Best 13AN Module 4 Questions 3. a) x= RubP Y= GP b) Substance Y (GP) is reduced to GALP by ATP and NADP 7.

a) From 1987-1994 when antibiotic used increases, percentage of infections resistance

also increases. This is because some bacteria can mutate themselves to resist to antibiotic. These bacteria reproduce and pass on the resistance gene to their offspring. In 1994, the antibiotic used is 13 kg and the percentage of infections resistance is 13% b) i) B has larger area with no bacteria(clear zone) than C. Therefore, B is more ii) Size of molecule can affect the amount of antibiotic absorption by the bacteria. Antibiotic C will absorb in to the bacteria less than antibiotic B. Therefore, clear zone of antibiotic C will decrease. iii) Viruses have no cell wall and no ribosomes. Therefore, antibiotic C and D have no effect on the viruses. 9. a) i) At 0 day GPP and NPP start at the same point at 4 arbitrary units of primary effective at killing these bacteria than antibiotic C.

productivity. From 0-20 days, both graph GPP and NPP increase. However, after 2.5 days GPP increases steeper than NPP. ii) NPP is GPP respiration. When the time since planting increases, the respiration also increases. Therefore, NPP still increases but less steep than GPP. b) NPP = GPP respiration : when GPP increases and respiration decreases, NPP increases. However, when GPP decreases and respiration in decreases, NPP decreases. 10. a) All mammals produce heat from metabolic reaction like respiration. From the time of

death the metabolic reactions slow down and eventually stop, causing body temperature to fall

until it equal to surrounding temperature. Therefore, they can calculate the time of death by using the rate of body temperature to cool down. b) Different species have a different life cycle. So collecting data about several species can make sure that the result is right or wrong by check that for each species grow at the same trend or not. c) because there are many factors that we cant control in the investigation. 29. a) succession b) when plant community increases, number of species of small bird also increases. This is because as succession goes on, the ecosystem becomes more complex. New species of bird move in alongside existing species which means the species diversity increases. Also, there is more variety of food for the birds to eat and more habitats for them to live. c) pine trees are very tall trees but small birds usually live in lower area. So there are less camouflage for them from predator. Therefore, the number of small birds decreases. However, in mixed woodland there are more types of plant so the small birds have more chance to survive. d) Deforestation which damage the habitat of living organisms by cutting trees. Also, build a factory also damage the habitat. These effects on the ecosystem. 57. a) virus changes shape of its antigens so B cells cant recognize this virus. Therefore, b) i) Infected cell release interferon and interferon binds to cell surface membrane antibodies cant destroy this virus. receptor. Enzyme A is activated by viral RNA inside the cell and the activation of RNase which hydrolyses viral RNA to break down. Therefore, the viral RNA cant replicate to viral protein. So this can reduce the virus in the body. ii)