +
p
p
cos x - sin x = 2 cos x + = - 2 sin x -
p
t: t = cos x sin x = 2. cos x m ; k : 0 t 2.
4
1
sin x .cos x = (t 2 - 1).
2
Tng t dng trn. Khi tm x cn lu phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.
5) sin2x +
p
2 sin x - = 1
1) sin3x + cos3x = 1 +
Trang 19
i s 11
Trn S Tng
VI. PHNG TRNH DNG KHC
3
2
1) sin2x = sin23x
1) sin6x + cos6x =
1
4
2) sin8 x + cos8x =
1
8
1
4 sin 2 2x
1=0
2) sinx(sinx cosx) 1 = 0
4) sin2x = 1 +
2 cosx + cos2x
1) sin3x + cos3x +
p
sin 2 x .sin x + = cosx + sin3x
4
2
Trang 20
Trn S Tng
i s 11
CHNG II
T HP XC SUT
A. T HP
I. Qui tc m
1. Qui tc cng:
Mt cng vic no c th c thc hin theo mt trong hai phng n A hoc B. Nu
phng n A c m cch thc hin, phng n B c n cch thc hin v khng trng vi bt
k cch no trong phng n A th cng vic c m + n cch thc hin.
2. Qui tc nhn:
Mt cng vic no c th bao gm hai cng on A v B. Nu cng on A c m cch
thc hin v ng vi mi cch c n cch thc hin cng on B th cng vic c m.n
cch thc hin.
Bai 1: T thnh ph A n thnh ph B c 3 con ng, t thnh ph A n thnh ph C c 2
con ng, t thnh ph B n thnh ph D c 2 con ng, t thnh ph C n thnh ph
D c 3 con ng. Khng c con ng no ni thnh ph B vi thnh ph C. Hi c tt c
bao nhiu ng i t thnh ph A n thnh ph D?
S:
c 12 ng.
Bai 2: Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin tho:
a) gm 6 ch s.
b) gm 6 ch s khc nhau.
c) gm 6 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 2.
S:
a) 66
b) 6!
c) 3.5! = 360
Bai 3: C 25 i bng tham gia tranh cp. C 2 i phi u vi nhau 2 trn (i v v). Hi
c bao nhiu trn u?
S:
c 25.24 = 600 trn
Bai 4: C bao nhiu s palindrom gm 5 ch s (s palindrom l s m nu ta vit cc ch s
theo th t ngc li th gi tr ca n khng thay i).
S: S cn tm c dng: abcba c 9.10.10 = 900 (s)
Bai 5: a/ Mt b hoa gm c: 5 bng hng trng, 6 bng hng v 7 bng hng vng. Hi c
my cch chn ly 1 bng hoa?
b/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau c nhng ch s khc nhau?
S: a/ 18.
b/ 15.
Bai 6: a/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s?
b/ T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn c 3 ch s?
c/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m c hai ch s u l s chn?
d/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s, trong cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th
ging nhau?
e/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s v chia ht cho 5?
S: a/ 3125.
b/ 168.
c/ 20
d/ 900.
e/ 180000.
Bai 7: Mt i vn ngh chun b c 2 v kch, 3 iu ma v 6 bi ht. Ti hi din, mi i
ch c trnh din 1 v kch, 1 iu ma v 1 bi ht. Hi i vn ngh trn c bao nhiu
Trang 21
i s 11
Trn S Tng
cch chn chng trnh biu din, bit rng cht lng cc v kch, iu ma, cc bi ht l
nh nhau?
S: 36.
Bai 8: Mt ngi c 7 ci o trong c 3 o trng v 5 ci c vt trong c hai c vt mu
vng. Hi ngi c bao nhiu cch chn o c vt nu:
a/ Chn o no cng c v c vt no cng c?
b/ chn o trng th khng chn c vt mu vng?
S: a/ 35. b/ 29.
Bai 9: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. C bao nhiu cp sp th t (x, y) bit rng:
a/ x A, y A b/ {x , y} A
c/ x A, y A va x + y = 6 .
S:
a/ 25.
b/ 20.
c/ 5 cp.
Bai 10: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, , n} trong n l s nguyn dng ln hn 1. C bao
nhiu cp sp th t (x, y), bit rng: x A, y A, x > y .
n(n - 1)
.
2
Bai 11: Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a/ Gm 2 ch s?
b/ Gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
c/ S l gm 2 ch s?
d/ S chn gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
e/ Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li?
f/ Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li chia ht cho 5?
c/ 15
d/ 8.
e/ 120.
f/ 24.
S: a/ 25. b/ 20.
Bai 12: T 6 s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s:
a/ Khc nhau?
b/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s ln hn 300?
c/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5?
d/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chn?
e/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s l?
c/ 36
d/ 52.
e/ 48.
S: a/ 100. b/ 60.
Bai 13: a/ T cc s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s l c 3 ch s khc nhau
nh hn 400?
b/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau nm trong
khong (300 , 500).
S: a/ 35. b/ 24.
Bai 14: Mt trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh chuyn tin v 18 hc sinh chuyn ton. Thnh lp
mt n gm hai ngi sao cho c mt hc sinh chuyn ton v mt hc sinh chuyn tin.
Hi c bao nhiu cch lp mt n nh trn?
Bai 15: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 3 ngi n ng v 2 ngi n b ngi trn mt chic gh
di sao cho 2 ngi cng phi phi ngi gn nhau.
Bai 16: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 8 vin bi v 8 vin bi en xp thnh mt dy sao cho hai
vin bi cng mu khng c gn nhau.
S:
Trang 22
Trn S Tng
i s 11
II. Hon v
1. Giai tha:
n! = 1.2.3n
Qui c: 0! = 1
n! = (n1)!n
n!
= (p+1).(p+2)n
(vi n>p)
p!
n!
= (np+1).(np+2)n (vi n>p)
(n - p)!
2. Hon v (khng lp):
Mt tp hp gm n phn t (n 1). Mi cch sp xp n phn t ny theo mt th t no
c gi l mt hon v ca n phn t.
S cc hon v ca n phn t l: Pn = n!
3. Hon v lp:
Cho k phn t khc nhau: a1, a2, , ak. Mt cch sp xp n phn t trong gm n1 phn t
a1, n2 phn t a2, , nk phn t ak (n1+n2+ + nk = n) theo mt th t no c gi l
mt hon v lp cp n v kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t.
S cc hon v lp cp n, kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t l:
n!
Pn(n1, n2, , nk) =
n1 ! n2 !...nk !
4. Hon v vng quanh:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt cch sp xp n phn t ca tp A thnh mt dy kn c gi
l mt hon v vng quanh ca n phn t.
S cc hon v vng quanh ca n phn t l: Qn = (n 1)!
Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
6!
1
(m + 1)!
m.(m - 1)!
A=
.
.
(m - 2)(m - 3) (m + 1)(m - 4) (m - 5)!5! 12.(m - 4)!3!
B=
7!4! 8!
9!
S:
A = 4(m1)m;
(vi m 5)
5!
(m + 1)!
.
m(m + 1) (m - 1)!3!
2
B= ;
C = 20
3
C=
1 1 1
1
n2
1
1
+ + + ... + < 3
d)
=
+
1! 2! 3!
n!
n! (n - 1)! (n - 2)!
x !- ( x - 1)! 1
Bai 3: Gii phng trnh:
=
( x + 1)!
6
S:
x = 2; x = 3
1 5
(n + 1)!
n.(n - 1)!
Bai 4: Gii bt phng trnh:
.
5
n - 2 n + 1 (n - 3)!4! 12(n - 3).(n - 4)!2!
c) 1 +
(n - 1)n
5
n = 4, n = 5, n = 6
6
Bai 5: Gii cc phng trnh:
P - Px -1 1
a) P2.x2 P3.x = 8
b) x
=
Px +1
6
S:
(1)
Trang 23
(1)
i s 11
Trn S Tng
S:
a) x = 1; x = 4
b) x = 2; x = 3
Bai 6: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a) Bt u bng ch s 5?
b) Khng bt u bng ch s 1?
c) Bt u bng 23?
d) Khng bt u bng 345?
S:
a) 4!
b) 5! 4!
c) 3!
d) 5! 2!
Bai 7: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a/ Bt u bi ch s 9?
b/ Khng bt u bi ch s 1?
c/ Bt u bi 19?
d/ Khng bt u bi 135?
S:
a/ 24.
b/ 96.
c/ 6
d/ 118.
Bai 8: Vi mi hon v ca cc s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ta c mt s t nhin. Tm tng tt c cc
s t nhin c c t cc hon v ca 7 phn t trn?
S: Vi mi i, j {1,2,3, 4,5,6,7} , s cc s m ch s j hng th i l 6!.
Tng tt c cc s l: (6!1++6!7) + (6!1++6!7).10 ++ (6!1++6!7).106
= 6! (1+2++7).(1+10++106)
Bai 9: Tm tng S ca tt c cc s t nhin, mi s c to thnh bi hon v ca 6 ch s 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
S: 279999720.
Bai 10: Trn mt k sch c 5 quyn sch Ton, 4 quyn sch L, 3 quyn sch Vn. Cc quyn
sch u khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc quyn sch trn:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) Theo tng mn?
c) Theo tng mn v sch Ton nm gia?
S:
a) P12
b) 3!(5!4!3!)
c) 2!(5!4!3!)
Bai 11: C 5 hc sinh nam l A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 v 3 hc sinh n B1, B2, B3 c xp ngi
xung quanh mt bn trn. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) A1 khng ngi cnh B1?
c) Cc hc sinh n khng ngi cnh nhau?
S:
a) Q8 = 7!
b) Q7 = 6!
c) C 4!5.4.3 cch sp xp
Bai 12: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch
s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng mt ln?
8! 7
S:
3! 3!
Bai 13: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 bit rng tng ca 3 ch s
ny bng 9.
S: 18.
Bai 14: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thit lp tt c cc s c 6 ch s khc nhau. Hi trong cc
s thit lp c, c bao nhiu s m hai ch s 1 v 6 khng ng cnh nhau?
S: 480.
Bai 15: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 5 bn hc sinh A, B, C, D, E ngi vo mt chic gh di sao
cho:
a/ Bn C ngi chnh gia?
b/ Hai bn A v E ngi hai u gh?
S: a/ 24.
b/ 12.
Bai 16: Mt hi ngh bn trn c phi n ca cc nc: M 5 ngi, Nga 5 ngi, Anh 4
ngi, Php 6 ngi, c 4 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cho mi thnh vin sao
cho ngi cng quc tch ngi gn nhau?
S: 143327232000.
Bai 17: Sp xp 10 ngi vo mt dy gh. C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi nu:
a/ C 5 ngi trong nhm mun ngi k nhau?
Trang 24
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Trang 25
i s 11
Trn S Tng
III. Chnh hp
1. Chnh hp (khng lp):
Cho tp hp A gm n phn t. Mi cch sp xp k phn t ca A (1 k n) theo mt th t
no c gi l mt chnh hp chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp chp k ca n phn t:
n!
Ank = n(n - 1)(n - 2)...(n - k + 1) =
(n - k )!
Cng thc trn cng ng cho trng hp k = 0 hoc k = n.
