3.3.

Mng Internet
3.3.1.Gii thiu chung v Internet 3.3.2.Cc dch v v ng dng trn Internet

3.3.1.Gii thiu chung v Internet

a) Lch s

6/1968: b quc phng M thit lp mng my tnh u tin, ly tn gi l ARPANET u nhng nm 80, tch lm 2 mng qun s (Milnet) v dn s (vn gi l ARPANET) 11/1986: c 5089 my kt ni vo mng Ti nm 1990, mng my tnh m rng ra ton cu, chnh thc tr thnh mng Internet ngy nay.

b) C ch qun l Internet

Khng c c quan qun l ti cao cho ton b mng Internet. Mt t chc ng ra iu phi hot ng: Hip hi Internet (IOSC). Vic phn phi a ch IP do cc trung tm thng tin mng (NIC) ca tng khu vc m nhim

3.3.2 Cc dch v v ng dng trn Internet

ng dng v giao thc ng dng

ng dng:

Cc tin trnh (c giao tip vi nhau) trn Internet Hot ng trn cc h thng cui Trao i thng ip L cc quy tc giao tip S dng cc dch v giao vn Web (HTTP), Mail (SMTP/POP/IMAP)

Giao thc ng dng

V d ng dng/giao thc

Cc thnh phn ca ng dng

Giao din ngi s dng

H tr NSD lm vic vi ng dng (trnh duyt web, phn mm gi th, v.v) Ci t cc giao thc v s dng dch v giao vn

Tin trnh ng dng: mt chng trnh ang chy Giao tip gia cc tin trnh

IPC (inter-process communication) trn mt my Socket: gia cc my trn mng

Giao tip gia cc tin trnh trn Internet

Socket l 1 giao din gia tin trnh ng dng v tng giao vn Socket c nh danh bi

S hiu cng, a ch IP Kiu giao thc giao vn (TCP, UPD)

Socket API: Cho php cc tin trnh la chn tham s, dch v

Cc m hnh ng dng

Khch ch P2P M hnh lai

M hnh khch ch

Khch:

Gi yu cu truy cp dch v n my ch C th c a ch IP ng hay vo mng khng thng xuyn V nguyn tc, khng lin lc trc tip vi cc khch khc Thng xuyn online a ch IP tnh C my ch d phng nng cao hiu nng phng s c

Ch:

M hnh im im thun ty

Khng c my ch trung tm Cc my c vai tr ngang nhau Hai my bt k c th lin lc trc tip C th c IP ng, khng cn vo mng trc tip

M hnh lai

Mt my ch trung tm qun l NSD, thng tin tm kim Cc my khch giao tip trc tip vi nhau sau khi ng nhp V d Skype:

My ch Skype qun l cc phin ng nhp, mt khu Sau khi kt ni cc my gi VoIP trc tip cho nhau

a) Dch v chuyn i tn min(DNS)

nh danh my tnh qua a ch IP ->

Kh nh Khng th hin c cc thng tin cn thit: a l T chc Ngi dng Thch hp vi cc thit b (host, router)

S dng cch t tn thng thng (tn min) nh danh cho mt my tnh trn mng

www.yahoo.com www.vnexpress.net

Tn min

Tn min

Gm cc min, min cch nhau bi du (.) Gi nh di thay i Cp cao nht Lnh vc hot ng (edu, gov, com, mil, org, net) Cp quc gia (vn, jp, cn, ) Cp di Theo t chc (vcu, hut,) Theo dch v cung cp, (mail, ) V d: www.vcu.edu.vn, mail.vcu.edu.vn

Khun dng tn min: Phn min theo cc cp

Tn min c c t tri sang phi Tn min c x l t phi sang tri

Phn quan trng nht bn phi Phn tn cng bn tri l tn mt my tnh c th

Mt t chc mun tham gia h thng t tn min, t chc phi p dng mt tn pha di mt trong cc min cp trn cng.

Tn min

Tn min d nh nhng my tnh khng s dng trc tip c.

