LTE Uplink transmission

S. Srikanth

UL Subframe

Reference signals

UL Physical Channels

UL transmission
UE scheduling

Control Information

HARQ

Random Access

Uplink channels
Uplink transport channels Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) Used for uplink data transfer

Random Access Channel (RACH)

Uplink physical channels Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Used for random access

Carry random access information

Carries bandwidth request

Physical uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

Carry control information

Carries HARQ ,SR & CQI

Physical UL shared Channel (PUSCH)

Carry uplink data transfer

Carries CQI, BSR, HARQ ACK

UL- frame view

PRACH region , selected subframes contain preamble Frequency

. . PUSCH User 1 data PUCCH

RBs

PUSCH User 2 data

PUSCH User 3 data

Frame x

Frame y

Time (msec)

UL subframe view
Frequency
Demodulated Reference Signals(DMRS) sent by individual user

To coherently demodulate data sent by user 1

. . PUSCH User 1 data PUSCH User 2 data

Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)

RBs

PUCCH

PUSCH User 3 data

PRACH at selected RBs & subframe

OFDM

symbols

7 8 1 msec

10 11 12 13 Time (msec)
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Reference signal-DMRS
To coherently demodulate data sent by users Sent in the middle of the slot

Sent by an user in the resource elements used by that user in the slot

Zadoff chu-sequences sent in DMRS & used in channel estimation

eNB use received information along with known transmit signals to calculate channel estimates on the relevant REs and use it for coherent demodulation

Sounding Reference Signal -SRS

SRS
Configured by eNB for selected bandwidth & also in selected subframes

Multiple users share this space. Always sent in the last OFDM symbol of the subframe Differentiation Using orthogonal sequences Estimate channel response for user in whole bandwidth
Used for frequency selective scheduling

Uplink scheduling

Scheduling

Frequency selective scheduling

Non-frequency selective scheduling

Localized allocation of RB is used in both slot of subframe - No frequency hopping during subframe

For high speed mobiles To enable frequency selective scheduling, timely CQI is required at eNB

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How does UE obtain bandwidth?

Procedure -1 Contention based eNB UE
Random Preamble Transmit over PRACH PDCCH

Allocation indicated on PDCCH

Scheduling request (PUCCH)

Use C-RNTI to identify UE

PDCCH

DCI format 0 for UL PUSCH allocation

Obtain Bandwidth for multiple services within a UE

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Uplink scheduling

Uplink grant in subframe number n FDD

UL DL Subframe
#n #n+1 #n+2 #n+3

Uplink transmission starts in subframe number n+4

#n+4

#n+5

#n+6

#n+7

#n+8

#n+9

Uplink grant in subframe number n

TDD
UL
#n #n+1 #n+2 #n+3

Uplink transmission possible from n+4 subframes

DL Subframe

#n+4

#n+5

#n+6

#n+7

#n+8

#n+9

1 Frame (10 ms)

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Scheduling within UE
Prioritized Data rate

Scheduled data rate

Logical channel #1 Logical channel #2

Transmitted

Scheduled data rate

UE
Logical channel #1 Logical channel #2

eNB

Transmitted

Scheduled data rate

Logical channel #1

Logical channel #2

Scheduler needs knowledge about amount of data awaiting for transmission

Transmitted

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How does UE obtain extra Bandwidth

Procedure -2
PDCCH

UE
Allocation indicated on PDCCH Data + BSR (PUSCH) PDCCH PUSCH

eNB
Additional bandwidth Request

4 sub frame gap

HARQ (ACK/NACK) in PHICH

In FDD , if the uplink transmission occurs in subframe n, the corresponding PHICH will be in subframe n+4 in the time domain

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PHICH in DL subframe
Resource Block (12 REs) Frequency Located in the first OFDM symbol of each subframe Carried by several Resource Element Groups (REGs)

PHICH

.
1 Sub Frame

Carries Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACK/NACK) for uplink data transfers
PHICHs can share the same set of REGs & are differentiated using orthogonal sequences PHICHs which share the same REGs are called a PHICH group.

OFDM symbol 0 1 2 3 4 . 14

1st Subframe

Specific PHICH is identified by two parameters: PHICH group number orthogonal sequence index within the group

Time Resource Element Group (1 REG = 4 REs)

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PHICH
1 bit to indicate ACK/NACK

ACK/NACK information

Number of orthogonal sequence defined - 8 Each PHICH group contain 8 PHICH

Channel Coding
Make to 3 bit 111 or 000 3 coded bit

Number of PHICH groups = Ceiling [Ng*(N_DL_RB /8)]

Ng = [1/6 , 1/2 , 1, 2 ]
= 2 x 100 (20MHz) / 8 = 25

BPSK modulation

Number of UEs / PHICH = 25*8 = 200

Orthogonal codes
Spreading factor =4 4x3 = 12 symbols Required REs =12 (3 REGs)

Uplink resource allocation is indicated by the with DCI format 0

Single PHICH
The specific PHICH (PHICH group number, orthogonal sequence index within the group) is derived from the lowest uplink PRB index in the first slot of the corresponding PUSCH transmission and the DMRS cyclic shift 16

UL Power control

Open loop power control for initial access based on path loss and expected received levels M S

Closed loop power control from eNB every 1 ms

eNB

Sent on PDCCH with specified DCI formats, Different step size for PUSCH & PUCCH

Mobile has to adjust power within 4 subframes

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UL Physical data channel processing

PUSCH Information bits

Turbo Channel coding and Rate matching

Symbol-level Channel interleaving

Bit Scrambling

Bit-to-Symbol Mapper

DFTSpreading

Subcarrier Mapping

OFDM Modulation with subcarrier shift

PUSCH Baseband Transmit Signal

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Uplink data rate

Maximum uplink data rate for 20MHz bandwidth (100 RBs) REs per RB = 12 x 7 = 84 REs Overhead (DMRS & SRS) =12 Available REs/RB = 84 -12 = 72 REs =144 (in 1 ms) Total REs available /subframe = 14400 For 64 QAM, 1 symbol = 6 bits Therefore Total bits/subframe = 86400 bits / 1ms Uplink data rate = 86.4 Mbps
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Summary
UL contains PUSCH for carrying data and control and PUCCH for control.

Reference signals help in demodulating data and for scheduling.

Bandwidth request is made by sending SR information using PRACH or by sending BSR status. UL physical channels use RBs assigned by the eNB.

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