Khi k = n th Ann = Pn = n!
2. Chnh hp lp:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt dy gm k phn t ca A, trong mi phn t c th c
lp li nhiu ln, c sp xp theo mt th t nht nh c gi l mt chnh hp lp
chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp lp chp k ca n phn t: Ank = n k
Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
5
A52 A10
A=
+
P2 7 P5
C=
12
11
A49
+ A49
10
9
A17
+ A17
P
P
P
P
D = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 A52
A 4 A3 A2 A1
5
5
5
5
C = 1440;
D = 42
10
8
A49
A17
S: A = 46;
B = 2750;
Bai 2: Chng minh rng:
n -1
1
1
1
a/
+
+ ... +
=
, vi n N , n 2.
n
A2 A 2
A2
b/
2
Ank
n
3
k
k -1
An-1 + k . An -1
c/
2 Ax2
+ 50 =
S: a/ x = 11.
A22x
b/ x = 3; 4.
b/ Px . Ax2 + 72 = 6( Ax2 + 2 Px )
d/
Axy++11.Px - y
Px -1
c/ x = 5.
b)
= 72.
d/ x = 8, y 7, y N .
An4+2 143
<0
Pn+2 4 Pn-1
Trang 26
Trn S Tng
S:
i s 11
b) 2 n 36
a) n = 3; 4; 5
An4+4 143
(n = 1, 2, 3, ...)
Pn+2 4.Pn
63
23
; n2 = 2, x2 = - .
4
8
Bai 8: Mt cuc khiu v c 10 nam v 6 n. Ngi ta chn c th t 3 nam v 3 n ghp
thnh 3 cp. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn?
S: n1 = 1, x1 = -
S:
3
.A63 cch
C A10
An2 = 132 n = 12
a) 9.A94
b) C 95 s
a) 6. A64
c) S gm 5 ch s c dng: abcde
Nu a = 5 th c A64 s
Nu a 5 th a c 5 cch chn. S 5 c th t vo 1 trong cc v tr b, c, d, e c 4
cch chn v tr cho s 5. 3 v tr cn li c th chn t 5 ch s cn li c A53 cch chn.
3
A10
- 1 = 999
4
a) 9. A10
= 9.104 s
6
5
b) C tt c: A10
- A10
= 9.105 s gm 6 ch s C 9.105 9.104 s
c) C 9.10.10.10 = 9000 s
Bai 15: C bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch s? Trong c bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch
s khc nhau?
S:
6
a) A10
= 106
6
b) A10
= 15120
Trang 27
i s 11
Trn S Tng
4
A10
= 5040 cch
C 5. C42 cch sp xp cp s l.
Cn li 2 v tr l cc ch s chn:
Ch s chn th nht: c 5 cch chn
Ch s chn th hai: c 5 cch chn
C 26 25 5 C42 5 5 = 487500 cch
Bai 17: a) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau m tng cc ch s bng 18?
b) Hi c bao nhiu s l tho mn iu kin ?
S:
Ch : 18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 8
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 6
b) 192 + 384 + 192 = 768 s
a) 3 5 5!
Bai 18: T 20 hc sinh cn chn ra mt ban i din lp gm 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph v 1 th
k. Hi c my cch chn?
S: 6840.
Bai 19: Hun luyn vin mt i bng mun chn 5 cu th qu lun lu 11 mt. C bao
nhiu cch chn nu:
a/ C 11 cu th c kh nng nh nhau? (k c th mn).
b/ C 3 cu th b chn thng v nht thit phi b tr cu th A qu s 1 v cu th B
qu s 4.
S: a/ 55440.
b/ 120.
Bai 20: Mt ngi mun xp t mt s pho tng vo mt dy 6 ch trng trn mt k trang
tr. C bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a/ Ngi c 6 pho tng khc nhau?
b/ Ngi c 4 pho tng khc nhau?
c/ Ngi c 8 pho tng khc nhau?
S: a/ 6!.
b/ 360.
c/ 20160.
Bai 21: Vi 6 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 5 ch s khc nhau v tho:
a/ S chn.
b/ Bt u bng s 24.
c/ Bt u bng s 345.
d/ Bt u bng s 1? T suy ra cc s khng bt u bng s 1?
S: a/ 312.
b/ 24.
c/ 6.
d/ 120 ; 480.
Bai 22: Cho tp hp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. C th lp c bao nhiu s n gm 5 ch s
khc nhau i mt ly t X trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ n l s chn?
b/ Mt trong ba ch s u tin phi bng 1?
(HQG TP.HCM, 99, khi D, t 2)
S: a/ 3000.
b/ 2280.
Trang 28
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Trang 29
i s 11
Trn S Tng
IV. T hp
1. T hp (khng lp):
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mi tp con gm k (1 k n) phn t ca A c gi l mt t
hp chp k ca n phn t.
Cnk
S cc t hp chp k ca n phn t:
Ank
k!
n!
k !(n - k )!
Qui c: Cn0 = 1
Tnh cht:
Cn0 = Cnn = 1
Cnk = Cnn-k
2. T hp lp:
Cho tp A = {a1; a2 ;...; an } v s t nhin k bt k. Mt t hp lp chp k ca n phn t l
mt hp gm k phn t, trong mi phn t l mt trong n phn t ca A.
Cnk = Cnk+ k -1 = Cnm+-k1-1
S t hp lp chp k ca n phn t:
3. Phn bit chnh hp v t hp:
Ank = k !Cnk
Cnk
Ank
+ C th t, c hon li:
Ank
S:
A = 165,
Bai 2: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
S = Cnn .C2nn .C3nn ;
Q=
S:
Cn1
+2
Cn2
C1n
S=
+ ... + k
(3n)!
(n !)3
B=
Cnk -1
5
6
6
1 + C10
+ C10
- C11
A32
P2
B=4
P=
Cnk
+ ... + n
Pn+ 2
Ank .Pn -k
8
9
10
C15
+ 2C15
+ C15
10
C17
Cnn
Cnn-1
P = (n+1)(n+2) + 1
Trang 30
Q=
n(n + 1)
2
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Dng 2: Chng minh ng thc t hp
(4 k n)
b) Cnp+1 =
c) C20p + C22 p + C24p + ... + C22 pp = C21 p + C23 p + ... + C22 pp -1 = c 2 p-1
d) 1 - C1n + Cn2 - Cn3 + ... + (-1) p Cnp = (-1) p Cnp-1
S: a) S dng khai trin: (1+x)r.(1+x)q = (1+x)r+q. So snh h s ca xp 2 v.
b) S dng cu a) vi p = q = r = n
c) S dng (x+y)2p v (xy)2p
d) S dng Cnr = Cnr --11 + Cnr -1 , vi r l th nhn 2 v vi 1.
1
2n
2
1
.C2nn <
1
2n + 1
(2n)!
( n N, n 1)
1.3.5...(2 n - 1)
2.4.6...(2 n)
2
2 .n! n !
1.3.5...(2n - 1)
1
Vy ta phi chng minh:
<
2.4.6...(2 n)
2n + 1
HD: Bin i v tri:
2n
.C2nn =
2n
2k - 1 ( 2 k - 1)2 ( 2 k - 1)2
2k - 1
=
<
=
2k
2k + 1
4k 2
4k 2 - 1
Cho k ln lt t 1, 2, , n. Ri nhn cc BT v theo v, ta c pcm.
Ta c:
(vi k, n N, 0 k n)
Trang 31
i s 11
Trn S Tng
Dng 4: Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc t hp
Cnk -1 < Cnk
vi n = 2m + 1, k m.
Cnk =
Ck
n - k + 1 k -1
n +1
.Cn n =
-1
k
k
Cnk -1
n +1
- 1 > 1 Cnk > Cnk -1
k
Cnp
Cnp -1
n
2
n +1
n - p +1
>1 p<
p
2
n -1
n
(nu n l) hoc p = (nu n chn)
2
2
Cmp
Cmp-1
m - p +1 m +1
=
- 1 . T s ny gim khi p tng.
p
p
m - p +1
m +1
1 , do : p
p
2
1
Nu m chn: m = 2k p k +
2
1
Cmp > Cmp-1 ta phi c: p k + , v p, k N nn chn p = k
2
Nu m l: m = 2k + 1 p k + 1, ta s c:
Cmp
(2k + 1)!
(k + 1)! k !
Cmp -1
* p dng bi ton ny ta c th gii nhiu bi ton khc. V d:
C 25 hc sinh. Mun lp thnh nhng nhm gm p hc sinh. Tm gi tr ca p c s
cch chia nhm l ln nht? Tm s cch chia nhm .
p
* V c 25 hc sinh, chn p em nn s nhm c th lp l C25
.
p
Theo trn, ta c m = 25 (l) vi k = 12 do C25
ln nht khi p = k + 1 = 13.
13
Vy p = 13, khi : s nhm ti a c th lp: C25
= 5200300.
Trang 32
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Dng 5 : Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh c cha t hp
An3+1
An4
- Cnn -4
24
23
b)
1
C4x
1
C5x
1
C6x
S: a) n = 5
b) x = 2
Bai 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
x+4
2 x -10
a) C10
+ x = C10+ x
d) C8x++x3 = 5 Ax3+6
e) C1x + 6Cx2 + 6C x3 = 9 x 2 - 14
S: a) x = 14 b) x = 3
c) x = 10
d) x = 17
e) x = 7
Bai 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh:
Pn+ 5
Cnn--13
5
1
<
b)
a)
60 Ank++32
c) Cn4-1 - Cn3-1 - An2-2 < 0
4
4
(n - k )!
An +1 14 P3
S: a) k: n 3, n2 + n 42 > 0 n 6
k n
b)
(n + 5)(n + 4)(n - k + 1) 0
Xt vi n 4: bpt v nghim
Xt n {0,1,2,3} ta c cc nghim l: (0;0), (1;0), (1;1), (2;2), (3,3)
c) k: n 5, n2 9n 22 < 0 n = 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
Bai 4: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh:
a/
C xx+-12
d/
+ 2C x3-1
2x
C28
2 x -4
C24
= 7( x - 1)
225
52
b/
Ax3
+ Cxx -2
= 14 x
e/ Cn4-1 - Cn3-1 -
c/
a/ x = 5, y = 2.
= 336.
h/
x = 5
x = 8
S: a)
b)
y = 7
y = 3
Bai 6: Gii cc phng trnh v h bt phng trnh:
x x
1
Cy :Cy + 2 =
2 A y + 5C y = 90
x
3
a/ xy
b/
y
1
x
x
5
A
+
2
C
=
80
C : A =
x
x
y y 24
S:
C xx--25
C n -3
5 2
1
An-2 < 0. f/ n-1 <
.
4
4
14 P3
An +1
1 2
6
A2 x - Ax2 Cx3 + 10.
2
x
a/ x = 5.
b/ x = 5.
c/ x = 8.
S:
e/ 5 n 10, n N . f/ x 6, n N .
g/ x = 2.
Bai 5: Gii cc h phng trnh:
Ax
y-x
y
c)
a) P + Cy = 126 b) C xy+1 : C xy +1 : Cxy -1 = 6 : 5 : 2
x +1
P = 720
x +1
g/ 2C x2+1 + 3 Ax2 < 30.