Tn min c di xu k t thay i X l phc tp hn (so snh) Lu tn min x l tn nhiu khng gian b nh

Tn min khng cha thng tin gip nh v my tnh trn mng -> Dch v chuyn i tn min sang a ch IP (Domain Name System)

C ch phn gii tn min

Vic nh x a ch IP vo tn min c thc hin bi cc phn mm Name Server ci t ti my ch v phn mm Name Resolver ci t trn my khch/trm.

T chc my ch DNS

C s d liu ca tn min khng lu tr trn ch mt my m c phn phi gia nhiu my ch DNS ti cc vng (site) khc nhau trn Internet. Mi my ch DNS qun l mt phn ca h thng phn cp tn min. Khi mt t chc qun l mt min nht nh, n c th t to cy phn cp tn min ca t chc .

My ch tn gc: Cha thng tin v cch lin lc vi cc server khc My ch tn ca Vit Nam: qun l tn min .vn My ch tn ca H Thng mi: qun l tn min .edu.vn Cc my ch lin kt vi nhau to thnh mt h thng ng nht. Mi my ch bit cch lin lc vi my ch tn gc v cch lin lc vi cc my ch qun l cc tn phn di ca h thng phn cp.

T chc my ch DNS

Local name servers: Mi nh cung cp dch v duy tr mt LNS ca ring mnh Root name servers: C 13 RNS trn th gii, tp trung ch yu Bc M, c th chuyn i tn min trc tip hoc trung gian vi cc ANS Authoritative name servers: ni ng k tn min ca cc my tnh trn mng

Hot ng ca my ch DNS

Yu cu chuyn i tn min trc ht c a cho LNS ca nh cung cp dch v Nu khng chuyn i c, yu cu s c a cho mt RNS no RNS s xem xt, nu cn thit s xc nh ANS yu cu chuyn i tn min hoc a cho LNS a ch ca my ch qun l tn min cp thp hn tng ng

Hot ng ca my ch DNS
Root name server

Local name server

Authoritative name server

Computer

Hot ng ca my ch DNS

b)Th in t

Th in t (Email) l mt trong nhng ng dng mng lu i nht nhng li ph dng nht.

Cc thnh phn ca h thng th in t

Cc chng trnh h tr ngi dng (User Agent): c, son tho th , ly th t my ch , gi th ti my ch. V d OutLook, Thunderbird... My ch th in t cha hp th n ca ngi dng (mail box), hng i gi th i. V d Sendmail, MS Exchange

Mi mt hp th phi c a ch cha thng tin v ngi gi v tn min ca my ch cung cp dch v th in t. tn_ngi_dng@tn_min SMTP POP, IMAP

Giao thc chuyn th

Quy trnh gi nhn th in t

Giao thc chuyn th

POP3
(Post Offic Protocol version 3 [RFC 1939]): c cc chng trnh h tr ngi dng s dng ly th v t hp th ca n trn server

Hot ng

Chng trnh h tr ngi dng khi ng mt ni kt TCP trn cng 110 n my ch th in t. Khi kt ni thc hin xong, phin lm vic POP3 s tri qua ba giai on theo th t: Chng thc: Xc nhn ngi dng hp l Ti ht th v my ca ngi dng Cp nht

Giao thc chuyn th (t)

IMAP

(Internet Mail Access Protocol [RFC 1730]): Giao thc nhn th c nhiu tnh nng vt tri hn POP3, IMAP cho php gi mail. Chng trnh h tr ngi dng khi ng mt ni kt TCP trn cng 143 n my ch th in t Ngi dng to, xa v sa i nhiu hp th trn my ch cng nh lu tr v x l th trn my ch th in t.

Hot ng

So snh POP3, IMAP

Giao thc chuyn th (t)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

c cc server dng chuyn th qua li vi nhau c cc chng trnh h tr ngi dng dng gi th ti server Sau khi thit lp ni kt TCP n cng 25 ca my ch (my ch), my ngun (my ngi dng hay mt my ch th in t khc gi chung l my khch _ client) ch nhn kt qu tr v t my ch.

Hot ng

Hot ng (t)

My ch gi mt dng vn bn n my khch thng bo danh tnh ca n v kh nng tip nhn th.

