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The Birmingham Wholesalefresh produce markeTs
The Essential Catalyst 
 
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The Birmingham Wholesale fresh produce markeTs
The Essential Catalyst 
 History of the Birmingham Markets
Birmingham enters the historic recordin 1086 as a small hamlet, worth20 shillings in the Domesday Book.However, the transormation o thishamlet, modest by even contemporaryWarwickshire standards, into themodern commercial and industrial Cityo today, eectively starts with thepurchase o a Royal Charter by Peterde Birmingham in 1166 rom Henry II,granting a weekly market. There is considerable debate as towhether the Charter, one o the earliestgranted in English history, wasrecognition o an existing market datingback to the Anglo-Saxon period, themarket o the Beormingas (Gill), or itreects astute political arbitrage on thepart o Peter, achieving ascendancyover much larger nearby settlements,such as Aston or Northfeld. Lawsuitsin the thirteenth and ourteenth centuriesattest to a much earlier market, howeverwhile the frst charter o 1166 grantsPeter the right to hold a market at hisCastle (in Latin, castru, probably reerringto a moated manor house), theconfrmation o the charter in 1186,permits the market to be held(signifcantly) at his Villa. The use o theterm Villa, indicate that ollowing thegranting o the Charter, de Birminghamactually ounded a new town aroundthe Bull Ring (Holt). In the absence o contradictory archaeologicallyevidence, it suggests de Birminghamwas responsible or one o the frstplanned town developments in Englishhistory – the triangular Bull Ring site.While a defnitive version o the originso Birmingham is likely to remain elusive,it is clear that the creation o the marketsacted as a catalyst, ostering economicclusters that provided the impetus orthe establishment o Birmingham asthe modern commercial centre. Throughout the subsequent medievalperiod, the markets are likely to haveocused largely on agriculturalproduce, with the act that lawsuits in1285 and 1308 were over stolenlivestock, suggests trade was robustand brisk. In 1250, Birmingham wasgranted the right to hold a Whitsun air,by the ourteenth century was awardeda Michaelmas air, and by the16th century the general markets hadbecome three specialised markets,a Cornmarket, a Welshmarket and aEnglish market (Lambert), withbutchers shambles and a fsh marketrecorded rom the eighteenth century.Up until the nineteenth century, themarkets were held in the publicthoroughares o the town centre,which proved increasingly untenableas the urban population expanded. The establishment o the BirminghamStreet Commissioners (in 1769),ensured that these problems would betackled, leading to their assumption o the collection o tolls in 1806 and thepurchasing o the marketing rights romthe Lord o the Manor in 1824, theserights and responsibilities transerred tothe then newly established BirminghamCorporation in 1854. Most signifcant,was in 1816 the purchase o theBirmingham Manor House site by theCommissioners, which allowed orconcentration o the markets, andultimately the creation o the modernintegrated markets – again one o thefrst in English town planning history. A year later opened the SmithfeldCattle Market on the site which noworms part o the Wholesale MarketsPrecinct. The Old St. Martin’s Marketwas used as a Wholesale Market until1897. The Wholesale Fish Market inBell Street was opened in 1869 anddemolished in 1958. St. Martin’s Laneopened in 1883 and was divided intotwo sections, the larger upper partorming the Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market, and the lower part,bordering Moat Row, initially used as atoll market or armers and growers. The lower part was also home to theretail Rag Market each Tuesday andSaturday aternoon selling clothing,hardware and manuactured goods. A Cattle and Pig Market in MontagueStreet was opened in 1892. The CityMeat Market and Abattoir in BradordStreet opened in 1897 The deterioration o the old Smithfeldand City Meat Markets, the loss o theFish Markets in Bell Street or the newInner Road, and congestion o thenarrow streets around the wholesalearea, all led to the decision to builda new Wholesale Market complex.In February 1974 phase 1 o thescheme, the New Fish, Meat andPoultry Markets, was opened or trade. This was ollowed in 1975 by theHorticultural Market and fnishedwith the completion o the ancillarywarehousing.
 
The Essential Catalyst 
The Birmingham Wholesale fresh produce markeTs
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Contents
The Essential Catalyst 
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1
 History of the Birmingham Markets
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2
Contents
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3
 Introduction
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5
 Executive Summary
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7
Wholesale Markets: The Economic Impact 
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8
National Context
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8
 A Catalyst for Creating Value
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10
Current Structure of the Retail and Wholesale Markets Sector
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11
 An extensive catchment area
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12
 A National Contribution
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13
Market Regeneration Potential
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14
Delivering Competitive Advantage
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15
Encompassing a Wider Locality 
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16
National Policy Issues
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16
EU Policy Issues
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17
The Essential Catalyst
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18
 Horticultural Section
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21
 Meat Market 
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23
 Poultry Market 
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24
 Flowers
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25
 Future Prospects
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26
The Market Traders
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27
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