Ax5
b/ x = 4, y = 8.
d/ x = 7.
h/ x = 3, x = 4.
C y - C y +1 = 0
x y x y -1
4Cx - 5Cx = 0
x = 17
c)
y = 8
3
1
c/ lg(3Cx ) - lg Cx 1
x - 3y 6
c/ 3 x 6; x, y Z + .
k
k +1
k +2
Bai 7: Tm s t nhin k sao cho C14
, C14
, C14
lp thnh mt cp s cng.
S: k = 4; 8.
Trang 33
i s 11
Trn S Tng
Dng 6: Tm s t hp trong cc bi ton s hc
gm 2 cu l thuyt v 1 bi tp:
C42 .C61 = 36
gm 1 cu l thuyt v 2 bi tp:
C41 .C62 = 60
Vy c: 36 + 60 = 96 thi.
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh, trong gm 25 nam v 15 n. Gio vin ch nhim mun
chn mt ban cn s lp gm 4 em. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn, nu:
a) Gm 4 hc sinh tu .
b) C 1 nam v 3 n.
c) C 2 nam v 2 n.
d) C t nht 1 nam.
e) C t nht 1 nam v 1 n.
4
S: a) C40
1
3
b) C25
.C15
2
2
c) C25
.C15
1
3
2
2
3
1
4
d) C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25
4
4
4
e) C40
- C25
- C15
Bai 3: Cho 5 im trong mt phng v khng c 3 im no thng hng. Hi c bao nhiu vect
to thnh t 5 im y? C bao nhiu on thng to thnh t 5 im y?
S: 20 ; 10.
Bai 4: C 5 tem th khc nhau v 6 b th cng khc nhau. Ngi ta mun chn t ra 3 tem
th, 3 b th v dn 3 tem th y ln 3 b th chn. Mt b th ch dn 1 tem th. Hi c
bao nhiu cch lm nh vy?
S: 1200.
Bai 5: Mt ti cha 6 vin bi trng v 5 vin bi xanh. Ly ra 4 vin bi t ti , c bao nhiu
cch ly c:
a/ 4 vin bi cng mu? b/ 2 vin bi trng, 2 vin bi xanh?
S: a/ 20.
b/ 150.
Bai 6: T 20 ngi, chn ra mt n i biu gm 1 trng n, 1 ph n, 1 th k v 3 y
vin. Hi c my cch chn?
S: 4651200.
Bai 7: T 5 bng hng vng, 3 bng hng trng v 4 bng hng (cc bng hoa xem nh i
mt khc nhau), ngi ta mun chn ra mt b ha gm 7 bng, hi c bao nhiu cch chn
b hoa trong :
a/ C ng 1 bng hng ?
b/ C t nht 3 bng hng vng v t nht 3 bng hng ?
S: a/ 112
b/ 150.
Bai 8: T 8 s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 10 ch s c chn t 8
ch s trn, trong ch s 6 c mt ng 3 ln, ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
S: 544320.
(HVCNBCVT, Tp.HCM, 1999)
Bai 9: T tp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a/ Chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt v ch s ng u l ch s 2?
b/ Gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt sao cho 5 ch s c ng 3 ch s chn v 2
ch s l?
S: a/ 360.
b/ 2448.
(H Cn Th, 2001)
Bai 10: a/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s i mt khc nhau (ch s u tin phi khc
0), trong c mt ch s 0 nhng khng c ch s 1).
b/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 7 ch s, bit rng ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c
mt ng 3 ln v cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu mt ln.
S: a/ 33600
b/ 11340.
(H QG, Tp.HCM, 2001)
Bai 11: Ngi ta vit cc s c 6 ch s bng cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 nh sau: Trong mi s
c vit c mt ch s xut hin hai ln cn cc ch s cn li xut hin mt ln. Hi c
Trang 34
Trn S Tng
i s 11
2
b) A10
3
c) C10
4
d) C10
i s 11
Trn S Tng
b/ C 4p - Cq4 .
b/ C 4p - Cq4 .
Trang 36
Trn S Tng
i s 11
V. Nh thc Newton
1. Cng thc khai trin nh thc Newton: Vi mi nN v vi mi cp s a, b ta c:
( a + b) n =
Cnk an-k bk
k =0
2. Tnh cht:
1) S cc s hng ca khai trin bng n + 1
2) Tng cc s m ca a v b trong mi s hng bng n
3) S hng tng qut (th k+1) c dng: Tk+1 = Cnk a n-k bk ( k =0, 1, 2, , n)
4) Cc h s ca cc cp s hng cch u s hng u v cui th bng nhau:
Cnk = Cnn-k
5) Cn0 = Cnn = 1 , Cnk -1 + Cnk = Cnk+1
* Nhn xt: Nu trong khai trin nh thc Newton, ta gn cho a v b nhng gi tr c bit
th ta s thu c nhng cng thc c bit. Chng hn:
(1+x)n = Cn0 x n + Cn1 x n-1 + ... + Cnn
1
a) x +
x4
S: a) 45
12
1
b) x 2 +
x4
b) 495
c) 10
1
c) x 3 -
x2
d) 15
Bai 3: Trong khai trin (x + y + z)n, tm s hng cha xk.ym (k,m <n)
S: Trc ht tm tt c s hng cha xk.
n
n-k
+ ...
1
d) x 2 -
x
i s 11
Trn S Tng
a/ Tnh h s a46?
b/ S = 450.
S: a/ a46 = 18654300
3+ 2
1
b) Tm s m n ca biu thc b +
. Bit t s gia cc h s ca s hng th 5 v
3
12
C95
( b)
1
.
3 2
b
126
=
3
b b2
21
a
+
Bai 9: Trong khai trin ca nh thc: 3
ging nhau?
S: Ta c: Tk+1 =
k
. 3
C21
21-k
b
, tm cc s hng cha a, b vi lu tha
3
a
k
21-k k k 21-k
b
k
= C21.a 3 6 .b 2 6
3
a
5
21 - k k k 21 - k
9
1
Bai 10: a/ Tm s hng th 6 ca khai trin x - .
x
12
3 3 2 2
1 3
c/ Tm s hng gia ca khai trin
+
5
x
10
x .
12
16
1
e/ Tm hng t c lp vi x trong khai trin 3 x + .
x
5
15 30 15
S: a/ T6 = C15
.
b/ 924a 7 .2 -30 .
c/ T16 = C30
. x .y .
d/ 495.
e/ 1820.
Bai 11: S hng no cha x vi s m t nhin trong khai trin sau:
Trang 38
Trn S Tng
4
i s 11
10
a/ ( x + x ) .
13
1
b/ x +
.
3
x
2
6 7
10 10
x, C10
x , C10
x .
S: a/ C10
0 13
3 9
6 5 9
b/ C13
x , C13
x , C13
x , C13 x.
d/ 32 s hng
a
Bai 13: a/ Tm s hng th ba ca khai trin 13 a +
a -1
3
2
nu Cn : Cn = 4 :1.
T3 = 4T5
1
Bai 14: a/ Xc nh h s th nht, th hai, th ba trong khai trin x 3 + .
x2
1
Bai 15: a/ Trong khai trin a a + cho bit hiu s gia h s ca hng t th ba v th
a4
hai l 44. Tm n.
n
1
b/ Cho bit trong khai trin x 2 + , tng cc h s ca cc hng t th nht, th hai, th
x
2
c/ Cho bit tng ca 3 h s ca 3 s hng u tin trong khai trin x 2 - l 97. Tm
3
hng t ca khai trin cha x4.
S: a/ n = 11
b/ n = 9 ; 84. c/ n = 8; 1120x4.
Trang 39
i s 11
Trn S Tng
b/ 2 n-1 .
c/ 2 n-1 .
6
7
8
9
10
11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
.
a/ S1 = C11
d/ 3n.
e/
0
1
2
16
b/ S2 = 316 C16
- 315 C16
+ 314 C16
- ... + C16
.
16
b/ 2 .
S: a/ 1024.
Bai 4: Chng minh cc h thc sau:
a/ C20n + C22n + +C24n + ... + C22nn = C21n + +C23n + +C25n + ... + C22nn-1
Tng h s chn bng tng h s l c ng khng?
b/ 1 - 10.C21n + 102.C22n - 103.C23n + ... - 102 n-1C22nn-1 + 102 n = 81n.
c/ C20n + C22n 32 + C24n 34 + ... + C22nn 32 n = 22 n-1.(22 n + 1) (H Hng Hi, 2001)
Bai 5: Dng ng thc (1 + x )m .(1 + x )n = (1 + x )m+n , chng minh rng:
a/ Cm0 .Cnk + C1m .Cnk -1 + Cm2 .Cnk -2 + ... + Cmm .Cnk -m = Cmk + n , m k n.
(H thc Van der mon de (Van ec mon)).
b/ (Cn0 )2 + (Cn1 )2 + (Cn2 )2 + ... + (Cnn )2 = C2nn .
c/ Cn0 .Cnk + C1n .Cnk +1 + Cn2 .Cnk +2 + ... + Cnn -k .Cnn =
(2n)!
(n - k )!(n + k )!
S : Ta c : (2x+1) =
2n
k =0
C2kn .
2n
(2 x )
C2kn . ( 2 x )
Mt khc, (2x1)2n =
k =0
2 n-k
. Thay x = 1 ta c A + B = 32n = 9n
k
. ( -1) . Thay x = 1 ta c A B = 1
1 n
1 n
9 +1 , B =
9 -1
2
2
Bai 7: Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
T suy ra: A =
0
1
17
b) 317 C17
+ 41.316.C17
+ ... + 417 C17
= 717
Trang 40
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Trang 41
i s 11
Trn S Tng
B. XC SUT
I. Bin c v xc sut
1. Bin c
Khng gian mu W: l tp cc kt qu c th xy ra ca mt php th.
Bin c A: l tp cc kt qu ca php th lm xy ra A. A W.
Bin c khng:
Bin c chc chn: W
Bin c i ca A: A = W \ A
Hp hai bin c: A B
Giao hai bin c: A B (hoc A.B)
Hai bin c xung khc: A B =
Hai bin c c lp: nu vic xy ra bin c ny khng nh hng n vic xy ra bin c
kia.
2. Xc sut
n( A)
Xc sut ca bin c: P(A) =
n(W )
0 P(A) 1; P(W ) = 1;
P() = 0
Qui tc cng: Nu A B = th P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
M rng: A, B bt k: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A.B)
P( A ) = 1 P(A)
Qui tc nhn: Nu A, B c lp th P(A.B) = P(A). P(B)
Bai 1: Gieo mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 8.
b) Tch hai mt xut hin l s l.
c) Tch hai mt xut hin l s chn.
5
1
3
b)
c)
S: a) n(W ) = 36. n(A) = 5 P(A) =
36
4
4
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 25 hc sinh, trong c 15 em hc kh mn Ton, 16 em hc kh mn
Vn.
a) Tnh xc sut chn c 2 em hc kh c 2 mn.
b) Tnh xc sut chn c 3 em hc kh mn Ton nhng khng kh mn Vn.
C72
C83
S: a) n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB) = 15 +15 25 = 17 P(AB)
b)
25
25
Bai 3: Gieo hai con sc sc cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 7.
b) Cc mt xut hin c s chm bng nhau.