Nu my ch khng c kh nng nhn th ti thi im hin ti, client s hy b ni kt v th thit lp li ni kt sau. Nu my ch sn sng nhn th, client s thng bo l th t u n v ai s l ngi nhn. Nu ngi nhn tn ti, my ch s thng bo cho client tip tc gi th.

My khch gi th v my ch bo nhn cho th . Sau khi c hai bn hon tt phin truyn nhn, kt ni s c ng li.

C th tn ti nhiu my ch th in t lm cu ni gia my ch th in t ca my gi v my ch trong h thng chuyn nhn th in t.

c) Web

Web vit tt ca World Wide Web (www) trao i ti liu siu vn bn HTML (HyperText MarkUp Language) trn Internet, da trn giao thc HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).

Giao thc HTTP

Giao thc HTTP hot ng vi m hnh khch/ch (client/server). My ch m mt TCP socket ch ti cng mc nh (cng 80). Client khi to mt lin kt TCP ti my ch. My ch chp nhn yu cu v to lin kt. Trong qu trnh truyn d liu, client s gi yu cu HTTP request v my ch tr li li bng cc HTTP response. C my khch v my ch phi theo di xem pha bn kia c ch ng ct ni kt hay khng v ly lm c s t ct ni kt ca mnh.

Trnh duyt Web

Trnh duyt Web l cc chng trnh giao din ha cho php ngi dng a vo yu cu truy nhp Web, ti v hin th ni dung Web Cho php ngi dng m mt URL(Uniform Resource Locators), cung cp thng tin v v tr ca cc i tng trn Internet. V d http://www.vcu.edu.vn/index.ht ml. Cc tp tin trn Web cha:

vn bn hnh nh, audio v video clips. lin kt siu vn bn (hypertext links)

B m Web

Ni lu tr tm/b m cc trang Web Li ch

i vi my khch: np v hin th mt trang Web t b m gn y l nhanh hn rt nhiu so vi t mt my ch no t xa i vi my ch: gim bt ti trn my ch

B m Web

Ci t ti:

Trnh duyt Web My ch trong mt mng ni b (Web Proxy): nhng ngi dng sau c th s dng cc bn tr sn ca nhng ngi dng trc My ch ca cc ISP

B m Web(t)
Yu cu HTTP t cc my khch c chuyn pht n my ch ca ISP. My ch lin kim tra xem URL c yu cu c ging vi cc URL c tr sn hay khng. Nu c, my ch s tr li ngay. Nu khng, my ch s chuyn yu cu n my ch web tht s, lu vo b m ca mnh thng ip tr li t pha my ch Cc my ch Web phi gn ngy ht hn (tc l trng Expires trong header) cho mi trang Web m n phc v cho my khch, phi kim tra tnh cp nht ca trang Web

Mt s trang web h tr tm kim

Google.com Yahoo.com Infoseek.com Altavista.com

d)Truyn tp tin

ng dng da trn giao thc FTP (File Transfer Protocol) [RFC 959]: trao i tp tin gia cc my

Hot ng

Hot ng ca ng dng truyn tp tin theo m hnh khch/ch.

Ngi dng s ra lnh cho FTP user agent User agent s ni kt ti my ch FTP dn xp th tc lm vic, thc thi cc tc v theo yu cu v tr kt qu v cho ngi dng.

Giao thc FTP s dng giao thc tng giao vn l TCP.

Lnh FTP, cng 21, D liu: cng 20. Knh d liu l knh hai chiu, khng nht thit phi lun tn ti.

Lnh FTP

Ly tp thong_bao.doc trn my ch vcu_fee ca khoa thng mi in t v my tnh ca mnh bng giao din dng lnh

$ ftp vcu_fee Connected to vcu_fee 220220 vcu_fee.vcu.edu.vn FTP server (Version 2.1 WU(1)) ready Name(none): chungnh 331Password required for binhnn. Password: 230 User chungnh logged in. Remote system type is Windows Server 2003. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> get thong_bao.doc local: thong_bao.doc remote: thong_bao.doc 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for nettcp.c (46 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 46 kilo bytes received in 0 seconds (0.04 Kbytes/s)

e)Telnet

Dch v truy cp my tnh t xa S dng giao din dng lnh Hin nay thng thay th bng remote desktop