1
1
S: a)
b)
6
6
Bai 4: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin
mt vin bi, ri ly tip mt vin na. Tnh xc sut ca bin c ln th hai c mt vin bi
xanh.
5
S:
8
Trang 42
Trn S Tng
i s 11
Bai 5: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin 4
vin bi. Tnh xc sut c t nht 3 vin bi xanh.
1
S:
2
Bai 6: Hai ngi i sn c lp vi nhau v cng bn mt con th. Xc sut bn trng ca ngi
3
1
th nht l , ca ngi th hai l . Tnh xc sut con th b bn trng.
5
2
4
S:
5
Bai 7: Gieo ngu nhin mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c
sau:
a) Ln th nht xut hin mt 6 chm.
b) Ln th hai xut hin mt 6 chm.
c) t nht mt ln xut hin mt 6 chm.
d) Khng ln no xut hin mt 6 chm.
1
1
11
25
S: a)
b)
c)
d)
6
6
36
36
Bai 8: Gieo ng thi bn ng xu cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) C 4 ng xu u nga.
b) C ng 3 ng xu lt nga.
c) C t nht hai ng xu lt nga.
1
1
11
S: a)
b)
c)
16
4
16
Bai 9: Mt hp bng n c 12 bng, trong c 7 bng tt. Ly ngu nhin 3 bng.Tnh xc
sut ly c:
a) t nht 2 bng tt
b) t nht 1 bng tt.
Bai 10: Mt lp hc gm 20 hc sinh trong c 6 hc sinh gii Ton, 5 hc sinh gii Vn v 4
hc sinh gii c 2 mn. GVCN chn ra 2 em. Tnh xc sut 2 em l hc sinh gii.
Bai 11: Mt hp c 20 qu cu ging nhau, trong c 12 qu cu trng v 8 qu cu en. Ly
ngu nhin 3 qu. Tnh xc sut trong 3 qu chn ra c t nht mt qu mu en.
Bai 12: Mt t c 6 hc sinh nam v 4 hc sinh n. GVCN chn ra 2 em i thi vn ngh. Tnh
xc sut 2 em khc phi.
Bai 13: Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, trong c 8 em gii, 15 em kh v 7 em trung bnh. Chn
ngu nhin 3 em i d i hi. Tnh xc sut :
a) C 3 em u l hc sinh gii
b) C t nht 1 hc sinh gii
c) Khng c hc sinh trung bnh.
Bai 14: Cho 7 s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau ly t 7 s
trn. Ly ngu nhin 1 s thuc X. Tnh xc sut :
a) S l s l.
b) S chia ht cho 5
c) S chia ht cho 9.
Trang 43
i s 11
Trn S Tng
m = E(X) =
xi pi
i =1
V(X) =
( xi - m )2 pi =
i =1
xi2 pi - m 2
s(X) = V ( X )
i =1
Trang 44
Trn S Tng
i s 11
CHNG III
DY S CP S
b) 12 + 22 + ... + n2 =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
n(n + 1)
c) 1 + 2 + ... + n =
2
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
e) 1.2 + 2.3 + ... + n(n + 1) =
3
Bai 2: Chng minh rng vi mi n N*, ta c:
a) 2 n > 2 n + 1
(n 3)
1
1
1
c) 1 + + ... +
< 2 - (n 2)
n
22
n2
1
1
e) 1 +
+ ... +
<2 n
2
n
Bai 3: Chng minh rng vi mi n N*, ta c:
b) 2 n+ 2 > 2 n + 5
1 3 2n - 1
1
d) . ...
<
2 4
2n
2n + 1
1
1
1 13
f)
+
+ ... +
>
n +1 n + 2
2 n 24
f)
1
1
1
n
+
+ ... +
=
1.2 2.3
n(n + 1) n + 1
(n > 1)
d) n3 + 2n chia ht cho 3.
Trang 45
p
2n +1
vi n = 1, 2,
i s 11
Trn S Tng
II. Dy s
1. Dy s
u : *
Dng khai trin: (un) = u1, u2, , un,
n a u(n)
2. Dy s tng, dy s gim
(un) l dy s tng
un+1 > un vi " n N*.
u
un+1 un > 0 vi " n N* n+1 > 1 vi "n N* ( un > 0).
un
(un) l dy s gim
un+1
< 1 vi "n N* (un > 0).
un
3. Dy s b chn
(un) l dy s b chn trn $M R: un M, "n N*.
(un) l dy s b chn di $m R: un m, "n N*.
(un) l dy s b chn $m, M R: m un M, "n N*.
Bai 1: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un) cho bi:
2n2 - 1
n + (-1)n
b) un =
a) un =
2n + 1
n2 + 1
n -1
c) un =
n2 + 1
d)
Bai 2:
a)
c)
1
(n + 1)!
e) un = n + cos2 n
f) un =
un = -
3
2n
Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un) cho bi:
1
u1 = 2, un+1 = ( un + 1)
b) u1 = 15, u2 = 9, un+ 2 = un - un+1
3
2
d) u1 = 1, u2 = -2, un+ 2 = un+1 - 2un
u1 = 0, un+1 =
2
un + 1
Bai 3: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un), d on cng thc s hng tng qut un v chng
minh cng thc bng qui np:
a) u1 = 1, un+1 = 2un + 3
b) u1 = 3, un+1 = 1 + un2
c) u1 = 3, un+1 = 2un
e) u1 = 1, un+1 = un + 7
e) u1 =
S:
a) un = 2 n+1 - 3
b) un = n + 8
c) un = 3.2 n-1
d) un = -1
e) un = 7n - 6
f) un =
2n + 1
3n - 2
n2 + n + 1
2
b) un =
4n - 1
4n + 5
e) un = n + cos2 n
u +1
5
, u n+1 = n
4
2
2 n+1 + 1
2 n+1
c) un =
f) un =
(-1)n
n+2
2-n
n +1
n
Bai 5: Xt tnh b chn trn, b chn di, b chn ca cc dy s (un) cho bi:
2n + 3
1
a) un =
b) un =
c) un = n 2 + 4
n+2
n(n + 1)
Trang 46
Trn S Tng
d) un =
i s 11
n 2 + 2n
n2 + n + 1
e) un =
f) un = (-1)n cos
n2 + 2n + n
p
2n
III. Cp s cng
1. nh ngha:
(un) l cp s cng un+1 = un + d, "n N*
2. S hng tng qut:
un = u1 + (n - 1)d
vi n 2
uk -1 + uk +1
uk =
Sn = u1 + u2 + ... + un =
vi k 2
n(u1 + un )
2
n 2u1 + (n - 1)d
2
u14 = 18
u - u = 8
u + u + u = -12
u + u = 60
d) 7 3
e) 72 15
f) 1 3 5
2
u1u2 u3 = 8
u4 + u12 = 1170
u2 .u7 = 75
Bai 3: a) Gia cc s 7 v 35 hy t thm 6 s na c mt cp s cng.
b) Gia cc s 4 v 67 hy t thm 20 s na c mt cp s cng.
Bai 4: a) Tm 3 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng l 27 v tng cc
bnh phng ca chng l 293.
b) Tm 4 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng bng 22 v tng cc
bnh phng ca chng bng 66.
Bai 5: a) Ba gc ca mt tam gic vung lp thnh mt cp s cng. Tm s o cc gc .
b) S o cc gc ca mt a gic li c 9 cnh lp thnh mt cp s cng c cng sai d = 30.
Tm s o ca cc gc .
c) S o cc gc ca mt t gic li lp thnh mt cp s cng v gc ln nht gp 5 ln gc
nh nht. Tm s o cc gc .
Bai 6: Chng minh rng nu 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng th cc s x, y, z cng lp
thnh mt cp s cng, vi:
a) x = b2 + bc + c2 ; y = c2 + ca + a2 ; z = a2 + ab + b2
b) x = a2 - bc; y = b2 - ca; z = c2 - ab
Bai 7: Tm x 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng, vi:
a) a = 10 - 3 x; b = 2 x 2 + 3; c = 7 - 4 x
b) a = x + 1; b = 3 x - 2; c = x 2 - 1
i s 11
Trn S Tng
IV. Cp s nhn
1. nh ngha:
un = u1.q
uk2 = uk -1.uk +1
Sn = nu1
n
S = u1 (1 - q )
n
1- q
vi n 2
vi k 2
vi q = 1
vi q 1
u + u + u = 14
d) 1 2 3
u1.u2 .u3 = 64
u + u + u = 21
1 2 3
7
e) 1 1 1
+ + =
u u u 12
2
3
1
u + u = 90
c) 3 5
u2 - u6 = 240
u + u + u + u = 30
f) 12 22 32 42
u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 = 340
Trang 48
Trn S Tng
i s 11
CHNG IV
GII HN
I. Gii hn ca dy s
Gii hn hu hn
1. Gii hn c bit:
1
1
lim = 0 ;
lim
= 0 (k + )
n+ n
n+ n k
n
lim q = 0 ( q < 1) ;
Gii hn v cc
1. Gii hn c bit:
lim n = +
lim q n = + (q > 1)
2. nh l:
lim C = C
n+
n+
2. nh l :
a) Nu lim un = a, lim vn = b th
lim (un + vn) = a + b
lim (un vn) = a b
lim (un.vn) = a.b
u
a
lim n =
(nu b 0)
vn b
a) Nu lim un = + th lim
un
=0
vn
c) Nu lim un = a 0, lim vn = 0
u
+
neu a.vn > 0
th lim n =
neu a.vn < 0
vn
-
d) Nu lim un = +, lim vn = a
+
neu a > 0
th lim(un.vn) =
-
neu a < 0
un = a
c) Nu un vn ,"n v lim vn = 0
th lim un = 0
d) Nu lim un = a th lim un = a
3. Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn
u
S = u1 + u1q + u1q2 + = 1
1- q
1
=0
un
lim n k = + (k + )
( q < 1)
VD:
1+
( 3 a - 3 b ) ( 3 a2 + 3 ab + 3 b2 ) = a - b
a - b )( a + b ) = a - b;
lim (
(
- 3n - n ) = lim
n2 - 3n - n
)(
n2 - 3n + n
n2 - 3n + n
th
) = lim
-3n
n2 - 3n + n
lim un = 0
=-
3
2
i s 11
Trn S Tng
VD:
sin n
sin n 1
1
sin n
.
V 0
v lim = 0 nn lim
=0
n
n
n
n
n
3sin n - 4 cos n
b) Tnh lim
. V 3sin n - 4 cos n (32 + 42 )(sin 2 n + cos2 n) = 5
2
2n + 1
3sin n - 4 cos n
5
nn 0
.
2
2
2n + 1
2n + 1
5
3sin n - 4 cos n
M lim
= 0 nn lim
=0
2
2n + 1
2n2 + 1
a) Tnh lim
2 n2 - n + 3
3n2 + 2n + 1
n4
(n + 1)(2 + n)(n 2 + 1)
Bai 2: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim
1 + 3n
4 + 3n
2 n + 5n+1
1 + 5n
Bai 3: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim
4 n2 + 1 + 2n - 1
n2 + 4 n + 1 + n
4n2 + 1 + 2 n
b) lim
e) lim
b) lim
e) lim
2n + 1
4.3n + 7n+1
n2 + 3 - n - 4
n2 + 2 + n
(2n n + 1)( n + 3)
(n + 1)(n + 2)
1 + 2 + ... + n
n 2 + 3n
Bai 5: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim n2 + 2n - n - 1
f) lim
5n + 2.7n
1
1
1
c) lim 1 - 1 - ... 1 -
22 32
n2
3n3 - 2n2 + 1
5n + 8n
1 - 2.3n + 6 n
2 n (3n+1 - 5)
c) lim
f) lim
4 n+1 + 6n + 2
n2 + 1 - n6
n 4 + 1 + n2
n2 - 4n - 4 n2 + 1
3n2 + 1 + n
1
1
1
b) lim
+
+ ... +
n(n + 2)
1.3 2.4
1
1
1
d) lim
+
+ ... +
n(n + 1)
1.2 2.3
f) lim
1 + 2 + 22 + ... + 2 n
1 + 3 + 32 + ... + 3n
b) lim n2 + n - n2 + 2
Trang 50
n3 + 4
2 n 4 + n2 - 3
c) lim
2.5n + 7n
1 + 2.3n - 7n
n2 + 4n + 1 + n
Bai 4: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
1
1
1
a) lim
+
+ ... +
(2n - 1)(2n + 1)
1.3 3.5
e) lim
f) lim
2n4 + n + 1
b) lim
e) lim
c) lim
n3 + 4 n2 + 3
n2 + 1
3n3 + 2n 2 + n
3
c) lim 2 n - n3 + n - 1
Trn S Tng
i s 11
d) lim 1 + n2 - n 4 + 3n + 1
g) lim
4 n2 + 1 - 2n - 1
n2 + 4 n + 1 - n
Bai 6: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim
2 cos n2
n2 + 1
3sin 6 n + 5 cos2 (n + 1)
n2 + 1
e) lim
h) lim
b) lim
e) lim
n2 - n - n
n2 + 1 - n6
n 4 + 1 - n2
(-1)n sin(3n + n2 )
3n - 1
3sin 2 (n3 + 2) + n2
f) lim
n2 + 2 - n2 + 4
n2 - 4n - 4 n2 + 1
i) lim
3n 2 + 1 - n
c) lim
2 - 2 n cos n
3n + 1
f) lim
3n2 - 2 n + 2
n(3cos n + 2)
2 - 3n2
1
1
1
Bai 7: Cho dy s (un) vi un = 1 - 1 - ... 1 - , vi " n 2.
22 32 n 2
a) Rt gn un.
b) Tm lim un.
1
1
1
=
Bai 8: a) Chng minh:
("n N*).
n n + 1 + (n + 1) n
n
n +1
1
1
1
b) Rt gn: un =
+
+ ... +
.
1 2 +2 1 2 3 +3 2
n n + 1 + (n + 1) n
c) Tm lim un.
u = 1
1
.
Bai 9: Cho dy s (un) c xc nh bi:
1
un+1 = un + n (n 1)
2
a) t vn = un+1 un. Tnh v1 + v2 + + vn theo n.
b) Tnh un theo n.
c) Tm lim un.
u = 0; u2 = 1
Bai 10: Cho dy s (un) c xc nh bi: 1
2un+ 2 = un+1 + un , (n 1)
1
a) Chng minh rng: un+1 = - un + 1 , "n 1.
2
2
b) t vn = un . Tnh vn theo n. T tm lim un.
3
Trang 51
i s 11
Trn S Tng
II. Gii hn ca hm s
Gii hn hu hn
1. Gii hn c bit:
lim x = x0 ; lim c = c (c: hng s)
x x0
x x0
2. nh l:
a) Nu lim f ( x ) = L v lim g( x ) = M
lim c = c ;
x x0
x x0
th: lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = L + M
lim [ f ( x ) - g( x )] = L - M
x x0
lim [ f ( x ).g( x )] = L .M
x x0
f ( x) L
=
(nu M 0)
x x0 g( x )
M
b) Nu f(x) 0 v lim f ( x ) = L
lim
x x0
x x0
x x0
f ( x) = L
c) Nu lim f ( x ) = L th lim f ( x ) = L
x x0
x x0
3. Gii hn mt bn:
lim f ( x ) = L
x x0
lim - f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = L
x x0
=0
xk
1
lim+ = +
x 0 x
x
1
= - ;
x 0 x
1
1
lim- = lim+ = +
x 0 x
x 0 x
2. nh l:
Nu lim f ( x ) = L 0 v lim g( x ) = th:
lim-
x x0
th L 0 v lim
lim
x x0
x x0
x x0
lim f ( x )g( x ) =
g( x ) trai dau
x x0
- neu L va xlim
x0
0 neu lim g( x ) =
x x0
f ( x )
lim
= + neu lim g( x ) = 0 va L .g( x ) > 0
x x0 g( x )
x x0
-
lim g( x ) = 0 va L .g( x ) < 0
ne
u
x x0
x3 - 8
( x - 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4)
x 2 + 2 x + 4 12
= lim
=
=3
x 2
x 2
( x - 2)( x + 2)
x+2
4
= lim
x2 - 4
P( x )
b) L = lim
vi P(x0) = Q(x0) = 0 v P(x), Q(x) l cc biu thc cha cn cng bc
x x0 Q( x )
S dng cc hng ng thc nhn lng lin hp t v mu.
x2
( 2 - 4 - x )( 2 + 4 - x )
2- 4- x
1
1
= lim
= lim
=
x 0
x 0
x 0 2 + 4 - x
x
4
x (2 + 4 - x )
P( x )
c) L = lim
vi P(x0) = Q(x0) = 0 v P(x) l biu thc cha cn khng ng bc
x x0 Q( x )
VD: lim
Gi s: P(x) =
u( x ) - n v( x ) vi
u( x 0 ) = n v( x 0 ) = a .
( m u( x) - a ) + ( a - n v( x) ) .
Trang 52
Trn S Tng
i s 11
3 x +1 -1 1 - 1 - x
x +1 - 1- x
= lim
+
x0
x 0
x
x
x
1 1 5
1
1
= lim
+
= + =
x0 3
2 3
3 2 6
1
+
1
x
(
x
+
1)
+
x
+
1
+
1
P( x )
2. Dng : L = lim
vi P(x), Q(x) l cc a thc hoc cc biu thc cha cn.
x Q( x )
VD: lim
2x - 3
b) lim
x -
x +1 - x
2-
= lim
x -
= -1
-1
x2
3. Dng : Gii hn ny thng c cha cn
Ta thng s dng phng php nhn lng lin hp ca t v mu.
VD: lim
x+
1 + x - x ) = lim
- 1+
3
x
1
1 + x - x )( 1 + x + x )
1+ x + x
x +
= lim
1+ x + x
x +
4. Dng 0.:
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php nh cc dng trn.
VD: lim ( x - 2)
x2
x
2
x -4
= lim
x 2
x - 2. x
x+2
0. 2
=0
2
1+ x + x + x
x 0
1+ x
a) lim
d) lim
x -1
x4 + x - 3
x-1
x +8 -3
x1
x -2
Bai 2: Tm cc gii hn sau:
g) lim
a) lim
x 1
d) lim
x 3
x3 - x 2 - x + 1
x2 - 3x + 2
x3 - 5x 2 + 3 x + 9
x 4 - 8x 2 - 9
b) lim
x -1
e) lim
x2
h) lim
x2
b) lim+
x 1
e) lim
x1
3x + 1 - x
x -1
p
sin x -
4
c) lim
p
x
x
x2 - x +1
x -1
f) lim
3x 2 - 4 - 3x - 2
x +1
i) lim x 2 sin
x4 -1
x3 - 2 x2 + x
x - 5x5 + 4 x6
(1 - x )2
(1 + x )(1 + 2 x )(1 + 3 x ) - 1
x + x 2 + ... + x n - n
h) lim
x 0
x1
x
x -1
g) lim
Trang 53
x2 - 2x + 3
x +1
x 1
x 0
c) lim
1
2
x5 + 1
x3 + 1
xm -1
x -1
f) lim
x 1
i) lim
x -2
xn -1
x 4 - 16
x3 + 2 x2
=0
i s 11
Trn S Tng
a) lim
x2 - 4
x2
x+2 -2
d) lim
x+7 -3
x2
1 + x -1
g) lim
x0 3 1 +
x -1
Bai 4: Tm cc gii hn sau:
1+ x - 3 1+ x
x
a) lim
x 0
1+ 4x - 3 1+ 6x
d) lim
x2
1 + 4x. 1+ 6x -1
g) lim
x 0
x
Bai 5: Tm cc gii hn sau:
x0
x2 + 1
a) lim
2x2 - x + 1
x +
x2 + 2 x + 3 + 4 x + 1
d) lim
4 x2 + 1 + 2 - x
g) lim
(2 x - 1) x 2 - 3
x-
x - 5x2
x 1 3
x1
x 2
8 x + 11 - x + 7
x2 - 3x + 2
x2
3
8 x + 11 - x + 7
2 x2 - 5x + 2
1 + 2 x .3 1 + 4 x - 1
h) lim
x 0
x
x 2
b) lim
2x2 - x + 1
x -2
4 x2 - 2x + 1 + 2 - x
e) lim
9x2 - 3x + 2 x
x2 + 2 x + 3x
h) lim
x +
4 x2 + 1 - x + 2
1 + x2 -1
x
c) lim
x0
x2 + 1 - 1
f) lim
x0
x 2 + 16 - 4
x + 9 + x + 16 - 7
x
i) lim
x 0
2 1+ x - 3 8 - x
x 0
x
c) lim
5 - x3 - x2 + 7
f) lim
x1
i) lim
x 0
2 x2 + 1
c) lim
x +
f) lim
x2 -1
x +1 - 1- x
x
x3 - 3x2 + 2
x x +1
x +
x2 + x +1
x 2 - 5x + 2
x - 2 x + 1
i) lim
b) lim 2 x - 1 - 4 x 2 - 4 x - 3
x +
d) lim x + x + x - x
x +
( 3 2 x -1 - 3 2 x + 1)
x - 15
x -2
x + 3x
3
b) lim
f) lim
x -
1
3
g) lim
x 1 1 - x 1 - x 3
Bai 7: Tm cc gii hn sau:
a) lim+
x -3
3
c) lim x 2 + 1 - x 3 - 1
x +
x+
4x + 4 - 2
x + 3 - 2x
h) lim
e) lim
x -1
2 x + 2 - 3x + 1
x -1
e) lim
e) lim
b) lim
( 3 3x3 - 1 +
x2 + 2
1
1
h) lim
+
x2 x 2 - 3 x + 2
x2 - 5x + 6
b) limx 2
x - 15
x -2
c) lim+
x 3
1 + 3x - 2 x2
x -3
x2 - 4
2-x
2- x
e) lim
f) lim+
2
2
x -2
x 2 2 x - 5 x + 2
x 2 2 x - 5 x + 2
x 2
Bai 8: Tm cc gii hn mt bn ca hm s ti im c ch ra:
1 + x -1
9 - x2
khi x > 0
3
a) f ( x ) = 1 + x - 1
tai x = 0
b) f ( x ) = x - 3 khi x < 3
tai x = 3
3
1 - x khi x 3
khi x 0
2
d) lim+
Trang 54
Trn S Tng
i s 11
x2 - 2 x
x2 - 3x + 2
khi x > 2
khi x > 1
2
c) f ( x ) = 8 - x
tai x = 1
d) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 2
4
x
x
16
khi x 1
khi x < 2
2
x - 2
Bai 9: Tm gi tr ca m cc hm s sau c gii hn ti im c ch ra::
1
3
x3 - 1
khi x > 1
<
1
khi
x
a) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 1
b) f ( x) = x - 1 x3 - 1
tai x = 1
2
2
mx + 2 khi x 1
m x - 3mx + 3 khi x 1
x + m
khi x < 0
x + 3m
khi x < -1
tai x = 0 d) f (x) = 2
tai x = -1
c) f ( x ) = x 2 + 100 x + 3
x
+
x
+
m
+
3
khi
x
1
khi
x
x +3
Trang 55
i s 11
Trn S Tng
III. Hm s lin tc
1. Hm s lin tc ti mt im:
x x0
x x0
x b
khi x 1 tai x = -1
b) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 1
1
khi x = 1
khi x = 1
4
x -5
2 - 7x + 5x2 - x3
khi x > 5
khi
x
2
f (x) = x2 - 3x + 2
tai x = 2 d) f ( x ) = 2 x - 1 - 3
tai x = 5
2
1
khi x = 2
( x - 5) + 3 khi x 5
x -1
1 - cos x khi x 0
khi x < 1
f) f ( x ) = 2 - x - 1
tai x = 1
f ( x) =
tai x = 0
khi x > 0
x +1
-2 x
khi x 1
Tm m, n hm s lin tc ti im c ch ra:
x3 - x2 + 2x - 2
x2
3x + m
khi x = 1
m
khi x = 0
x 2 - x - 6
f ( x) =
khi x 0, x 3 tai x = 0 va x = 3
x( x - 3)
n
khi x = 3
x +3
a) f ( x ) = x - 1
-1
c)
e)
Bai 2:
a)
c)
Trang 56
Trn S Tng
d)
Bai 3:
a)
c)
Bai 4:
a)
i s 11
x2 - x - 2
khi x 2
f ( x) = x - 2
tai x = 2
m
khi x = 2
Xt tnh lin tc ca cc hm s sau trn tp xc nh ca chng:
x3 + x + 2
x2 - 3x + 4
khi x < 2
khi x -1
3
b) f ( x ) = 5
khi x = 2
f ( x) = x + 1
2 x + 1
4
khi x > 2
khi x = -1
3
x2 - 2
x2 - 4
khi x 2
khi x -2
f ( x) = x + 2
d) f ( x ) = x - 2
2 2
khi x = -2
-4
khi x = 2
khi
x
2
f ( x) = x - 2
b) f ( x ) = 2
khi x = 1
m
khi x > 1
khi x = 2
mx + 1
x3 - x 2 + 2 x - 2
x2
khi x 1
c) f ( x ) =
d)
f
(
x
)
=
x -1
2 mx - 3
3 x + m
khi x = 1
Bai 5: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
a) x 3 - 3 x + 1 = 0
b) x 3 + 6 x 2 + 9 x + 1 = 0
Bai 6: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim:
a) x 5 - 3 x + 3 = 0
b) x 5 + x - 1 = 0
khi x < 1
khi x 1
c) 2 x + 6 3 1 - x = 3
c) x 4 + x 3 - 3 x 2 + x + 1 = 0
Bai 7: Chng minh rng phng trnh: x 5 - 5 x 3 + 4 x - 1 = 0 c 5 nghim trn (2; 2).
Bai 8: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim vi mi gi tr ca tham s:
a) m( x - 1)3 ( x - 2) + 2 x - 3 = 0
b) x 4 + mx 2 - 2 mx - 2 = 0
b) ax 2 + bx + c = 0 vi a + 2b + 5c = 0
c) x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0
1
Bai 10: Chng minh rng phng trnh: ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lun c nghim x 0; vi a 0
3
v 2a + 6b + 19c = 0.
Trang 57
i s 11
Trn S Tng
CHNG V
O HM
1. nh ngha o hm ti mt im
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn khong (a; b) v x0 (a; b):
f(x) - f(x 0 )
Dy
= lim
x x 0
D
x
0
x x0
Dx
f '(x 0 ) = lim
y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
ngha vt l:
+ Vn tc tc thi ca chuyn ng thng xc nh bi phng trnh s = s(t) ti thi im
t0 l v(t0) = s(t0).
+ Cng tc thi ca in lng Q = Q(t) ti thi im t0 l I(t0) = Q(t0).
3. Qui tc tnh o hm
( x ) =
(C)' = 0
(x) = 1
(xn) = n.xn1 n N
(u v) = u v
(uv) = uv + vu
u uv - vu
(v 0)
=
v
v2
(ku) = ku
n >1
1
2 x
1
v
=- 2
v
v
lim
(sinx) = cosx
5. Vi phn
dy = df(x) = f (x).Dx
6. o hm cp cao
sin u(x)
= 1 (vi lim u(x) = 0 )
x x 0 u(x)
x x 0
( tan x ) = 1
(cosx) = sinx
cos2 x
lim
( cot x ) = - 1
sin 2 x
Trang 58
Trn S Tng
i s 11
c) y = f(x) =
d) y = f(x) = sin x
e) y = f(x) = 3 x ti x0 = 1
f) y = f(x) =
1
2x - 3
p
6
x2 + x + 1
ti x0 = 0
x -1
ti x0 =
e) f(x) = sin x
c) f(x) = x + 1, (x > - 1)
f) f(x) =
1
cos x
2
- x + x x.
3
x
a) y = 2x 4 - x3 + 2 x - 5
b) y =
e) y = (x 2 + 3x)(2 - x)
f) y =
c) y = (x3 - 2)(1 - x2 )
1 + x - x2
g) y =
3
2x + 1
h) y =
2x + 1
1 - 3x
i) y =
k) y =
x 2 - 3x + 3
x -1
l) y =
2x 2 - 4x + 1
x-3
m) y =
a) y = (x + x + 1)
d) y =
(x + 1)2
(x - 1)3
2 5
b) y = (1 - 2x )
e) y =
1
(x 2 - 2x + 5)2
x +1
- 1
x
1 - x + x2
2x 2
x 2 - 2x - 3
2x + 1
c) y =
x -1
f) y = ( 3 - 2x 2 )
b) y = x 3 - x + 2
d) y = (x - 2) x 2 + 3
e) y =
g) y =
x3
x -1
4x + 1
x2 + 2
h) y = (x - 2)3
Trang 59
c) y = x + x
f) y =
4 + x2
x
3
i) y = (1 + 1 - 2x )
i s 11
Trn S Tng
1 + cos x
b) y = x.cos x
c) y = sin3 (2x + 1)
d) y = cot 2x
e) y = sin 2 + x2
f) y = sin x + 2x
g) y = (2 + sin 2 2x)3
i) y = 2sin 2 4x - 3 cos3 5x
x +1
x -1
k) y = cos2
2
3
1
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
+ (d) ^ ( D) k d = -
1
a
Bai 1: Cho hm s (C): y = f(x) = x2 - 2x + 3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C):
a) Ti im thuc (C) c honh x0 = 1.
b) Song song vi ng thng 4x 2y + 5 = 0.
c) Vung gc vi ng thng x + 4y = 0.
d) Vung gc vi ng phn gic th nht ca gc hp bi cc trc ta .
Bai 2: Cho hm s y = f(x) =
2 - x + x2
(C).
x -1
3x + 1
(C).
1- x
Trn S Tng
i s 11
1
2
d: y = x + 100 .
e) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng
D: 2x + 2y 5 = 0.
Bai 4: Cho hm s (C): y = x3 - 3x 2 .
a) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im I(1, 2).
b) Chng minh rng cc tip tuyn khc ca th (C) khng i qua I.
Bai 5: Cho hm s (C): y = 1 - x - x2 . Tm phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C):
1
2
a) Ti im c honh x0 = .
b) Song song vi ng thng x + 2y = 0.
VN 4: Tnh o hm cp cao
/
a) y = cos x, y'''
b) y = 5x 4 - 2x3 + 5x 2 - 4x + 7, y''
c) y =
d) y = 2x - x 2 , y''
e) y = x sin x, y''
f) y = x tan x, y''
g) y = (x 2 + 1)3 ,y''
h) y = x 6 - 4x3 + 4, y (4)
i) y =
1+ x
(n)
( -1)n n!
(1 + x)
n +1
n.p
1
, y(5)
1- x
a) y =
b) y =
1
x 2 - 3x + 2
e) y = sin2 x
c)
2
b) y = 2x - x
3
y y''+ 1 = 0
x -3
y =
d) x + 4
2y2 = (y - 1)y''
Trang 61
c) y =
x
x2 - 1
f) y = sin 4 x + cos4 x
n.p
i s 11
Trn S Tng
VN 5: Tnh gii hn dng lim
x x 0
sin u(x)
u(x)
x x 0
sin u(x)
= 1 (vi lim u(x) = 0 )
x x 0
u(x)
a) lim
e) lim
b) lim
1 - cos x
x2
x 0
1 + sin x - cos x
f) lim
x 0 1 - sin x - cos x
x 0
c) lim
x
tan 2x
sin 5x
p
2
1 - sin x
p
- x
2
g) lim - x tan x
p 2
x
2
cos x - sin x
p
cos2x
x
d) lim
p
sin x -
6
h) lim
p 3
x
- cos x
6
2
VN 6: Cc bi ton khc
Bai 1: Gii phng trnh f '(x) = 0 vi:
a) f(x) = 3cos x - 4sin x + 5x
d) f(x) = sin x -
3p + x
2
Bai 2: Gii phng trnh f '(x) = g(x) vi:
cos 4x cos 6x
4
6
a) f(x) = sin 3x
b) f(x) = sin 2x
g(x) = sin 6x
2 x
f(x) = 4x cos 2
d)
g(x) = 8cos x - 3 - 2x sin x
x
f(x) = 2x 2 cos2
2
g(x) = x - x 2 sin x
c)
c) f(x) = , g(x) = x - x3
Bai 4: Xc nh m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x R:
a) f '(x) > 0 vi f(x) =
mx3
- 3x 2 + mx - 5
3
mx3 mx 2
+ (m + 1)x - 15
3
2
Trang 62
x2
- 3
2
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
cos3 x + sin 3 x
5 sin x +
= cos 2 x + 3
1 + 2 sin 2 x
p
p
x
=
x - 12 + mp
1
3 .
. PT 5cos x = 2 cos 2 x + 3 cos x =
HD: iu kin:
7
p
5
2
x
x = p
+ np
12
3
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 3 x - cos2 4 x = sin 2 5 x - cos2 6 x
p
x = k 9
HD: PT cos x.sin 9 x.sin 2 x = 0 sin 2 x.sin 9 x = 0
.
x = k p
2
Bai 3. (H 2002D) Tm x thuc on [0; 14] nghim ng phng trnh:
cos 3 x - 4 cos 2 x + 3 cos x - 4 = 0
p
3p
5p
7p
HD: PT 4 cos2 x (cos x - 2) = 0 cos x = 0 x = ; x =
;x =
;x =
.
2
2
2
2
2sin x + cos x + 1
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb1) Cho phng trnh:
= a (a l tham s).
sin x - 2 cos x + 3
1
1. Gii phng trnh khi a = .
3
2. Tm a phng trnh c nghim.
HD:
x
Bai 5. (H 2002Adb2) Gii phng trnh: tan x + cos x - cos2 x = sin x 1 + tan x.tan .
2
HD:
Bai 6. (H 2002Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: tan 4 x + 1 =
HD:
Bai 7. (H 2002Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:
( 2 - sin2 2 x ) sin 3 x
cos 4 x
sin 4 x + cos 4 x 1
1
= cot 2 x .
5sin 2 x
2
8sin 2 x
HD:
Bai 8. (H 2002Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
1
8cos2 x
HD:
Bai 9. (H 2002Ddb2) Xc nh m phng trnh:
= sin x .
thi Tt nghip i hc
HD:
Trn S Tng
p
+ kp .
4
2
Bai 11. (H 2003B) Gii phng trnh: cot x - tan x + 4sin 2 x =
.
sin 2 x
p
sin x 0
HD: iu kin:
. PT 2 cos2 2 x - cos 2 x - 1 = 0 x = + kp .
cos
x
0
3
x p
x
Bai 12. (H 2003D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 - tan 2 x - cos2 = 0 .
2
2 4
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 .
x = p + k 2p
PT (1 - sin x )(1 + cos x )(sin x + cos x ) = 0
.
p
x = - + kp
4
PT (cos x - sin x )(1 - sin x.cos x + sin 2 x ) = 0 x =
HD:
Bai 14. (H 2003Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 3 - tan x ( tan x + 2 sin x ) + 6 cos x = 0 .
HD:
Bai 15. (H 2003Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 3 cos 4 x - 8 cos6 x + 2 cos2 x + 3 = 0 .
HD:
Bai 16. (H 2003Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:
( 2 - 3 ) cos x - 2sin2 x - p
2 cos x - 1
4 = 1.
HD:
cos2 x ( cos x - 1)
Bai 17. (H 2003Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
= 2(1 + sin x ) .
sin x + cos x
HD:
2 cos 4 x
Bai 18. (H 2003Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: cot x = tan x +
.
sin 2 x
HD:
Bai 19. (H 2004B) Gii phng trnh: 5sin x - 2 = 3(1 - sin x ) tan 2 x .
p
x = + k 2p
6
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + 3sin x - 2 = 0
.
5
p
x =
+ k 2p
6
Bai 20. (H 2004D) Gii phng trnh: (2 cos x - 1)(2sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x - sin x .
p
x = 3 + k 2p
HD: PT (2 cos x - 1)(sin x + cos x ) = 0
.
p
x = - + kp
Bai 21. (H 2004Adb1) Gii phng trnh: 4 ( sin3 x + cos3 x ) = cos x + 3sin x .
HD:
Bai 22. (H 2004Adb2) Gii phng trnh:
1 - sin x + 1 - cos x = 1 .
HD:
Trang 64
p
1
1
=
.
+
4 sin x cos x
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
HD:
Bai 24. (H 2004Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 4 x .sin 7 x = cos3 x .cos 6 x .
HD:
Bai 25. (H 2004Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x. cos 2 x + sin 2 x.cos x = sin 4 x. cos x .
HD:
Bai 26. (H 2004Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin x + sin 2 x = 3(cos x + cos 2 x ) .
HD:
Bai 27. (H 2005A) Gii phng trnh: cos2 3 x.cos 2 x - cos2 x = 0 .
p
.
2
Bai 28. (H 2005B) Gii phng trnh: 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 0 .
p
x = - 4 + kp
.
HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(2 cos x + 1) = 0
x = 2p + k 2p
p
p 3
Bai 29. (H 2005D) Gii phng trnh: cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos x - sin 3 x - - = 0 .
4
4 2
p
HD: PT sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 2 = 0 x = + kp .
4
Bai 30. (H 2005Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh:
x
3p
4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x .
2
p
5p
17p
5p
HD: PT cos 2 x + = cos(p - x ) x =
;x=
; x=
.
6
18
18
6
p
Bai 31. (H 2005Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos3 x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 .
4
HD: PT 2 cos2 4 x + cos 4 x - 3 = 0 x = k
Vy: PT c nghim: x =
p
p
+ kp hoc x = + kp .
2
4
Bai 32. (H 2005Bdb1) Gii phng trnh : sin x.cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2sin3 x = 0 .
p
x = + k 2p
6
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0
.
5
x = p + k 2p
6
p
cos 2 x - 1
Bai 33. (H 2005Bdb2) Gii phng trnh : tan + x - 3tan 2 x =
2
cos2 x
p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp .
4
Trang 65
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
3p
sin x
tan
- x+
=2 .
2
1 + cos x
p
x = 6 + k 2p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT 2sin x = 1
.
x = 5p + k 2p
6
Bai 35. (H 2005Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0 .
p
x = + k 2p
6
sin
x
=
5
x = p + k 2p
2
.
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0
6
sin x - p = 2
4 2
x = 2 + k 2p
= +
x p k 2p
Bai 34. (H 2005Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
=0.
2
p
. PT 3sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 4 = 0 x = + kp .
2
4
5p
+ 2mp .
i chiu iu kin, kt lun PT c nghim: x =
4
x
Bai 37. (H 2006B) Gii phng trnh: cot x + sin x 1 + tan x .tan = 4 .
2
x
HD: iu kin: sin x 0, cos x 0, cos 0 .
2
p
x = 12 + kp
cos x sin x
1
PT
+
= 4 sin 2 x =
.
sin x cos x
2
x = 5p + kp
12
HD: PT cos 4 x =
2+3 2
.
8
2
p
p
x = +k .
2
16
2
p
2sin 2 x - + 4sin x + 1 = 0 .
6
x = kp
)
3 cos x + sin x + 2 = 0
.
7p
+ k 2p
x =
HD: PT sin x (
HD:
6
2
cos 2 x + (1 + 2 cos x )(sin x - cos x ) = 0 .
Trang 66
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
p
x = 4 + kp
p
HD: PT (sin x - cos x )(cos x - sin x + 1) = 0 x = + k 2p .
2
x = p + k 2p
cos3 x + sin 3 x + 2 sin 2 x = 1 .
p
x = - 4 + kp
HD: PT (cos x + sin x )(1 - cos x )(sin x + 1) = 0 x = k 2p
.
x = - p + k 2p
p
x = - + k 2p
2
.
HD: PT (sin x + 1)(-2 cos2 x + 3cos x + 2) = 0
2
p
x =
+ k 2p
3
p
x = - 4 + kp
p
HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(1 - sin x )(1 - cos x ) = 0 x = + k 2p .
2
x = k 2p
2sin 2 2 x + sin 7 x - 1 = sin x .
p
p
x = 8 + k 4
p
2p
HD: PT cos 4 x ( 2sin 3 x - 1) = 0 ) x = + k
.
18
3
5p
2p
x = 18 + k 3
x
x
Bai 47. (H 2007D) Gii phng trnh: sin + cos + 3 cos x = 2 .
2
2
p
x = 2 + k 2p
p 1
HD: PT 1 + sin x + 3 cos x = 2 cos x - =
6 2
x = - p + k 2p
6
1
1
= 2 cot 2 x .
Bai 48. (H 2007Adb1) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + sin x 2 sin x sin 2 x
p
p
HD: iu kin sin 2 x 0 . PT cos 2 x ( 2 cos2 x + cos x + 1) = 0 x = + k .
4
2
Bai 49. (H 2007Adb2) Gii phng trnh:
2 cos2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x + 1 = 3(sin x + 3 cos x ) .
p
p
2p
HD: PT 2 cos2 x - - 3cos x - = 0 x =
+ kp .
6
3
5x p
x p
3x
Bai 50. (H 2007Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin
- - cos - = 2 cos
2
2 4
2 4
Trang 67
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
p
2p
x = 3 + k 3
3x
p
p
HD: PT cos 2 cos x + + 2 = 0 x = + k 2p .
2
4
x = p + k 2p
sin 2 x cos 2 x
+
= tan x - cot x .
cos x
sin x
p
HD: iu kin: sin 2 x 0 . PT cos x = - cos 2 x x = + k2p .
3
p
Bai 52. (H 2007Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 sin x - cos x = 1
12
p
p
p
p
5p
HD: PT sin 2 x - = cos = sin
x = + kp hay x = + kp .
4
3
12
12
12
Bai 53. (H 2007Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: (1 tan x )(1 + sin 2 x ) = 1 + tan x .
p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT (cos x + sin x )(cos 2 x - 1) = 0 x = - 4 + kp .
=
x kp
7p
1
1
Bai 54. (H 2008A) Gii phng trnh:
+
= 4 sin
- x.
4
sin x
3p
sin x
3p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0, sin x 0.
2
p
x = - 4 + kp
1
p
PT (sin x + cos x )
+ 2 2 = 0 x = - + kp
8
sin x cos x
5p
x = 8 + kp
sin3 x - 3 cos3 x = sin x cos2 x - 3 sin 2 x cos x .
p
p
p
HD: PT cos 2 x ( sin x + 3 cos x ) = 0 x = + k ; x = - + kp .
4
2
3
Bai 56. (H 2008D) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x (1 + cos 2 x ) + sin 2 x = 1 + 2 cos x .
Bai 55. (H 2008B) Gii phng trnh:
2p
p
+ k 2p ; x = + kp .
3
4
Bai 57. (H 2008Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh:
x
3p
4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x .
2
p
HD: PT -2 cos x = 3 cos 2 x - sin 2 x cos 2 x + = cos (p - x )
6
5p
2p
7p
+k
hay x = + h2p
18
3
6
5p
17p
5p
Do x (0; p ) nn ch chn x =
; x=
; x=
.
18
18
6
x=
Trang 68
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
p
2 2 cos3 x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 .
Bai 59. (H 2008Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin x cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2 sin 3 x = 0 .
p
+ kp .
2
p
5p
PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0 x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
p
cos 2 x - 1
2
Bai 60. (H 2008Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: tan + x - 3tan x =
.
2
cos2 x
p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp .
4
3p
sin x
tan
- x+
= 2.
Bai 61. (H 2008Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
2
1 + cos x
p
x = 6 + k 2p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT (cos x + 1)(2 sin x - 1) = 0
.
5
p
x =
+ k 2p
6
Bai 62. (H 2008Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0
1
sin x = 2
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0
sin x - p = 2
4 2
p
5p
p
x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = p + k 2p .
6
6
2
(1 - 2sin x ) cos x
Bai 63. (H 2009A) Gii phng trnh:
= 3.
(1 + 2sin x )(1 - sin x )
1
HD: iu kin: sin x 1, sin x - .
2
p
p
PT cos x - 3 sin x = sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x cos x + = cos 2 x -
6
p
2p
x = - +k
.
18
3
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 x
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
p
x = - 6 + k 2p
p
.
HD: PT sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x = 2 cos 4 x cos 3 x - = cos 4 x
p
2
p
6
x =
+k
42
7
3 cos 5 x - 2 sin 3 x cos 2 x - sin x = 0 .
p
p
x
=
+
k
3
1
p
18
3 .
HD: PT
cos 5 x - sin 5 x = sin x sin - 5 x = sin x
p
3
2
2
x = - + k p
6
2
p
(1 + sin x + cos 2 x )sin x +
4 = 1 cos x
Bai 66. (H 2010A) Gii phng trnh:
1 + tan x
2
HD: iu kin: cos x 0; 1 + tan x 0 .
p
7p
+ k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
Bai 67. (H 2010B) Gii phng trnh: (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) cos x + 2 cos 2 x - sin x = 0 .
p
p
HD: PT (sin x + cos x + 2) cos 2 x = 0 x = + k .
4
2
Bai 68. (H 2010D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x - cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 1 = 0 .
p
5p
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(cos x + sin x + 2) = 0 x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
Bai 69. (H 2011A)
1.
HD:
PT sin x + cos 2 x = 0 x = -
Trang 70
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
II. T HP XC SUT
THI TT NGHIP
Bai 1. (TN 2002) C bao nhiu s t nhin chn c bn ch s i mt khc nhau?
S: 2296
Bai 2. (TN 2003) Gii h phng trnh cho bi h thc sau:
S: ( x = 8; y = 3) .
C xy+1 : C xy +1 : Cxy -1 = 6 : 5 : 2
Pn+ 4
(n - k )!
60A kn++ 23 .
k n
S: BPT
(n + 5)(n + 4)(n - k + 1) 60
+ Xt vi n 4: BPT v nghim.
+ Xt vi n {0, 1, 2, 3} c cc nghim (n; k) l: (0; 0), (1; 0), (1; 1), (2; 2), (3; 3).
5
Bai 4. (TN 2005) Gii bt phng trnh, n n thuc tp s t nhin: Cnn+-21 + Cnn+2 > An2 .
2
S: n 2.
Bai 5. (TN 2006kpb) Tm h s ca x 5 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca (1 + x )n , nN*,
ca n phn t).
S: n = 6.
Bai 7. (TN 2007kpbln 2) Gii phng trnh: 3Cn3 + 2Cn2 = 3 An2 (trong Ank l s chnh
(2 x - 1)10 .
3
S: -27 C10
.
S:
Trang 71
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Cho khai trin nh thc:
x -1
2 2
-x
+2 3
( )
x -1
0
= Cn 2 2
( ) ( )
x -1
1
+ Cn 2 2
n -1
-x
23
( )( )
x -1
n -1
+ ... + Cn 2 2
-x
23
n -1
( )
-x
n
+ Cn 2 3
(n l s nguyn dng). Bit rng trong khai trin Cn3 = 5C1n , s hng th t bng 20n.
Tm n v x.
HD: n = 7; x = 4.
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Cho a gic u A1A 2 ...A 2n ni tip ng trn (O; R). Bit rng s tam
gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n im A1 , A 2 , ... , A 2n nhiu gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c
cc nh l 4 trong 2n im A1 , A 2 , ... , A 2n , tm n.
HD:
Bai 3. (H 2002D) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho: C 0n + 2C1n + 4C2n + ... + 2 n Cnn = 243.
HD: n = 5.
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb2) Gi s n l s nguyn dng v (1 + x )n = a0 + a1 x + ... + an x n . Bit
ak -1
2
ak
9
ak +1
24
, hy tnh n.
HD:
Bai 5. (H 2002Bdb2) Tm s n nguyn dng tho bt phng trnh An3 + 2Cnn-2 9n
1
n+1
n
5
3 + x , bit rng: Cn+ 4 - Cn+3 = 7(n + 3) (trong n l s nguyn dng, x > 0,
x
4
C12
= 495 .
S=
Cn0
22 - 1 1 23 - 1 2
2 n +1 - 1 n
+
Cn +
Cn + ... +
C .
2
3
n +1 n
HD:
Trang 72
3n+1 - 2 n+1
.
n +1
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
HD: Khai trin [1 + x 2 (1 - x )]8 . Xc nh c a8 = C83 .C32 + C84 .C40 = 168 + 70 = 238 .
Bai 18. (H 2004B) Trong mt mn hc, thy gio c 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 cu hi
Bai 19. (H 2004D) Tm cc s hng khng cha x trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca
3
1
x+4
x
vi x > 0.
HD: C74 = 35 .
Bai 20. (H 2004Adb1) Cho tp A gm n phn t, n 7. Tm n, bit rng s tp con gm 7
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
HD:
Bai 22. (H 2004Bdb1) Bit rng (2 + x )100 = a0 + a1 x + ... + a100 x100 . Chng minh rng
1
Bai 24. (H 2004Ddb1) Bit rng trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca x + tng cc h
x
s ca hai s hng u tin bng 24, tnh tng cc h s ca cc s hng cha x k vi k >
0 v chng minh rng tng ny l mt s chnh phng.
HD:
Bai 25. (H 2004Ddb2) C bao nhiu s t nhin tho mn dng thi ba iu kin sau: gm
ng 4 ch s i mt khc nhau; l s chn; nh hn 2158 ?
HD:
Bai 26. (H 2005A) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho:
C21n +1 - 2.2C22n+1 + 3.22 C23n+1 - 4.23 C24n +1 + ... + (2 n + 1).2 2 n C22nn++11 = 2005
( Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )2 n+1 . Ly o hm hai v, ri thay x = 2.
S: n = 1002.
Bai 27. (H 2005B) Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ngi, gm 12 nam v 3 n. Hi
c bao nhiu cch phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn v gip 3 tnh min ni,
sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n.
HD:
4
C31C12
.C21C84 .C11C44 = 207900 .
An4+1 + 3A3n
(n + 1)!
, bit rng:
(*)
s t hp chp k ca n phn t)
Trang 74
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
C k C k +1
2005 (k N) k 1002 k = 1002 hay k = 1003
HD:
ln nht 2005
k
k
k -1
1003
C2005 C2005
Bai 31. (H 2005Bdb1) Tm s nguyn n ln hn 1 tha mn ng thc:
2Pn + 6A 2n - Pn A 2n = 12
k
C2005
1
k
n
1
2
20
7
4 + x , bit rng C2 n +1 + C2 n+1 + ... + C2 n+1 = 2 - 1 . (n nguyn dng, ( C n l s t
x
(1)
1 0
C2 n+1 + C22n+1 + ... + C22nn++11
2
(2)
(3)
Bai 36. (H 2006B) Cho tp hp A gm n phn t (n 4). Bit rng s tp con gm 4 phn t
k +1
C18
k
C18
18 - k
9
10
18
1
2
9
< 1 k 9, nn C18
> C18
> ... > C18
C18
< C18
< ... < C18
.
k +1
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
rng:
0 1
100C100
99
100
1 1
- 101C100
198
99 1
+ ... - 199C100
199
100 1
+ 200C100
=0.
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
7 2 9
8 3 8
8 2 9
S: C73C26
C4 C19 + C72C26
C5 C18 + C72C26
C5 C18 .
1 1 1 3 1 5
1
2 2n - 1
C2n + C2 n + C2 n + ... + C22nn-1 =
2
4
6
2n
2n + 1
1
(1 + x )2 n - (1 - x )2 n
dx
C21n x + C23n x 3 + ... + C22nn-1 x 2 n-1 dx
=
2
0
0
22 n - 1 1 1 1 3 1 5
1
= C2 n + C2 n + C2 n + ... + C22nn-1
2n + 1 2
4
6
2n
Bai 45. (H 2007B) Tm h s ca s hng cha x10 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca
(2 + x )n , bit 3n Cn0 - 3n-1Cn1 + 3n -2 Cn2 - 3n-3 Cn3 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = 2048
(n l s nguyn dng, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: Ta c: 3n Cn0 - 3n-1C1n + 3n -2 Cn2 - 3n-3 Cn3 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = (3 - 1)n = 2 n .
T gi thit suy ra n = 11.
10 1
H s ca s hng cha x10 trong khai trin ca (2 + x )11 l: C11
.2 = 22 .
x(1 - 2 x )5 + x 2 (1 + 3 x )10
HD: H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x (1 - 2 x )5 l: (-2)4 C54 .
3
H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x 2 (1 + 3 x )10 l: 33 C10
.
3
H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x (1 - 2 x )5 + x 2 (1 + 3 x )10 l: (-2)4 C54 + 33 C10
s khc nhau?
HD: Gi s s cn lp l n = a1a2 a3a4 > 2007. Xt hai trng hp a4 = 0 v a4 0.
S: 448 + 1568 = 2016 s.
Bai 48. (H 2007Adb2) Trn cc cnh AB, BC, CD, DA ca hnh vung ABCD ln lt cho
1, 2, 3 v n im phn bit khc A, B, C, D. Tm n bit s tam gic c ba nh ly t
n + 6 im cho l 439.
HD: Vi n 2 th n + 6 8. S tam gic to thnh khng vt qu C83 = 56 < 439
(loi). Vy n 3.
S tam gic to thnh l: Cn3+6 - C33 - Cn3 = 439 n = 10.
A2 + C 3 = 22
y
Bai 49. (H 2007Bdb1) Tm x, y N tha mn h: x3
.
2
+
=
66
A
C
y
x
HD: (x = 4; y = 5).
Trang 77
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
a1
2
+ ... +
a0 , a1 ,..., an .
an
2n
a
a1
1
+ ... + n = f = 2 n .
2
2
2n
Gi s:
k
2 k C12
ak
k +1
23
<1
<1
<1 k <
.
k +1
ak +1
2(12 - k )
3
2 k +1 C12
ak
> 1 k > 7 . Do a8 > a9 > ... > a12 .
ak +1
8
= 126720 .
Vy s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 ,..., an l a8 = 28 C12
n +1 1
1 1
k + k +1 = k (n, k l cc s nguyn
n+2 C
n+1 Cn+1 Cn
n +1 1
1
k !(n - k )! 1
=
.
k + k +1 ==
k
n+2 C
n!
C
C
n+1
n
n+1
Bai 55. (H 2008D) Tm s nguyn dng n tho mn h thc C21n + C23n + ... + C22nn -1 = 2048
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
s nguyn dng tha mn: C21n +1 + C23n+1 + C25n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = 1024 ( Cnk l s t hp
chp k ca n phn t).
HD: S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )2 n+1 . Ln lt cho x = 1 v x = 1.
Tnh c C21n +1 + C23n+1 + C25n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = 22 n 2n = 10.
3 7 3
Suy ra h s ca x 7 l -C10
3 .2 .
nhiu cch lp mt nhm ng ca gm 8 ngi bit rng trong nhm phi c t nht 3
n.
5
4
3
HD: C53C10
+ C54C10
+ C55C10
= 3690 cch.
C2005 C2005
Bai 61. (H 2008Ddb2) Tm s nguyn n ln hn 1 tha mn ng thc:
2Pn + 6A 2n - Pn A 2n = 12
( Pn l s hon v ca n phn t v A nk l s chnh hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: PT (6 - n!) [ n(n - 1) - 2 ] = 0 n = 3 hay n = 2.
Trang 79